CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam - Francis E. Peters - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Muhammad_and_the_Origins_of_Islam.html?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Muhammad_and_the_Origins_of_Islam.html?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC"/><meta name="title" content="Muhammad and the Origins of Islam"/><meta name="description" content="An inquiry into the religious environment of the person Muslims hail as the &quot;Envoy of God&quot; and an attempt to trace his progress along the path from paganism to that distinctive form of monotheism called Islam. "/><meta property="og:title" content="Muhammad and the Origins of Islam"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73umCsCw_VUNXaS1eZ_WKe_DGrwcx9ng3ca64pL93UmwgHX2asKY5FMDJks4Rvq5lM9TK_s7ZojS8LdtigNqj9UJRuve9m_8F1hzrNG6jtBvlhSvaEo88AgkmyfSaswdwK5W14y"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73umCsCw_VUNXaS1eZ_WKe_DGrwcx9ng3ca64pL93UmwgHX2asKY5FMDJks4Rvq5lM9TK_s7ZojS8LdtigNqj9UJRuve9m_8F1hzrNG6jtBvlhSvaEo88AgkmyfSaswdwK5W14y"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3D0OrCo4VyvGkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."><img border="0" src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif"alt="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."></a></div><div class="kd-appbar"><h2 class="kd-appname"><a href="/books">Books</a></h2><div class="kd-buttonbar left" id="left-toolbar-buttons"><a id="appbar-view-print-sample-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_vpt_read"></a><a id="appbar-view-ebook-sample-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-prior-art-finder-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-discuss-this-link" href="" data-is-grant=""></a><a id="appbar-read-patent-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-download-pdf-link" href=""></a></div><div class="kd-buttonbar right" id="right-toolbar-buttons"></div></div><div style="display: none"><ol id="ofe-gear-menu-contents" class="gbmcc"><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary&hl=en">My library</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/topic/4359341?hl=en-SG">Help</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://books.google.com.sg/advanced_book_search">Advanced Book Search</a></li></ol></div><div id="volume-main"><div id="volume-left"><div id=menu_container ><div id="menu_scroll_wrapper"><div id="menu_scroll" role="navigation"><div id="gb-get-book-container"><a id="gb-get-book-content" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_vpt_read">Get print book</a></div><p id="gb-get-book-not-available">No eBook available<p><h3 class=about_title><a name="buy_anchor"></a></h3><div id=buy class=about_content><div id=buy_v><ul style="list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;"><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.sunypress.edu/p-1819-muhammad-and-the-origins-of-isl.aspx" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.sunypress.edu/p-1819-muhammad-and-the-origins-of-isl.aspx';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-suny_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d0OrCo4VyvGkC\x26q\x3dhttp://www.sunypress.edu/p-1819-muhammad-and-the-origins-of-isl.aspx\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw1O6MpYfTDZReeID1GQdGr0\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>SUNY Press</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=9780791418758" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index\x3dbooks\x26linkCode\x3dqs\x26keywords\x3d9780791418758';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-suny_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d0OrCo4VyvGkC\x26q\x3dhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9780791418758\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw3vyDhymoSJRUBJBNKowvhc\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Amazon.com</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail&pcode=9780791418758" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do\x3ddetail\x26pcode\x3d9780791418758';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-suny_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d0OrCo4VyvGkC\x26q\x3dhttp://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9780791418758\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw3vNt2tMN2gsVcE-5xB0_VS\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>MPH</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9780791418758" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q\x3d9780791418758';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-suny_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d0OrCo4VyvGkC\x26q\x3dhttps://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9780791418758\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw0by0Y4HPFY8OOzl15z0-PY\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Popular</span></a></li><li><hr style="margin-right: 20%; color: #666;"></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&pg=PP1&q=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1025589886&clientid=librarylink&usg=AOvVaw1VD3dT2YUj4G6NLIfM4gv3&source=gbs_buy_r"><span dir=ltr>Find in a library</span></a></li><li><a class="secondary" style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_buy_r" id="get-all-sellers-link"><span dir=ltr>All sellers</span> »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=menu id=menu><div class="menu_content" style="margin-bottom:6px"><div style="margin-bottom:4px"><div class="sidebarnav"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div class="sidebarcover"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover" onclick="_OC_Page('PP1',this.href); return false;"><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE72axpp3OZ7p-dJgFqn83waJfBfgtcw5HeJwE-ark5cCP1DjBgeZ1EqGz0xSye-5gk-EuiM7fNvv5ac2mVg-7bQf9DBWyhUd2FOBledgnnpGHDzObrSHdeo16psn_pUZEScXiRqm" alt="Front Cover" title="Front Cover" height=80 border=1 id=summary-frontcover ></a></div></td><td></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="volume-info-sidebar"><h1 class="gb-volume-title" dir=ltr>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</h1><span class="addmd">By Francis E. Peters</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:3px"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="id" value="0OrCo4VyvGkC"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Go" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Go"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form></div><div><p><a id="sidebar-atb-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span dir=ltr>About this book</span></a></p></div></div></div><div><div id="navbarContainer" class="gb-navbar"></div><script>_OC_InitNavbar({"child_node":[{"title":"My library","url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?uid=114584440181414684107\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list","id":"my_library","collapsed":true},{"title":"My History","url":"","id":"my_history","collapsed":true}],"highlighted_node_id":""});</script><h3 class=about_title><a name="pub_info_anchor"></a></h3><div id=pub_info class=about_content><div id=pub_info_v><table cellspacing=0><tr><td><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&pg=PP1&q=http://www.sunypress.edu&clientid=ca-print-suny_press&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw1BblSlNenvzLFArVk5wbUo&source=gbs_pub_info_r" style="text-decoration:none"><img width=69 height=35 border=0 src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/imgad?id=COmv-6PE9f_L8AEQYxgyMghNSfQlHBkjyw" alt="SUNY Press"></a><tr><td style="font-size:84.6%;color:#666666">Pages displayed by permission of <a class=link_aux href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&pg=PP1&q=http://www.sunypress.edu&clientid=ca-print-suny_press&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw1BblSlNenvzLFArVk5wbUo&source=gbs_pub_info_r">SUNY Press</a>. <a style="color:#7777cc;white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=copyright&source=gbs_pub_info_r">Copyright</a>. </table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="volume-center"><div id="scroll_atb" role="main"><div id="toolbar_container"><div style="float:left;white-space:nowrap"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td id="l_toolbar"></td><td class=toolbar-pc-cell><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td class=no-jump-cell align=right><span id=page_label style="margin-right:.5em">Front Cover</span></td><td class=arrow style="padding-right:2px"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&pg=PT6&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=prev_btn alt="Previous Page" title="Previous Page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_left"></div></div></a></td><td class=arrow><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&pg=PR3&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=next_btn alt="Next available page" title="Next available page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_right"></div></div></a></td></tr></table></td><td>  </td><td id=view_toolbar></td><td id=view_new></td></tr></table></div><div style="float:right"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td></td><td id="r_toolbar" style="white-space:nowrap"></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="search_bar"></div><div class="gback"><div id="viewport" class="viewport" tabindex="0"><a name="page" accesskey="c"></a><table class="viewport-table" id="container" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="center"><noscript><style type=text/css media=print> .html_page_image{display:none;} .viewport div img {display:none;} </style><div style="height:890px;width:575px;position:relative;margin-bottom:4px"><style type=text/css>.html_page_image { background-image:url("https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&pg=PP1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1ZaEZ5nzernf_DvLOvrXP3R4ek5A"); width:575px;height:890px; top:0px;left:0px;position:relative}</style><div class=html_page_image><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&pg=PR3&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" style="outline:none"><img class=html_page_secure_image src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif" height=890 width=575 border=0 alt="Next available page" title="Next available page"></a></div></div></noscript></td></tr></table></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"page":[{"pid":"PP1","flags":32,"order":0,"h":899},{"pid":"PR3","order":6,"title":"iii","h":908},{"pid":"PR4","order":7,"title":"iv","h":916},{"pid":"PR7","order":10,"title":"vii","h":909},{"pid":"PR8","order":11,"title":"viii","h":916},{"pid":"PR9","order":12,"title":"ix","h":912},{"pid":"PR11","order":14,"title":"xi","h":915},{"pid":"PR12","order":15,"title":"xii","h":920},{"pid":"PR13","order":16,"title":"xiii","h":915},{"pid":"PR15","order":18,"title":"xv","h":914},{"pid":"PA1","order":20,"title":"1","h":913},{"pid":"PA2","order":21,"title":"2","h":921},{"pid":"PA3","order":22,"title":"3","h":916},{"pid":"PA4","order":23,"title":"4","h":922},{"pid":"PA5","order":24,"title":"5","h":916},{"pid":"PA6","order":25,"title":"6","h":922},{"pid":"PA7","order":26,"title":"7","h":916},{"pid":"PA8","order":27,"title":"8","h":924},{"pid":"PA9","order":28,"title":"9","h":915},{"pid":"PA10","order":29,"title":"10","h":921},{"pid":"PA11","order":30,"title":"11","h":918},{"pid":"PA12","order":31,"title":"12","h":924},{"pid":"PA13","order":32,"title":"13","h":918},{"pid":"PA14","order":33,"title":"14","h":924},{"pid":"PA15","order":34,"title":"15","h":918},{"pid":"PA16","order":35,"title":"16","h":926},{"pid":"PA17","order":36,"title":"17","h":920},{"pid":"PA18","order":37,"title":"18","h":923},{"pid":"PA19","order":38,"title":"19","h":923},{"pid":"PA20","order":39,"title":"20","h":926},{"pid":"PA21","order":40,"title":"21","h":923},{"pid":"PA22","order":41,"title":"22","h":926},{"pid":"PA23","order":42,"title":"23","h":920},{"pid":"PA24","order":43,"title":"24","h":925},{"pid":"PA25","order":44,"title":"25","h":920},{"pid":"PA26","order":45,"title":"26","h":926},{"pid":"PA27","order":46,"title":"27","h":920},{"pid":"PA28","order":47,"title":"28","h":928},{"pid":"PA29","order":48,"title":"29","h":923},{"pid":"PA31","order":50,"title":"31","h":922},{"pid":"PA32","order":51,"title":"32","h":929},{"pid":"PA33","order":52,"title":"33","h":922},{"pid":"PA34","order":53,"title":"34","h":928},{"pid":"PA35","order":54,"title":"35","h":921},{"pid":"PA36","order":55,"title":"36","h":927},{"pid":"PA37","order":56,"title":"37","h":921},{"pid":"PA38","order":57,"title":"38","h":929},{"pid":"PA39","order":58,"title":"39","h":924},{"pid":"PA40","order":59,"title":"40","h":927},{"pid":"PA41","order":60,"title":"41","h":922},{"pid":"PA42","order":61,"title":"42","h":929},{"pid":"PA43","order":62,"title":"43","h":924},{"pid":"PA44","order":63,"title":"44","h":930},{"pid":"PA45","order":64,"title":"45","h":925},{"pid":"PA46","order":65,"title":"46","h":929},{"pid":"PA47","order":66,"title":"47","h":926},{"pid":"PA48","order":67,"title":"48","h":930},{"pid":"PA49","order":68,"title":"49","h":922},{"pid":"PA50","order":69,"title":"50","h":928},{"pid":"PA51","order":70,"title":"51","h":925},{"pid":"PA52","order":71,"title":"52","h":932},{"pid":"PA53","order":72,"title":"53","h":925},{"pid":"PA54","order":73,"title":"54","h":931},{"pid":"PA55","order":74,"title":"55","h":926},{"pid":"PA57","order":76,"title":"57","h":928},{"pid":"PA58","order":77,"title":"58","h":932},{"pid":"PA59","order":78,"title":"59","h":927},{"pid":"PA60","order":79,"title":"60","h":932},{"pid":"PA61","order":80,"title":"61","h":927},{"pid":"PA62","order":81,"title":"62","h":931},{"pid":"PA63","order":82,"title":"63","h":925},{"pid":"PA64","order":83,"title":"64","h":932},{"pid":"PA65","order":84,"title":"65","h":927},{"pid":"PA66","order":85,"title":"66","h":934},{"pid":"PA67","order":86,"title":"67","h":923},{"pid":"PA68","order":87,"title":"68","h":929},{"pid":"PA69","order":88,"title":"69","h":927},{"pid":"PA70","order":89,"title":"70","h":934},{"pid":"PA71","order":90,"title":"71","h":927},{"pid":"PA72","order":91,"title":"72","h":934},{"pid":"PA73","order":92,"title":"73","h":927},{"pid":"PA74","order":93,"title":"74","h":934},{"pid":"PA75","order":94,"title":"75","h":928},{"pid":"PA77","order":96,"title":"77","h":928},{"pid":"PA78","order":97,"title":"78","h":934},{"pid":"PA79","order":98,"title":"79","h":931},{"pid":"PA80","order":99,"title":"80","h":936},{"pid":"PA81","order":100,"title":"81","h":930},{"pid":"PA82","order":101,"title":"82","h":935},{"pid":"PA83","order":102,"title":"83","h":929},{"pid":"PA84","order":103,"title":"84","h":934},{"pid":"PA85","order":104,"title":"85","h":930},{"pid":"PA86","order":105,"title":"86","h":935},{"pid":"PA87","order":106,"title":"87","h":929},{"pid":"PA88","order":107,"title":"88","h":935},{"pid":"PA89","order":108,"title":"89","h":931},{"pid":"PA90","order":109,"title":"90","h":936},{"pid":"PA91","order":110,"title":"91","h":929},{"pid":"PA92","order":111,"title":"92","h":936},{"pid":"PA93","order":112,"title":"93","h":930},{"pid":"PA94","order":113,"title":"94","h":936},{"pid":"PA95","order":114,"title":"95","h":929},{"pid":"PA96","order":115,"title":"96","h":939},{"pid":"PA97","order":116,"title":"97","h":932},{"pid":"PA98","order":117,"title":"98","h":938},{"pid":"PA99","order":118,"title":"99","h":930},{"pid":"PA100","order":119,"title":"100","h":936},{"pid":"PA101","order":120,"title":"101","h":931},{"pid":"PA102","order":121,"title":"102","h":936},{"pid":"PA103","order":122,"title":"103","h":932},{"pid":"PA104","order":123,"title":"104","h":936},{"pid":"PA105","order":124,"title":"105","h":932},{"pid":"PA106","order":125,"title":"106","h":937},{"pid":"PA107","order":126,"title":"107","h":927},{"pid":"PA108","order":127,"title":"108"},{"pid":"PA109","order":128,"title":"109"},{"pid":"PA110","order":129,"title":"110","h":939},{"pid":"PA111","order":130,"title":"111"},{"pid":"PA112","order":131,"title":"112","h":941},{"pid":"PA113","order":132,"title":"113","h":935},{"pid":"PA114","order":133,"title":"114","h":940},{"pid":"PA115","order":134,"title":"115","h":935},{"pid":"PA116","order":135,"title":"116","h":939},{"pid":"PA117","order":136,"title":"117","h":935},{"pid":"PA118","order":137,"title":"118","h":940},{"pid":"PA119","order":138,"title":"119","h":935},{"pid":"PA120","order":139,"title":"120","h":939},{"pid":"PA121","order":140,"title":"121","h":932},{"pid":"PA122","order":141,"title":"122","h":941},{"pid":"PA123","order":142,"title":"123","h":932},{"pid":"PA124","order":143,"title":"124","h":941},{"pid":"PA125","order":144,"title":"125","h":932},{"pid":"PA126","order":145,"title":"126","h":940},{"pid":"PA127","order":146,"title":"127","h":935},{"pid":"PA128","order":147,"title":"128","h":942},{"pid":"PA129","order":148,"title":"129","h":935},{"pid":"PA130","order":149,"title":"130","h":940},{"pid":"PA131","order":150,"title":"131","h":935},{"pid":"PA132","order":151,"title":"132","h":941},{"pid":"PA133","order":152,"title":"133","h":935},{"pid":"PA134","order":153,"title":"134","h":940},{"pid":"PA135","order":154,"title":"135","h":935},{"pid":"PA136","order":155,"title":"136","h":941},{"pid":"PA137","order":156,"title":"137","h":934},{"pid":"PA138","order":157,"title":"138","h":941},{"pid":"PA139","order":158,"title":"139","h":930},{"pid":"PA140","order":159,"title":"140","h":937},{"pid":"PA141","order":160,"title":"141","h":934},{"pid":"PA142","order":161,"title":"142","h":942},{"pid":"PA143","order":162,"title":"143","h":939},{"pid":"PA144","order":163,"title":"144","h":943},{"pid":"PA145","order":164,"title":"145","h":936},{"pid":"PA146","order":165,"title":"146","h":943},{"pid":"PA147","order":166,"title":"147","h":937},{"pid":"PA148","order":167,"title":"148","h":940},{"pid":"PA149","order":168,"title":"149","h":936},{"pid":"PA150","order":169,"title":"150","h":940},{"pid":"PA151","order":170,"title":"151","h":937},{"pid":"PA152","order":171,"title":"152","h":940},{"pid":"PA153","order":172,"title":"153","h":937},{"pid":"PA154","order":173,"title":"154","h":944},{"pid":"PA155","order":174,"title":"155","h":938},{"pid":"PA156","order":175,"title":"156","h":942},{"pid":"PA157","order":176,"title":"157","h":937},{"pid":"PA158","order":177,"title":"158","h":942},{"pid":"PA159","order":178,"title":"159","h":937},{"pid":"PA160","order":179,"title":"160","h":942},{"pid":"PA162","order":181,"title":"162","h":942},{"pid":"PA163","order":182,"title":"163","h":934},{"pid":"PA165","order":184,"title":"165","h":934},{"pid":"PA169","order":188,"title":"169"},{"pid":"PA171","order":190,"title":"171","h":932},{"pid":"PA172","order":191,"title":"172","h":936},{"pid":"PA174","order":193,"title":"174","h":936},{"pid":"PA177","order":196,"title":"177","h":936},{"pid":"PA178","order":197,"title":"178","h":943},{"pid":"PA179","order":198,"title":"179","h":937},{"pid":"PA182","order":201,"title":"182","h":942},{"pid":"PA185","order":204,"title":"185","h":936},{"pid":"PA186","order":205,"title":"186","h":942},{"pid":"PA187","order":206,"title":"187","h":935},{"pid":"PA189","order":208,"title":"189","h":935},{"pid":"PA191","order":210,"title":"191","h":935},{"pid":"PA192","order":211,"title":"192","h":940},{"pid":"PA193","order":212,"title":"193","h":936},{"pid":"PA195","order":214,"title":"195","h":937},{"pid":"PA196","order":215,"title":"196","h":942},{"pid":"PA197","order":216,"title":"197","h":937},{"pid":"PA198","order":217,"title":"198","h":944},{"pid":"PA199","order":218,"title":"199","h":938},{"pid":"PA200","order":219,"title":"200","h":944},{"pid":"PA201","order":220,"title":"201","h":937},{"pid":"PA202","order":221,"title":"202","h":944},{"pid":"PA203","order":222,"title":"203","h":932},{"pid":"PA204","order":223,"title":"204","h":936},{"pid":"PA206","order":225,"title":"206","h":940},{"pid":"PA207","order":226,"title":"207","h":937},{"pid":"PA208","order":227,"title":"208","h":942},{"pid":"PA209","order":228,"title":"209","h":935},{"pid":"PA210","order":229,"title":"210","h":941},{"pid":"PA212","order":231,"title":"212","h":941},{"pid":"PA213","order":232,"title":"213","h":935},{"pid":"PA215","order":234,"title":"215","h":934},{"pid":"PA216","order":235,"title":"216","h":940},{"pid":"PA217","order":236,"title":"217","h":935},{"pid":"PA218","order":237,"title":"218","h":941},{"pid":"PA223","order":242,"title":"223","h":936},{"pid":"PA225","order":244,"title":"225","h":934},{"pid":"PA227","order":246,"title":"227","h":935},{"pid":"PA228","order":247,"title":"228","h":942},{"pid":"PA229","order":248,"title":"229","h":935},{"pid":"PA231","order":250,"title":"231","h":931},{"pid":"PA232","order":251,"title":"232","h":937},{"pid":"PA233","order":252,"title":"233","h":932},{"pid":"PA235","order":254,"title":"235","h":930},{"pid":"PA237","order":256,"title":"237","h":930},{"pid":"PA239","order":258,"title":"239","h":935},{"pid":"PA242","order":261,"title":"242","h":940},{"pid":"PA243","order":262,"title":"243","h":932},{"pid":"PA246","order":265,"title":"246","h":942},{"pid":"PA249","order":268,"title":"249","h":934},{"pid":"PA250","order":269,"title":"250","h":940},{"pid":"PA251","order":270,"title":"251"},{"pid":"PA252","order":271,"title":"252","h":941},{"pid":"PA253","order":272,"title":"253","h":931},{"pid":"PA255","order":274,"title":"255","h":935},{"pid":"PA257","order":276,"title":"257"},{"pid":"PA259","order":278,"title":"259"},{"pid":"PA261","order":280,"title":"261","h":932},{"pid":"PA262","order":281,"title":"262","h":938},{"pid":"PA263","order":282,"title":"263","h":934},{"pid":"PA264","order":283,"title":"264","h":940},{"pid":"PA266","order":285,"title":"266","h":940},{"pid":"PA268","order":287,"title":"268","h":939},{"pid":"PA269","order":288,"title":"269","h":931},{"pid":"PA270","order":289,"title":"270","h":935},{"pid":"PA271","order":290,"title":"271","h":931},{"pid":"PA272","order":291,"title":"272","h":939},{"pid":"PA273","order":292,"title":"273","h":934},{"pid":"PA274","order":293,"title":"274","h":938},{"pid":"PA275","order":294,"title":"275","h":930},{"pid":"PA276","order":295,"title":"276","h":938},{"pid":"PA279","order":298,"title":"279"},{"pid":"PA280","order":299,"title":"280","h":937},{"pid":"PA281","order":300,"title":"281","h":929},{"pid":"PA282","order":301,"title":"282","h":937},{"pid":"PA283","order":302,"title":"283","h":930},{"pid":"PA284","order":303,"title":"284","h":936},{"pid":"PA285","order":304,"title":"285","h":925},{"pid":"PA286","order":305,"title":"286"},{"pid":"PA287","order":306,"title":"287","h":932},{"pid":"PA288","order":307,"title":"288","h":936},{"pid":"PA289","order":308,"title":"289","h":930},{"pid":"PA291","order":310,"title":"291","h":927},{"pid":"PA292","order":311,"title":"292","h":930},{"pid":"PA294","order":313,"title":"294","h":931},{"pid":"PA295","order":314,"title":"295","h":922},{"pid":"PA296","order":315,"title":"296","h":928},{"pid":"PA298","order":317,"title":"298","h":928},{"pid":"PA299","order":318,"title":"299","h":922},{"pid":"PA300","order":319,"title":"300","h":928},{"pid":"PA301","order":320,"title":"301","h":922},{"pid":"PA302","order":321,"title":"302","h":927},{"pid":"PA304","order":323,"title":"304"},{"pid":"PA307","order":326,"title":"307","h":925},{"pid":"PA308","order":327,"title":"308","h":931},{"pid":"PA309","order":328,"title":"309","h":923},{"pid":"PA311","order":330,"title":"311","h":923},{"pid":"PA312","order":331,"title":"312","h":929},{"pid":"PA313","order":332,"title":"313","h":922},{"pid":"PT6","flags":64,"order":359,"h":907}],"prefix":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026lpg=PP1"},{"fullview":false,"page_width":575,"page_height":933,"font_height":0,"first_content_page":20,"disable_twopage":true,"initial_zoom_width_override":0,"show_print_pages_button":false,"title":"Muhammad and the Origins of Islam","subtitle":"","attribution":"By Francis E. Peters","additional_info":{"[JsonBookInfo]":{"BuyLinks":[{"Seller":"SUNY Press","Url":"http://www.sunypress.edu/p-1819-muhammad-and-the-origins-of-isl.aspx","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-suny_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026q=http://www.sunypress.edu/p-1819-muhammad-and-the-origins-of-isl.aspx\u0026usg=AOvVaw1O6MpYfTDZReeID1GQdGr0","IsPublisher":true},{"Seller":"Amazon.com","Url":"http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books\u0026linkCode=qs\u0026keywords=9780791418758","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-suny_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026q=http://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9780791418758\u0026usg=AOvVaw3vyDhymoSJRUBJBNKowvhc"},{"Seller":"MPH","Url":"http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail\u0026pcode=9780791418758","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-suny_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026q=http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9780791418758\u0026usg=AOvVaw3vNt2tMN2gsVcE-5xB0_VS"},{"Seller":"Popular","Url":"https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9780791418758","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-suny_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026q=https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9780791418758\u0026usg=AOvVaw0by0Y4HPFY8OOzl15z0-PY"}],"AboutUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC","PreviewUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC","allowed_syndication_flags":{"allow_disabling_chrome":true},"TocLine":[{"Title":"III","Pid":"PA1","PgNum":"1","Order":20},{"Title":"IV","Pid":"PA2","PgNum":"2","Order":21},{"Title":"V","Pid":"PA16","PgNum":"16","Order":35},{"Title":"VI","Pid":"PA28","PgNum":"28","Order":47},{"Title":"VII","Pid":"PA31","PgNum":"31","Order":50},{"Title":"VIII","Pid":"PA34","PgNum":"34","Order":53},{"Title":"IX","Pid":"PA40","PgNum":"40","Order":59},{"Title":"X","Pid":"PA51","PgNum":"51","Order":70},{"Title":"XI","Pid":"PA57","PgNum":"57","Order":76},{"Title":"XII","Pid":"PA60","PgNum":"60","Order":79},{"Title":"XIII","Pid":"PA65","PgNum":"65","Order":84},{"Title":"XIV","Pid":"PA68","PgNum":"68","Order":87},{"Title":"XV","Pid":"PA77","PgNum":"77","Order":96},{"Title":"XVI","Pid":"PA83","PgNum":"83","Order":102},{"Title":"XVII","Pid":"PA84","PgNum":"84","Order":103},{"Title":"XVIII","Pid":"PA88","PgNum":"88","Order":107},{"Title":"XIX","Pid":"PA92","PgNum":"92","Order":111},{"Title":"XX","Pid":"PA94","PgNum":"94","Order":113},{"Title":"XXI","Pid":"PA99","PgNum":"99","Order":118},{"Title":"XXII","Pid":"PA101","PgNum":"101","Order":120},{"Title":"XXIII","Pid":"PA105","PgNum":"105","Order":124},{"Title":"XXIV","Pid":"PA116","PgNum":"116","Order":135},{"Title":"XXV","Pid":"PA117","PgNum":"117","Order":136},{"Title":"XXVI","Pid":"PA128","PgNum":"128","Order":147},{"Title":"XXVII","Pid":"PA131","PgNum":"131","Order":150},{"Title":"XXVIII","Pid":"PA133","PgNum":"133","Order":152},{"Title":"XXIX","Pid":"PA141","PgNum":"141","Order":160},{"Title":"XXX","Pid":"PA144","PgNum":"144","Order":163},{"Title":"XXXI","Pid":"PA147","PgNum":"147","Order":166},{"Title":"XXXII","Pid":"PA152","PgNum":"152","Order":171},{"Title":"XXXIII","Pid":"PA154","PgNum":"154","Order":173},{"Title":"XXXIV","Pid":"PA156","PgNum":"156","Order":175},{"Title":"XXXV","Pid":"PA164","PgNum":"164","Order":183},{"Title":"XXXVI","Pid":"PA167","PgNum":"167","Order":186},{"Title":"XXXVII","Pid":"PA178","PgNum":"178","Order":197},{"Title":"XXXVIII","Pid":"PA179","PgNum":"179","Order":198},{"Title":"XXXIX","Pid":"PA183","PgNum":"183","Order":202},{"Title":"XL","Pid":"PA185","PgNum":"185","Order":204},{"Title":"XLI","Pid":"PA191","PgNum":"191","Order":210},{"Title":"XLII","Pid":"PA192","PgNum":"192","Order":211},{"Title":"XLIII","Pid":"PA194","PgNum":"194","Order":213},{"Title":"XLIV","Pid":"PA198","PgNum":"198","Order":217},{"Title":"XLV","Pid":"PA202","PgNum":"202","Order":221},{"Title":"XLVI","Pid":"PA211","PgNum":"211","Order":230},{"Title":"XLVII","Pid":"PA212","PgNum":"212","Order":231},{"Title":"XLVIII","Pid":"PA213","PgNum":"213","Order":232},{"Title":"XLIX","Pid":"PA218","PgNum":"218","Order":237},{"Title":"L","Pid":"PA222","PgNum":"222","Order":241},{"Title":"LI","Pid":"PA224","PgNum":"224","Order":243},{"Title":"LII","Pid":"PA228","PgNum":"228","Order":247},{"Title":"LIII","Pid":"PA229","PgNum":"229","Order":248},{"Title":"LIV","Pid":"PA230","PgNum":"230","Order":249},{"Title":"LV","Pid":"PA235","PgNum":"235","Order":254},{"Title":"LVI","Pid":"PA237","PgNum":"237","Order":256},{"Title":"LVII","Pid":"PA238","PgNum":"238","Order":257},{"Title":"LVIII","Pid":"PA239","PgNum":"239","Order":258},{"Title":"LIX","Pid":"PA242","PgNum":"242","Order":261},{"Title":"LX","Pid":"PA243","PgNum":"243","Order":262},{"Title":"LXI","Pid":"PA245","PgNum":"245","Order":264},{"Title":"LXII","Pid":"PA247","PgNum":"247","Order":266},{"Title":"LXIII","Pid":"PA249","PgNum":"249","Order":268},{"Title":"LXIV","Pid":"PA251","PgNum":"251","Order":270},{"Title":"LXVI","Pid":"PA255","PgNum":"255","Order":274},{"Title":"LXVII","Pid":"PA257","PgNum":"257","Order":276},{"Title":"LXVIII","Pid":"PA269","PgNum":"269","Order":288},{"Title":"LXIX","Pid":"PA315","PgNum":"315","Order":334}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PR7","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":2076,"num_toc_pages":3,"quality_info":"We know this book has perfect quality.","volume_id":"0OrCo4VyvGkC","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026pg=PP1\u0026q=http://www.sunypress.edu\u0026clientid=ca-print-suny_press\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw1BblSlNenvzLFArVk5wbUo\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eSUNY Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":true,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"SUNY Press","publication_date":"1994.01.01","subject":"Religion","num_pages":334,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"An inquiry into the religious environment of the person Muslims hail as the \u0026quot;Envoy of God\u0026quot; and an attempt to trace his progress along the path from paganism to that distinctive form of monotheism called Islam. ","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3D0OrCo4VyvGkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PP1","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026pg=PP1\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U1ZaEZ5nzernf_DvLOvrXP3R4ek5A","flags":32,"order":0,"uf":"https://books.google.com.sg/books_feedback?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026spid=AFLRE73UxUURjnQDJw2qGQfDnli-1UN5SN6AgRd_CL37v-PFYzZ2faU\u0026ftype=0"},{"pid":"PR3","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026pg=PR3\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U0EAi2Ksnr_Bnb9lNTzQoKKWroeuA"},{"pid":"PR4","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026pg=PR4\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U1owuAajtieImM1m6RL-aKi9Uaq3w"},{"pid":"PR7","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC\u0026pg=PR7\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U3FYGPk0JvsgoQVMqYkoBc5bj2baw"}]},null,null,{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>