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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kotač_i_osovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kotač_i_osovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kotač i osovina</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kotač_i_osovina-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Kotač i osovina</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kotač_i_osovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vodeničko_kolo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vodeničko_kolo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Vodeničko kolo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vodeničko_kolo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vitlo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitlo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Vitlo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitlo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poluga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poluga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Poluga</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Poluga-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Poluga</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Poluga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polužna_vaga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polužna_vaga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Polužna vaga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polužna_vaga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vage_nejednakih_krakova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vage_nejednakih_krakova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vage nejednakih krakova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vage_nejednakih_krakova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidraulična_preša" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidraulična_preša"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hidraulična preša</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidraulična_preša-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolotur_i_koloturnik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolotur_i_koloturnik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kolotur i koloturnik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolotur_i_koloturnik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kosina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Klin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vijak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vijak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vijak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vijak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Vijak</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vijak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arhimedov_vijak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arhimedov_vijak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Arhimedov vijak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arhimedov_vijak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navojno_vreteno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navojno_vreteno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Navojno vreteno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navojno_vreteno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preša_ili_tijesak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preša_ili_tijesak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Preša ili tijesak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preša_ili_tijesak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jednostavni stroj</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 67 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einfache_Maschine" title="Einfache Maschine – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Einfache Maschine" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquina_simpla" title="Maquina simpla – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Maquina simpla" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="آلة بسيطة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلة بسيطة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="সৰল যন্ত্ৰ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সৰল যন্ত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_cenciella" title="Máquina cenciella – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Máquina cenciella" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Прост механизъм – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прост механизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="সরল যন্ত্র – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সরল যন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednostavne_ma%C5%A1ine" title="Jednostavne mašine – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jednostavne mašine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0quina_simple" title="Màquina simple – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Màquina simple" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مەکینەی ساکار – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەکینەی ساکار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednoduch%C3%BD_stroj" title="Jednoduchý stroj – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jednoduchý stroj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ансат механизм – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ансат механизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkel_maskine" title="Enkel maskine – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enkel maskine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einfache_Maschine" title="Einfache Maschine – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einfache Maschine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine" title="Simple machine – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Simple machine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpla_ma%C5%9Dino" title="Simpla maŝino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Simpla maŝino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_simple" title="Máquina simple – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Máquina simple" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makina_sinple" title="Makina sinple – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Makina sinple" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="ماشین‌های ساده – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماشین‌های ساده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yksinkertainen_kone" title="Yksinkertainen kone – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yksinkertainen kone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_simple" title="Machine simple – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Machine simple" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machin_senp" title="Machin senp – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Machin senp" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_simple" title="Máquina simple – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Máquina simple" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94" title="מכונה פשוטה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכונה פשוטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सरल यंत्र – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सरल यंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machin_senp" title="Machin senp – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Machin senp" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyszer%C5%B1_g%C3%A9p" title="Egyszerű gép – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyszerű gép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Պարզ մեխանիզմ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարզ մեխանիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_sederhana" title="Pesawat sederhana – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pesawat sederhana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpla_mashino" title="Simpla mashino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Simpla mashino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunnv%C3%A9l" title="Grunnvél – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grunnvél" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macchina_semplice" title="Macchina semplice – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macchina semplice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%98%E7%B4%94%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="単純機械 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="単純機械" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Жай механизм – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жай механизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%88%9C_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B3%84" title="단순 기계 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단순 기계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machina_simplex" title="Machina simplex – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Machina simplex" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienk%C4%81r%C5%A1s_meh%C4%81nisms" title="Vienkāršs mehānisms – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vienkāršs mehānisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Проста машина – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Проста машина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%98%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ലഘുയന്ത്രം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലഘുയന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_ringkas" title="Mesin ringkas – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mesin ringkas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenvoudige_machine" title="Eenvoudige machine – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eenvoudige machine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkel_maskin" title="Enkel maskin – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Enkel maskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkel_maskin" title="Enkel maskin – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enkel maskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquina_simpla" title="Maquina simpla – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maquina simpla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maashinoota_sasalphoo" title="Maashinoota sasalphoo – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Maashinoota sasalphoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maszyny_proste" title="Maszyny proste – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maszyny proste" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_simples" title="Máquina simples – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Máquina simples" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikllalla_kuyuna" title="Sikllalla kuyuna – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sikllalla kuyuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C8%99ini_simple" title="Mașini simple – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mașini simple" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Простейший механизм – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Простейший механизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Судургу механизм – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Судургу механизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednostavni_stroj" title="Jednostavni stroj – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jednostavni stroj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine" title="Simple machine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Simple machine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednoduch%C3%BD_stroj" title="Jednoduchý stroj – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jednoduchý stroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednostavna_ma%C5%A1ina" title="Jednostavna mašina – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jednostavna mašina" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkel_maskin" title="Enkel maskin – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enkel maskin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எளிய இயந்திரம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எளிய இயந்திரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="సరళ యంత్రం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సరళ యంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="เครื่องกลอย่างง่าย – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องกลอย่างง่าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makinang_payak" title="Makinang payak – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Makinang payak" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basit_makine" title="Basit makine – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Basit makine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Простий механізм – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Простий механізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_c%C6%A1_%C4%91%C6%A1n_gi%E1%BA%A3n" title="Máy cơ đơn giản – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy cơ đơn giản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="简单机械 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="简单机械" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="简单机械 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="简单机械" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%96%AE%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="簡單機械 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="簡單機械" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INguxa_elula" title="INguxa elula – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INguxa elula" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186713#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jednostavni_stroj" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jednostavni_stroj"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jednostavni_stroj"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Jednostavni_stroj" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Jednostavni_stroj" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&oldid=6727650" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Jednostavni_stroj&id=6727650&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJednostavni_stroj"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJednostavni_stroj"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Jednostavni+stroj"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jednostavni_stroj&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Simple_machines" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186713" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Australian_cart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Australian_cart.jpg/250px-Australian_cart.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Australian_cart.jpg/375px-Australian_cart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Australian_cart.jpg/500px-Australian_cart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kota%C4%8D" title="Kotač">Kotač</a> na vozu (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kola_(zaprega)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kola (zaprega) (stranica ne postoji)">kolima</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg/250px-Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg/375px-Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg/500px-Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vodeni%C4%8Dko_kolo" title="Vodeničko kolo">Vodeničko kolo</a>: voda teče preko drvenog kotača.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wheelaxle_quackenbos.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Wheelaxle_quackenbos.gif/250px-Wheelaxle_quackenbos.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Wheelaxle_quackenbos.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Veći dio jednostavnog priručnog <a href="/wiki/Vitlo" title="Vitlo">vitla</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cekrk" title="Čekrk">čekrka</a>) naziva se kolo, a manji, produžen u obliku <a href="/wiki/Valjak" title="Valjak">valjka</a> na koje se namata <a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEe" title="Uže">uže</a> s <a href="/wiki/Teret" class="mw-disambig" title="Teret">teretom</a>, naziva se vreteno. <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">Sila</a> potezanja razmjerno je manja u odnosu na silu u teretnom užetu prema omjeru <a href="/wiki/Polumjer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polumjer">polumjera</a> vretena i kola.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Palanca-ejemplo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Palanca-ejemplo.jpg/250px-Palanca-ejemplo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Palanca-ejemplo.jpg/375px-Palanca-ejemplo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Palanca-ejemplo.jpg/500px-Palanca-ejemplo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Poluga" title="Poluga">Poluga</a> je jedan od 6 jednostavnih strojeva.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:LeverPrincleple.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LeverPrincleple.svg/250px-LeverPrincleple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LeverPrincleple.svg/375px-LeverPrincleple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LeverPrincleple.svg/500px-LeverPrincleple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Poluga" title="Poluga">Poluga</a> je čvrsto tijelo koje se može okretati oko neke čvrste točke, <a href="/wiki/Oslonac" title="Oslonac">oslonca</a> ili zgloba i vrijedi: <b>F<sub>1</sub>D<sub>1</sub> = F<sub>2</sub>D<sub>2</sub></b>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Bascula_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bascula_9.jpg/250px-Bascula_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bascula_9.jpg/375px-Bascula_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bascula_9.jpg/500px-Bascula_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1343" /></a><figcaption>Polužna <a href="/wiki/Vaga" title="Vaga">vaga</a>, obična vaga ili vaga jednakih krakova u stvari je <a href="/wiki/Poluga" title="Poluga">poluga</a> jednakih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_(fizika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krak (fizika) (stranica ne postoji)">krakova</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Bronze-Schnellwage_mit_Gewicht,_Pompeji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bronze-Schnellwage_mit_Gewicht%2C_Pompeji.jpg/250px-Bronze-Schnellwage_mit_Gewicht%2C_Pompeji.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bronze-Schnellwage_mit_Gewicht%2C_Pompeji.jpg/375px-Bronze-Schnellwage_mit_Gewicht%2C_Pompeji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bronze-Schnellwage_mit_Gewicht%2C_Pompeji.jpg/500px-Bronze-Schnellwage_mit_Gewicht%2C_Pompeji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Rimska vaga ili <a href="/wiki/Kantar_(vaga)" title="Kantar (vaga)">kantar</a> pronađena u <a href="/wiki/Pompeji" title="Pompeji">Pompejima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dki_Rim" title="Antički Rim">Antički Rim</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hydraulic_Force,_language_neutral.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Hydraulic_Force%2C_language_neutral.png/250px-Hydraulic_Force%2C_language_neutral.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Hydraulic_Force%2C_language_neutral.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>Način rada <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dka_pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidraulička preša">hidrauličke preše</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Koloturnik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Koloturnik.jpg/250px-Koloturnik.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="478" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Koloturnik.jpg/375px-Koloturnik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Koloturnik.jpg/500px-Koloturnik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>Izgled Arhimedovog ili običnog <a href="/wiki/Koloturnik" title="Koloturnik">koloturnika</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rastav_tezine_na_kosini.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rastav_tezine_na_kosini.PNG/250px-Rastav_tezine_na_kosini.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rastav_tezine_na_kosini.PNG/375px-Rastav_tezine_na_kosini.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rastav_tezine_na_kosini.PNG/500px-Rastav_tezine_na_kosini.PNG 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Rastav <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEina" title="Težina">težine</a> na <a href="/wiki/Kosina" title="Kosina">kosini</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wedge-diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Wedge-diagram.svg/250px-Wedge-diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="599" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Wedge-diagram.svg/375px-Wedge-diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Wedge-diagram.svg/500px-Wedge-diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Klin" title="Klin">Klin</a> služi za uvećavanje primijenjene <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a> i promjenu smjera njezina djelovanja.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Bolted_joint.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bolted_joint.svg/250px-Bolted_joint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bolted_joint.svg/375px-Bolted_joint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bolted_joint.svg/500px-Bolted_joint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Tipični <a href="/wiki/Vij%C4%8Dani_spoj" title="Vijčani spoj">vijčani spoj</a> s vijkom sa šestostranom glavom, maticom i <a href="/wiki/Podlo%C5%A1ka" title="Podloška">podloškom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Archimedes_screw.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Archimedes_screw.JPG/250px-Archimedes_screw.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Archimedes_screw.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arhimedov_vijak" title="Arhimedov vijak">Arhimedov vijak</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif/250px-Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif/375px-Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif/500px-Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Način rada <a href="/wiki/Arhimedov_vijak" title="Arhimedov vijak">Arhimedovog vijka</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Bewegungsschraube01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bewegungsschraube01.jpg/250px-Bewegungsschraube01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bewegungsschraube01.jpg/375px-Bewegungsschraube01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bewegungsschraube01.jpg/500px-Bewegungsschraube01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Primjer ugrađenog <a href="/wiki/Navojno_vreteno" title="Navojno vreteno">navojnog vretena</a> na <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">stroju</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cider_press_in_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cider_press_in_Jersey.jpg/250px-Cider_press_in_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cider_press_in_Jersey.jpg/375px-Cider_press_in_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cider_press_in_Jersey.jpg/500px-Cider_press_in_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption>Jednostavna drvena <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Preša">preša</a> s <a href="/wiki/Navojno_vreteno" title="Navojno vreteno">navojnim vretenom</a> od davnine je služila za cijeđenje <a href="/wiki/Gro%C5%BE%C4%91e" title="Grožđe">grožđa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulja" title="Ulja">uljarica</a> i slično.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg/250px-Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg/375px-Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg/500px-Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Prvi <a href="/wiki/Tiskarski_stroj" title="Tiskarski stroj">tiskarski strojevi</a> su bili jednostavne <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Preša">preše</a> kojima se drvena ploča sa slovima pritiskala na <a href="/wiki/Papir" title="Papir">papir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jednostavni stroj</b> je povijesni naziv za razne <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alate</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Naprava" title="Naprava">naprave</a> koje su povećavale omjer uložene i dobivene <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a>. Jednostavni strojevi su omogućili <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">čovjeku</a> da obavi <a href="/wiki/Rad_(ekonomija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rad (ekonomija)">radove</a> koji su zahtijevali <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snagu</a> koja je bila veća od njegove, to jest omogućili su iskorištavanje snage <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetra</a>, snage <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>, i snage gorivih tvari. Bez njih bio je nezamisliv napredak, a čovjek bi još uvijek bio na primitivnom stupnju razvoja. Jednostavni strojevi su: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poluga" title="Poluga">poluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota%C4%8D" title="Kotač">kotač</a> i <a href="/wiki/Osovina" title="Osovina">osovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koloturnik" title="Koloturnik">koloturnik</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kolotura" title="Kolotura">kolotura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosina" title="Kosina">kosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klin" title="Klin">klin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">vijak</a>.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kotač_i_osovina"><span id="Kota.C4.8D_i_osovina"></span>Kotač i osovina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Kotač i osovina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kotač i osovina"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članci o temama: <a href="/wiki/Kota%C4%8D" title="Kotač">Kotač</a> i <a href="/wiki/Osovina" title="Osovina">Osovina</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Kotač</b> je mehanička <a href="/wiki/Naprava" title="Naprava">naprava</a> okretanjem koje se omogućuje izvršenje nekog <a href="/wiki/Rad_(fizika)" title="Rad (fizika)">rada</a> (pokretanje nekog tijela) uz primjenu manje sile. Tako je na primjer sila <a href="/wiki/Trenje" title="Trenje">trenja</a> (otpora gibanju) vozila pri kotrljanju (<a href="/wiki/Vozila" class="mw-redirect" title="Vozila">vozila</a> s kotačima) znatno manja od sile trenja vozila koje kliže podlogom; par ili niz kotača različita <a href="/wiki/Promjer" title="Promjer">promjera</a>, u međusobnom dodiru (<a href="/wiki/Zup%C4%8Danik" title="Zupčanik">zupčanici</a>) ili posredno, preko <a href="/wiki/Remenski_prijenos" title="Remenski prijenos">remena</a> (remenice) ili užeta (koloture), omogućuje prijenos sile u najpovoljnijem iznosu; primijenjen kao <a href="/wiki/Zama%C5%A1njak" title="Zamašnjak">zamašnjak</a>, kotač svojom <a href="/wiki/Tromost" title="Tromost">tromošću</a> ujednačuje nejednolike pogonske sile, čime je rad stroja (na primjer parne lokomotive) ili uređaja (na primjer kolovrata) mirniji, a ekonomičnost sustava povećana. Naziva se još i kolo, a osim s prijevoznim sredstvima (kolima), razvoj kotača povezan je i s iskorištenjem vodene energije (<a href="/wiki/Vodeni%C4%8Dko_kolo" title="Vodeničko kolo">vodeničko kolo</a>), te za obavljanje različitih poslova (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Lon%C4%8Darstvo" title="Lončarstvo">lončarsko kolo</a>). Svrstava se među takozvane jednostavne strojeve, na načelima kojih počiva rad svih današnjih <a href="/wiki/Strojevi" title="Strojevi">strojeva</a> pa je time i jedan od najznačajnijih tehničkih <a href="/wiki/Izum" title="Izum">izuma</a> čovječanstva.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Razvoj kotača bio je polagan, ali stalan na gotovo cijelom planetu. Njegov je preteča trupac, s pomoću kojega se podmetanjem i kotrljanjem ispod teških tereta olakšava njihovo pokretanje. Pojava kotača vezana je uz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kola_(zaprega)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kola (zaprega) (stranica ne postoji)">kola</a> kao <a href="/wiki/Prijevoz" class="mw-redirect" title="Prijevoz">prijevozno</a> sredstvo. Najstariji prikazi kotača pronađeni su među ostatcima središnjoazijskih kultura (<a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, oko 2700. pr. Kr.), puna su oblika i slični onima iz <a href="/wiki/Mla%C4%91e_kameno_doba" title="Mlađe kameno doba">mlađega kamenog doba</a>, nađenima u <a href="/wiki/Treset" title="Treset">tresetištima</a> sjeverne i zapadne Europe. <a href="/wiki/Ljubljanski_drveni_kota%C4%8D" title="Ljubljanski drveni kotač">Ljubljanski drveni kotač</a> je najstariji drveni kotač s osovinom na svijetu, starost mu iznosi oko 5 150 godina. Oko 1700. pr. Kr. taj se izum proširio do <a href="/wiki/Tehnologija_drevne_Kine" title="Tehnologija drevne Kine">Kine</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tehnologija_drevnih_civilizacija" title="Tehnologija drevnih civilizacija">Egipta</a>, a prvi kotači sa žbicama pojavljuju se na prikazima borbenih kola <a href="/wiki/Tehnologija_starog_Rima" title="Tehnologija starog Rima">starih Rimljana</a> (oko 300. pr. Kr.). Značajan korak u razvoju kotača bilo je uvođenje ojačanja vijenca metalnim prstenom (<a href="/wiki/Bronca" title="Bronca">bronca</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik">čelik</a>), koji je povećao <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cvrsto%C4%87a" title="Čvrstoća">čvrstoću</a> kotača i njegov otpor habanju. Prije europskih istraživanja na pacifičkim otocima kotač nije bio poznat; pretkolumbovske kulture Amerike poznavale su princip kotača, ali nisu nikada razvile njegovu primjenu. Za <a href="/wiki/Prijenosni_omjer" title="Prijenosni omjer">prijenos</a> gibanja i sile u različitim napravama (<a href="/wiki/Vitlo" title="Vitlo">vitlo</a>, kolotur), kotač se rabi još od antike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kola">Kola</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Kola" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kola"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kola_(zaprega)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kola (zaprega) (stranica ne postoji)">Kola (zaprega)</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Kola</b> su <a href="/wiki/Prijevoz" class="mw-redirect" title="Prijevoz">prijevozno</a> sredstvo s kotačima koje se pokreće s pomoću <a href="/wiki/Doma%C4%87e_%C5%BEivotinje" title="Domaće životinje">životinjske</a> vuče. Naziv kola upotrebljava se i za prijevozna sredstva na mehaničku i električnu vuču (za <a href="/wiki/Motorna_vozila" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorna vozila">motorna vozila</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dka_vozila" title="Željeznička vozila">željeznički vagon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tramvaj" title="Tramvaj">tramvaj</a>), a u vojnoj terminologiji naziv <i>borna kola</i> istoznačnica je za oklopna bojna (ratna) vozila (<a href="/wiki/Tenk" title="Tenk">tenkove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samohodno_topni%C5%A1tvo" title="Samohodno topništvo">samohodne topove</a>, oklopne automobile). Kola na životinjsku vuču imaju najčešće 4 kotača na 2 osovine; prednja <a href="/wiki/Osovina" title="Osovina">osovina</a>, s kojom je povezano rudo, pokretna je, čime je omogućeno upravljanje kolima na zavojima. Rjeđa su kola s 2 kotača (antička bojna i trkaća kola, moderna <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sportska</a> trkaća kola). Kola za prijevoz ljudi imaju redovito <a href="/wiki/Opruga" title="Opruga">opruge</a> koje ublažavaju trešnju pri vožnji. Kotači su najčešće <a href="/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal)">drveni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okov (stranica ne postoji)">okovani</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željeznim</a> obručem (naplatkom, gobeljom), sa zrakastim (radijalnim) žbicama. Tako oblikovani pojavili su se već u <a href="/wiki/Antika" title="Antika">antičko doba</a>, iako su najstariji bili od punoga drva, pločasti, poput diska. Takvi puni kotači u uporabi su još i danas u mnogim, uglavnom nerazvijenim zemljama, najčešće na <a href="/wiki/Poljoprivreda" title="Poljoprivreda">poljoprivrednim</a> imanjima.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vodeničko_kolo"><span id="Vodeni.C4.8Dko_kolo"></span>Vodeničko kolo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Vodeničko kolo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vodeničko kolo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Vodeni%C4%8Dko_kolo" title="Vodeničko kolo">Vodeničko kolo</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Vodeničko kolo</b> je najstariji <a href="/wiki/Strojevi" title="Strojevi">uređaj</a> za pretvorbu <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energije</a> <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hidroenergija" title="Hidroenergija">hidroenergija</a>) u <a href="/wiki/Mehanika" title="Mehanika">mehaničku</a> energiju. Pogonska <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sila</a> vodeničkog kola nastaje ili zbog <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEina" title="Težina">težine</a> vode ili zbog pre<a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> zastoja vode, a ne kao rezultat promjene <a href="/wiki/Koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" title="Količina gibanja">količine gibanja</a>, te se vodenička kola ne smatraju <a href="/wiki/Vodna_turbina" title="Vodna turbina">vodnim turbinama</a>. Vodeničko kolo se sastoji od okruglog drvenog ili metalnog okvira, na čijem okviru se nalazi veliki broj lopatica, koje služe za pogon. <a href="/wiki/Osovina" title="Osovina">Osovina</a> je uglavnom vodoravno ugrađena. Prijenos snage može biti direktno preko <a href="/wiki/Osovina" title="Osovina">osovine</a>, preko <a href="/wiki/Zup%C4%8Danik" title="Zupčanik">zupčastog prijenosnika</a> ili preko <a href="/wiki/Remenski_prijenos" title="Remenski prijenos">remena i remenice na osovini</a>. Već tisućama godina voda u pokretu okreće vodenička kola u <a href="/wiki/Mlin" title="Mlin">mlinovima</a>. To se okretanje prenosi na <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDrvanj" title="Žrvanj">žrvanj</a>, u kojem se zrna <a href="/wiki/Kukuruz" title="Kukuruz">kukuruza</a> ili <a href="/wiki/P%C5%A1enica" title="Pšenica">pšenice</a> drobe u <a href="/wiki/Bra%C5%A1no" title="Brašno">brašno</a>. Godine 1086. napisana je velika knjiga "<a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>" u <a href="/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska">Engleskoj</a>. U toj knjizi, napisanoj po zahtjevu <a href="/wiki/Vilim_I._Osvaja%C4%8D" title="Vilim I. Osvajač">Vilima I. Osvajača</a>, bila su popisana vlasništva nad zemljištima i nekretninama u svrhu ubiranja <a href="/wiki/Porez" title="Porez">poreza</a>. Prema toj knjizi na jugu Engleske postojalo je 5 624 <a href="/wiki/Mlin" title="Mlin">vodenica</a>. Oko 400 ljudi koristilo se jednom vodenicom. Voda može teći preko drvenog <a href="/wiki/Kota%C4%8D" title="Kotač">kotača</a>, ispod kotača ili u tijelo kotača. Ako voda teče preko drvenog kotača, tada do izražaja dolazi <a href="/wiki/Potencijalna_energija" title="Potencijalna energija">potencijalna energija</a> vode. Drugim riječima, iskorištava se mogućnost (potencijal) da voda teče s veće visine naniže. Ako voda teče ispod kotača, tada voda na kolo prenosi svoju <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičku energiju</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vitlo">Vitlo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Vitlo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vitlo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Vitlo" title="Vitlo">Vitlo</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Vitlo</b> je <a href="/wiki/Ure%C4%91aj" class="mw-redirect" title="Uređaj">uređaj</a> kojim se <a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEe" title="Uže">uže</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Lanac" title="Lanac">lanac</a> namata na vodoravni ili okomiti bubanj, pogonski užetnik ili <a href="/wiki/Lan%C4%8Dani_prijenos" title="Lančani prijenos">lančano kolo</a> i pritom nešto povlači, diže, napinje ili drugo. Vitla dolaze u najrazličitijim izvedbama, imaju široku primjenu te su sastavni dio svih <a href="/wiki/Dizalica" title="Dizalica">dizalica</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDi%C4%8Dara" title="Žičara">žičara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizalo" title="Dizalo">dizala</a> (liftova) i sličnih uređaja. Posebnu skupinu tvore <a href="/wiki/Brod" title="Brod">brodska</a> teretna, sidrena, pritezna i vučna vitla, najčešće smještena na pramcu i krmi broda. Pogon može biti ručni, ili <a href="/wiki/Motor" title="Motor">motorni</a> (električni, hidraulički, motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem), s jednostrukim ili dvostrukim prijenosom preko ravnih i stožastih <a href="/wiki/Zup%C4%8Danik" title="Zupčanik">zupčanika</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%BEni_prijenos" title="Pužni prijenos">pužnoga kola</a>. Ručnim vitlima ostvaruju se vlačne <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a> do 50 <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">kN</a> (na primjer okomito dizanje <a href="/wiki/Teret" class="mw-disambig" title="Teret">tereta</a> od 5 tona), a motornima i višestruko veće. Osim pogonskoga stroja, prijenosnih zupčanika i bubnja s užetom, sastavni su dijelovi vitala <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dnice" title="Kočnice">kočnice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spojka" title="Spojka">spojke</a> i sigurnosni uređaji protiv pada tereta i prekoračenja dopuštene visine dizanja. Jednostavno priručno vitlo sastoji se od dva <a href="/wiki/Kolotur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolotur">kolotura</a> različitih <a href="/wiki/Polumjer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polumjer">polumjera</a>, međusobno čvrsto spojenih zajedničkom osovinom. Veći kolotur, oko kojega je namotano uže za potezanje, naziva se kolo, a manji, produžen u obliku valjka na koje se namata uže s teretom, naziva se vreteno. Sila potezanja razmjerno je manja u odnosu na silu u teretnom užetu prema omjeru polumjera vretena i kola. Vitlom se kadšto naziva naprava za namatanje kakve uzice ili niti pređe (također motovilo).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poluga">Poluga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Poluga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poluga"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Poluga" title="Poluga">Poluga</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Poluga</b> je čvrsto tijelo, najčešće u obliku ravna ili zakrivljena štapa, koje se pod utjecajem <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sila</a> može zakretati oko jedne <a href="/wiki/Os" title="Os">osi</a>. Sile koje djeluju na polugu u <a href="/wiki/Ravnina" title="Ravnina">ravnini</a> okomitoj na os mogućega zakretanja, pomnožene s udaljenostima njihova pravca djelovanja od osi (<b>krak sile</b>), daju <a href="/wiki/Moment_sile" title="Moment sile">momente sile</a>, koji su to veći što je i udaljenost veća. Poluga je u <a href="/wiki/Ravnote%C5%BEa_(mehanika)" title="Ravnoteža (mehanika)">ravnoteži</a> kada je <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebarski</a> <a href="/wiki/Zbroj" title="Zbroj">zbroj</a> svih momenata koji djeluju na polugu jednak nuli (<b>zakon poluge</b>). Djelovanjem male sile na velikom kraku mogu se ostvariti na malom kraku velike sile i obrnuto. Time se razmjerno malim silama mogu svladati velika opterećenja, a na tom principu djeluju različiti <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alati</a> (škare, kliješta), <a href="/wiki/Naprava" title="Naprava">naprave</a> (polužna <a href="/wiki/Vaga" title="Vaga">vaga</a>, kantar, pedala ili papučica, stezna poluga) ili složeniji mehanizmi, kod osjetljivih pak sprava, na primjer kod <a href="/wiki/Pinceta" title="Pinceta">pincete</a> (ponekad se naziva i poluga trećeg reda), može se od veće sile postići manja. Poluga može biti dvokraka (poluga prvoga reda), kod koje sile djeluju na suprotnim stranama od osi zakretanja, ili jednokraka (poluga drugoga reda), gdje su sve sile s jedne strane u odnosu na os. Postavljanje zakona poluge pripisuje se grčkom matematičaru i izumitelju <a href="/wiki/Arhimed" title="Arhimed">Arhimedu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polužna_vaga"><span id="Polu.C5.BEna_vaga"></span>Polužna vaga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Polužna vaga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Polužna vaga"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Vaga" title="Vaga">Vaga</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Polužna vaga</b>, <b>obična vaga</b> ili <b>vaga jednakih krakova</b> u stvari je <a href="/wiki/Poluga" title="Poluga">poluga</a> jednakih krakova. Na krajevima krakova nalaze se zdjelice za <a href="/wiki/Teret" class="mw-disambig" title="Teret">teret</a> i <a href="/wiki/Uteg" title="Uteg">uteg</a>. Prema tome, za polužnu vagu vrijedi isti uvjet ravnoteže kao i za običnu polugu. Uvjet za ravnotežu na poluzi je da <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebarski</a> <a href="/wiki/Zbroj" title="Zbroj">zbroj</a> <a href="/wiki/Moment_sile" title="Moment sile">momenata sile</a> bude jednak nuli. Taj uvjet ravnoteže vrijedi bez obzira da li na poluzi djeluju dvije sile ili više njih" </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{1}=F_{1}\cdot D_{1}=F_{2}\cdot D_{2}=M_{2}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{1}=F_{1}\cdot D_{1}=F_{2}\cdot D_{2}=M_{2}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03175e66aa4c7d62d059125c064f7b24bcbc12e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:30.325ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{1}=F_{1}\cdot D_{1}=F_{2}\cdot D_{2}=M_{2}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ako na takvo kruto tijelo na udaljenostima <i>D<sub>1</sub></i> i <i>D<sub>2</sub></i> (krakovi vage) djeluju težine <i>F<sub>1</sub></i> i <i>F<sub>2</sub></i>, ono će biti u ravnoteži kada je F<sub>1</sub>D<sub>1</sub> = F<sub>2</sub>D<sub>2</sub> (<b>zakon poluge</b>). Kako je težina <i>F = mg</i>, gdje je <i>m</i> masa, a <i>g</i> <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanje</a> (akceleracija) <a href="/wiki/Sila_te%C5%BEe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sila teže">sile teže</a>, slijedi: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{1}\cdot D_{1}=m_{2}\cdot D_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{1}\cdot D_{1}=m_{2}\cdot D_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f608fabe40bd806e56e920d78ef9e557d905ac95" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.603ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{1}\cdot D_{1}=m_{2}\cdot D_{2}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>te se tako vaganjem, to jest usporedbom s normiranim utezima, može odrediti <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> predmeta koji se važe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vage_nejednakih_krakova">Vage nejednakih krakova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Vage nejednakih krakova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vage nejednakih krakova"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ako su krakovi jednaki, mase se uspoređuju izravno, inače vrijedi: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{2}=m_{1}\cdot {\frac {D_{1}}{D_{2}}}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{2}=m_{1}\cdot {\frac {D_{1}}{D_{2}}}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2e63683f9809302d8079542753d631a818f9dd5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:15.362ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{2}=m_{1}\cdot {\frac {D_{1}}{D_{2}}}\ }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Vaga u kojoj je omjer krakova <i>D<sub>1</sub>/D<sub>2</sub></i> = 1/10 naziva se <b>decimalnom vagom</b>, a ako je <i>D<sub>1</sub>/D<sub>2</sub></i> = 1/100 <b>centezimalnom vagom</b>. Takve vage uspoređuju masu tereta s deset puta, odnosno sto puta manjom masom utega i služe za mjerenje većih tereta (od nekoliko desetaka <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilograma</a> do nekoliko <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">tona</a> kod <a href="/wiki/Mosna_vaga" title="Mosna vaga">mosne ili kolne vage</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidraulična_preša"><span id="Hidrauli.C4.8Dna_pre.C5.A1a"></span>Hidraulična preša</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Hidraulična preša" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hidraulična preša"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dka_pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidraulička preša">Hidraulička preša</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Hidraulična preša</b> ili <b>hidraulička preša</b> je <a href="/wiki/Ure%C4%91aj" class="mw-redirect" title="Uređaj">uređaj</a> s pomoću kojega se mogu proizvesti vrlo velike <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a> tlačenja, dizanja, probijanja, oblikovanja i slično. Sastoji se od dvaju međusobno spojenih <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dki_cilindar" title="Hidraulički cilindar">cilindara</a>, ispunjenih tekućinom. Hidraulična preša djeluje na principu jednakoga širenja <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> na sve strane u <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87ina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekućina">tekućinama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pascalov_zakon" title="Pascalov zakon">Pascalov zakon</a>). Tlak u malome cilindru nastaje zbog gibanja malog <a href="/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja">klipa</a>, koji se pomiče ručno preko poluge ili <a href="/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor">elektromotorom</a>. Tlak proizveden u malome cilindru prenosi se u veliki cilindar, gdje djeluje na veliki klip. Tlakovi su u oba cilindra jednaki, ali zbog različitih promjera klipova sile su na klipovima i brzine pomicanja klipova različite. Sila koja podiže veliki klip onoliko je puta veća od sile kojom mali klip pritišće tekućinu koliko je <a href="/wiki/Povr%C5%A1ina" title="Površina">površina</a> presjeka velikog klipa veća od površine presjeka malog klipa. Brzine pomicanja klipova obrnuto su proporcionalne površinama klipova, to jest hod velikoga klipa onoliko je puta manji od hoda maloga klipa koliki je omjer površine presjeka klipova. Dio je hidraulične preše i spremnik tekućine, iz kojega pumpa (mali cilindar), preko <a href="/wiki/Nepovratni_ventil" title="Nepovratni ventil">nepovratnoga ventila</a> siše tekućinu za dizanje velikoga klipa, u koji se tekućina vraća posebnim vodom kada se klip spušta. Kao radna tekućina danas se najčešće upotrebljava ulje ili emulzija ulja s vodom (<a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dki_fluid" title="Hidraulički fluid">hidraulički fluid</a>). Male prijenosne hidraulične preše služe kao dizalice za automobile, ali se izrađuju i za sile dizanja veće od 1 000 000 <a href="/wiki/Njutn" title="Njutn">N</a>. Stabilne hidraulične preše služe kao dizalice (na primjer u autoservisima) i kao <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Preša">preše</a> u mnogim granama industrije. Hidraulične preše imaju svestranu primjenu, ali im je nedostatak mala radna <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kolotur_i_koloturnik">Kolotur i koloturnik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Kolotur i koloturnik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kolotur i koloturnik"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članci o temama: <a href="/wiki/Kolotur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolotur">Kolotur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Koloturnik" title="Koloturnik">Koloturnik</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Kolotur</b> je kotač koji služi za prijenos gibanja ili djelovanja sile uz pomoć <a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEe" title="Uže">užeta</a> (remena, <a href="/wiki/Lan%C4%8Dani_prijenos" title="Lančani prijenos">lanca</a>) prebačena preko njegova užlijebljena oboda. Čvrsti kolotur ima nepomičnu osovinu i služi za promjenu smjera djelovanja sile. Pomični kolotur ima pomičnu osovinu; njime se može držati teret u <a href="/wiki/Ravnote%C5%BEa_(mehanika)" title="Ravnoteža (mehanika)">ravnoteži</a> s upola manjom silom, jer se djelovanje tereta raspodjeljuje na dva užeta. Koloturnik je sustav kolotura različitih izvedbi, a služi za dizanje velikog tereta malom silom (natezanjem užeta) uz produljenje puta. <b>Potencijalni koloturnik</b> sastoji se od jednoga čvrstog i nekoliko pomičnih kolotura; svaki pomični kolotur umanjuje upola silu potrebnu za uravnoteženje težine tereta. Naziv potencijalni potječe odatle što sila potrebna za ravnotežu opada s <a href="/wiki/Potenciranje" title="Potenciranje">potencijom</a> broja 2. <b>Arhimedov koloturnik</b> sustav je od nekoliko kolotura različitih veličina, od kojih je polovica nepomična i povezana, dok su preostali također međusobno povezani, ali se zajedno pomiču. <b>Diferencijalni koloturnik</b> sastoji se od tri kolotura s užetom bez kraja. Dva kolotura različitih polumjera nalaze se na istoj osovini, dok je na trećem, pomičnom koloturu obješen teret.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kosina">Kosina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Kosina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kosina"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Kosina" title="Kosina">Kosina</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Kosina</b> je <a href="/wiki/Ravnina" title="Ravnina">ravnina</a> nagnuta pod oštrim <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kutom</a> prema horizontalnoj ravnini. Omogućuje podizanje tereta na neku visinu duljim putem, ali manjom silom od one koja bi bila potrebna za podizanje po okomici. Također, služila je za proučavanje <a href="/wiki/Jednoliko_ubrzano_gibanje_po_pravcu" title="Jednoliko ubrzano gibanje po pravcu">jednoliko ubrzanoga gibanja</a> tijela s <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanjem</a> koje je manje od ubrzanja <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">Zemljine sile teže</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a=g\cdot \sin \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a=g\cdot \sin \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9ef0fdc21d2b86a4f499f7d14303835bb73d476" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.854ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a=g\cdot \sin \alpha }"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>a</i> - <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanje</a> na kosini, <i>g</i> - <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijska_konstanta" title="Gravitacijska konstanta">ubrzanje sile teže</a>, a <i>α</i> - nagib kosine. </p><p>Budući da <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEina" title="Težina">težina</a> tijela uvijek djeluje okomito prema dolje, a da se tijelo na kosini ne može gibati u tome smjeru, težina se rastavlja na dvije komponente: komponentu okomitu na kosinu i paralelnu s njome. Okomita komponenta pritišće podlogu (podloga uzvraća silom suprotnoga smjera), a paralelna komponenta ubrzava tijelo niz kosinu i vrši rad ako je u tome ne ometaju druge sile (na primjer sila trenja). Uvjet je mirovanja tijela na kosini da je <a href="/wiki/Sila_trenja" class="mw-redirect" title="Sila trenja">sila trenja</a> jednaka paralelnoj komponenti težine tijela: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{tr}=G\cdot \sin \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{tr}=G\cdot \sin \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/645f626ad681f630b2d12291aca71eaaff9380a9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.397ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{tr}=G\cdot \sin \alpha }"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>α</i> - nagib kosine, a <i>G</i> - <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEina" title="Težina">težina</a> tijela.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klin">Klin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Klin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Klin"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Klin" title="Klin">Klin</a></div></i></div> <p>Klin je zaoštreno ili zašiljeno tijelo u obliku trokutaste <a href="/wiki/Prizma" title="Prizma">prizme</a>, najčešće od <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik">čelika</a>. Služi za uvećavanje primijenjene sile i promjenu smjera njezina djelovanja. Tijelo u koje se klin zasijeca pritišće okomito na njegove stranice. Sila <i>Q</i> može se svladati manjom silom <i>P</i> iznosa: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P=Q\cdot {tg}\alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P=Q\cdot {tg}\alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d4de4d9ee7c3b1f237058fce50d0bf9ef137f89c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.805ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P=Q\cdot {tg}\alpha }"></span></dd></dl> <p>ako je <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kut</a> između glavnih dviju <a href="/wiki/Ploha" class="mw-disambig" title="Ploha">ploha</a> <i>α</i> < 45°. Upotrebljava se najčešće za kalanje, <a href="/wiki/Rezanje" title="Rezanje">rezanje</a> i podizanje.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vijak">Vijak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Vijak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vijak"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">Vijak</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Vijak</b> je <a href="/wiki/Strojni_dio" title="Strojni dio">strojni dio</a> za rastavljivo spajanje dijelova ili za pretvaranje <a href="/wiki/Rotacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotacija">rotacijskoga gibanja</a> u <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">translacijsko</a>. Valjkasta je oblika, a duž cijele vanjske strane ili njezina dijela oblikovan je narezanim ili utisnutim <a href="/wiki/Navoj" title="Navoj">navojem</a>, to jest <a href="/wiki/Zavojnica" class="mw-disambig" title="Zavojnica">spiralnim užljebljenjem</a>, koje djeluje poput vješto izvedene kosine. Navoj se u obliku helikoidne linije ili uske plohe ravnomjernim nagibom ovija oko <a href="/wiki/Valjak" title="Valjak">cilindričnog</a> ili, rjeđe, blago <a href="/wiki/Sto%C5%BEac" title="Stožac">stožastoga</a> tijela i uspinje u smjeru kazaljke na satu (desni navoj) ili obrnuto (lijevi navoj). Prema namjeni, navoji imaju različite oblike poprečna presjeka (<a href="/wiki/Metri%C4%8Dki_navoj" title="Metrički navoj">trokutni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trapezni_navoj" title="Trapezni navoj">trapezni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilasti_navoj" title="Pilasti navoj">pilasti</a> i tako dalje), mogu biti jednovojni ili viševojni (dvovojni, trovojni), metarski ili colni (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Cijevni_navoj" title="Cijevni navoj">cijevni Whitworthov navoj</a>). Karakteristične veličine navoja jesu kut profila, teorijska i nosiva dubina, korak i drugo. Većinom su <a href="/wiki/Standard" title="Standard">standardizirani</a>, premda se iz različitih razloga izvode i izvan standarda. Pored tijela s navojem vijak je obično opremljen glavom različita oblika. Glava vijka najčešće je šesterostrana prizma, ali može biti i četverokutna, poluokrugla, valjkasta s ravnim ili upuštenim križem, šesterokutom (takozvani imbus-vijak) ili zvijezdom, potom lećasta, krilna, narovašena, očna ili stožasta (<a href="/wiki/Utor_na_glavi_vijka" title="Utor na glavi vijka">utor na glavi vijka</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vij%C4%8Dani_spoj" title="Vijčani spoj">Vijčani spojevi</a> izvode se vijkom i <a href="/wiki/Matica_(naprava)" title="Matica (naprava)">maticom</a> (glavi slično prizmatično tijelo s navojem unutar središnjega provrta), ili je vijak uvrnut u provrt s navojem jednog od tijela koje se spaja. Radi boljega nalijeganja ili radi sprječavanja samoodvrtanja, vijčanom se spoju ispod glave vijka ili ispod matice stavljaju obični i elastični <a href="/wiki/Podlo%C5%A1ka" title="Podloška">podlošci</a>. Često se upotrebljavaju i dvije matice zajedno, od kojih druga, bliža kraju (takozvana protumatica), služi kao <a href="/wiki/Osigura%C4%8D_(strojni_dio)" title="Osigurač (strojni dio)">osigurač</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dosjed" title="Dosjed">Dosjedni</a> vijci uz stezanje dijelova osiguravaju i njihov točan položaj. Struk je na dosjednoj površini gladak i <a href="/wiki/Bru%C5%A1enje" title="Brušenje">brušen</a>, a rupe <a href="/wiki/Razvrtanje" title="Razvrtanje">razvrtane</a>. Vijci za podešavanje imaju na kraju struka poseban izdanak, a služe za postavljanje dijelova u određen međusobni položaj. Usadni vijci uvrću se u jedan dio stroja, a nemaju glavu; obično se upotrebljavaju za spojeve kućišta, poklopaca i slično. Temeljni ili kotveni vijci povezuju glavne dijelove s postoljem ili temeljem, a izvedeni su ili kao vijci s glavom ili im je glava stožasto prizmatična, rasječena i povinuta, raskovana ili sploštena ili ima neki drugi, često nepravilan oblik koji osigurava dobro držanje kada se zalije u <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a> temelja. Posebna su oblika vijci za drvo, kojima je tijelo blago stožasto i završava kao šiljak. Oni se ubrajaju u samonarezne vijke, jer sami sebi narezuju navojnu rupu, odnosno ne trebaju maticu. Imaju širok navoj većeg uspona i upuštenu ili poluokruglu glavu s utorom. Na sličnom načelu djeluju i vijci za lim te vijci za plastiku, koji često imaju završetak tijela poput nareznoga svrdla. </p><p>Osim vijka kao elementa za spajanje, tako se nazivaju i druga tijela s više ili manje helikoidnim oblikom, na primjer <a href="/wiki/Brodski_vijak" title="Brodski vijak">brodski vijak</a> ili vijčani propeler, vijak za pretvaranje rotacijskoga gibanja u translacijsko (<a href="/wiki/Navojno_vreteno" title="Navojno vreteno">vreteno</a>) ili <a href="/wiki/Arhimedov_vijak" title="Arhimedov vijak">Arhimedov vijak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arhimedov_vijak">Arhimedov vijak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Arhimedov vijak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Arhimedov vijak"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Arhimedov_vijak" title="Arhimedov vijak">Arhimedov vijak</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Arhimedov vijak</b> je <a href="/wiki/Naprava" title="Naprava">naprava</a> koja se često tijekom povijesti upotrebljavala za premještanje <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a> u kanale za natapanje. To je jedan od <a href="/wiki/Izum" title="Izum">izuma</a> koji se pripisuje <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka">grčkom</a> misliocu <a href="/wiki/Arhimed" title="Arhimed">Arhimedu</a> iz 3. st. pr. Kr., iako postoji i druga teorija po kojoj su za ovaj izum zaslužni stanovnici <a href="/wiki/Babilon" title="Babilon">Babilona</a> prije Arhimeda, a postoji i pretpostavka da su se čuveni vrtovi Babilona natapali uz pomoć ovog tipa sisaljke. Osim toga, Arhimedov vijak je jedna od prvih poznatih <a href="/wiki/Sisaljka" title="Sisaljka">sisaljki</a> koje se spominju. <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">Stroj</a> je jednostavne konstrukcije, sastoji se od <a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">vijka</a> smještenog unutar <a href="/wiki/Cijev" title="Cijev">cijevi</a>. Vijak se okreće pokretan <a href="/wiki/Vjetrenja%C4%8Da" title="Vjetrenjača">vjetrenjačom</a> ili snagom čovjeka ili stoke. Okretanjem vijka, tekućina se giba po obodu vijka prema gore, sve dok ne dođe do vrha, gdje se izlijeva iz cijevi prema krajnjem odredištu. Poželjno je da između vijka i cijevi bude što manja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zra%C4%8Dnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zračnost (stranica ne postoji)">zračnost</a>, kako bi se smanjila propuštanja iz višeg u niži nivo. Gubici će također biti manji ako je veća <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a> okretanja vijka. </p><p>Izvedba Arhimedovog vijka može biti na dva načina, kod prve izvedbe se vijak okreće unutar cijevi koja je statična, a kod druge se vijak i cilindar okreću zajedno, te ne postoji relativno <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanje</a> između vijka i cijevi. Povijesni izvori govore o upotrebi drugog sustava u <a href="/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek">starom vijeku</a> u <a href="/wiki/Stara_Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Stara Grčka">Grčkoj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Rimsko Carstvo">Rimu</a>, a postoje i naznake da se upotrebljavao u <a href="/wiki/Babilonija" title="Babilonija">Babilonu</a> za vrijeme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabukodonozor_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabukodonozor II (stranica ne postoji)">Nabukodonosora drugog</a>. Tu se upotrebljavao ljudski rad pri okretanju kućišta u kojem je bio kruto spojeni vijak. </p><p>Danas se Arhimedov vijak upotrebljava za <a href="/wiki/Navodnjavanje" title="Navodnjavanje">navodnjavanje</a>, ali i za isušivanje. Česta je upotreba i u <a href="/wiki/Kanalizacija" title="Kanalizacija">kanalizacijskim sustavima</a> jer je vijak skoro neosjetljiv na krute nečistoće i mijenjanje količina koje prebacuje. Također, Arhimedov vijak je česta pojava u <a href="/wiki/Pokretna_traka" title="Pokretna traka">pokretnim trakama</a>, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribogojili%C5%A1te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribogojilište (stranica ne postoji)">ribogojilištima</a>, transportu žitarica i drugo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navojno_vreteno">Navojno vreteno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Navojno vreteno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Navojno vreteno"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Navojno_vreteno" title="Navojno vreteno">Navojno vreteno</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Navojno vreteno</b> (u <a href="/wiki/Strojarstvo" title="Strojarstvo">strojarstvu</a> često se naziva samo <b>vreteno</b>) je <a href="/wiki/Strojni_dio" title="Strojni dio">strojni dio</a> u obliku izduženoga <a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">vijka</a>, koji zajedno s pridruženim dijelovima pretvara <a href="/wiki/Rotacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotacija">vrtnju</a> (rotacijsko gibanje) u pravocrtno gibanje (translacija). Pri radu vreteno se vrti, a pripadno se tijelo s unutarnjim <a href="/wiki/Navoj" title="Navoj">navojem</a> (na primjer suport <a href="/wiki/Tokarenje" title="Tokarenje">tokarilice</a> ili tlačna ploča <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Preša">preše</a>) pomiče duž vretena (ravnocrtno translatira). Ponegdje tijelo s unutarnjim navojem miruje, a vreteno izvodi translaciju i rotaciju istodobno. Vretena se najčešće izvode s <a href="/wiki/Trapezni_navoj" title="Trapezni navoj">trapeznim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilasti_navoj" title="Pilasti navoj">pilastim</a> ili pravokutnim profilom navoja, koji imaju veće uspone, jače su opteretivi, pa prenose i veće aksijalne <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preša_ili_tijesak"><span id="Pre.C5.A1a_ili_tijesak"></span>Preša ili tijesak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Preša ili tijesak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Preša ili tijesak"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Preša">Preša</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Preša</b> ili <b>tijesak</b> (<a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik">njem</a>. <i>Presse</i> < srednjovj. <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat</a>. <i>pressa</i>, prema klas. lat. <i>pressus</i>: stisnut) je <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">stroj</a> za tiještenje, tiskanje, probijanje, sječenje, <a href="/wiki/Kovanje" title="Kovanje">kovanje</a> i druge vrste obradbâ kod kojih se primjenjuje velika <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sila</a> na razmjerno malenu putu. Namijenjena je ponajprije tlačnom opterećivanju obratka ili njegovoj <a href="/wiki/Deformacija" title="Deformacija">deformaciji</a> pravocrtnim gibanjem malja ili drugog <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alata</a> prema radnomu stolu. Jednostavna drvena preša s <a href="/wiki/Navojno_vreteno" title="Navojno vreteno">navojnim vretenom</a> od davnine je služila za cijeđenje <a href="/wiki/Gro%C5%BE%C4%91e" title="Grožđe">grožđa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulja" title="Ulja">uljarica</a> i slično, a prvi <a href="/wiki/Tiskarski_stroj" title="Tiskarski stroj">tiskarski strojevi</a> također su bili jednostavne preše kojima se drvena ploča sa slovima pritiskala na <a href="/wiki/Papir" title="Papir">papir</a>. Za potrebe obrta i industrije razvijen je niz preša različitih po konstrukciji, namjeni i pritisku. Prema izvedbi razlikuju se vretenasta, mehanička i <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dka_pre%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidraulička preša">hidraulička preša</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednostavni_stroj&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>kotač</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=33442">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>kola</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=32329">[2]</a>, "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>vitlo</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=64919">[3]</a>, "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>poluga</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=49280">[4]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>hidraulična preša</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=25374">[5]</a>, "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>kolotur</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=32488">[6]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>kosina</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=33319">[7]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>klin</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=32488">[8]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>vijak</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=64590">[9]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>vreteno</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=65468">[10]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>preša ili tijesak</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=50227">[11]</a>, "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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