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Members<sup><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-Voting_Members[34]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Analysis and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Board_of_Education&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Board of Education">New York City Board of Education</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Governing body of the New York City Department of Education</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Panel for Educational Policy of the Department of Education of the City School District of the City of New York<sup id="cite_ref-bylaws_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bylaws-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Board_of_Education_seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NYC_Board_of_Education_seal.jpg/220px-NYC_Board_of_Education_seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NYC_Board_of_Education_seal.jpg/330px-NYC_Board_of_Education_seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NYC_Board_of_Education_seal.jpg/440px-NYC_Board_of_Education_seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1827" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Former seal of the Board of Education</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Board overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding board</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">New York City Board of Education</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tweed_Courthouse" title="Tweed Courthouse">Tweed Courthouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key document</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schools.nyc.gov/about-us/leadership/panel-for-education-policy/pep-bylaws">Bylaws of the Panel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schools.nyc.gov/about-us/leadership/panel-for-education-policy">Panel for Educational Policy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Panel for Educational Policy of the Department of Education of the City School District of the City of New York</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-bylaws_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bylaws-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abbreviated as the <b>Panel for Educational Policy</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also known as the <b>New York City Board of Education</b>, is the governing body of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nacipucha_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nacipucha-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members of the board are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor</a>, by the five <a href="/wiki/Borough_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough President">borough presidents</a> and one each elected by the five borough's CEC presidents. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Board_(1842–2002)"><span id="Independent_Board_.281842.E2.80.932002.29"></span>Independent Board (1842–2002)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Independent Board (1842–2002)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New York State legislature established the New York City Board of Education in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayoral_Control_(2002–present)"><span id="Mayoral_Control_.282002.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Mayoral Control (2002–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mayoral Control (2002–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 30, 2002, Mayor Bloomberg secured authority over the schools from the New York State legislature, which began the era of "mayoral control" over the city schools. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> elaborates:<sup id="cite_ref-Nacipucha_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nacipucha-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>By chapter 91 of the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_New_York" title="Laws of New York">Laws of 2002</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">Education Law</a> was amended so as to radically restructure the governance of the school district of the City of New York. The amendment provided, among other things, that the Mayor of New York was empowered to appoint a Chancellor who would preside over a Board of Education which was to be expanded from 7 to 13 members, the majority of which were also to be appointed by the Mayor of the City of New York. Five Board members are selected by the Borough Presidents. Although that legislation itself made no specific reference to a "Department of Education of the City of New York," the bylaws subsequently adopted by the Board provide that this 13-member body "shall be known as the Panel for Educational Policy," which together with the Chancellor and other school employees is designated as the "Department of Education of the City of New York."</p></blockquote> <p>On June 30, 2009, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> declined to renew the mayor's full authority over the school system. In particular, State Senate Democratic leader <a href="/wiki/John_L._Sampson" title="John L. Sampson">John Sampson</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, opposed the extension of mayoral control. The authority reverted for a time to the Board of Education, but mayoral control was restored until 2015 in a vote on August 6, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual city agency running the schools remains the New York City Department of Education. </p><p>On January 29, 2021, two days after the January 27, 2021 panel meeting, Borough President James Oddo pulled Peter Calandrella, the Staten Island Representative to the Panel for Educational Policy, who was appointed to back in 2016, due to the fact that Mr. Calandrella voted against a contract extension for the administration of the controversial City Gifted & Talented exam. The borough president's statement mentioned the removal of Peter Calandrella was "not because of the substance of the vote, but because it went against what he, his staff and Calandrella had agreed on the night before". A letter from the entire panel was sent to Borough President Oddo requesting him to change his decision to remove Peter Calandrella from the PEP, however the removal was scheduled to be conducted on February 9, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 9, 2021, it was announced that Borough President Oddo had appointed Jaclyn Tacoronte, a local business owner, to replace Peter Calandrella.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members[9]"><span id="Members.5B9.5D"></span>Members<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Members[9]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 23<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_The_PEP_webpage_on_the_DOE_website_indicates_that_there_is_15_voting_members_however_it_looks_like_there_is_a_vacancy_for_a_mayoral_appointee."><b><a href="#ref_The_PEP_webpage_on_the_DOE_website_indicates_that_there_is_15_voting_members_however_it_looks_like_there_is_a_vacancy_for_a_mayoral_appointee.">^</a></b></span> members of the panel. Each of the five borough presidents appoints one member, every borough's CEC presidents elect one member each, and the remaining thirteen are appointed by the mayor. The chancellor is an ex-officio on the panel and with no voting power along with the student representatives on the panel.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting_Members">Voting Members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Voting Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aaron Bogad<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Staten Island Borough president appointee)</li> <li>Alan Ong<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Alice Ho<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Amy Fair<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Anita Garcia<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Anthony Giordano<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Dr. Angela Green<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Ephraim Zakry<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Queens CEC Presidents’ representative)</li> <li>Geneal Chacon<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Bronx Borough president appointee)</li> <li>Gladys Ward<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Gregory Faulkner<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Jessamyn Lee<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Brooklyn CEC Presidents’ representative)</li> <li>Dr. Kaliris Salas-Ramirez<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Manhattan Borough president appointee)</li> <li>Lily Chan<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Maisha Sapp<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Marjorie Dienstag<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Michelle Joseph<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Naveed Hasan<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Manhattan CEC Presidents’ representative)</li> <li>Phoebe Sade-Arnold<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee)</li> <li>Sheree Gibson<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Queens Borough president appointee)</li> <li>Tazin Azad<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Brooklyn Borough president appointee)</li> <li>Thomas Sheppard<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Bronx CEC Presidents’ representative)</li> <li>Venus Sze-Tsang<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Staten Island CEC Presidents' representative)</li> <li>Dr. Darling J. Miramey (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayoral</a> appointee) from Nov 18, 2024</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Voting_Members[34]"><span id="Non-Voting_Members.5B34.5D"></span>Non-Voting Members<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Non-Voting Members[34]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Aviles-Ramos" title="Melissa Aviles-Ramos">Melissa Aviles-Ramos</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Schools_Chancellor" title="New York City Schools Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Lander" title="Brad Lander">Brad Lander</a>, NYC Comptroller</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_criticism">Analysis and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Analysis and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, Panel for Educational Policy member Patrick Sullivan (who was appointed by then Manhattan Borough President <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stringer" title="Scott Stringer">Scott Stringer</a> in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) suggested changing the system to have only six mayoral appointees, and that appointees should have fixed terms; additionally, he stated "For us not to have the same role in our kids' education as people who live in the suburbs or <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">Middle America</a> is patronizing."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/28px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/42px-School.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/56px-School.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Schools" title="Portal:Schools">Schools portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_A._Lewis" title="Samuel A. Lewis">Samuel A. Lewis</a>, elected a member in 1868</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_New_York_City" title="History of education in New York City">History of education in New York City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Panel_for_Educational_Policy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bylaws-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bylaws_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bylaws_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schools.nyc.gov/about-us/leadership/panel-for-education-policy/pep-bylaws">"Bylaws of the Panel for Educational Policy of the Department of Education of the City School District of the City of New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bylaws+of+the+Panel+for+Educational+Policy+of+the+Department+of+Education+of+the+City+School+District+of+the+City+of+New+York&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schools.nyc.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fleadership%2Fpanel-for-education-policy%2Fpep-bylaws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City+Panel+for+Educational+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schools.nyc.gov/about-us/leadership/panel-for-education-policy">"PEP - Panel for Educational Policy"</a>. <i>web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web&rft.atitle=PEP+-+Panel+for+Educational+Policy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schools.nyc.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fleadership%2Fpanel-for-education-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City+Panel+for+Educational+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Education_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Education Law">Education Law</a> § 2590-b(a); "The board of education of the city school district of the city of New York is hereby continued. Such board of education shall consist of thirteen members: one member to be appointed by each borough president of the city of New York; seven members to be appointed by the mayor of the city of New York; and the chancellor. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.nycenet.edu/">New York City Board of Education/New York City Department of Education</a> (Archive) <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://205.232.145.43/">Archives in 1998</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City_DOE" title="Template:New York City DOE"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City_DOE" title="Template talk:New York City DOE"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City_DOE" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City DOE"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_City_Department_of_Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panel for Educational Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Schools_Athletic_League" title="Public Schools Athletic League">Public Schools Athletic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed_Courthouse" title="Tweed Courthouse">Tweed Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_School_Construction_Authority" title="New York City School Construction Authority">New York City School Construction Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialized_High_Schools_Admissions_Test" title="Specialized High Schools Admissions Test">Specialized High Schools Admissions Test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_elementary_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of public elementary schools in New York City">List of public elementary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City#The_Bronx" title="List of high schools in New York City">List of high schools in The Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City#Brooklyn" title="List of high schools in New York City">List of high schools in Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City#Manhattan" title="List of high schools in New York City">List of high schools in Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City#Queens" title="List of high schools in New York City">List of high schools in Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City#Staten_Island" title="List of high schools in New York City">List of high schools in Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_One" class="mw-redirect" title="School of One">School of One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment_School" title="Empowerment School">Empowerment Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specialized_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="Specialized high schools in New York City">Specialized<br />high schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_High_School_of_Science" title="Bronx High School of Science">Bronx HS of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_American_Studies" title="High School of American Studies">HS of American Studies at Lehman College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Latin_School" title="Brooklyn Latin School">Brooklyn Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Technical_High_School" title="Brooklyn Technical High School">Brooklyn Technical HS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School" title="Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School">Fiorello H. LaGuardia HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_for_Math,_Science_and_Engineering_at_City_College" title="High School for Math, Science and Engineering at City College">HS for Math, Science and Engineering at City College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_High_School" title="Stuyvesant High School">Stuyvesant HS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queens_High_School_for_the_Sciences" title="Queens High School for the Sciences">Queens HS for the Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Technical_High_School" title="Staten Island Technical High School">Staten Island Tech HS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Schools_Chancellor" title="New York City Schools Chancellor">Chancellors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Aviles-Ramos" title="Melissa Aviles-Ramos">Melissa Aviles-Ramos</a> (2024-Present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Banks" title="David C. Banks">David C. Banks</a> (2022–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meisha_Ross_Porter" title="Meisha Ross Porter">Meisha Ross Porter</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Carranza" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Carranza">Richard Carranza</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Fari%C3%B1a" title="Carmen Fariña">Carmen Fariña</a> (2014–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Walcott" title="Dennis Walcott">Dennis Walcott</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathie_Black" title="Cathie Black">Cathie Black</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Klein" title="Joel Klein">Joel Klein</a> (2002–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_O._Levy" title="Harold O. Levy">Harold O. Levy</a> (2000–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Crew" title="Rudy Crew">Rudy Crew</a> (1995–1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Federation_of_Teachers" title="United Federation of Teachers">United Federation of Teachers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_School_Supervisors_%26_Administrators" title="Council of School Supervisors & Administrators">Council of School Supervisors & Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">American Federation of Teachers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">National Education Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_United_Teachers" title="New York State United Teachers">New York State United Teachers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parents union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Parents_Union" title="New York City Parents Union">New York City Parents Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agostini_v._Felton" title="Agostini v. Felton">Agostini v. Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguilar_v._Felton" title="Aguilar v. Felton">Aguilar v. Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LatinoJustice_PRLDEF" title="LatinoJustice PRLDEF">Aspira v. N.Y. Board of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Fiscal_Equity" title="Campaign for Fiscal Equity">Campaign for Fiscal Equity, Inc. v. State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Education_v._Tom_F." title="New York City Board of Education v. Tom F.">New York City Board of Education v. Tom F.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorach_v._Clauson" title="Zorach v. Clauson">Zorach v. Clauson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsored</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Science_and_Engineering_Fair" title="New York City Science and Engineering Fair">New York City Science and Engineering Fair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not sponsored</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_school_boycott" title="New York City school boycott">New York City school boycott (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing!_(competition)" title="Sing! (competition)">Sing!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems used</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automate_the_Schools" title="Automate the Schools">Automate the Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-technology based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delaney_card" title="Delaney card">Delaney card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Teaching_Fellows" title="New York City Teaching Fellows">New York City Teaching Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reassignment_centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Reassignment centers">Reassignment centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absent_Teacher_Reserve" title="Absent Teacher Reserve">Absent Teacher Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In pop culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._B._J._Snyder" title="C. B. J. Snyder">C. B. J. Snyder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Hot_Ballroom" title="Mad Hot Ballroom">Mad Hot Ballroom</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7013135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7013135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7013135#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121822909">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149544305">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/530995/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79032074">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007570053905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/179258044">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6f51gvz">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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