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Epika – Wikipedie
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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Epika" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Epika" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Charakterizace_epiky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakterizace_epiky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Charakterizace epiky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charakterizace_epiky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dělení_epiky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dělení_epiky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dělení epiky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dělení_epiky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Epika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 36 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiek" title="Epiek – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Epiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik" title="Epik – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Epik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pica" title="Épica – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Épica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik_n%C3%B6v" title="Epik növ – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Epik növ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Эпас (род літаратуры) – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эпас (род літаратуры)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88pica" title="Èpica – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Èpica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiko" title="Epiko – cebuánština" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Epiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Эпос – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эпос" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik" title="Epik – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Epik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik" title="Epik – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Epik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – dolnolužická srbština" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="dolnolužická srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_literature" title="Epic literature – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Epic literature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika_%C4%9Denro" title="Epika ĝenro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Epika ĝenro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pica" title="Épica – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Épica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eepika" title="Eepika – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eepika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiikka" title="Epiikka – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Epiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95)" title="महाकाव्य (एपिक) – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महाकाव्य (एपिक)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Эпос – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эпос" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eepik" title="Eepik – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eepik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liroepika" title="Liroepika – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Liroepika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Епика – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Епика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiek" title="Epiek – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Epiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pica" title="Épica – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Épica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genul_epic" title="Genul epic – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Genul epic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Эпос (род литературы) – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эпос (род литературы)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epika" title="Epika – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Epika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik" title="Epik – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Epik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Героїчний епос – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Героїчний епос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1097273#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Epika" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Epika&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Epika"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Epika"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Epika" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Epika" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&oldid=23930224" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Epika&id=23930224&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEpika"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEpika"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Epika" hreflang="cs"><span>Wikicitáty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1097273" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><p><b>Epika</b>, také nazývaná <b>výpravná literatura</b> nebo <b>narativní literatura</b>, je <a href="/wiki/Liter%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_druh" title="Literární druh">literární druh</a>. Je založena na ději, vyprávění příběhu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Příběh v tomto smyslu znamená záznam událostí v čase, řadu <a href="/wiki/Kauzalita" title="Kauzalita">kauzálně</a> spojených prvků.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epika bývá vymezována vůči <a href="/wiki/Lyrick%C3%A1_poezie" title="Lyrická poezie">lyrice</a> a <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">dramatu</a>. Od lyriky se liší tím, že je <a href="/wiki/Sy%C5%BEet" title="Syžet">syžetová</a> (má dějové schéma). Od dramatu, které je rovněž syžetovým literárním druhem, se odlišuje tím, že je vyprávěná, nikoliv inscenovaná.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Je taktéž možné vycházet z předpokladu, že epika je žánrem objektivním, na rozdíl od subjektivní lyriky: zatímco v lyrice subjekt tematizuje sám sebe, v epických textech zprostředkovává objekty, o nichž se vypráví.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mezi epické žánry patří například <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n" title="Román">román</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novela_(literatura)" title="Novela (literatura)">novela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pov%C3%ADdka" title="Povídka">povídka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epos" title="Epos">epos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poh%C3%A1dka" title="Pohádka">pohádka</a>, ale také <a href="/wiki/Epick%C3%A1_poezie" title="Epická poezie">epická poezie</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Anekdota" class="mw-redirect" title="Anekdota">anekdota</a> a další. Pod epiku se řadí velké množství žánrů a neustále vznikají nové, v současnosti se jedná o nejoblíbenější literární druh.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Existují rovněž žánry lyrickoepické, na pomezí dvou literárních druhů. Patří mezi ně například <a href="/wiki/Balada" title="Balada">balada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romance" title="Romance">romance</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Idyla" title="Idyla">idyla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakterizace_epiky">Charakterizace epiky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Charakterizace epiky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Charakterizace epiky"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Již <a href="/wiki/Aristotel%C3%A9s" title="Aristotelés">Aristotelés</a> ve své <a href="/wiki/Poetika_(Aristotel%C3%A9s)" title="Poetika (Aristotelés)">Poetice</a> naznačuje dnešní dělení, když uvažuje o dramatu (<a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die" title="Tragédie">tragédii</a> a <a href="/wiki/Komedie" title="Komedie">komedii</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Hexametr" title="Hexametr">hexametrické</a> epické <a href="/wiki/Poezie" title="Poezie">poezii</a>, přičemž krátce zmiňuje také <a href="/wiki/Dithyrambos" title="Dithyrambos">dithyrambické básnictví</a>, které bychom mohli zařadit pod lyriku.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V současnosti obecně přijímaná triáda (epika, lyrika a drama) byla nicméně v této své podobě ustálena teprve na konci 18. století v Německu.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V průběhu historie se pak objevily různé další pokusy o vymezení či charakterizaci těchto literárních druhů. </p><p>Literární vědec <a href="/wiki/Emil_Staiger" title="Emil Staiger">Emil Staiger</a> spojuje v eseji <i>Základní pojmy poetiky</i> (1946) epický styl (epično) s představováním, lyrický styl (lyrično) s rozpomínáním a dramatický styl (dramatično) s napětím.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uvádí však, že každé pravé literární dílo se na všech třech druhových ideách různou podílí různou měrou, a neexistuje tedy ryze epický, lyrický nebo dramatický text.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na příkladu <a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%A9r" title="Homér">Homéra</a> a starořeckého básnictví upozorňuje na určité charakteristické rysy epického stylu v poezii. Jsou jimi podle něj stejnoměrnost a rovnováha (dodržování jednoho ustáleného <a href="/wiki/Metrum" title="Metrum">metra</a>), odstup vypravěče od dění, odkazování či ukazování něčeho (znázorňování určitých věcí jazykovými prostředky), jasná narýsovanost světa čili „jasnost“ epické řeči, spřízněnost s <a href="/wiki/V%C3%BDtvarn%C3%A9_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Výtvarné umění">výtvarným uměním</a>, užívání odboček a doplňků, sledování časové posloupnosti, historičnost a také vzájemnost básníka a posluchačů.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Staigerovo opomíjení žánru <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n" title="Román">románu</a>, v moderní době klíčového, a jeho zaměření pouze na homérskou epickou poezii nicméně kritizuje německý <a href="/wiki/Naratologie" title="Naratologie">naratolog</a> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Karl_Stanzel" title="Franz Karl Stanzel">Franz Karl Stanzel</a> v díle <i>Typické vyprávěcí situace románu</i> (1955). Za klíčový aspekt epiky považuje Stanzel právě zprostředkovanost děje prostřednictvím vypravěče či reflektora.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dělení_epiky"><span id="D.C4.9Blen.C3.AD_epiky"></span>Dělení epiky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Dělení epiky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Dělení epiky"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jedním z možných pomocných dělení epických <a href="/wiki/Liter%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_%C5%BE%C3%A1nr" title="Literární žánr">žánrů</a> je rozlišování na takzvanou „velkou epiku“ (<a href="/wiki/Epos" title="Epos">epos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n" title="Román">román</a>), „střední epiku“ (<a href="/wiki/Pov%C3%ADdka" title="Povídka">povídka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novela_(literatura)" title="Novela (literatura)">novela</a>) a „malou či drobnou epiku“ (<a href="/wiki/Bajka" title="Bajka">bajka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anekdota" class="mw-redirect" title="Anekdota">anekdota</a>). Někdy bývá rozeznávána ještě „věcná epika“ na pomezí <a href="/wiki/Beletrie" title="Beletrie">beletrie</a> a publicistiky či odborné literatury (<a href="/wiki/Cestopis" title="Cestopis">cestopis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Report%C3%A1%C5%BE" title="Reportáž">reportáž</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zpr%C3%A1va" title="Zpráva">zpráva</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epika&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_%C5%A0id%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Šidák (stránka neexistuje)">ŠIDÁK, Pavel</a>. <i>Úvod do studia genologie: teorie literárního žánru a žánrová krajina</i>. Praha: Akropolis, 2013. 325 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-7470-040-8" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-7470-040-8"><span class="ISBN">978-80-7470-040-8</span></a></span>. S. 40.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=%C3%9Avod+do+studia+genologie%3A+teorie+liter%C3%A1rn%C3%ADho+%C5%BE%C3%A1nru+a+%C5%BE%C3%A1nrov%C3%A1+krajina&rft.isbn=978-80-7470-040-8&rft.aulast=%C5%A0id%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Akropolis&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=325&rft.pages=40"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Posp%C3%AD%C5%A1il" title="Ivo Pospíšil">POSPÍŠIL, Ivo</a>. <i>Literární genologie</i>. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2014. 118 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-210-6894-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-210-6894-0"><span class="ISBN">978-80-210-6894-0</span></a></span>. S. 21.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Liter%C3%A1rn%C3%AD+genologie&rft.isbn=978-80-210-6894-0&rft.aulast=Posp%C3%AD%C5%A1il&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft.place=Brno&rft.pub=Masarykova+univerzita&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=118&rft.pages=21"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Petr%C5%AF" title="Eduard Petrů">PETRŮ, Eduard</a>. <i>Úvod do studia literární vědy</i>. Olomouc: Rubico, 2000. 187 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-85839-44-9" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-85839-44-9"><span class="ISBN">978-80-85839-44-9</span></a></span>. S. 75.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=%C3%9Avod+do+studia+liter%C3%A1rn%C3%AD+v%C4%9Bdy&rft.isbn=978-80-85839-44-9&rft.aulast=Petr%C5%AF&rft.aufirst=Eduard&rft.place=Olomouc&rft.pub=Rubico&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=187&rft.pages=75"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Hrab%C3%A1k" title="Josef Hrabák">HRABÁK, Josef</a>. <i>Poetika</i>. Praha: Československý spisovatel, 1973. 332 s.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Poetika&rft.aulast=Hrab%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=%C4%8Ceskoslovensk%C3%BD+spisovatel&rft.date=1973&rft.tpages=332"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hrabák (1973), s. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Petrů (2000), s. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">ARISTOTELES. <i>Poetika</i>. Praha: OIKOYMENH, 2008. 289 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-7298-131-1" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-7298-131-1"><span class="ISBN">978-80-7298-131-1</span></a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Poetika&rft.isbn=978-80-7298-131-1&rft.aulast=Aristoteles&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=OIKOYMENH&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=289"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Staiger" title="Emil Staiger">STAIGER, Emil</a>. <i>Poetika, interpretace, styl</i>. Praha: Triáda, 2008. 345 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-86138-94-7" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-86138-94-7"><span class="ISBN">978-80-86138-94-7</span></a></span>. S. 32.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Poetika%2C+interpretace%2C+styl&rft.isbn=978-80-86138-94-7&rft.aulast=Staiger&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Tri%C3%A1da&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=345&rft.pages=32"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steiger (2008), s. 34, 78, 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steiger (2008), s. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Staiger (2008), s. 78-110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Karl_Stanzel" title="Franz Karl Stanzel">STANZEL, Franz Karl</a>. <i>Die typischen Erzählsituationen im Roman</i>. Wien, Stuttgart: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1955. 176 s. S. 3–4.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Die+typischen+Erz%C3%A4hlsituationen+im+Roman&rft.aulast=Stanzel&rft.aufirst=Franz+Karl&rft.place=Wien%2C+Stuttgart&rft.pub=Wilhelm+Braum%C3%BCller&rft.date=1955&rft.tpages=176&rft.pages=3%E2%80%934"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Petrů (2000), s. 75-85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pospíšil (2014), s. 24-25.</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 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