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gravitation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: gravitation"> <meta name="keywords" content="gravitation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="gravitation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 13</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: gravitation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Causes for the Precession of the Perihelion in the Planetary Orbits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwan%20U.%20Kim">Kwan U. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Sim"> Jin Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryong%20Jin%20Jang"> Ryong Jin Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Duk%20Kim"> Sung Duk Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is Leverrier that discovered the precession of the perihelion in the planetary orbits for the first time in the world, while it is Einstein that explained the astronomical phenomenom for the first time in the world. The amount of the precession of the perihelion for Einstein’s theory of gravitation has been explained by means of the inverse fourth power force(inverse third power potential) introduced totheory of gravitation through Schwarzschild metric However, the methodology has a serious shortcoming that it is impossible to explain the cause for the precession of the perihelion in the planetary orbits. According to our study, without taking the cause for the precession of the perihelion, 6 methods can explain the amount of the precession of the perihelion discovered by Leverrier. Therefore, the problem of what caused the perihelion to precess in the planetary orbits must be solved for physics because it is a profound scientific and technological problem for a basic experiment in construction of relativistic theory of gravitation. The scientific solution to the problem proved that Einstein’s explanation for the planetary orbits is a magic made by the numerical expressions obtained from fictitious gravitation introduced to theory of gravitation and wrong definition of proper time The problem of the precession of the perihelion seems solved already by means of general theory of relativity, but, in essence, the cause for the astronomical phenomenon has not been successfully explained for astronomy yet. The right solution to the problem comes from generalized theory of gravitation. Therefore, in this paper, it has been shown that by means of Schwarzschild field and the physical quantities of relativistic Lagrangian redflected in it, fictitious gravitation is not the main factor which can cause the perihelion to precess in the planetary orbits. In addition to it, it has been shown that the main factor which can cause the perihelion to precess in the planetary orbits is the inverse third power force existing really in the relativistic region in the Solar system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20third%20power%20force" title="inverse third power force">inverse third power force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precession%20of%20the%20perihelion" title=" precession of the perihelion"> precession of the perihelion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fictitious%20gravitation" title=" fictitious gravitation"> fictitious gravitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planetary%20orbits" title=" planetary orbits"> planetary orbits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192598/causes-for-the-precession-of-the-perihelion-in-the-planetary-orbits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Accelerated Expansion of a Matter-Antimatter Universe and Gravity as an Electromagnetic Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maarten%20J.%20Van%20der%20Burgt">Maarten J. Van der Burgt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A universe containing matter and antimatter can only exist when matter and antimatter repel each other. Such a system, where like attracts like and like repels unlike, will always expand. Calculations made for such a symmetric universe demonstrate that the expansion is consistent with Hubble’s law, the observed increase in the expansion velocity with time, the initial high acceleration and the foam structure of the universe. Conversely, these observations can be considered as proof for a symmetrical universe and for antimatter possessing a negative gravitational mass. A second proof can be found by reinterpreting the behavior of relativistic moving charged particles. Attributing their behavior to a charge defect of √(1-v2/c2) instead of to a mass defect of 1/√(1-v2/c2) makes it plausible that gravitation is an electromagnetic force, as already suggested by Feynman. This would automatically imply that antimatter has a negative gravitational mass. These proofs underpin the untenability of the Weak Equivalence Principle which states that in a gravitational field all structure less point-like particles follow the same path. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=celestial%20mechanics" title="celestial mechanics">celestial mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmology" title=" cosmology"> cosmology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitation%20astrophysics" title=" gravitation astrophysics"> gravitation astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=origin%20of%20structure" title=" origin of structure"> origin of structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miscellaneous%20%28matter%20and%20antimatter%29" title=" miscellaneous (matter and antimatter)"> miscellaneous (matter and antimatter)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57939/accelerated-expansion-of-a-matter-antimatter-universe-and-gravity-as-an-electromagnetic-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Discontinuous Spacetime with Vacuum Holes as Explanation for Gravitation, Quantum Mechanics and Teleportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantin%20Z.%20Leshan">Constantin Z. Leshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hole Vacuum theory is based on discontinuous spacetime that contains vacuum holes. Vacuum holes can explain gravitation, some laws of quantum mechanics and allow teleportation of matter. All massive bodies emit a flux of holes which curve the spacetime; if we increase the concentration of holes, it leads to length contraction and time dilation because the holes do not have the properties of extension and duration. In the limited case when space consists of holes only, the distance between every two points is equal to zero and time stops - outside of the Universe, the extension and duration properties do not exist. For this reason, the vacuum hole is the only particle in physics capable of describing gravitation using its own properties only. All microscopic particles must 'jump' continually and 'vibrate' due to the appearance of holes (impassable microscopic 'walls' in space), and it is the cause of the quantum behavior. Vacuum holes can explain the entanglement, non-locality, wave properties of matter, tunneling, uncertainty principle and so on. Particles do not have trajectories because spacetime is discontinuous and has impassable microscopic 'walls' due to the simple mechanical motion is impossible at small scale distances; it is impossible to 'trace' a straight line in the discontinuous spacetime because it contains the impassable holes. Spacetime 'boils' continually due to the appearance of the vacuum holes. For teleportation to be possible, we must send a body outside of the Universe by enveloping it with a closed surface consisting of vacuum holes. Since a material body cannot exist outside of the Universe, it reappears instantaneously in a random point of the Universe. Since a body disappears in one volume and reappears in another random volume without traversing the physical space between them, such a transportation method can be called teleportation (or Hole Teleportation). It is shown that Hole Teleportation does not violate causality and special relativity due to its random nature and other properties. Although Hole Teleportation has a random nature, it can be used for colonization of extrasolar planets by the help of the method called 'random jumps': after a large number of random teleportation jumps, there is a probability that the spaceship may appear near a habitable planet. We can create vacuum holes experimentally using the method proposed by Descartes: we must remove a body from the vessel without permitting another body to occupy this volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20of%20the%20Universe" title="border of the Universe">border of the Universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality%20violation" title=" causality violation"> causality violation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfect%20isolation" title=" perfect isolation"> perfect isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20jumps" title=" quantum jumps"> quantum jumps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259/discontinuous-spacetime-with-vacuum-holes-as-explanation-for-gravitation-quantum-mechanics-and-teleportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Calculating All Dark Energy and Dark Matter Effects Through Dynamic Gravity Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Kinney">Sean Kinney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1666, Newton created the Law of Universal Gravitation. And in 1915, Einstein improved it to incorporate factors such as time dilation and gravitational lensing. But currently, there is a problem with this “universal” law. The math doesn’t work outside the confines of our solar system. And something is missing; any evidence of what gravity actually is and how it manifest. This paper explores the notion that gravity must obey the law of conservation of energy as all other forces in this universe have been shown to do. Explaining exactly what gravity is and how it manifests itself. And looking at many different implications that would be created are explained. And finally, using the math of Dynamic Gravity to calculate Dark Energy and Dark Matter effects to explain all observations without the need of exotic measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title="gravity">gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20gravity" title=" dynamic gravity"> dynamic gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20matter" title=" dark matter"> dark matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20energy" title=" dark energy"> dark energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162095/calculating-all-dark-energy-and-dark-matter-effects-through-dynamic-gravity-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Calculating All Dark Energy and Dark Matter Effects through Dynamic Gravity Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Michael%20Kinney">Sean Michael Kinney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1666, Newton created the Law of Universal Gravitation. And in 1915, Einstein improved it to incorporate factors such as time dilation and gravitational lensing. But currently, there is a problem with this “universal” law. The math doesn’t work outside the confines of our solar system. And something is missing; any evidence of what gravity actually is and how it manifests. This paper explores the notion that gravity must obey the law of conservation of energy as all other forces in this universe have been shown to do. Explaining exactly what gravity is and how it manifests itself. And looking at many different implications that would be created are explained. And finally, use the math of Dynamic gravity to calculate Dark Energy and Dark Matter effects to explain all observations without the need for exotic measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20gravity" title="dynamic gravity">dynamic gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20matter" title=" dark matter"> dark matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20energy" title=" dark energy"> dark energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162838/calculating-all-dark-energy-and-dark-matter-effects-through-dynamic-gravity-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Einstein’s General Equation of the Gravitational Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benzian">A. Benzian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generalization of relativistic theory of gravity based essentially on the principle of equivalence stipulates that for all bodies, the grave mass is equal to the inert mass which leads us to believe that gravitation is not a property of the bodies themselves, but of space, and the conclusion that the gravitational field must curved space-time what allows the abandonment of Minkowski space (because Minkowski space-time being nonetheless null curvature) to adopt Riemannian geometry as a mathematical framework in order to determine the curvature. Therefore the work presented in this paper begins with the evolution of the concept of gravity then tensor field which manifests by Riemannian geometry to formulate the general equation of the gravitational field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertia" title="inertia">inertia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20of%20equivalence" title=" principle of equivalence"> principle of equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensors" title=" tensors"> tensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riemannian%20geometry" title=" Riemannian geometry"> Riemannian geometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113632/einsteins-general-equation-of-the-gravitational-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Analysis the Trajectory of the Spacecraft during the Transition to the Planet's Orbit Using Aerobraking in the Atmosphere of the Planet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaw%20Min%20Tun">Zaw Min Tun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper focuses on the spacecraft’s trajectory transition from interplanetary hyperbolic orbit to the planet’s orbit using the aerobraking in the atmosphere of the planet. A considerable mass of fuel is consumed during the spacecraft transition from the planet’s gravitation assist trajectory into the planet’s satellite orbit. To reduce the fuel consumption in this transition need to slow down the spacecraft’s velocity in the planet’s atmosphere and reduce its orbital transition time. The paper is devoted to the use of the planet’s atmosphere for slowing down the spacecraft during its transition into the satellite orbit with uncertain atmospheric parameters. To reduce the orbital transition time of the spacecraft is controlled by the change of attack angles’ values at the aerodynamic deceleration path and adjusting the minimum flight altitude of the spacecraft at the pericenter of the planet’s upper atmosphere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobraking" title="aerobraking">aerobraking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmosphere%20of%20the%20planet" title=" atmosphere of the planet"> atmosphere of the planet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20transition%20time" title=" orbital transition time"> orbital transition time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spacecraft%E2%80%99s%20trajectory" title=" Spacecraft’s trajectory"> Spacecraft’s trajectory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46717/analysis-the-trajectory-of-the-spacecraft-during-the-transition-to-the-planets-orbit-using-aerobraking-in-the-atmosphere-of-the-planet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Creation and Annihilation of Spacetime Elements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dnyanesh%20P.%20Mathur">Dnyanesh P. Mathur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20L.%20Slater"> Gregory L. Slater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gravitation and the expansion of the universe at a large scale are generally regarded as two completely distinct phenomena. Yet, in general, relativity theory, they both manifest as 'curvature' of spacetime. We propose a hypothesis which treats these two 'curvature-producing' phenomena as aspects of an underlying process. This process treats spacetime itself as composed of discrete units (Plancktons) and is 'dynamic' in the sense that these elements of spacetime are continually being both created and annihilated. It is these two complementary processes of Planckton creation and Planckton annihilation which manifest themselves as - 'cosmic expansion' on the one hand and as 'gravitational attraction’ on the other. The Planckton hypothesis treats spacetime as a perfect fluid in the same manner as the co-moving frame of reference of Friedman equations and the Gullstrand-Painleve metric; i.e.Planckton hypothesis replaces 'curvature' of spacetime by the 'flow' of Plancktons (spacetime). Here we discuss how this perspective may allow a unified description of both cosmological and gravitational acceleration as well as providing a mechanism for inducing an irreducible action at every point associated with the creation and annihilation of Plancktons, which could be identified as the zero point energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20spacetime" title="discrete spacetime">discrete spacetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20flow" title=" spacetime flow"> spacetime flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20point%20energy" title=" zero point energy"> zero point energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planktons" title=" planktons"> planktons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156001/creation-and-annihilation-of-spacetime-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Experimental Options for the Role of Dynamic Torsion in General Relativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Ravlich">Ivan Ravlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Linscott"> Ivan Linscott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sigrid%20Close"> Sigrid Close</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experimental search for spin coupling in General Relativity via torsion has been inconclusive. In this work, further experimental avenues to test dynamic torsion are proposed and evaluated. In the extended theory, by relaxing the torsion free condition on the metric connection, general relativity is reformulated to relate the spin density of particles to a new quantity, the torsion tensor. In torsion theories, the spin tensor and torsion tensor are related in much the same way as the stress-energy tensor is related to the metric connection. Similarly, as the metric is the field associated with the metric connection, fields can be associated with the torsion tensor resulting in a field that is either propagating or static. Experimental searches for static torsion have thus far been inconclusive, and currently, there have been no experimental tests for propagating torsion. Experimental tests of propagating theories of torsion are proposed utilizing various spin densities of matter, such as interfaces in superconducting materials and plasmas. The experimental feasibility and observable bounds are estimated, and the most viable candidates are selected to pursue in detail in a future work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20relativity" title="general relativity">general relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitation" title=" gravitation"> gravitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagating%20torsion" title=" propagating torsion"> propagating torsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20density" title=" spin density"> spin density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77296/experimental-options-for-the-role-of-dynamic-torsion-in-general-relativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Hawking Radiation of Grumiller Black </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherwan%20Kher%20Alden%20Yakub%20Alsofy">Sherwan Kher Alden Yakub Alsofy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider the relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation and study the Hawking radiation (HR) of scalar particles from uncharged Grumiller black hole (GBH) which is aﬀordable for testing in astrophysics. GBH is also known as Rindler modiﬁed Schwarzschild BH. Our aim is not only to investigate the eﬀect of the Rindler parameter A on the Hawking temperature (TH ), but to examine whether there is any discrepancy between the computed horizon temperature and the standard TH as well. For this purpose, in addition to its naive coordinate system, we study on the three regular coordinate systems which are Painlev´-Gullstrand (PG), ingoing Eddington- Finkelstein (IEF) and Kruskal-Szekeres (KS) coordinates. In all coordinate systems, we calculate the tunneling probabilities of incoming and outgoing scalar particles from the event horizon by using the HJ equation. It has been shown in detail that the considered HJ method is concluded with the conventional TH in all these coordinate systems without giving rise to the famous factor- 2 problem. Furthermore, in the PG coordinates Parikh-Wilczek’s tunneling (PWT) method is employed in order to show how one can integrate the quantum gravity (QG) corrections to the semiclassical tunneling rate by including the eﬀects of self-gravitation and back reaction. We then show how these corrections yield a modiﬁcation in the TH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ingoing%20Eddington" title="ingoing Eddington">ingoing Eddington</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Finkelstein" title=" Finkelstein"> Finkelstein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordinates%20Parikh-Wilczek%E2%80%99s" title=" coordinates Parikh-Wilczek’s"> coordinates Parikh-Wilczek’s</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamilton-Jacobi%20equation" title=" Hamilton-Jacobi equation"> Hamilton-Jacobi equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20508/hawking-radiation-of-grumiller-black" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Central Finite Volume Methods Applied in Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics: Applications in Disks and Jets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20de%20Oliveira%20Garcia">Raphael de Oliveira Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Rocha%20de%20Oliveira"> Samuel Rocha de Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have developed a new computer program in Fortran 90, in order to obtain numerical solutions of a system of Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics partial differential equations with predetermined gravitation (GRMHD), capable of simulating the formation of relativistic jets from the accretion disk of matter up to his ejection. Initially we carried out a study on numerical methods of unidimensional Finite Volume, namely Lax-Friedrichs, Lax-Wendroff, Nessyahu-Tadmor method and Godunov methods dependent on Riemann problems, applied to equations Euler in order to verify their main features and make comparisons among those methods. It was then implemented the method of Finite Volume Centered of Nessyahu-Tadmor, a numerical schemes that has a formulation free and without dimensional separation of Riemann problem solvers, even in two or more spatial dimensions, at this point, already applied in equations GRMHD. Finally, the Nessyahu-Tadmor method was possible to obtain stable numerical solutions - without spurious oscillations or excessive dissipation - from the magnetized accretion disk process in rotation with respect to a central black hole (BH) Schwarzschild and immersed in a magnetosphere, for the ejection of matter in the form of jet over a distance of fourteen times the radius of the BH, a record in terms of astrophysical simulation of this kind. Also in our simulations, we managed to get substructures jets. A great advantage obtained was that, with the our code, we got simulate GRMHD equations in a simple personal computer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20methods" title="finite volume methods">finite volume methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20schemes" title=" central schemes"> central schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fortran%2090" title=" fortran 90"> fortran 90</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relativistic%20astrophysics" title=" relativistic astrophysics"> relativistic astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet" title=" jet"> jet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19952/central-finite-volume-methods-applied-in-relativistic-magnetohydrodynamics-applications-in-disks-and-jets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Basic Properties of a Fundamental Particle: Behavioral-Physical and Visual Methods for the Study of Fundamental Particle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shukran%20M.%20Dadayev">Shukran M. Dadayev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To author's best knowledge, in this paper, the Basic Properties and Research methods of a Fundamental Particle is studied for the first time. That's to say, Fundamental Particle has not been discovered in the Nature yet. Because Fundamental Particle consists of specific Physical, Geometrical and Internal bases. Geometrical and Internal characteristics that are considered significant for the elementary and fundamental particles aren’t basic properties, characteristics or criteria of a Fundamental Particle. Of course, completely new Physical and Visual experimental methods of Quantum mechanics and Behavioral-Physical investigations of Particles are needed to study and discover the Fundamental Particle. These are new Physical, Visual and Behavioral-Physical experimental methods for describing and discovering the Fundamental Particle in the Nature and Microworld. Fundamental Particle consists of the same Energy-Mass-Motion system and a symmetry of Energy-Mass-Motion. Fundamental Particle supplies each of the elementary particles with the same Energy-Mass-Motion system at the same time and regulates each of the particles. Fundamental Particle gives Energy, Mass and Motion to each particles at the same time, each of the Particles consists of acquired Energy-Mass-Motion system and symmetry. Energy, Mass, Motion given by the Fundamental Particle to the particles are Symmetrical Equivalent and they remain in their primary shapes in all cases. Fundamental Particle gives Energy-Mass-Motion system and symmetry consisting of different measures and functions to each of the particles. The Motion given by the Fundamental Particle to the particles is Gravitation, Gravitational Interaction not only gives Motion, but also cause Motion by attracting. All Substances, Fields and Cosmic objects consist of Energy-Mass-Motion. The Field also includes specific Mass. They are always Energetic, Massive and Active. Fundamental Particle establishes the bases of the Nature. Supplement and Regulating of all the particles existing in the Nature belongs to Fundamental Particle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20properties%20of%20a%20fundamental%20particle" title="basic properties of a fundamental particle">basic properties of a fundamental particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral-physical%20and%20visual%20methods" title=" behavioral-physical and visual methods"> behavioral-physical and visual methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-mass-motion%20system%20and%20symmetrical%20equivalence" title=" energy-mass-motion system and symmetrical equivalence"> energy-mass-motion system and symmetrical equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20particle" title=" fundamental particle"> fundamental particle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94061/basic-properties-of-a-fundamental-particle-behavioral-physical-and-visual-methods-for-the-study-of-fundamental-particle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Specification and Unification of All Fundamental Forces Exist in Universe in the Theoretical Perspective – The Universal Mechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20Mund">Surendra Mund</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At the beginning, the physical entity force was defined mathematically by Sir Isaac Newton in his Principia Mathematica as F ⃗=(dp ⃗)/dt in form of his second law of motion. Newton also defines his Universal law of Gravitational force exist in same outstanding book, but at the end of 20th century and beginning of 21st century, we have tried a lot to specify and unify four or five Fundamental forces or Interaction exist in universe, but we failed every time. Usually, Gravity creates problems in this unification every single time, but in my previous papers and presentations, I defined and derived Field and force equations for Gravitational like Interactions for each and every kind of central systems. This force is named as Variational Force by me, and this force is generated by variation in the scalar field density around the body. In this particular paper, at first, I am specifying which type of Interactions are Fundamental in Universal sense (or in all type of central systems or bodies predicted by my N-time Inflationary Model of Universe) and then unify them in Universal framework (defined and derived by me as Universal Mechanics in a separate paper) as well. This will also be valid in Universal dynamical sense which includes inflations and deflations of universe, central system relativity, Universal relativity, ϕ-ψ transformation and transformation of spin, physical perception principle, Generalized Fundamental Dynamical Law and many other important Generalized Principles of Generalized Quantum Mechanics (GQM) and Central System Theory (CST). So, In this article, at first, I am Generalizing some Fundamental Principles, and then Unifying Variational Forces (General form of Gravitation like Interactions) and Flow Generated Force (General form of EM like Interactions), and then Unify all Fundamental Forces by specifying Weak and Strong Interactions in form of more basic terms - Variational, Flow Generated and Transformational Interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Central%20System%20Force" title="Central System Force">Central System Force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Disturbance%20Force" title=" Disturbance Force"> Disturbance Force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flow%20Generated%20Forces" title=" Flow Generated Forces"> Flow Generated Forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Generalized%20Nuclear%20Force" title=" Generalized Nuclear Force"> Generalized Nuclear Force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Generalized%20Weak%20Interactions" title=" Generalized Weak Interactions"> Generalized Weak Interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Generalized%20EM-Like%20Interactions" title=" Generalized EM-Like Interactions"> Generalized EM-Like Interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imbalance%20Force" title=" Imbalance Force"> Imbalance Force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spin%20Generated%20Forces" title=" Spin Generated Forces"> Spin Generated Forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Transformation%20Generated%20Force" title=" Transformation Generated Force"> Transformation Generated Force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unified%20Force" title=" Unified Force"> Unified Force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Universal%20Mechanics" title=" Universal Mechanics"> Universal Mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uniform%20And%20Non-Uniform%20Variational%20Interactions" title=" Uniform And Non-Uniform Variational Interactions"> Uniform And Non-Uniform Variational Interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Variational%20Interactions" title=" Variational Interactions"> Variational Interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169765/specification-and-unification-of-all-fundamental-forces-exist-in-universe-in-the-theoretical-perspective-the-universal-mechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> 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