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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Premier of Manitoba from 1988 to 1999</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gary+Filmon%22">"Gary Filmon"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gary+Filmon%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gary+Filmon%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gary+Filmon%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gary+Filmon%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gary+Filmon%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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Manitoba">OM</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">19th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">Premier of Manitoba</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 9, 1988 – October 5, 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Johnson_(Manitoba_politician)" title="George Johnson (Manitoba politician)">George Johnson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Dumont" title="Yvon Dumont">Yvon Dumont</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Peter_Liba" title="Peter Liba">Peter Liba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Deputy Premier of Manitoba">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glen_Cummings_(politician)" title="Glen Cummings (politician)">Glen Cummings</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Erwin_Downey" class="mw-redirect" title="James Erwin Downey">James Downey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Pawley" title="Howard Pawley">Howard Pawley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Doer" title="Gary Doer">Gary Doer</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_(electoral_district)" title="Tuxedo (electoral district)">Tuxedo</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/River_Heights_(electoral_district)" title="River Heights (electoral district)">River Heights</a>; 1979–1981)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 16, 1979 – September 18, 2000</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Spivak" title="Sidney Spivak">Sidney Spivak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heather_Stefanson" title="Heather Stefanson">Heather Stefanson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gary Albert Filmon</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1942-08-24</span>) </span>August 24, 1942<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 82)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Janice_Filmon" title="Janice Filmon">Janice Wainwright</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1963)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">Civil engineer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data">Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs (1981)<br />Minister of Environment (1981)<br />Leader of the Opposition (1983–1988 & 1999–2000)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gary Albert Filmon</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">OC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Manitoba" title="Order of Manitoba">OM</a></span></span> (born August 24, 1942) is a Canadian politician from <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> who served as the 19th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">premier of Manitoba</a>. He was the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba</a> from 1983 to 2000, and served as the premier from 1988 to 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-cdnenc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdnenc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Filmon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gary Albert Filmon was born in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba, to working-class parents,<sup id="cite_ref-premiers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-premiers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is of <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Canadians" title="Romanian Canadians">Romanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_Canadians" title="Polish Canadians">Polish</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadians" title="Ukrainian Canadians">Ukrainian</a> background.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Romanian father <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicized</a> the family name from <i>Filimon</i> to <i>Filmon</i> when he emigrated westward to Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filmon was educated at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a> and subsequently worked as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">civil engineer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cdnenc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdnenc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963, he married <a href="/wiki/Janice_Filmon" title="Janice Filmon">Janice Wainwright</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-premiers_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-premiers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Filmon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_politics">Municipal politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Filmon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Municipal politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filmon entered public life in 1975, being elected to the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_City_Council" title="Winnipeg City Council">Winnipeg City Council</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-cdnenc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdnenc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the next four years, Filmon was a member of Winnipeg's Independent Citizens' Election Committee, an unofficial alliance of centre-right Liberal and Progressive Conservative interests in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-premiers_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-premiers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_politics">Provincial politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Filmon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Provincial politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1979, Filmon won a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_by-elections#30th–39th_Legislatures_(1973–2011)" title="List of Manitoba by-elections">by-election</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a> in the riding of <a href="/wiki/River_Heights_(electoral_district)" title="River Heights (electoral district)">River Heights</a>, held after the resignation of former Tory leader <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Spivak" title="Sidney Spivak">Sidney Spivak</a>. On January 16, 1981, Filmon was appointed <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Consumer_and_Corporate_Affairs_(Manitoba)" title="Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs (Manitoba)">Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Environment_(Manitoba)" title="Minister of Environment (Manitoba)">Minister of Environment</a> in the government of <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Lyon" title="Sterling Lyon">Sterling Lyon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-premiers_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-premiers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lyon's Tories were defeated later in 1981 by the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic Party</a> under <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pawley" title="Howard Pawley">Howard Pawley</a>, though Filmon was re-elected in the new riding of <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_(electoral_district)" title="Tuxedo (electoral district)">Tuxedo</a>. He was elected to replace Lyon as party leader <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba_leadership_elections#1983_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_convention" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba leadership elections">in 1983</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/Brian_Ransom_(politician)" title="Brian Ransom (politician)">Brian Ransom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Manness" title="Clayton Manness">Clayton Manness</a> at a delegated convention. At the time, Filmon was considered to be on the party's progressive wing. Supporters of Ransom would later allege that Filmon's campaign team had sponsored Manness' candidacy as a means of splitting the conservative vote.<sup id="cite_ref-premiers_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-premiers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filmon's Tories narrowly lost the 1986 election, winning 26 seats against 30 for the NDP. This election was generally regarded as lacking in defining issues, and the two major parties were not seen as having many ideological divisions between them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Premiership">Premiership</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Filmon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Premiership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Howard Pawley's slender majority government fell in 1988 when disgruntled NDP backbencher <a href="/wiki/Jim_Walding" title="Jim Walding">Jim Walding</a> broke ranks and joined the opposition to vote down Pawley's budget. In the <a href="/wiki/1988_Manitoba_general_election" title="1988 Manitoba general election">subsequent election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Manitoba Liberal Party</a> rose from one seat to twenty, taking seats away from both the Tories and the NDP in the process. The NDP, led by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Doer" title="Gary Doer">Gary Doer</a> (Pawley had resigned after the writs were dropped), fell to 12 seats and third place. The Tories dropped to 25 seats, but nevertheless emerged as the largest party in the legislature. Filmon himself was almost defeated by a Liberal candidate in Tuxedo;<sup id="cite_ref-premiers_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-premiers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he survived by 123 votes. After the NDP agreed to tolerate a PC <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>, Filmon became Premier. </p><p>The 1988-1990 parliament was most notable for its debates on the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a>, which would have confirmed the <a href="/wiki/Distinct_society" title="Distinct society">distinct status of Quebec within Canada</a>. The Pawley government had supported this initiative, but Filmon was initially opposed to it, and the Manitoba assembly refused to ratify the treaty (rather to the embarrassment of <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">federal Tory</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>). Filmon eventually agreed to a compromise deal negotiated by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a> in 1990. However, he was a lukewarm supporter of the compromise at best, and it came to nothing when New Democratic MLA <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Harper" title="Elijah Harper">Elijah Harper</a> refused to grant unanimous consent for debate before the bill's deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-cdnenc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdnenc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Harper objected to the fact that the Accord did not recognize the rights of Indigenous peoples.) </p><p>In other matters, Filmon was closer to the policies of the Mulroney government. He supported the <a href="/wiki/CUSFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="CUSFTA">1987 free trade initiative</a>, and worked in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">Charlottetown Accord</a> (a successor to Meech Lake) in 1992. </p><p>Filmon called an <a href="/wiki/1990_Manitoba_general_election" title="1990 Manitoba general election">election in 1990</a>, and campaigned on the need for a majority government. Despite the increased unpopularity of the Mulroney government at the federal level, Filmon's Tories were able to win over many voters who had supported the Liberals in 1988. His party won thirty seats, and the NDP re-emerged as the official opposition with twenty. </p><p>While not an ideological conservative in the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, Filmon nonetheless presided over an austerity program of budget cuts. His government's measures resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balanced budget</a> in 1995, the province's first in 20 years. Filmon also permitted suburban regions to break away from the amalgamated city of <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, reversing the policies initiated by the <a href="/wiki/Edward_Schreyer" title="Edward Schreyer">Edward Schreyer</a> government in the early 1970s. In 1993, Filmon supported <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a>'s bid to lead the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</a> (<i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, 13 June 1993). </p><p>Despite government cuts to social programs and urban development, Filmon's Tories were able to retain their majority in <a href="/wiki/1995_Manitoba_general_election" title="1995 Manitoba general election">1995</a>, losing only one seat. This was due in part to the unpopularity of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>'s NDP government in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, and concerns that the Manitoba NDP would govern in a similar manner under Doer if elected. Subsequently, the Filmon government privatized the province's telephone system, mandated balanced budgets, and took actions limiting the power of teacher's and nurse's unions. While Filmon avoided the rhetoric of Ontario Premier <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris" title="Mike Harris">Mike Harris</a> (1995–2002), there were nevertheless strong similarities to the reforms instituted by these governments in the late 1990s. </p><p>In the late 1990s, the reputation of the Filmon government was damaged by a scandal involving <a href="/wiki/Vote_rigging" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote rigging">vote-rigging</a> in the 1995 election. A number of independent "aboriginal issues" candidates were alleged to have been commissioned by Progressive Conservative organizers to run in NDP ridings under the banner of <a href="/wiki/Independent_Native_Voice" title="Independent Native Voice">Independent Native Voice</a> in an attempt to split the left-of-centre vote. Filmon was not personally implicated, but a number of his senior aides were. Manitoba also experienced increased unemployment during this period, with Filmon's popularity suffering as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-cdnenc_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdnenc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notwithstanding these setbacks, Filmon sought a fourth mandate in <a href="/wiki/1999_Manitoba_general_election" title="1999 Manitoba general election">late 1999</a>. During this campaign, he announced that his government would undertake a further right-wing policy shift if re-elected. He promised half a billion dollars in new tax cuts, while claiming that he could simultaneously re-invest an identical amount into health and education. This announcement was greeted with skepticism from many voters, and the Tories lost to Doer's NDP by 32 seats to 24 (the Liberals were reduced to one seat, as many Liberal voters from 1995 shifted to the NDP). Filmon resigned as party leader in 2000, and stood down as an MLA in the same year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-political_career">Post-political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Filmon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filmon was appointed to the federal <a href="/wiki/Security_Intelligence_Review_Committee" title="Security Intelligence Review Committee">Security Intelligence Review Committee</a> on October 4, 2001, which necessitated an appointment to the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Queen's Privy Council for Canada</a>. He was promoted to chair of SIRC on June 24, 2005<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Paule_Gauthier" title="Paule Gauthier">Paule Gauthier</a>. </p><p>Filmon has also worked as a business consultant since his retirement from office. In 2003, he was commissioned by the government of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> to undertake a survey of forest fires in that province. On June 22, 2005, at the Annual General Meeting of the Exchange Industrial Income Fund (EIF.UN-X), Filmon was elected as the chairman of the board of trustees for the ensuing year. Filmon sat on the board of directors of Manitoba's public telephone utility, <a href="/wiki/Bell_MTS" title="Bell MTS">MTS</a>, from 2003 until his mandatory retirement in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2006, Filmon was considered to replace <a href="/wiki/Frank_McKenna" title="Frank McKenna">Frank McKenna</a> as Canadian Ambassador to the United States. In the end, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a> was appointed to this post. </p><p>In 2009, he was made an Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> "for his contributions to public office and to the province of Manitoba, as well as for his continuing leadership on numerous provincial and national boards, committees and organizations".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is married to <a href="/wiki/Janice_Filmon" title="Janice Filmon">Janice Filmon</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Manitoba">lieutenant governor of Manitoba</a> from 2015 to 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the duration of his spouse's term in that office, Gary Filmon was styled "His Honour". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Filmon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cdnenc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cdnenc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdnenc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdnenc_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdnenc_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdnenc_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gary-filmon/">"Filmon, Gary Albert"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Encyclopedia">Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Filmon%2C+Gary+Albert&rft.btitle=Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fgary-filmon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-premiers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-premiers_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-premiers_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-premiers_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-premiers_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-premiers_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-premiers_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusonWardhaugh,_Robert2010" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Barry; Wardhaugh, Robert (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_eSERHkDTYC&pg=PA356"><i>Manitoba Premiers of the 19th and 20th Centuries</i></a>. University of Regina Press. pp. 356–383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0889772168" title="Special:BookSources/978-0889772168"><bdi>978-0889772168</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manitoba+Premiers+of+the+19th+and+20th+Centuries&rft.pages=356-383&rft.pub=University+of+Regina+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0889772168&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=Wardhaugh%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_eSERHkDTYC%26pg%3DPA356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206160126/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/p6/8">"Multicultural Canada. Politics."</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples – Poles</i>. Canadian Heritage. Library and Archives Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/p6/8">the original</a> on 2010-12-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Multicultural+Canada.+Politics.&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Canada%27s+Peoples+%E2%80%93+Poles&rft.pub=Canadian+Heritage.+Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multiculturalcanada.ca%2FEncyclopedia%2FA-Z%2Fp6%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_W._Taylor1990" class="citation web cs1">Greg W. Taylor (June 18, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1990/6/18/local-politics">"Local Politics. Filmon Reflects The View At Home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Local+Politics.+Filmon+Reflects+The+View+At+Home&rft.date=1990-06-18&rft.au=Greg+W.+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.macleans.ca%2Farticle%2F1990%2F6%2F18%2Flocal-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Canadian Folklore, Volume 19, Issue 2</i>. Folklore Studies Association of Canada. 1997. pp. 89–90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Folklore%2C+Volume+19%2C+Issue+2&rft.pages=89-90&rft.pub=Folklore+Studies+Association+of+Canada&rft.date=1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?crtr.sj1D=&mthd=advSrch&crtr.mnthndVl=&nid=156899&crtr.dpt1D=&crtr.tp1D=&crtr.lc1D=&crtr.yrStrtVl=&crtr.kw=this%2Bmagazine&crtr.dyStrtVl=&crtr.aud1D=&crtr.mnthStrtVl=&crtr.yrndVl=&crtr.dyndVl=">"Prime Minister Announces Appointments to the Security Intelligence Review Committee"</a>. <i>Media Advisory</i>. Government of Canada. June 24, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media+Advisory&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister+Announces+Appointments+to+the+Security+Intelligence+Review+Committee&rft.date=2005-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gc.ca%2Fweb%2Farticle-en.do%3Fcrtr.sj1D%3D%26mthd%3DadvSrch%26crtr.mnthndVl%3D%26nid%3D156899%26crtr.dpt1D%3D%26crtr.tp1D%3D%26crtr.lc1D%3D%26crtr.yrStrtVl%3D%26crtr.kw%3Dthis%252Bmagazine%26crtr.dyStrtVl%3D%26crtr.aud1D%3D%26crtr.mnthStrtVl%3D%26crtr.yrndVl%3D%26crtr.dyndVl%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.mts.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-MTS-Information-Circular_Sedar.pdf">MTS Information Circular</a>mts.ca <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406032400/http://about.mts.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-MTS-Information-Circular_Sedar.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-04-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13469">"Governor General Announces 57 New Appointments to the Order of Canada"</a>. <i>Office of the Secretary to the Governor General</i>. December 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Secretary+to+the+Governor+General&rft.atitle=Governor+General+Announces+57+New+Appointments+to+the+Order+of+Canada&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fdocument.aspx%3Fid%3D13469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/Janice-Filmon-will-be-sworn-in-as-Manitobas-lieutenant-governor-on-June-19-301129281.html">"Janice Filmon will be sworn in as Manitoba's lieutenant-governor on June 19"</a>. <i>Winipegfreepress.com</i>. 23 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winipegfreepress.com&rft.atitle=Janice+Filmon+will+be+sworn+in+as+Manitoba%27s+lieutenant-governor+on+June+19&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Flocal%2FJanice-Filmon-will-be-sworn-in-as-Manitobas-lieutenant-governor-on-June-19-301129281.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGary+Filmon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Spivak" title="Sidney Spivak">Sidney Spivak</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the Legislative Assembly<br />for <a href="/wiki/River_Heights_(electoral_district)" title="River Heights (electoral district)">River Heights</a> </b><br />1979–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Steen" title="Warren Steen">Warren Steen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the Legislative Assembly for <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_(electoral_district)" title="Tuxedo (electoral district)">Tuxedo</a> </b><br />1981–2000 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Heather_Stefanson" title="Heather Stefanson">Heather Stefanson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of the Environment </b><br />1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Cowan" title="Jay Cowan">Jay Cowan</a></div><i><b>as Minister responsible for<br />Environmental Management </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs </b><br />1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Kostyra" title="Eugene Kostyra">Eugene Kostyra</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Lyon" title="Sterling Lyon">Sterling Lyon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Manitoba)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1983–1988 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carstairs" title="Sharon Carstairs">Sharon Carstairs</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Pawley" title="Howard Pawley">Howard Pawley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">Premier of Manitoba</a> </b><br />1988–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Doer" title="Gary Doer">Gary Doer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations </b><br />1988–1999 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Doer" title="Gary Doer">Gary Doer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Manitoba)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1999–2000 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Mitchelson" title="Bonnie Mitchelson">Bonnie Mitchelson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paule_Gauthier" title="Paule Gauthier">Paule Gauthier</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Security_Intelligence_Review_Committee" title="Security Intelligence Review Committee">Security Intelligence Review Committee</a> </b><br />2005–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Porter_(physician)" title="Arthur Porter (physician)">Arthur Porter</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Lyon" title="Sterling Lyon">Sterling Lyon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba</a> </b><br />1983–2000 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Mitchelson" title="Bonnie Mitchelson">Bonnie Mitchelson</a> (interim)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Norquay" title="John Norquay">Norquay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Howard_Harrison" title="David Howard Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodmond_Roblin" title="Rodmond Roblin">R. Roblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_John_Macdonald" title="Hugh John Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodmond_Roblin" title="Rodmond Roblin">R. Roblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Albert_Manning_Aikins" title="James Albert Manning Aikins">Aikins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Prefontaine" title="Albert Prefontaine">Prefontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gardiner_Willis" title="Richard Gardiner Willis">R. G. Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawcett_Taylor" title="Fawcett Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sanford_Evans" title="William Sanford Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errick_Willis" title="Errick Willis">E. Willis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative</a> (1946–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Errick_Willis" title="Errick Willis">E. Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Roblin" title="Dufferin Roblin">D. Roblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Weir" title="Walter Weir">Weir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Spivak" title="Sidney Spivak">Spivak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Lyon" title="Sterling Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Filmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Mitchelson" title="Bonnie Mitchelson">Mitchelson</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Murray" title="Stuart Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McFadyen" title="Hugh McFadyen">McFadyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Pallister" title="Brian Pallister">Pallister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Goertzen" title="Kelvin Goertzen">Goertzen</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Stefanson" title="Heather Stefanson">Stefanson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premiers_of_Manitoba" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MBPremiers" title="Template:MBPremiers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MBPremiers" title="Template talk:MBPremiers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MBPremiers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MBPremiers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premiers_of_Manitoba" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">Premiers of Manitoba</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Boyd" title="Alfred Boyd">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Amable_Girard" title="Marc-Amable Girard">Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Joseph_Clarke" title="Henry Joseph Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Atkinson_Davis" title="Robert Atkinson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norquay" title="John Norquay">Norquay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Howard_Harrison" title="David Howard Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Greenway" title="Thomas Greenway">Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_John_Macdonald" title="Hugh John Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodmond_Roblin" title="Rodmond Roblin">R. Roblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Norris" title="Tobias Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">Bracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Garson" title="Stuart Garson">Garson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Lloyd_Campbell" title="Douglas Lloyd Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Roblin" title="Dufferin Roblin">D. Roblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Weir" title="Walter Weir">Weir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schreyer" title="Edward Schreyer">Schreyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Lyon" title="Sterling Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Pawley" title="Howard Pawley">Pawley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Filmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Doer" title="Gary Doer">Doer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Selinger" title="Greg Selinger">Selinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Pallister" title="Brian Pallister">Pallister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Goertzen" title="Kelvin Goertzen">Goertzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Stefanson" title="Heather Stefanson">Stefanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Kinew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1494847#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1494847#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1494847#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000007524756X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/105725224">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1313215058">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2021087192">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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