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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #DEDEE2;">Esplumoir Merlin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></i> location</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur-Pyle_Vivien_Bewitches_Merlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Arthur-Pyle_Vivien_Bewitches_Merlin.jpg/220px-Arthur-Pyle_Vivien_Bewitches_Merlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Arthur-Pyle_Vivien_Bewitches_Merlin.jpg/330px-Arthur-Pyle_Vivien_Bewitches_Merlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Arthur-Pyle_Vivien_Bewitches_Merlin.jpg/440px-Arthur-Pyle_Vivien_Bewitches_Merlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1257" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The sorceress Viviane bewitches Merlin in a 1903 illustration by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">Chivalric romance</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #DEDEE2;">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">esplumöer<sup id="cite_ref-aclb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aclb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">rocky peak, castle, hut, or prison</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Characters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nimue" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimue">Viviane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauvain">Gauvain</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>esplumoir Merlin</b></i> is a place mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian legend</a> in relation with the magician <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>. It notably appears in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didot_Perceval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didot Perceval (page does not exist)">Didot <i>Perceval</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceval_en_prose" class="extiw" title="fr:Perceval en prose">fr</a>]</span> uncertainly attributed to <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Boron" title="Robert de Boron">Robert de Boron</a>, and is also mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Raoul_de_Houdenc" title="Raoul de Houdenc">Raoul de Houdenc's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Meraugis_de_Portlesguez" title="Meraugis de Portlesguez">Meraugis de Portlesguez</a></i>. Its nature is uncertain, but it probably relates to a metamorphosis into a bird. It is presented as a hut, a tower or a high rock and is sometimes likened to the <a href="/wiki/Hoti%C3%A9_de_Viviane" title="Hotié de Viviane">Hotié de Viviane</a>, a megalithic site in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplumoir_Merlin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etymologically, an <i>esplumoir</i> would be "a cage where a songbird is locked away at the time of moulting: a dark and warm place where the bird sings in its own feathers".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouloumié2004188_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouloumié2004188-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the meaning of the word <i>esplumoir</i> as used in the romances remains unknown. It could be a word from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> whose meaning has been lost through manuscript transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrachsler199664_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrachsler199664-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars theorize that the name is derived from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text">*<i lang="la">ex-plumare</i></span> to evoke the sense that Merlin is removing a bird disguise.<sup id="cite_ref-aclb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aclb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Boron" title="Robert de Boron">Robert de Boron</a> may have been drawing a comparison between the esplumoir and a falcon’s mew, as he would likely have associated Merlin’s name with that of the <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(bird)" title="Merlin (bird)">merlin</a>, a European falcon (although there is no etymological relation between the two).<sup id="cite_ref-nitze_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nitze-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplumoir_Merlin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>esplumoir</i> is thought to be the place where Merlin, who is fond of transforming himself into a bird, would resume his human form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrachsler199664_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrachsler199664-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Didot <i>Perceval</i> it is a cabin or a small house that Merlin built himself near the home of <a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Perceval</a>, guardian of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Grail</a>, to prophesy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also imagined as a high tower or a rock, in other texts. In <i>Méraugis de Portlesguez</i>, the <i>esplumöer merlin</i> is described as being atop a high cliff having no doors, windows or stairs and is inhabited by twelve prophetic maidens.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this version, Gauvain is the one imprisoned in the esplumoir.<sup id="cite_ref-odin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This place is mentioned by the poet <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roubaud" title="Jacques Roubaud">Jacques Roubaud</a> as being hot and dark, located at the top of <i>"la roche grifaigne"</i>. Merlin, in the form of a bird, sings of the future there. Jacques Roubaud also explains the shadow that Perceval sees pass several times above him, accompanied by the voice of Merlin, by supposing the metamorphosis of the magician into a bird.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouloumié2004188_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouloumié2004188-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Vita_Merlini" title="Vita Merlini">Vita Merlini</a>, also describes a dwelling, built by <a href="/wiki/Gwenddydd" title="Gwenddydd">Ganieda</a>, that has seventy doors and seventy windows that allow Merlin to view the stars and make prophecies.<sup id="cite_ref-jean_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jean-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplumoir_Merlin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aclb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aclb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aclb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown1945" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Arthur C. L. (October 1945). "The Esplumoir and Viviane". <i>Speculum</i>. <b>20</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">428–</span>429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2856739">10.2307/2856739</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2856739">2856739</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161314132">161314132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+Esplumoir+and+Viviane&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E428-%3C%2Fspan%3E429&rft.date=1945-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161314132%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2856739%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2856739&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarkale1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Markale" title="Jean Markale">Markale, Jean</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CRciAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Viviane+passe%22"><i>Guide spirituel de la forêt de Brocéliande</i></a> (in French). Monaco: Éditions du Rocher. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782268023144" title="Special:BookSources/9782268023144"><bdi>9782268023144</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+spirituel+de+la+for%C3%AAt+de+Broc%C3%A9liande&rft.place=Monaco&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Rocher&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9782268023144&rft.aulast=Markale&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCRciAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Viviane%2Bpasse%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouloumié2004188-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouloumié2004188_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouloumié2004188_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBouloumié2004">Bouloumié 2004</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrachsler199664-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrachsler199664_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrachsler199664_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrachsler1996">Trachsler 1996</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nitze-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nitze_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNitze1946" class="citation journal cs1">Nitze, William (1946). "The Esplumoir Merlin". <i>Speculum</i>. <b>18</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">69–</span>79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+Esplumoir+Merlin&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Nitze&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVadé2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vadé, Yves (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UulkAAAAMAAJ&q=%22proph%C3%A9tiser%22"><i>Pour un tombeau de Merlin: Du barde celte à la poésie moderne</i></a> (in French). Paris: Corti. pp. <span class="nowrap">64–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782714309662" title="Special:BookSources/9782714309662"><bdi>9782714309662</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pour+un+tombeau+de+Merlin%3A+Du+barde+celte+%C3%A0+la+po%C3%A9sie+moderne&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.pub=Corti&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9782714309662&rft.aulast=Vad%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUulkAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522proph%25C3%25A9tiser%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1945" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Arthur C. L. (October 1945). "The Esplumoir and Viviane". <i>Speculum</i>. <b>20</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">428–</span>429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2856739">10.2307/2856739</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2856739">2856739</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161314132">161314132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+Esplumoir+and+Viviane&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E428-%3C%2Fspan%3E429&rft.date=1945-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161314132%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2856739%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2856739&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odin-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-odin_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Eson, L. (2010). "Odin and Merlin: Threefold death and the World Tree". <i>Western Folklore</i>. <b>69</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">85–</span>107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Folklore&rft.atitle=Odin+and+Merlin%3A+Threefold+death+and+the+World+Tree&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E107&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Eson&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jean-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jean_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarkale1995" class="citation book cs1">Markale, Jean (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fGAoDwAAQBAJ"><i>Merlin: Priest of Nature</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-450-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-450-0"><bdi>978-1-62055-450-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merlin%3A+Priest+of+Nature&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-62055-450-0&rft.aulast=Markale&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfGAoDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplumoir_Merlin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBouloumié2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bouloumié, Arlette (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/crm/1833">"Le mythe de Merlin dans la littérature française du xxe siècle (Jean Cocteau, René Barjavel, Jacques Roubaud, Théophile Briant, Michel Rio)"</a>. <i>Cahiers de recherches médiévales et humanistes</i> (in French). <b>11</b>: <span class="nowrap">181–</span>193. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcrm.1833">10.4000/crm.1833</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+de+recherches+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vales+et+humanistes&rft.atitle=Le+mythe+de+Merlin+dans+la+litt%C3%A9rature+fran%C3%A7aise+du+xxe+si%C3%A8cle+%28Jean+Cocteau%2C+Ren%C3%A9+Barjavel%2C+Jacques+Roubaud%2C+Th%C3%A9ophile+Briant%2C+Michel+Rio%29&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E193&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fcrm.1833&rft.aulast=Bouloumi%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Arlette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fcrm%2F1833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrachsler1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trachsler, Richard (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y6voRNGjRLEC"><i>Clôtures du cycle arthurien: étude et textes</i></a>. Publications romanes et françaises, 215 (in French). Genève: Droz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782600001540" title="Special:BookSources/9782600001540"><bdi>9782600001540</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cl%C3%B4tures+du+cycle+arthurien%3A+%C3%A9tude+et+textes&rft.place=Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.series=Publications+romanes+et+fran%C3%A7aises%2C+215&rft.pub=Droz&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9782600001540&rft.aulast=Trachsler&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy6voRNGjRLEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsplumoir+Merlin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthurian_legend" title="Template talk:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culhwch" title="Culhwch">Culhwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ector" title="Sir Ector">Ector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Garlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingalain" title="Gingalain">Gingalain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Yvain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the<br /> Round Table</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagdemagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdemagus">Bagdemagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clig%C3%A8s" title="Cligès">Cligès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradoc" title="Caradoc">Caradoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagonet" title="Dagonet">Dagonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_von_dem_bl%C3%BChenden_Tal" title="Daniel von dem blühenden Tal">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinadan" title="Dinadan">Dinadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanval" title="Lanval">Lanval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Lionel" title="Sir Lionel">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriaen" title="Moriaen">Moriaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Palamedes (Arthurian legend)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelleas" title="Pelleas">Pelleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagramore" title="Sagramore">Sagramore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters" title="List of Arthurian characters">Other characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolon" title="Accolon">Accolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrestes" title="Agrestes">Agrestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angharad_Golden-Hand" title="Angharad Golden-Hand">Angharad Golden-Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguish_of_Ireland" title="Anguish of Ireland">Anguish of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annowre" title="Annowre">Annowre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Balin" title="Sir Balin">Balin and Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ban" title="King Ban">Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bertilak" title="Lady Bertilak">Lady Bertilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Black Knight (Arthurian legend)">Black Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchefleur" title="Blanchefleur">Blanchefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brangaine" title="Brangaine">Brangaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudas" title="Claudas">Claudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Astolat" title="Elaine of Astolat">Elaine of Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Benoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Corbenic" title="Elaine of Corbenic">Elaine of Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enide" title="Enide">Enide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feirefiz" title="Feirefiz">Feirefiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_King" title="Fisher King">Fisher King(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garel" title="Garel">Garel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Knight" title="Green Knight">Green Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">Guiomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiron_le_Courtois" title="Guiron le Courtois">Guiron le Courtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellawes_(sorceress)" title="Hellawes (sorceress)">Hellawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Iseult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady/Ladies of the Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodegrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Leodegrance">Leodegrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunete" title="Lunete">Lunete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_and_Lyonesse" title="Lynette and Lyonesse">Lynette and Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cornwall" title="Mark of Cornwall">Mark of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliodas" title="Meliodas">Meliodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Nentres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival%27s_sister" title="Percival's sister">Percival's sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Knight" title="Red Knight">Red Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegau_Eurfron" title="Tegau Eurfron">Tegau Eurfron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yniol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yniol">Yniol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringolet" title="Gringolet">Gringolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petitcrieu" title="Petitcrieu">Petitcrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questing_Beast" title="Questing Beast">Questing Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnwennan" title="Carnwennan">Carnwennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydwen" title="Prydwen">Prydwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhongomyniad" title="Rhongomyniad">Rhongomyniad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_Perilous" title="Siege Perilous">Siege Perilous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" title="List of locations associated with Arthurian legend">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astolat" title="Astolat">Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Tor" title="Glastonbury Tor">Glastonbury Tor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broc%C3%A9liande" title="Brocéliande">Brocéliande</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_sans_retour" title="Val sans retour">Val sans retour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_perilous" title="Chapel perilous">Chapel perilous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbenic" title="Corbenic">Corbenic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esplumoir Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyous_Gard" title="Joyous Gard">Joyous Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Maidens" title="Land of Maidens">Land/Castle of Maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonesse" title="Lyonesse">Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarras" title="Sarras">Sarras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_King_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of King Arthur">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">List of works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_in_comics" title="King Arthur in comics">comics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolorous_Stroke" title="Dolorous Stroke">Dolorous Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">Historicity of King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_messianic_return" title="King Arthur's messianic return">King Arthur's messianic return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendragon" title="Pendragon">Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esplumoir_Merlin&oldid=1225993616">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esplumoir_Merlin&oldid=1225993616</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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