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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sounion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%85" title="Սունիօ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սունիօ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Суніян – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суніян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сунион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сунион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_S%C3%BAnion" title="Cap Súnion – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cap Súnion" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunion" title="Sunion – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sunion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrhyn_Sounion" title="Penrhyn Sounion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Penrhyn Sounion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Sounion" title="Kap Sounion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kap Sounion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σούνιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σούνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunio" title="Sunio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sunio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounion" title="Sounion – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sounion" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Sounion" title="Cap Sounion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cap Sounion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_Sunio" title="Capo Sunio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capo Sunio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95" title="כף סוניו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כף סוניו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunium" title="Sunium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sunium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaap_Soenion" title="Kaap Soenion – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaap Soenion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%B2%AC" title="スニオン岬 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スニオン岬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunion" title="Sunion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sunion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunion" title="Sunion – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sunion" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suni%C3%A3o" title="Sunião – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sunião" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounio" title="Sounio – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sounio" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сунион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сунион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounion" title="Sounion – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sounion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сунион – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сунион" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounion" title="Sounion – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sounion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C3%BAnio" title="Soúnio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Soúnio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Sunion" title="Kap Sunion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kap Sunion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCtun_Burnu" title="Sütun Burnu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sütun Burnu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Суніон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суніон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounion" title="Sounion – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sounion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sounion&params=37.652_N_24.026_E_type:landmark_dim:25000_region:GR-A2"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°39′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°01′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.652°N 24.026°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.652; 24.026</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Sounion&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Sounion">Cape Sounion</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the attacks on the ship MT Sounion, see <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_Sounion" title="Attacks on the Sounion">Attacks on the Sounion</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Greek cape at the southernmost tip of the Attic peninsula</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sounion&params=37.652_N_24.026_E_type:landmark_dim:25000_region:GR-A2"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°39′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°01′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.652°N 24.026°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.652; 24.026</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Sounion_AC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cape_Sounion_AC.JPG/220px-Cape_Sounion_AC.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cape_Sounion_AC.JPG/330px-Cape_Sounion_AC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cape_Sounion_AC.JPG/440px-Cape_Sounion_AC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>View of Cape Sounion and the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon</a> looking west, with <a href="/wiki/Patroklos_(Attica)" title="Patroklos (Attica)">Patroklos island</a> visible in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kap_Sounion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kap_Sounion.jpg/220px-Kap_Sounion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kap_Sounion.jpg/330px-Kap_Sounion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kap_Sounion.jpg/440px-Kap_Sounion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Sunset at Cape Sounion</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cape Sounion</b> (<a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Greek language">Modern Greek</a>: Aκρωτήριο Σούνιο <i>Akrotírio Soúnio</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[akroˈtirʝo<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsuɲo]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἄκρον Σούνιον</span> <i>Άkron Soúnion</i>, latinized <i>Sunium</i>; <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>: <i>Capo Colonne</i> "Cape of Columns") is the <a href="/wiki/Promontory" title="Promontory">promontory</a> at the southernmost tip of the <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica peninsula</a>, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the town of <a href="/wiki/Lavrio" title="Lavrio">Lavrio</a> (ancient <a href="/wiki/Thoricus" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoricus">Thoricus</a>), and 69.5 km (43.1 miles) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Riviera" title="Athens Riviera">Athens Riviera</a>. It is part of <a href="/wiki/Lavreotiki" title="Lavreotiki">Lavreotiki</a> municipality, <a href="/wiki/East_Attica" title="East Attica">East Attica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. </p><p>Cape Sounion is noted for its <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon</a>, one of the major monuments of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Age of Athens">Golden Age of Athens</a>. Its remains are perched on the headland, surrounded on three sides by the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean sea</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cape Sounio has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>BSh</i>). Cape Sounio experiences hot, dry summers and mild, wetter winters. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Sounio </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.3<br />(74.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.3<br />(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(0.87) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(1.24) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(0.58) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(0.30) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(0.81) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(2.47) </td> <td style="background: #5AFF5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.3<br />(4.34) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">375.1<br />(14.75) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a> Monthly Bulletins (Jul 2019- Oct 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAMA_Statue_of_a_kouros.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NAMA_Statue_of_a_kouros.JPG/250px-NAMA_Statue_of_a_kouros.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NAMA_Statue_of_a_kouros.JPG/330px-NAMA_Statue_of_a_kouros.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NAMA_Statue_of_a_kouros.JPG/500px-NAMA_Statue_of_a_kouros.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sounion_Kouros" title="Sounion Kouros">Sounion Kouros</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 600 BC</span>), <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeological Museum of Athens">National Archaeological Museum of Athens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sounio_Naos_Poseidona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sounio_Naos_Poseidona.jpg/250px-Sounio_Naos_Poseidona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sounio_Naos_Poseidona.jpg/330px-Sounio_Naos_Poseidona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sounio_Naos_Poseidona.jpg/500px-Sounio_Naos_Poseidona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5748" data-file-height="3832" /></a><figcaption>View of the Temple of Poseidon in the sunset</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest literary reference to Sounion is in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> (III. 278–285). The story recounts that as the various Greek commanders sailed back from <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Troy</a>, the helmsman of the ship of King <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> died at his post while rounding "Holy Sounion, Cape of Athens."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menelaus landed at Sounion to give his companion full funeral honours (i.e., cremation on a <a href="/wiki/Funeral_pyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral pyre">funeral pyre</a> on the beach). </p><p>Archaeological finds on the site date from as early as 700 BC. <a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Herodotus</a> (VI.87) mentions that in sixth century BC, the Athenians celebrated a quinquennial festival at Sounion, which involved Athens' leaders sailing to the cape in a sacred boat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deme">Deme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Deme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mines_of_Laurion" title="Mines of Laurion">Mines of Laurion</a></div> <p>Sounion was a <a href="/wiki/Demes" class="mw-redirect" title="Demes">deme</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Leontis" title="Leontis">Leontis</a> tribe (phyle) even before its fortification in the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>. It sent four men to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Boule_(ancient_Greece)" title="Boule (ancient Greece)">Boule of 500</a> at the time of <a href="/wiki/Cleisthenes" title="Cleisthenes">Cleisthenes</a>, and later (3rd century BC) six men to the Boule of 600. In the 2nd century BC, Sounion is still on record as a deme, but now considered part of the recently-introduced <i>Attalid</i> phyle (created in honour of <a href="/wiki/Attalus_I" title="Attalus I">Attalus I</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The deme was located between <a href="/wiki/Amphitrope" title="Amphitrope">Amphitrope</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Thorikos" title="Thorikos">Thorikos</a> to the north. Its territory included parts of the <a href="/wiki/Mines_of_Laurion" title="Mines of Laurion">Mines of Laurion</a>. According to Traill (1986), the center of the settlement was situated somewhat to the north of the cape, between the modern settlements of <i>Ano Sounio</i> and <i>Kato Sounio</i> (close to <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sounion&params=37.674_N_24.03_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°40′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°01′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.674°N 24.030°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.674; 24.030</span></span></span></a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sounion was fortified in the nineteenth year of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a> (413 BCE) for the purpose of protecting the passage of the cornships to Athens,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was regarded from that time as one of the principal fortresses of Attica.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its proximity to the silver mines of Laurium probably contributed to its prosperity, which passed into a proverb;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but even in the time of <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> it had sunk into decay.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The circuit of the walls may still be traced, except where the precipitous nature of the rocks afforded a natural defence. The walls which are fortified with square towers, are of the most regular Hellenic masonry, and enclose a space of a little more than half a mile in circumference. The southern part of Attica, extending northwards from the promontory of Sounion as far as Thoricus on the east, and <a href="/wiki/Anaphlystus" title="Anaphlystus">Anaphlystus</a> on the west, is called by <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> the Suniac angle (τὸν γουνὸν τὸν Σουνιακόν).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Sounion was especially sacred to <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, we learn from <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> that <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> was also worshipped there.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temple_of_Poseidon">Temple of Poseidon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Temple of Poseidon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon, Sounion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attica_06-13_Sounion_20_Temple_of_Poseidon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Attica_06-13_Sounion_20_Temple_of_Poseidon.jpg/220px-Attica_06-13_Sounion_20_Temple_of_Poseidon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Attica_06-13_Sounion_20_Temple_of_Poseidon.jpg/330px-Attica_06-13_Sounion_20_Temple_of_Poseidon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Attica_06-13_Sounion_20_Temple_of_Poseidon.jpg/440px-Attica_06-13_Sounion_20_Temple_of_Poseidon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3348" data-file-height="4144" /></a><figcaption>Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion, built <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 440 BC</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The original, <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic-period</a> temple of Poseidon on the site was built of <a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">tufa</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sounion_Kouros" title="Sounion Kouros">Sounion Kouros</a>, discovered in 1906 in a pit east of the temple alongside fragments of other statues, was probably one of a number of votive statues dedicated to Poseidon which probably stood in front of the god's sanctuary. The archaic temple was probably destroyed in 480 BC by <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> troops during <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I's</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece" title="Second Persian invasion of Greece">invasion of Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After they defeated Xerxes in the naval <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Battle of Salamis</a>, the Athenians placed an entire captured enemy <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">trireme</a> (warship with three banks of oars) at Sounion as a <a href="/wiki/Trophy" title="Trophy">trophy</a> dedicated to Poseidon.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> at Sounion was constructed in 444–440 BC. This was during the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Age of Athens">ascendancy</a> of the Athenian statesman <a href="/wiki/Pericles" title="Pericles">Pericles</a>, who also rebuilt the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> in Athens. It was built on the ruins of a temple dating from the Archaic period. It is perched above the sea at a height of almost 60 metres (200 ft). The design of the temple is a typical <a href="/wiki/Hexastyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexastyle">hexastyle</a>, i.e., it had a front <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">portico</a> with six columns.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only some columns of the Sounion temple stand today, but when intact it would have closely resembled the contemporary and well-preserved <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Temple of Hephaestus</a> beneath the Acropolis, which may have been designed by the same architect. </p><p>As with all Greek temples, the Poseidon building was rectangular, with a colonnade on all four sides. The total number of original columns was 34, of which 15 still stand today. The columns are of the <a href="/wiki/Doric_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Doric Order">Doric Order</a>. They were made of locally quarried white marble. They were 6.10 m (20 ft) high, with a diameter of 1 m (3.1 ft) at the base and 79 cm (31 inches) at the top.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the center of the temple, there would have been a hall of worship (<i>naos</i>), a windowless rectangular room, similar to the partly intact hall at the Temple of Hephaestus. It would have contained, at one end facing the entrance, the <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">cult image</a>, a colossal, ceiling-height (6 metres (20 ft)) bronze statue of Poseidon.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temple_of_Athena">Temple of Athena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Temple of Athena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sounion_Temple_of_Athena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sounion_Temple_of_Athena.jpg/250px-Sounion_Temple_of_Athena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sounion_Temple_of_Athena.jpg/330px-Sounion_Temple_of_Athena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sounion_Temple_of_Athena.jpg/500px-Sounion_Temple_of_Athena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>View from within the remains of the temple of Athena, looking west.</figcaption></figure> <p>The temple of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> Souniados (Ναός της Αθηνάς Σουνιάδος <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sounion&params=37.653_N_24.027_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°39′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°01′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.653°N 024.027°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.653; 024.027</span></span></span></a></span></span>), was located on a low hill some 300 m northeast of the temple of Poseidon. It was built in 470 BC, replacing an older building of the 6th century BCE (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ancient-greece.org/architecture/temple-athena-sounio.html">https://www.ancient-greece.org/architecture/temple-athena-sounio.html</a>). Its architecture was unusual, as it had colonnades on the southern and eastern sides, but not on the western or northern sides, a peculiarity mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built adjacent to a <a href="/wiki/Peribolos" title="Peribolos">peribolos</a> identified as the <a href="/wiki/Burial_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial mound">burial mound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroon">shrine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Phrontis" title="Phrontis">Phrontis</a>, the helmsman of <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> whose burial at Sounion is mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>. </p><p>A smaller Doric temple next to the temple of Athena is thought to have been dedicated either to the hero Phrontis or to <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A deep pit southeast of the <a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">temenos</a> was used to deposit the remains of the Archaic-period offerings destroyed during the Persian invasion. </p><p>The temple of Athena was demolished in the 1st century AD, and parts of its columns were taken to Athens to be used in the South-East temple of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens" title="Ancient Agora of Athens">Agora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortress">Fortress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fortress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bastion_Delta_of_the_fort_from_the_north,_Cape_Sounion,_Greece_(14103699374).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bastion_Delta_of_the_fort_from_the_north%2C_Cape_Sounion%2C_Greece_%2814103699374%29.jpg/220px-Bastion_Delta_of_the_fort_from_the_north%2C_Cape_Sounion%2C_Greece_%2814103699374%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bastion_Delta_of_the_fort_from_the_north%2C_Cape_Sounion%2C_Greece_%2814103699374%29.jpg/330px-Bastion_Delta_of_the_fort_from_the_north%2C_Cape_Sounion%2C_Greece_%2814103699374%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bastion_Delta_of_the_fort_from_the_north%2C_Cape_Sounion%2C_Greece_%2814103699374%29.jpg/440px-Bastion_Delta_of_the_fort_from_the_north%2C_Cape_Sounion%2C_Greece_%2814103699374%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Remains of Bastion Delta seen from the north.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 413 BC, during the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartans</a>, the Athenians fortified the site with a wall and towers to prevent it from falling into Spartan hands. This would have threatened Athens' seaborne grain supply route from <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>. Athens' supply situation had become critical since the city's land supply lines had been cut by the Spartan fortification of <a href="/wiki/Dekeleia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dekeleia">Dekeleia</a>, to the north of Attica.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sounion fortress was soon later seized from the Athenians by a force of rebel slaves from the nearby silver mines of <a href="/wiki/Laurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurium">Laurium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Temple of Poseidon was situated in the southeastern corner of the fortress, with the garrison quarters arranged along a main stream on the western slope of the hill. The fortress included a small naval base, with a shipshed for two warships in the northwestern corner (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sounion&params=37.6524_N_24.0228_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°39′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°01′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.6524°N 24.0228°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.6524; 24.0228</span></span></span></a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fortress was maintained well into the Hellenistic period.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repairs and additions to the fortress were made during the <a href="/wiki/Chremonidean_War" title="Chremonidean War">Chremonidean War</a> (266–261 BC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_reception">Literary reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literary reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffito_Byron_at_Sounion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Graffito_Byron_at_Sounion.jpg/250px-Graffito_Byron_at_Sounion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Graffito_Byron_at_Sounion.jpg/330px-Graffito_Byron_at_Sounion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Graffito_Byron_at_Sounion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>Lord Byron's name carved into temple of Poseidon</figcaption></figure> <p>The name <i>Capo Colonne</i> (graecicized <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Καβοκολώνες</span></span> <i>Kavokolones</i>) is reported from the 17th century, for the reason that unusually, several columns of the temple of Poseidon had remained standing since antiquity. Early modern descriptions in travelogues include those by <a href="/wiki/George_Wheler_(travel_writer)" title="George Wheler (travel writer)">G. Wheler</a> (1676), Lady Mary Wortley Montague (1718),<a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Le_Roy" title="Jean-Baptiste Le Roy">J.-D. Le Roy</a> (1754), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Chandler_(antiquary)" title="Richard Chandler (antiquary)">R. Chandler</a> (1765) and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Dodwell" title="Edward Dodwell">E. Dodwell</a> (1805). Scottish poet <a href="/wiki/William_Falconer_(poet)" title="William Falconer (poet)">William Falconer</a> (1732–1769) was shipwrecked off Cape Colonna, as Sounion was then known, in 1750, an event depicted in the central scene of his <i>The Shipwreck</i> (1762).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inscribed name of <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gordon Byron">George Lord Byron</a>, carved into the base of one of the columns of the Temple of Poseidon, possibly dates from his first visit to Greece, on his <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a> of Europe before he acquired fame. Byron spent several months in 1810–11 in Athens, including two documented visits to Sounion. There is, however, no direct evidence that the inscription was made by Byron himself. Byron mentions Sounion in his poem <i>Isles of Greece</i>: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Place me on Sunium's marbled steep,<br /> Where nothing, save the waves and I,<br /> May hear our mutual murmurs sweep...<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a> visited Sounion during his journey to Greece in 1962, as described in his book <i>Sojourns</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He refers to the "gleaming-white ruins of the temple". In the strong sea breeze "these few standing columns were the strings of an invisible lyre, the song of which the far-seeing Delian god let resonate over the Cycladic world of islands". He marvels at "the way that this single gesture of the land suggests the invisible nearness of the divine and dedicates to it every growth and every human work" (ibid.). He goes on to reflect "the people of this country knew how to inhabit and demarcate the world against the barbarous in honour of the seat of the gods. ...they knew how to praise what is great and by acknowledging it, to bring themselves in front of the sublime, founding, in this way, a world" (ibid.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_development">Modern development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_Cape_Sounio_(Attiki,_Greece)_(3734132499).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/At_Cape_Sounio_%28Attiki%2C_Greece%29_%283734132499%29.jpg/250px-At_Cape_Sounio_%28Attiki%2C_Greece%29_%283734132499%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/At_Cape_Sounio_%28Attiki%2C_Greece%29_%283734132499%29.jpg/330px-At_Cape_Sounio_%28Attiki%2C_Greece%29_%283734132499%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/At_Cape_Sounio_%28Attiki%2C_Greece%29_%283734132499%29.jpg/500px-At_Cape_Sounio_%28Attiki%2C_Greece%29_%283734132499%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3305" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Sounion beach and Aegeon Beach hotel, seen from Cape Sounion (July 2009 photograph).</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Sounion remains a popular day-excursion for tourists from Athens, with the <a href="/wiki/Sunset" title="Sunset">sunset</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>, as viewed from the ruins, a sought-after sight since the first development of modern tourism in the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lavreotiki" title="Lavreotiki">Lavreotiki</a> municipality was established in 1890 under the name of <i>Sounio</i>, and renamed to Lavreotiki in 1891. Cape Sounion itself is located between the villages of Kato Sounio and Legrena. </p><p>The Sounio national park (Εθνικός Δρυμός τού Σουνίου) was established in 1974 with a core area of 750 hectares. </p><p>Forming the southeastern endpoint of the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Riviera" title="Athens Riviera">Athens Riviera</a>, Sounion is now an upscale summer home location for Athenians. Construction of villas across the bay northwest of Cape Sounion flourished in the 1960s to 1970s. The <a href="/wiki/Grecotel" title="Grecotel">Grecotel</a> Cape Sounio luxury resort was built in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The project Arrangement of the Archaeological Site of Sounion (2011–2013) was co-financed by the Greek <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Sports_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece)">Ministry of Culture and Sports</a> and the European Union (<a href="/wiki/European_Regional_Development_Fund" title="European Regional Development Fund">ERDF</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm">"Monthly Bulletins"</a>. <i>www.meteo.gr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meteo.gr&rft.atitle=Monthly+Bulletins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteo.gr%2FMonthly_Bulletins.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/sounio/">"Latest Conditions in Sounio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+Conditions+in+Sounio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenteli.meteo.gr%2Fstations%2Fsounio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε Σούνιον ἱρὸν ἀφικόμεθ᾽, ἄκρον Ἀθηνέων</span></span> "But when we approached holy Sounion, headland of the Athenians" (III.278)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epigraphy.packhum.org/search?patt=Σουν">epigraphic sources</a> (epigraphy.packhum.org)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John S. Traill, <i>Demos and trittys. Epigraphical and topographical studies in the organization of Attica</i>. Athenians Victoria College, Toronto 1986, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThucydides" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War" title="History of the Peloponnesian War">History of the Peloponnesian War</a></i>. Vol. 8.4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Peloponnesian+War&rft.au=Thucydides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>, <i>pro Cor.</i> p. 238; <i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_Pseudo-Scylax" title="Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax">Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax</a></i>, p. 21; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLivy" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita_(Livy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab urbe condita (Livy)">Ab urbe condita Libri</a></i> [<i>History of Rome</i>]. Vol. 31.25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ab+urbe+condita+Libri&rft.au=Livy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anaxand. ap. Athen. 6.263c</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> <i>ad Att.</i> 7.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a></i>. Vol. 4.99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histories&rft.au=Herodotus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <i>Kn.</i> 557, <i>Aves</i>, 869.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005101226/http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/museum/collections/museum-highlights/sounion-kouros">"Sounion Kouros"</a>. <i>University of Cambridge Faculty of Classics</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/museum/collections/museum-highlights/sounion-kouros.">the original</a> on 2013-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Cambridge+Faculty+of+Classics&rft.atitle=Sounion+Kouros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classics.cam.ac.uk%2Fmuseum%2Fcollections%2Fmuseum-highlights%2Fsounion-kouros.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus, <i>Histories</i>, VIII.121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Perseus_Digital_Library" title="Perseus Digital Library">Perseus Digital Library</a> @ www.perseus.tufts.edu (search term: 'Sounion').</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perseus Digital Library, for search term 'Sounion'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Burkert, <i>Greek Religion</i> (1987).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Sounion,+Temple+of+Athena&object=building">"Sounion, Temple of Athena (Building)"</a>. <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.perseus.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=Sounion%2C+Temple+of+Athena+%28Building%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Fartifact%3Fname%3DSounion%2C%2BTemple%2Bof%2BAthena%26object%3Dbuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert Abramson, "A Hero Shrine for Phrontis at Sounion?", <i>California Studies in Classical Antiquity</i> 12 (1979), pp. 1-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Mee and Antony Spawfort, <i>Greece: An Oxford Archaeological Guide</i> (2001), p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>, <i>Peloponnesian War</i> VII.28 and VIII.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sunium"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sunium">"Sunium" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sunium&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASounion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Blackman, Boris Rankov, <i>Shipsheds of the Ancient Mediterranean</i> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6jZEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA531">p. 531</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark H. Munn, <i>The Defense of Attica</i> (1993), p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Gilfillan, <i>The Poetical Works of Beattie, Blair and Falconer</i> (1854), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/poeticalworksbe01blaigoog#page/n192/mode/2up">p. 165</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, Canto the Third "The Isles of Greece". Romantic Circles, <i>The Byron Chronology</i>, webpage: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rc.umd.edu">RC-UMD</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sojourns: The Journey to Greece</i>, translated by J. P. Manoussakis, State University of New York, 2005, p. 43ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Dodwell, <i>A Classical and Topographical Tour Through Greece: During the Years 1801, 1805, and 1806</i> (1819), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQFdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA539">p. 539</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.hotels.com/ho215985/cape-sounio-grecotel-exclusive-resort-laureotique-grece/">fr.hotels.com</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>"Sounion" in: Stillwell (ed.), <i>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites</i> (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NpArDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA854">p. 854</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Greece" title="National parks of Greece">National parks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">National (Woodland) Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ainos" title="Mount Ainos">Ainos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Oeta" title="Mount Oeta">Oiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Olympos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Parnassus" title="Mount Parnassus">Parnassos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnitha" title="Parnitha">Parnitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindus_National_Park" title="Pindus National Park">Pindos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Prespa" title="Lake Prespa">Prespes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria_Gorge" title="Samaria 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and Thrace">E. 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title="Artemida, Attica">Artemida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleutherae" title="Eleutherae">Eleutherae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagonisi" title="Lagonisi">Lagonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Marathon" title="Lake Marathon">Lake Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurium">Laurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pentelicus" title="Mount Pentelicus">Mount Pentelicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnitha" title="Parnitha">Parnitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Rafti" title="Porto Rafti">Porto Rafti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Tower_(Serpieri)" title="Queen's Tower (Serpieri)">Queen's Tower (Serpieri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnous" title="Rhamnous">Rhamnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rododafni_Castle" title="Rododafni Castle">Rododafni Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saronida" title="Saronida">Saronida</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatoi_Palace" title="Tatoi Palace">Tatoi Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Zoster" title="Temple of Apollo Zoster">Temple of Apollo Zoster</a></li></ul> <p><small>*Not included the most parts of Athens urban area</small> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136637#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata494" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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