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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prior_antitrust_scrutiny_of_Google" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_antitrust_scrutiny_of_Google"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prior antitrust scrutiny of Google</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prior_antitrust_scrutiny_of_Google-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Proceedings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proceedings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Proceedings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launch_of_lawsuit_and_initial_response_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_of_lawsuit_and_initial_response_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Launch of lawsuit and initial response (2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_of_lawsuit_and_initial_response_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Allegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-trial_proceedings_and_developments_(2020–2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-trial_proceedings_and_developments_(2020–2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pre-trial proceedings and developments (2020–2023)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-trial_proceedings_and_developments_(2020–2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_recuse_Jonathan_Kanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_recuse_Jonathan_Kanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Efforts to recuse Jonathan Kanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_recuse_Jonathan_Kanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial_(2023–2024)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial_(2023–2024)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Trial (2023–2024)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial_(2023–2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verdict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Verdict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remedies_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remedies_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Remedies trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remedies_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis_and_public_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_and_public_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Analysis and public interest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis_and_public_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Analysis and public interest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis_and_public_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_from_elected_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_from_elected_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Response from elected officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_from_elected_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_from_Google" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_from_Google"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Response from Google</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_from_Google-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related cases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_cases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related cases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reportedly_pending_future_lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reportedly_pending_future_lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reportedly pending future lawsuits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reportedly_pending_future_lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the antitrust suit targeting Google's search engine practices. For the separate suit targeting Google's advertising technology practices, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2023)">United States v. Google LLC (2023)</a>. For other lawsuits, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="United States v. Google (disambiguation)">United States v. Google</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">United States v. Google LLC</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_U.S._District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Seal_of_the_U.S._District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia.png/150px-Seal_of_the_U.S._District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Seal_of_the_U.S._District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia.png/225px-Seal_of_the_U.S._District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Seal_of_the_U.S._District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia.png/300px-Seal_of_the_U.S._District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia.png 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="655" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> United States, State of Arkansas, State of Florida, State of Georgia, State of Indiana, Commonwealth of Kentucky, State of Louisiana, State of Mississippi, State of Missouri, State of Montana, State of South Carolina and State of Texas v. Google LLC </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Started</th><td class="infobox-data">October 20, 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">August 5, 2024</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Holding</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Google LLC violates Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Act">Sherman Act</a>.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge sitting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amit_P._Mehta" class="mw-redirect" title="Amit P. Mehta">Amit P. Mehta</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>United States v. Google LLC</b></i> is an ongoing federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> case brought by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) against <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google LLC</a> on October 20, 2020. The suit alleges that Google has <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google#Antitrust" title="Criticism of Google">violated</a> the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act_of_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890">Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</a> by illegally <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopolizing</a> the search engine and search advertising markets, most notably on <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> devices, as well as with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> and mobile carriers.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case was heard started in September 2023 in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">District Court for the District of Columbia</a> with judge <a href="/wiki/Amit_Mehta" title="Amit Mehta">Amit Mehta</a> presiding.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehta ruled in August 2024, finding that Google held a monopoly on their search engine technology, and illegally used that position in securing Google's position with mobile device and website partners.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proceedings to determine what remedies will be placed on Google are still to be held. </p><p>The lawsuit has been described as a "blockbuster antitrust trial",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been widely described as one of the most important federal antitrust lawsuit against a high-tech company since the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a></i> case in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legal commentators anticipate that there will likely be an appeal, regardless of how the case is decided.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outcome of the case is considered to have a potential bearing on the subsequently-filed federal antitrust suits against fellow "<a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Tech</a>" companies <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Meta Platforms</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Amazon" title="FTC v. Amazon">Amazon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">Apple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DOJ filed a <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2023)">second antitrust lawsuit</a> against Google over the company's advertising market practices in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rapid growth of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_technological_history" class="mw-redirect" title="United States technological history">tech industry</a> in the 1990s led to concerns about potential for anti-competitive behavior in the sector.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ultimately led to the federal government <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">launching an antitrust suit against Microsoft</a>, alleging that the company unfairly hindered competition.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, concerns about potential anti-competitive behavior by "<a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Tech</a>" (Google, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a>) companies became subject to lawmaker scrutiny. On October 6, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> majority staff on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Antitrust,_Commercial_and_Administrative_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law">House Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law</a> released a nearly 450-page report following a 16-month long investigation concluding that the companies wield "<a href="/wiki/Monopoly_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoly power">monopoly power</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prior_antitrust_scrutiny_of_Google">Prior antitrust scrutiny of Google</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prior antitrust scrutiny of Google"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, scrutiny by the DOJ and the <a href="/wiki/Competition_Bureau" title="Competition Bureau">Canadian Competition Bureau</a> scrutiny of an advertising deal between Google and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> led the companies to abandon their agreement. According to the DOJ, the "agreement between these two companies accounting for 90 percent or more of each relevant market" would have likely harmed "competition in the markets for Internet search advertising and Internet search syndication".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_web_search.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Google_web_search.png/220px-Google_web_search.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Google_web_search.png/330px-Google_web_search.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Google_web_search.png/440px-Google_web_search.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>The DOJ lawsuit alleges that <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google Search</a> holds an unlawful monopoly in the search engine market</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2011, members of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) voted to demand information from Google as part of an antitrust inquiry into the company's search engine practices. Following a nineteen-month investigation, FTC staff attorneys recommended that the agency bring forth an antitrust lawsuit against Google. However, the members of the commissioners ultimately declined this recommendation, and voted on January 3, 2013, to close the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2010s, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> engaged in <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google_by_the_European_Union" title="Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union">antitrust scrutiny of Google</a>, leading to the company being found guilty of <a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">competition law</a> breaches in three separate cases.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>United States v. Google</i> lawsuit has been specifically compared to the European Commission's <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google_by_the_European_Union#Android_investigation" title="Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union">lawsuit</a> against Google's <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> practices.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proceedings">Proceedings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Proceedings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_of_lawsuit_and_initial_response_(2020)"><span id="Launch_of_lawsuit_and_initial_response_.282020.29"></span>Launch of lawsuit and initial response (2020)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Launch of lawsuit and initial response (2020)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of Justice (DOJ) formally brought the case on October 20, 2020, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">state attorneys general</a> representing the following states: <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Makan_Delrahim" title="Makan Delrahim">Makan Delrahim</a>, then serving as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Attorney_General" title="United States Assistant Attorney General">Assistant Attorney General</a> for the DOJ <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust Division">Antitrust Division</a>, had recused himself during the probe earlier in the year due to his past professional work for Google.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allegations">Allegations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Allegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>United States v. Google LLC</i>, the federal government alleges that Google has unfairly hindered competition in the search market through anti-competitive deals with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> as well as mobile carriers.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government alleges that, as a result of these practices, Google has accumulated control of around 88% of the domestic <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engine</a> market. </p><p>In doing so, the government alleges, Google has additionally monopolized the <a href="/wiki/Search_advertising" title="Search advertising">search advertising</a> market at the expense of competing services.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per the government's estimation, Google has been able to accumulate control of over 70% of the search advertising market.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of lack of competition, Google has been able to over-charge advertisers versus what they would pay in a competitive environment.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-trial_proceedings_and_developments_(2020–2023)"><span id="Pre-trial_proceedings_and_developments_.282020.E2.80.932023.29"></span>Pre-trial proceedings and developments (2020–2023)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pre-trial proceedings and developments (2020–2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonathan_Kanter,_Assistant_Attorney_General.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jonathan_Kanter%2C_Assistant_Attorney_General.jpg/220px-Jonathan_Kanter%2C_Assistant_Attorney_General.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jonathan_Kanter%2C_Assistant_Attorney_General.jpg/330px-Jonathan_Kanter%2C_Assistant_Attorney_General.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jonathan_Kanter%2C_Assistant_Attorney_General.jpg/440px-Jonathan_Kanter%2C_Assistant_Attorney_General.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Kanter" title="Jonathan Kanter">Jonathan Kanter</a> (pictured) succeeded <a href="/wiki/Makan_Delrahim" title="Makan Delrahim">Makan Delrahim</a>, who served under Trump, as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Attorney_General" title="United States Assistant Attorney General">Assistant Attorney General</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust Division">Antitrust Division</a> in 2021. </figcaption></figure><p>Owing to the accusation that Google engaged in anti-competitive conduct through exclusivity dealings with Apple, it was reported in February 2022 that the government was looking to depose "<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s most senior executives".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 12, 2022, Google asked the court to toss out the case, arguing that it fairly achieved its dominant market share and that the DOJ's argument "relies on dubious antitrust arguments."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, Google is represented in the case by attorneys from <a href="/wiki/Williams_%26_Connolly" title="Williams & Connolly">Williams & Connolly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Sonsini_Goodrich_%26_Rosati" title="Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati">Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ropes_%26_Gray" title="Ropes & Gray">Ropes & Gray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 4, 2023, Judge Mehta ruled Google will not face allegations the search engine prioritized associated products over competitors in the trial, but will allow allegations over Google's use of anti-competitive contracts dealing with Search and Android to go to trial.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, the DOJ accused Google of <a href="/wiki/Tampering_with_evidence" title="Tampering with evidence">destroying evidence</a> relevant to the lawsuit, and requested that Google be formally sanctioned.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DOJ alleged that Google employees used an internal chat service with "autodelete" settings prior to and during the course of the lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the DOJ, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure" title="Federal Rules of Civil Procedure">Federal Rules of Civil Procedure</a> meant that Google should have ceased the use of auto-deletion of employee chat messages as early as May 2019 in anticipation of a federal lawsuit. Similar accusations were made in the <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Google" title="Epic Games v. Google">Epic Games v. Google</a></i> antitrust case.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Efforts_to_recuse_Jonathan_Kanter">Efforts to recuse Jonathan Kanter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Efforts to recuse Jonathan Kanter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Kanter" title="Jonathan Kanter">Jonathan Kanter</a> as Assistant Attorney General for the DOJ Antitrust Division, Google questioned Kanter's impartiality in the case given his past work for rival companies.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constitutional scholar <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tribe" title="Laurence Tribe">Laurence Tribe</a> criticized Google's claims, arguing they have "little legal basis and strain common sense".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2022, it was reported that Kanter would be barred from working on the case as the DOJ considers mandating his recusal.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google's demands that Kanter recuse himself was met with criticism from politicians from both major parties. Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>), a Democrat, accused Google of engaging in bullying tactics.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kanter was ultimately cleared by the DOJ to participate in the department's scrutiny of Google in January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial_(2023–2024)"><span id="Trial_.282023.E2.80.932024.29"></span>Trial (2023–2024)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Trial (2023–2024)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trial started on September 12, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-politico_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its opening statements, the DOJ accused Google of unlawfully maintaining a monopoly in the search engine market as early as 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google has defended itself from these accusations, with the company arguing that the high quality of its search products allows it to maintain a dominant position in the market.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the trial, Judge Mehta received criticism for closing courtroom access for certain testimonies in the case and for delaying the release of public documents pertaining to the case.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media companies including <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i> filed a motion to increase public trial access.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a week of deliberations between both parties, Mehta decided on September 27 that the DOJ would be permitted to publicly release documents shown in the trial.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the trial centered on Google's deal with Apple to have Google search as the default option on the <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari web browser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witnesses from Google, <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> testified about the impact of Google's annual payments of approximately $10 billion to maintain default status for Google search.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the culmination of the government's case in the week of October 19, 2023, Google began its defense in court on October 26.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial ended up concluding on November 16, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the trial, Judge Mehta announced that closing arguments in the suit would be held in May 2024, and indicated he was uncertain as to how he would end up ruling in the case.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attorneys from both sides reconvened to make their arguments on May 3 and May 4, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Reuters</i> reported that legal analysts expect that there will likely be an appeal in the case, regardless of how it is decided.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How the case is ultimately decided is considered to potentially set precedent that could impact other federal antitrust suits against "Big Tech" companies (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Meta Platforms</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Amazon" title="FTC v. Amazon">Amazon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">Apple</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verdict">Verdict</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Verdict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 5, 2024, Judge <a href="/wiki/Amit_Mehta" title="Amit Mehta">Amit Mehta</a> ruled that Google acted illegally to maintain a monopoly in online search.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a hearing in September 2024, Mehta gave regulators until December 2024 to propose any penalties unto Google, and is likely to rule on those by August 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The DOJ submitted their proposal on how to remedy Google's search monopoly on November 20, requesting that Judge Mehta should force the company to sell their <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a> web browser and either sell the Android operating system or bar making Google services mandatory on <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> devices.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government also requested Mehta to render Google unable to enter into agreements resulting in them automatically being the default search browser, as well as to share company data to rivals for a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-remedytrial_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remedytrial-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google has until December 20, 2024, to file their proposal, before a two-week remedies trial being held in April.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remedies_trial">Remedies trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Remedies trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A trial will be held in April 2025 regarding potential remedies to fix Google's search monopoly, with a ruling by Judge Mehta expected by August 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-remedytrial_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remedytrial-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_public_interest">Analysis and public interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Analysis and public interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The case has attracted public interest amid scrutiny of the four Big Tech companies. <i>United States v. Google LLC</i> has been compared to the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a></i> (2002), a noted antitrust case against <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to John Newman of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami_School_of_Law" title="University of Miami School of Law">University of Miami School of Law</a>, "<i>U.S. v. Google</i> might be the first big case against Big Tech, but it likely won't be the last."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two months after <i>United States v. Google</i> was filed, the FTC would bring on an <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">antitrust case against Facebook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polling by advocacy group <a href="/wiki/Demand_Progress" title="Demand Progress">Demand Progress</a> in October 2020 found that respondents across party lines support the suit by a 48% to 36% margin, with 52% of Republicans and 49% of Democrats found to be in support.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A survey of tech workers at various firms conducted by workplace app Blind in October 2020 found that 57% of tech employees polled believe the suit has merit, though only 13% of Google workers said the same.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 12, 2023, <a href="/wiki/Kent_Walker" title="Kent Walker">Kent Walker</a>, Google's <a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a> of Global Affairs and <a href="/wiki/Chief_legal_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief legal officer">chief legal officer</a> was followed by someone dressed up as <a href="/wiki/Mr._Monopoly" title="Mr. Monopoly">Mr. Monopoly</a>, as he went to attend the antitrust trial at federal court in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_from_elected_officials">Response from elected officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Response from elected officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg/91px-Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg/137px-Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg/182px-Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="3420" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren,_official_portrait,_114th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/93px-Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/140px-Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/186px-Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="2385" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Senators <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> (R-TX) and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (D-MA) spoke favorably about the lawsuit</div></div></div></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> noted that the filing of the lawsuit received praise from both Democratic and Republican politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>-<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>) praised the DOJ for bringing forth a "legitimate, long-time-coming suit against Google for engaging in anti-competitive, manipulative, and often illegal conduct".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>-<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a>) also praised the lawsuit, arguing that "Google abuses its power not just in the search market by using its monopoly power to make billions, but it also uses it to try to <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google#Censorship" title="Criticism of Google">censor the American People</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit received additional praise from Republican Senators <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Representative <a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">Steve Cohen</a> (D-TN) criticized the timing of the case, which was filed just weeks before the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>. On Twitter, Cohen questioned the DOJ's decision to launch the suit so close to the election:</p><blockquote><p>"Why did the #Trump Administration wait until TWO WEEKS before the election to file a lawsuit over #Google's monopoly power? Call me cynical, but if #antitrust enforcement was a real priority at #DOJ, why did they wait until now?"</p></blockquote><p>In response to questions regarding the timing of the case, Deputy Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Rosen" title="Jeffrey A. Rosen">Jeffrey A. Rosen</a> defended the DOJ's timeframe, stating that though "we might have even preferred to be quicker", the DOJ sought to "make sure that we've done the work that's necessary" prior to bringing the case.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_from_Google">Response from Google</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Response from Google"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a>, formerly CEO of both Google and parent company Alphabet Inc., criticized the lawsuit, stating that "There's a difference between <a href="/wiki/Market_dominance" class="mw-redirect" title="Market dominance">dominance</a> and excellence".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Twitter, Google denied the DOJ's allegations, with the company stating that consumers use "Google because they choose to -- not because they're forced to or because they can't find alternatives."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_cases">Related cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Related cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2020, 38 states brought on a similar lawsuit against Google. Co-led by Colorado Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Phil_Weiser" title="Phil Weiser">Phil Weiser</a>, the <i>State of Colorado et al. v. Google LLC</i><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> case reportedly "goes beyond the DOJ's" in its scope of accusations, according to <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2021, attorneys general from 36 states and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> (D.C.) launched an antitrust lawsuit alleging that Google has hindered competition in the <a href="/wiki/App_store" title="App store">app market</a> through its <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a> store policies.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2023, all fifty states as well as D.C. and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> reportedly "reached an agreement in principle" to settle the case.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2023, the DOJ filed a <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2023)">second antitrust suit</a> against Google centered on alleged anti-competitive conduct in the <a href="/wiki/Ad_tech" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad tech">advertising technology</a> (adtech) market.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A spokesperson for Google denied the allegations of the lawsuit and accused the DOJ of trying to "pick winners and losers in the highly competitive advertising technology sector.”<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial began on September 9, 2024 and concluded on September 27, 2024. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reportedly_pending_future_lawsuits">Reportedly pending future lawsuits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reportedly pending future lawsuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to both ongoing federal antitrust lawsuits against Google, it was reported in 2022 that the DOJ was in the process of investigating if Google has engaged in anti-competitive conduct through bundling its <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> service with company software.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> reported that the probe focuses on the <a href="/wiki/Google_Automotive_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Automotive Services">Google Automotive Services</a> (GAS) offering provided to automakers, which includes the Maps service, the <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Play store</a>, and Google's voice assistant. The probe also scrutinizes Google's control of location data through Google Maps.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust cases against Google">Antitrust cases against Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google_by_the_European_Union" title="Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union">Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</a></i>, an ongoing federal antitrust case filed in 2020</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/18552824/united-states-of-america-v-google-llc/">United States v. Google LLC (1:20-cv-03010)</a> docket</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKangMcCabeWakabayashi2020" class="citation news cs1">Kang, Cecilia; McCabe, David; Wakabayashi, Daisuke (October 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/technology/google-antitrust.html">"U.S. Accuses Google of Illegally Protecting Monopoly"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020123008/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/technology/google-antitrust.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oracle America, Inc.</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars" title="Smartphone patent wars">Smartphone patent wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc." title="Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.">Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hibnick_v._Google,_Inc." title="Hibnick v. Google, Inc.">Hibnick v. Google, Inc.</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_Inc." title="United States v. Google Inc.">United States v. Google Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_the_German_Federal_Court_of_Justice_on_Google%27s_autocomplete_function" title="Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function">Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joffe_v._Google,_Inc." title="Joffe v. Google, Inc.">Joffe v. Google, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mosley_v_SARL_Google" title="Mosley v SARL Google">Mosley v SARL Google</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Google_Spain_v_AEPD_and_Mario_Costeja_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González">Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_v._Gaos" title="Frank v. Gaos">Frank v. 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