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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_write_in_the_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_write_in_the_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 How to write in the name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_write_in_the_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Write-in_candidates_may_have_to_register_as_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Write-in_candidates_may_have_to_register_as_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Write-in candidates may have to register as candidates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Write-in_candidates_may_have_to_register_as_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_spoiler_effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_spoiler_effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 The spoiler effect </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_spoiler_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_elections_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_elections_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Primary elections in the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_elections_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Write-in_option_in_a_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Write-in_option_in_a_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Write-in option in a referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Write-in_option_in_a_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contrast_from_a_blank_ballot_election_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contrast_from_a_blank_ballot_election_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Contrast from a blank ballot election system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contrast_from_a_blank_ballot_election_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 United States </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle United States subsection </button> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2024_presidential_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_presidential_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 2024 presidential general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_presidential_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_primary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_primary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Presidential primary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 U.S. Senate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 U.S. House of Representatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_legislatures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_legislatures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 State legislatures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_legislatures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Other elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California's_Proposition_14_impact_on_write-in_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California's_Proposition_14_impact_on_write-in_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 California's Proposition 14 impact on write-in candidates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California's_Proposition_14_impact_on_write-in_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Protest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Write-in candidate</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Ανεπίσημος υποψήφιος εκλογών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανεπίσημος υποψήφιος εκλογών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidato_por_escrito" title="Candidato por escrito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Candidato por escrito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write-in_hautagai" title="Write-in hautagai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Write-in hautagai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نامزد نوشتنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نامزد نوشتنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidat_par_%C3%A9crit" title="Candidat par écrit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Candidat par écrit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%AA%85%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%B4" title="기명후보 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기명후보" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidato_write-in" title="Candidato write-in – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Candidato write-in" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жазылған үміткер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жазылған үміткер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write-in" title="Write-in – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Write-in" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandydat_dopisany_do_listy" title="Kandydat dopisany do listy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kandydat dopisany do listy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidato_write-in" title="Candidato write-in – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Candidato write-in" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidat_%C3%AEn_scris" title="Candidat în scris – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Candidat în scris" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Вписанный кандидат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вписанный кандидат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write-in_candidate" title="Write-in candidate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Write-in candidate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillskriven_kandidat" title="Tillskriven kandidat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tillskriven kandidat" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">Voting</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Vote_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vote_icon.svg/75px-Vote_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vote_icon.svg/113px-Vote_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vote_icon.svg/150px-Vote_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="393" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;border-top:#ddd 1px solid;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Balloting</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">Ballots</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absentee_ballot" title="Absentee ballot">Absentee ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_ballot" title="Provisional ballot">Provisional ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample_ballot" title="Sample ballot">Sample ballot</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Candidate" title="Candidate">Candidates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Ballot measures</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Write-in candidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_(elections)" title="Slate (elections)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_(election)" title="Ticket (election)">Ticket</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Collection</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_box" title="Ballot box">Ballot box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_voting" title="Compulsory voting">Compulsory voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_voting" title="Early voting">Early voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">Electronic voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_ballot_system" title="Open ballot system">Open ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polling_place" class="mw-redirect" title="Polling place">Polling place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting" title="Postal voting">Postal voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Precinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_center" title="Vote center">Vote center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_booth" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting booth">Voting booth</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Vote_counting" title="Vote counting">Counting</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_vote_(representative_democracy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular vote (representative democracy)">Popular vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_(voting)" title="Tally (voting)">Tally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_machine" title="Voting machine">Voting machine</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;border-top:#ddd 1px solid;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral systems">Electoral systems</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">Plurality and majoritarian systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">Two-round system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">Instant-runoff voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">Plurality-at-large voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_ticket" title="General ticket">General ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usual_judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Usual judgment">Usual judgment</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proportional and semi-proportional systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_non-transferable_vote" title="Single non-transferable vote">Single non-transferable vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumulative_voting" title="Cumulative voting">Cumulative voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binomial_voting_system" title="Binomial voting system">Binomial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">Party-list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Single transferable voting">Single transferable voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spare_vote" title="Spare vote">Spare vote</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_electoral_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed electoral systems">Mixed-member systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">Mixed-member proportional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additional_member_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Additional member system">Additional member system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_single_vote" title="Mixed single vote">Mixed single vote (positive vote transfer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorporo" title="Scorporo">Scorporo (negative vote transfer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_ballot_transferable_vote" title="Mixed ballot transferable vote">Mixed ballot transferable vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Vote_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Vote Plus">Alternative Vote Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-member_proportional_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-member proportional representation">Dual-member proportional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural%E2%80%93urban_proportional_representation" title="Rural–urban proportional representation">Rural–urban proportional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_bonus_system" title="Majority bonus system">Majority bonus system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">Parallel voting (Mixed member majoritarian)</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;border-top:#ddd 1px solid;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Voting strategies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issue_voting" title="Issue voting">Issue voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral fusion">Fusion voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-ticket_voting" title="Split-ticket voting">Split-ticket voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-ticket_voting" title="Straight-ticket voting">Straight-ticket voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical voting">Tactical voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_pairing" title="Vote pairing">Vote pairing</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Protest_vote" title="Protest vote">Protest votes</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_vote" title="Donkey vote">Donkey vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_boycott" title="Election boycott">Election boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/None_of_the_above" title="None of the above">None of the above</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refused_ballot" title="Refused ballot">Refused ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoilt_vote" title="Spoilt vote">Spoilt vote</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;border-top:#ddd 1px solid;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Voting patterns and effects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coattail_effect" title="Coattail effect">Coattail effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_advice_application" title="Voting advice application">Voting advice application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_segments_in_political_polling" title="Voter segments in political polling">Likely voter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradox_of_voting" title="Paradox of voting">Paradox of voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_electioneering" title="Passive electioneering">Passive electioneering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">Vote splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_apathy" title="Political apathy">Political apathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_fatigue" title="Voter fatigue">Voter fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Voter turnout</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Protest_vote" title="Protest vote">Protest votes</a></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;border-top:#ddd 1px solid;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">Electoral fraud</a> and prevention</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_harvesting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot harvesting">Ballot harvesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_stuffing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot stuffing">Ballot stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_intimidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Voter intimidation">Voter intimidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_buying" title="Vote buying">Vote buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_caging" title="Voter caging">Voter caging</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Prevention</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_ink" title="Election ink">Election ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">Secret ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_registration" title="Voter registration">Voter registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-to-end_verifiable_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="End-to-end verifiable voting">End-to-end verifiable voting</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Voting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Voting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Voting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Voting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> A write-in candidate is a <a href="/wiki/Candidate" title="Candidate">candidate</a> whose name does not appear on the <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballot</a> but seeks election by asking voters to cast a <a href="/wiki/Vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote">vote</a> for the candidate by physically writing in the person's name on the ballot. Depending on electoral law it may be possible to win an election by winning a sufficient number of such write-in votes, which count equally as if the person were formally listed on the ballot. Writing in a name that is not already on the election ballot is considered a practice of the United States. However, some other jurisdictions have allowed this practice. In the United States, there are variations in laws governing write-in candidates, depending on the office (federal or local) and whether the election is a primary election or the general election; general practice is an empty field close by annotated to explain its purpose on the ballot if it applies. In five U.S. states there are no elections to which it can apply, under their present laws. Election laws are enacted by each state and in the District of Columbia, to apply to their voters. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_to_write_in_the_name">How to write in the name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: How to write in the name">edit</a>]</div> Some <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. states</a> and local jurisdictions allow a voter to affix a sticker, with the write-in candidate's name, to the ballot in lieu of actually writing in the candidate's name. Write-in candidacies are sometimes a result of a candidate being legally or procedurally ineligible to run under their own name or party; write-in candidacies may be permitted where term limits bar an incumbent candidate from being officially nominated for, or being listed on the ballot for, re-election. They are also typically used when a candidate, often an incumbent has lost a primary election but still wishes to contest the general election. In some cases, write-in campaigns have been organized to support a candidate who is not personally involved in running; this may be a form of <a href="/wiki/Draft_(politics)" title="Draft (politics)">draft</a> campaign. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Write-in_candidates_may_have_to_register_as_candidates">Write-in candidates may have to register as candidates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Write-in candidates may have to register as candidates">edit</a>]</div> Write-in candidates have won elections on rare occasions. Also, write-in votes are sometimes cast for <a href="/wiki/Protest_vote" title="Protest vote">ineligible people or fictional characters</a>. Some jurisdictions require write-in candidates be registered as official candidates before the election.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> This is standard in elections with a large pool of potential candidates, as there may be multiple candidates with the same name that could be written in. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_spoiler_effect">The spoiler effect</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The spoiler effect">edit</a>]</div> In some cases, the number of write-in votes cast in an election is greater than the entire margin of victory, suggesting that the write-ins may have been sufficient to tip the balance and change the outcome of the election by creating a <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">spoiler effect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_elections_in_the_United_States">Primary elections in the United States</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Primary elections in the United States">edit</a>]</div> Many U.S. states and municipalities allow for write-in votes in a partisan <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary election</a> where no candidate is listed on the ballot to have the same functional effect as nominating petitions: for example, if there are no <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a> members on the ballot for state general assembly and a candidate receives more than 200 write-in votes when the primary election is held (or the other number of signatures that were required for ballot access), the candidate will be placed on the ballot on that ballot line for the general election. In most places, this provision is in place for <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">non-partisan</a> elections as well. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Write-in_option_in_a_referendum">Write-in option in a referendum</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Write-in option in a referendum">edit</a>]</div> A write-in option may occasionally be available in a <a href="/wiki/Referendum#Multiple-choice_referendums" title="Referendum">multiple-choice referendum</a>; for example in the <a href="/wiki/January_1982_Guamanian_status_referendum" title="January 1982 Guamanian status referendum">January 1982 Guamanian status referendum</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contrast_from_a_blank_ballot_election_system">Contrast from a blank ballot election system</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contrast from a blank ballot election system">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidentinvaalit_2018_-_%C3%A4%C3%A4nestyslippu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blank ballot piece of folded card with an empty circle printed on the right-side were voter have to write the unique number assigned to their preferred candidate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidentinvaalit_2018_-_%C3%A4%C3%A4nestyslippu.jpg/220px-Presidentinvaalit_2018_-_%C3%A4%C3%A4nestyslippu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidentinvaalit_2018_-_%C3%A4%C3%A4nestyslippu.jpg/330px-Presidentinvaalit_2018_-_%C3%A4%C3%A4nestyslippu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidentinvaalit_2018_-_%C3%A4%C3%A4nestyslippu.jpg/440px-Presidentinvaalit_2018_-_%C3%A4%C3%A4nestyslippu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2018_Finnish_presidential_election" title="2018 Finnish presidential election">2018 Finnish presidential election</a> ballot</figcaption></figure> The term "write-in candidate" is used in elections in which names of candidates or parties are preprinted on a paper ballot or displayed on an electronic voting machine. The term is not generally used in elections in which all ballots are blank and thus all voters must write in the names of their preferred candidates. Blank ballot election systems reduce the cost of printing the ballots, but increase the complexity of casting and counting votes. Such systems are <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">used in Japan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cox2016-3">[3]</a> and were used in the past in the <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-Schaffer2008-4">[4]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">elections in the Philippines</a> from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> until the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">2010 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schaffer2016-5">[5]</a> Some systems use a semi-blank ballot, such as Finland, where the voter must fill in a candidate's given number or letter from a separate ballot, but where there is a clear-cut arrangement with a circle or box with a description of how to vote for a given candidate.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Blank-ballot systems typically require candidates to be nominated in advance. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_write-in_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US_write-in_2024.svg/250px-US_write-in_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US_write-in_2024.svg/375px-US_write-in_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US_write-in_2024.svg/500px-US_write-in_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Requirements for write-in candidates in the 2024 United States general election <table><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> </td><td>Registration not required</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td><td>Registration required</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td><td>Write-in not allowed for president, registration required for other offices</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td><td>Write-in only allowed for substitutes</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td><td>Write-in not allowed</td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> The requirements to appear on the general election ballot as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent candidate</a> or to have write-in votes counted vary by state and by political office sought. As of 2024, 40 states and the District of Columbia allow write-in votes on their ballots, including for president; Alaska, New Mexico and South Carolina allow write-in candidates for some offices but not for president; Mississippi allows write-in votes only to substitute a candidate listed on the ballot who was removed, withdrew or died; Arkansas, Hawaii, Louisiana, Nevada, Oklahoma and South Dakota do not allow any write-in votes. Most of the jurisdictions allowing write-in votes require that the write-in candidates register by a certain date for their votes to be counted. Typically this registration consists only of a declaration of candidacy, but some states also require signatures of a certain number of voters, additional paperwork or fees. The deadline to register as a write-in candidate is usually later than to petition to be listed on the ballot. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_presidential_general_election">2024 presidential general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2024 presidential general election">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:1.3"> <caption>Requirements for independent candidates for president in the 2024 United States general election </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">State or district</th> <th colspan="3">Petition to be listed on ballot</th> <th colspan="3">Registration as write-in candidate</th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Sources </th></tr> <tr> <th>signatures</th> <th data-sort-type="currency">fee</th> <th>deadline</th> <th>signatures</th> <th data-sort-type="currency">fee</th> <th>deadline </th></tr> <tr> <td>Alabama</td> <td align="right">5,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 15</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td align="right">3,614</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 7</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed for president</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arizona</td> <td align="right">42,303</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 17</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 26</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arkansas</td> <td align="right">5,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 5</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td align="right">219,403</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 9</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 22</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colorado</td> <td align="right">12,000<a href="#cite_note-17">[a]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 11</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 18</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td align="right">7,500</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 7<a href="#cite_note-20">[b]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 7</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Delaware</td> <td align="right">7,690<a href="#cite_note-25">[c]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 3</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 20</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-delaware-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District of Columbia</td> <td align="right">4,573</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 7</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>November 12</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td align="right">145,040</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 15</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 2</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georgia</td> <td align="right">7,500</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>June 21<a href="#cite_note-30">[d]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 3<a href="#cite_note-32">[e]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-georgia1-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-georgia2-31">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td align="right">5,798</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 7</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Idaho</td> <td align="right">1,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>March 15</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 6</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Illinois</td> <td align="right">25,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>June 24</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 5</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indiana</td> <td align="right">36,943</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 1</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 3</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iowa</td> <td align="right">3,500<a href="#cite_note-38">[f]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 24</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kansas</td> <td align="right">5,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 5</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">$20</td> <td>October 14</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kentucky</td> <td align="right">5,000</td> <td align="right">$500</td> <td>September 6</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">$50</td> <td>October 25</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-42">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Louisiana<a href="#cite_note-either-44">[g]</a></td> <td align="right">5,000<a href="#cite_note-45">[h]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 24</td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-46">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">$500</td> <td>August 23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td align="right">4,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 25</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 27</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-48">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td align="right">10,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 1</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 17<a href="#cite_note-50">[i]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-51">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td align="right">10,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 30</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 6</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-52">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michigan</td> <td align="right">12,000<a href="#cite_note-53">[j]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 18</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 31</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-54">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minnesota</td> <td align="right">2,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 20</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 29</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-55">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mississippi</td> <td align="right">1,000</td> <td align="right">$2,500</td> <td>September 6</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in only allowed for substitutes</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-56">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Missouri</td> <td align="right">10,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 29</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 25</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-58">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Montana</td> <td align="right">5,000</td> <td align="right">$1,740<a href="#cite_note-fee-60">[k]</a></td> <td>August 14</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">$1,740</td> <td>September 10</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-61">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nebraska</td> <td align="right">2,500</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 1</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 25</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-62">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nevada</td> <td align="right">10,096<a href="#cite_note-66">[l]</a></td> <td align="right">$250</td> <td>August 9</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-nevada-64">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Hampshire</td> <td align="right">3,000<a href="#cite_note-68">[m]</a></td> <td align="right">$250</td> <td>August 7</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-69">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td align="right">800</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 29</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-71">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Mexico</td> <td align="right">3,561</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>June 27</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed for president</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-73">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td align="right">45,000<a href="#cite_note-74">[n]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>May 28</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 15</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-75">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Carolina</td> <td align="right">83,188<a href="#cite_note-78">[o]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>March 5</td> <td align="right">500</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 23<a href="#cite_note-80">[p]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-81">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-northcarolina-79">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Dakota</td> <td align="right">4,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 3</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 15</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-82">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ohio</td> <td align="right">5,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 7</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 26</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-83">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Oklahoma<a href="#cite_note-either-44">[g]</a></td> <td align="right">34,599</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td rowspan="2">July 15</td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-84">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">$35,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oregon</td> <td align="right">23,744<a href="#cite_note-86">[q]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 13</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-87">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pennsylvania</td> <td align="right">5,000</td> <td align="right">$200</td> <td>August 1</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-89">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td align="right">1,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>June 26</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-91">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td align="right">10,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 15</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed for president</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-93">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Dakota</td> <td align="right">3,502</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 6</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Write-in not allowed</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-94">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tennessee</td> <td align="right">275</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 15</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 18</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-95">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Texas</td> <td align="right">113,151</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>May 13</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 19</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-96">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Utah</td> <td align="right">1,000</td> <td align="right">$500</td> <td>June 18</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">$500</td> <td>September 3</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-97">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vermont</td> <td align="right">1,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 1</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-100">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td align="right">5,000<a href="#cite_note-101">[r]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 23</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 28</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-virginia-102">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td align="right">1,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>July 17<a href="#cite_note-104">[s]</a></td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>November 5</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-105">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Virginia</td> <td align="right">7,947</td> <td align="right">$2,500</td> <td>August 1</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>September 17</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-106">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wisconsin</td> <td align="right">2,000</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>August 6</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td>October 22</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-108">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wyoming</td> <td align="right">3,891</td> <td align="right">$750</td> <td>August 26</td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Registration not required</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-109">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[91]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Including at least 1,500 from each <a href="/wiki/Colorado%27s_congressional_districts" title="Colorado's congressional districts">congressional district</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> July 31 if submitted to the Secretary of the State, or August 7 if submitted to town clerks. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> 1% of 768,978 registered voters as of December 31, 2023,<a href="#cite_note-delaware-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> rounded up to the next integer. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Deadline to file list of candidates for presidential electors. Additional forms are required at later dates.<a href="#cite_note-georgia1-29">[26]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Deadline to file notice of candidacy. An additional form is required at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-georgia2-31">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Including at least 100 from each of 19 <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Iowa" title="List of counties in Iowa">counties</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-either-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-either_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-either_44-1">b</a> Candidates qualify by providing either the signatures or the fee. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Including at least 500 from each <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_congressional_districts" title="Louisiana's congressional districts">congressional district</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Or 7 days after the candidate's campaign spends more than $51, whichever occurs first. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Including at least 100 from each of half of <a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_congressional_districts" title="Michigan's congressional districts">congressional districts</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-fee-60"><a href="#cite_ref-fee_60-0">^</a> Not required if the candidate is unable to pay. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> 1% of 1,009,503 votes for U.S. representatives in the 2022 general election,<a href="#cite_note-nevada-64">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[54]</a> rounded up to the next integer. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Including at least 1,500 from each <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_congressional_districts" title="New Hampshire's congressional districts">congressional district</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Including at least 500 from each of half of <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">congressional districts</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Including at least 200 from each of three <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_congressional_districts" title="North Carolina's congressional districts">congressional districts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[63]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Deadline to file signatures with county boards of elections. They must also be filed with the state board of elections at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-northcarolina-79">[64]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Or 1,000 in an assembly in one place and time. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Including at least 200 from each <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_congressional_districts" title="Virginia's congressional districts">congressional district</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Deadline to publish notice of convention. Additional forms are required at later dates. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_primary">Presidential primary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Presidential primary">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968 Democratic presidential primary</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, incumbent President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> did not file, but received write-ins totaling 50% of all Democratic votes cast. Senator <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a>, who campaigned actively against Johnson's <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> policies, was on the ballot. He received 41% of the vote and gained more delegates than the President, who was reportedly "so stunned that <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election#Johnson_withdraws" title="1968 United States presidential election">he did not run for reelection</a>".<a href="#cite_note-111">[92]</a></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_presidential_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Democratic presidential primary">1992 Democratic presidential primary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_presidential_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Republican presidential primary">1992 Republican presidential primary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consumer_activism" title="Consumer activism">consumer advocate</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> ran a write-in campaign during the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential nomination">presidential nomination</a> of both parties. Declaring himself the "<a href="/wiki/None_of_the_above" title="None of the above">none of the above</a> candidate" and using his <a href="/wiki/Concord_Principles" title="Concord Principles">Concord Principles</a> as his platform, Nader received 3,054 votes from <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and 3,258 votes from <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[94]</a></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/2024_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2024 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary">2024 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary</a>, incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> received 79,100 write-in votes, more than any listed candidate. Biden did not run in primary because of a dispute between the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire Democratic Party</a> regarding the scheduling of that year's Democratic presidential primary.<a href="#cite_note-114">[95]</a> Biden did not support the write-in effort mounted by his supporters.<a href="#cite_note-115">[96]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Senate">U.S. Senate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: U.S. Senate">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor_Strom_Thurmond_b%26w_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Governor_Strom_Thurmond_b%26w_crop.jpg/151px-Governor_Strom_Thurmond_b%26w_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Governor_Strom_Thurmond_b%26w_crop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="271" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Murkowski_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lisa_Murkowski_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/153px-Lisa_Murkowski_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lisa_Murkowski_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/230px-Lisa_Murkowski_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lisa_Murkowski_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/306px-Lisa_Murkowski_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2722" data-file-height="3322" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> (<a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina, 1954</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> (<a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2010 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska, 2010</a>) are the only U.S. Senate candidates to win an election via write-in and defeat candidates with ballot access.</div></div></div></div> <ul><li>Republican <a href="/wiki/William_Knowland" title="William Knowland">William Knowland</a> was <a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 United States Senate election in California">elected in 1946</a> to the U.S. Senate from California, for a two-month term. The special election for the two-month term featured a November ballot with no names printed on it, and all candidates in that special election were write-in candidates.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost-2010-11-03-Wilgoren-Murkowski-116">[97]</a></li> <li>Democrat <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> was <a href="/wiki/1954_South_Carolina_United_States_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 South Carolina United States Senate election">elected in 1954</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> as a write-in candidate, after state Democratic leaders had blocked him from receiving the party's nomination.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost-2010-11-03-Wilgoren-Murkowski-116">[97]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2010 United States Senate election in Alaska">2010</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Alaska">Alaska Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> lost the Republican primary to <a href="/wiki/Joe_Miller_(Alaska_politician)" title="Joe Miller (Alaska politician)">Joe Miller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[98]</a> Following her defeat she ran in the general election as a write-in candidate. Murkowski had filed, and won, a lawsuit requiring election officials to have the list of names of write-in candidates distributed at the polls,<a href="#cite_note-118">[99]</a> and subsequently won the election with a wide enough margin over both Miller, and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Scott_T._McAdams" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott T. McAdams">Scott T. McAdams</a>, to make moot <a href="/wiki/Miller_v._Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Miller v. Campbell">the write-in ballots that had been challenged by Miller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[100]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska">2020</a>, Chris Janicek won the Democratic Senatorial nomination, but during the campaign he sent out sexually inappropriate text messages to staffers causing the Nebraska Democratic Party to withdraw its support from him.<a href="#cite_note-120">[101]</a> The Nebraska Democratic Party attempted to replace Janicek with Alisha Shelton, but Janicek refused to drop out preventing the replacement. <a href="/wiki/Preston_Love_Jr." title="Preston Love Jr.">Preston Love Jr.</a> later announced his intention to run a write-in senatorial campaign and received the support of the Nebraska Democratic Party, making him the first black person to receive the support of a major party for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in Nebraska. They lost to Republican incumbent <a href="/wiki/Ben_Sasse" title="Ben Sasse">Ben Sasse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[104]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In 1918, <a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Tague" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter F. Tague">Peter F. Tague</a> was elected to the U.S. House as a write-in independent Democrat, defeating the Democratic nominee, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a>.</li> <li>In 1930 Republican <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Curry_Jr." title="Charles F. Curry Jr.">Charles F. Curry Jr.</a> was elected to the House as a write-in from Sacramento, California. His father, <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">Congressman</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Curry" title="Charles F. Curry">Charles F. Curry</a> Sr., would have been listed on the ballot unopposed but, due to his untimely death, his name was removed and no candidate's name was listed on the ballot.</li> <li>In 1958, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Dale_Alford" title="Dale Alford">Dale Alford</a> was elected as a write-in candidate to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in Arkansas. As member of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_School_District" title="Little Rock School District">Little Rock school board</a>, Alford launched his write-in campaign a week before the election because the incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Hays" title="Brooks Hays">Brooks Hays</a>, was involved in the incident in which <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">president Eisenhower</a> sent federal troops to enforce <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">racial integration</a> at <a href="/wiki/Central_High_School_(Little_Rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central High School (Little Rock)">Little Rock Central High School</a>. Racial integration was unpopular at the time, and Alford won by approximately 1,200 votes, a 2% margin.<a href="#cite_note-Rudin-124">[105]</a></li> <li>In 1964 Democrat <a href="/wiki/Gale_Schisler" title="Gale Schisler">Gale Schisler</a> was nominated for Congress in Illinois as a write-in candidate when no Democrat filed to run in the primary election. He defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/Robert_McLoskey" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert McLoskey">Robert McLoskey</a> in the November General Election.</li> <li>In November 1980, Republican <a href="/wiki/Joe_Skeen" title="Joe Skeen">Joe Skeen</a> was elected to Congress in New Mexico as a write-in candidate, because of a <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_candidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoiler candidate">spoiler candidate</a> who also happened to be a write-in. No Republican had filed to run against the incumbent Democrat, <a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Runnels" title="Harold L. Runnels">Harold L. Runnels</a>, before the close of filing. Runnels died on August 5, 1980, and the Democrats requested a special primary to pick a replacement candidate. The New Mexico Secretary of State allowed the Democrats to have a special primary, but did not allow the Republicans to have a special primary, because they had already gone with no candidate. So Skeen ran as a write-in candidate. After Runnels' widow lost the Democratic special primary, she launched her own write-in candidacy, which <a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">split the Democratic vote</a>, taking enough votes from the Democratic nominee to <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">give the election</a> to the Republican, Skeen, who won with a 38% <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rudin-124">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Packard" title="Ron Packard">Ron Packard</a> of California finished in second place in the 18-candidate Republican primary to replace the retiring <a href="/wiki/Clair_Burgener" title="Clair Burgener">Clair Burgener</a>. Packard lost the primary by 92 votes in 1982, and then mounted a write-in campaign as an independent. He won the election with a 37% <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> against both a Republican and a Democratic candidate. Following the elections, he re-aligned himself as a Republican.<a href="#cite_note-Rudin-124">[105]</a></li> <li>Democrat <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Wilson_(Ohio_politician)" title="Charlie Wilson (Ohio politician)">Charlie Wilson</a> was the endorsed candidate of the Democratic Party for <a href="/wiki/Ohio%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 6th congressional district">Ohio's 6th congressional district</a> in Ohio to replace <a href="/wiki/Ted_Strickland" title="Ted Strickland">Ted Strickland</a> in 2006. Strickland was running for Governor, and had to give up his congressional seat. Wilson, though, did not qualify for the ballot because only 46 of the 96 signatures on his candidacy petition were deemed valid, while 50 valid signatures were required for ballot placement. The Democratic Party continued to support Wilson, and an expensive primary campaign ensued – over $1 million was spent by both parties. Wilson overwhelmingly won the Democratic primary as a write-in candidate on May 2, 2006, against two Democratic candidates whose names were on the ballot, with Wilson collecting 44,367 votes, 67% of the Democratic votes cast.<a href="#cite_note-125">[106]</a> Wilson faced <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> Chuck Blasdel in the general election on November 7, 2006, and won, receiving 61% of the votes.</li> <li>Democrat <a href="/wiki/Dave_Loebsack" title="Dave Loebsack">Dave Loebsack</a> entered the 2006 Democratic primary in Iowa's second congressional district as a write-in candidate after failing to get the required number of signatures. He won the primary and in the general election he defeated 15-term incumbent <a href="/wiki/Jim_Leach" title="Jim Leach">Jim Leach</a> by a 51% to 49% margin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_McNerney" title="Jerry McNerney">Jerry McNerney</a> ran as a write-in candidate in the March 2004 Democratic Primary in <a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="California's 11th congressional district">California's 11th congressional district</a>. He received 1,667 votes (3% of the votes cast), and, having no opposition (no candidates were listed on the Democratic primary ballot), won the primary.<a href="#cite_note-126">[107]</a> Although he lost the November 2004 general election to Republican <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pombo" title="Richard Pombo">Richard Pombo</a>, McNerney ran again in 2006 (as a candidate listed on the ballot) and won the Democratic Primary in June, and then the rematch against Pombo in November.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Sekula-Gibbs" title="Shelley Sekula-Gibbs">Shelley Sekula-Gibbs</a> failed as a write-in candidate in the November 7, 2006, election to represent the 22nd Texas congressional district in the <a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th Congress</a> (for the full term commencing January 3, 2007). The seat had been vacant since June 9, 2006, due to the resignation of the then representative <a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">Tom DeLay</a>. Therefore, on the same ballot, there were two races: one for the 110th Congress, as well as a race for the unexpired portion of the term during the <a href="/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th Congress</a> (until January 3, 2007). Sekula-Gibbs won the race for the unexpired portion of the term during the 109th Congress as a candidate listed on the ballot. She could not be listed on the ballot for the full term because Texas law did not allow a replacement candidate to be listed on the ballot after the winner of the primary (Tom DeLay) has resigned.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">Peter Welch</a>, a Democrat representing <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>'s sole congressional district, became both the Democratic and Republican nominee for the House when he ran for re-election in <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Vermont" title="2008 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont">2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Vermont" title="2016 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont">2016</a>. Because the Republicans did not field any candidate on the primary ballot in those elections, Welch won enough write-in votes to win the Republican nomination.<a href="#cite_note-VT_Times_Agnus-127">[108]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_legislatures">State legislatures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: State legislatures">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Several members of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a> were elected as write-in candidates during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly from <a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Alaska)" title="The Bush (Alaska)">rural districts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Far_North_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Far North Alaska">northern and western portions of the state</a>. Factors in play at the time include the newness of Alaska as a state and the previous absence of electoral politics in many of the rural communities, creating an environment which made it hard to attract candidates to file for office during the official filing period. Most of the areas in question were largely populated by <a href="/wiki/Alaska_natives" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska natives">Alaska natives</a>, who held little political power in Alaska at the time. This only began to change following the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Federation_of_Natives" title="Alaska Federation of Natives">Alaska Federation of Natives</a> and the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Claims_Settlement_Act" title="Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act">Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act</a>. Known examples of successful write-in candidates include Kenneth A. Garrison and <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Father</a> <a href="/wiki/Segundo_Llorente" title="Segundo Llorente">Segundo Llorente</a> (1960), Frank R. Ferguson (1972), James H. "Jimmy" Huntington (1974), and Nels A. Anderson Jr. (1976). The incumbent in Llorente's election, Axel C. Johnson, ran for re-election as a write-in candidate after failing to formally file his candidacy paperwork. Johnson and Llorente, as write-in candidates, both outpolled the one candidate who did appear on the ballot. Ferguson and Anderson were both incumbents who launched their write-in campaigns after being defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary election</a>. Anderson's main opponent, Joseph McGill, had himself won election to the House in 1970 against a write-in candidate by only five votes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hawkinson" title="Carl Hawkinson">Carl Hawkinson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galesburg,_Illinois" title="Galesburg, Illinois">Galesburg, Illinois</a> won the Republican primary for the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senate</a> from Illinois's 47th District in 1986 as a write-in candidate. He went on to be elected in the general election and served until 2003. Hawkinson defeated another write-in, David Leitch, in the primary. Incumbent State Senator Prescott Bloom died in a home fire after the filing date for the primary had passed.</li> <li>Arizona state senator <a href="/wiki/Don_Shooter" title="Don Shooter">Don Shooter</a> won the 2010 primary as a write-in and went on to win the general election.</li> <li>After failing to receive the Republican Party's 1990 <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Pakula" title="Wilson Pakula">Wilson Pakula</a> nomination, incumbent and registered <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative</a> New York State Senator <a href="/wiki/Serphin_Maltese" class="mw-redirect" title="Serphin Maltese">Serphin Maltese</a> won the party's nomination as a write-in candidate.<a href="#cite_note-128">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Burks" title="Charlotte Burks">Charlotte Burks</a> won as a Democratic write-in candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Senate" title="Tennessee Senate">Tennessee Senate</a> seat left vacant when the incumbent, her husband <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Burks" title="Tommy Burks">Tommy</a>, was assassinated by his opponent, <a href="/wiki/Byron_Looper" title="Byron Looper">Byron Looper</a>, two weeks before the elections of November 2, 1998. The assassin was the only name on the ballot, so Charlotte ran as a write-in candidate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Brinks" title="Winnie Brinks">Winnie Brinks</a> was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">Michigan House of Representatives</a> in 2012 after a series of unusual events. In May of that year, State Representative Roy Schmidt – who had previously filed to run for re-election as a Democrat – withdrew from the Democratic primary and re-filed as a Republican. A friend of Schmidt's nephew filed to run as a Democrat, but withdrew two days later amid anger among local Democrats. This left Democrats without a candidate. Brinks ran as a write-in to be the Democratic nominee. She won the primary and was listed on the ballot in the general election, which she also won. Coincidentally, the general election also saw a write-in candidate, Bing Goei, receive significant support.<a href="#cite_note-129">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Wagner" title="Scott Wagner">Scott Wagner</a> was elected as an anti-establishment Republican write-in candidate to the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Senate">Pennsylvania Senate</a> in a March 2014 special election over endorsed Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Ron_Miller_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Ron Miller (Pennsylvania politician)">Ron Miller</a> and Democrat Linda Small.<a href="#cite_note-130">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Freitas" title="Nick Freitas">Nick Freitas</a> was re-elected as a write-in candidate after missing a filing deadline to appear on the ballot in the Virginia House of Delegates.<a href="#cite_note-131">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[113]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Local government">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Angela Allen was elected mayor of <a href="/wiki/Tar_Heel,_North_Carolina" title="Tar Heel, North Carolina">Tar Heel, North Carolina</a> (population 115), as a write-in candidate in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-133">[114]</a></li> <li>Julia Allen of <a href="/wiki/Readington_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Readington Township, New Jersey">Readington, New Jersey</a>, won a write-in campaign in the November 2005 elections for the Township Committee,<a href="#cite_note-134">[115]</a> after a candidate accused of corruption had won the primary.<a href="#cite_note-135">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ammiano" title="Tom Ammiano">Tom Ammiano</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Board_of_Supervisors" title="San Francisco Board of Supervisors">San Francisco Board of Supervisors</a>, entered the race for mayor of San Francisco as a write-in candidate two weeks before the 1999 general election. He received 25% of the vote, coming in second place and forcing incumbent Mayor <a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff election</a>, which Brown won by margin of 59% to 40%. In 2001, the campaign was immortalized in the award-winning documentary film See How They Run.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Brinkley" title="John R. Brinkley">John R. Brinkley</a> ran as a write-in candidate for governor of Kansas in 1930. He was motivated at least in part by the state's revocation of his medical license and attempts to shut down his clinic, where he performed alternative medical procedures including transplantation of goat glands into humans. He won 29.5% of the vote in a three-way race. Brinkley's medical and political career are documented in Pope Brock's book Charlatan.<a href="#cite_note-136">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Duggan" title="Mike Duggan">Mike Duggan</a> filed petition to run for mayor of <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> in 2013; however, following a court challenge, Duggan's name was removed from the ballot. Duggan then campaigned as a write-in in the August 2013 primary, with the intent of being one of the top two vote-getters and thus advancing to the general election in November. Duggan received the highest number of votes in the primary, and advanced to the runoff in November. He eventually defeated challenger Sheriff Benny Napoleon and became the mayor of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-137">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Frye" title="Donna Frye">Donna Frye</a> ran as a write-in candidate for mayor of San Diego in 2004. A controversy erupted when several thousand votes for her were not counted because the voters had failed to fill in the bubble next to the write-in line. Had those votes been counted, she would have won the election.<a href="#cite_note-138">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jarjura" title="Michael Jarjura">Michael Jarjura</a> was re-elected mayor of <a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury, Connecticut</a>, in 2005 as a write-in candidate after losing the Democratic party primary to Karen Mulcahy, who used to serve as Waterbury's tax collector before Jarjura fired her in 2004 "for what he claimed was her rude and abusive conduct toward citizens".<a href="#cite_note-139">[120]</a> After spending $100,000 on a general elections write-in campaign,<a href="#cite_note-140">[121]</a> Jarjura received 7,907 votes, enough for a plurality of 39%.<a href="#cite_note-141">[122]</a></li> <li>James Maher won the mayorship of <a href="/wiki/Baxter_Estates,_New_York" title="Baxter Estates, New York">Baxter Estates, New York</a>, on March 15, 2005, as a write-in candidate with 29 votes. Being the only one on the ballot, the incumbent mayor, James Neville, did not campaign, as he did not realize that there was a write-in campaign going on. Neville received only 13 votes.<a href="#cite_note-142">[123]</a></li> <li>Beverly O'Neil won a third term as Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a>, as a write-in candidate in 2002. The Long Beach City City Charter has a <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limit</a> amendment that says a candidate cannot be on the ballot after two full terms, but does not prevent the person from running as a write-in candidate.<a href="#cite_note-143">[124]</a> She finished first in a seven-candidate primary, but did not receive more than 50% of the vote, forcing a runoff contest. In the runoff, still restricted from the ballot, she got roughly 47% of the vote in a three-way election that included a second write-in candidate.<a href="#cite_note-144">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sessions" title="Michael Sessions">Michael Sessions</a>, an 18-year-old high school senior, won as a write-in candidate for Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Hillsdale,_Michigan" title="Hillsdale, Michigan">Hillsdale, Michigan</a>, in 2005. He was too young to qualify for the ballot.</li> <li>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Byron_Brown" title="Byron Brown">Byron Brown</a>, the incumbent mayor of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, defeated <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> challenger <a href="/wiki/India_Walton" title="India Walton">India Walton</a> in the general election, by running a successful write-in campaign after losing the Democratic primary to Walton.<a href="#cite_note-145">[126]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Galesburg,_Illinois" title="Galesburg, Illinois">Galesburg, Illinois</a>, an error by the Galesburg Election Commission<a href="#cite_note-wgil.com-146">[127]</a> in late 2010 gave city council candidate Chuck Reynolds the wrong number of signatures he required to be on the ballot for the April 2011 city council election,<a href="#cite_note-147">[128]</a> resulting in his removal from the ballot when challenged by incumbent Russell Fleming.<a href="#cite_note-wgil.com-146">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[129]</a> Reynolds ran as a write-in vote<a href="#cite_note-149">[130]</a> in the April 2011 election, and lost by nine votes.<a href="#cite_note-150">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_A._Williams" title="Anthony A. Williams">Anthony A. Williams</a>, then incumbent Mayor of Washington, D.C., was forced to run as a write-in candidate in the 2002 Democratic primary, because he had too many invalid signatures for his petition. He won the Democratic primary, and went on to win re-election.</li> <li>In the November 8, 2011, election for <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth%27s_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth's Attorney">Commonwealth's Attorney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia" title="Richmond County, Virginia">Richmond County, Virginia</a>, 16-year incumbent Wayne Emery was certified the winner as a write-in candidate over challenger James Monroe by a margin of 53 votes (2.4%) out of 2,230 votes cast, after his petitions were challenged and his name was removed from the ballot.<a href="#cite_note-152">[133]</a></li> <li>In the August 4, 2020, primary election of <a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti_Township,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ypsilanti Township, Michigan">Ypsilanti Township, Michigan</a>, Monica Ross-Williams, a then Ypsilanti Township Trustee,<a href="#cite_note-153">[134]</a> received 3,478 write-in votes for Ypsilanti Township Clerk, for the highest number of write-in votes in any election in Washtenaw County, Michigan history.<a href="#cite_note-154">[135]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]</li> <li>In the 1997 election for Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Talkeetna,_Alaska" title="Talkeetna, Alaska">Talkeetna, Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stubbs_(cat)" title="Stubbs (cat)">Stubbs the Cat</a> won over the two human candidates. He was re-elected every mayoral election thereafter, and served until his death on July 2, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-155">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[137]</a></li> <li>In 2011, in <a href="/wiki/Pacific,_Washington" title="Pacific, Washington">Pacific, Washington</a>, Marine veteran Cy Sun ousted incumbent mayor Rich Hildreth as a write-in candidate, using a comprehensive ground game in the small town to convince locals to support him over Hildreth, whom he accused of corruption. After the election, the county elections office reported that a sufficient number of write-ins votes had made it possible that a write-in could win,<a href="#cite_note-157">[138]</a> and after a count of the write-ins, Sun beat Hildreth by 464 to 401.<a href="#cite_note-158">[139]</a> Sun's mayorship was plagued by political and physical challenges, and Sun would be recalled in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-159">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire_County,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire County, Wisconsin">Eau Claire County, Wisconsin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">sheriff</a> Ron Cramer,<a href="#cite_note-160">[141]</a> formerly a sheriff's deputy, won election as Eau Claire County's 47th sheriff, defeating disgraced 10-year incumbent sheriff Richard M. Hewitt in a write-in campaign hastily organized just weeks before the election in 1996. He has handily won reelection every four years since, usually running unopposed.<a href="#cite_note-161">[142]</a></li> <li>Lynda Neuwirth defeated the lone candidate on the ballot, Joseph DiPasquale, for the <a href="/wiki/Ellicottville_(village),_New_York" title="Ellicottville (village), New York">Ellicottville, New York</a> <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">village justice</a> position on March 19, 2019; Neuwirth received three votes to DiPasquale's two.<a href="#cite_note-162">[143]</a> Neuwirth was ousted after only two months in the position, as voters had approved a referendum abolishing the court the previous November; when the abolition was delayed two months, Neuwirth was not allowed to retain her seat and was replaced by a justice from <a href="/wiki/Ellicottville_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellicottville (town), New York">the surrounding town</a>, which will absorb the village court's jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-163">[144]</a></li> <li>Lon Lafferty won as a write-in for the <a href="/wiki/Martin_County,_Kentucky" title="Martin County, Kentucky">Martin County, Kentucky</a> Judge Executive election in 2022, defeating four other write-in candidates—Marlena Slone, Jimmy Don Kerr, Benjamin York and Mitchell Crum—with approximately 60% of the vote. This election was solely decided by write-in—the first election in Martin County's history in which all of the candidates were write-ins—after the previous Judge Executive, Colby Kirk, resigned from office and withdrew his candidacy three weeks before the election to take over as President/CEO of economic development organization One East Kentucky. (<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Andy_Beshear" title="Andy Beshear">Andy Beshear</a> had appointed Lafferty to fill the seat for the remaining two months of Kirk's term.)<a href="#cite_note-164">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[146]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_elections">Other elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other elections">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Schock" title="Aaron Schock">Aaron Schock</a> was elected to the District 150 School Board in <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, Illinois</a>, in 2001 by a write-in vote, after his petitions were challenged and his name was removed from the ballot. He defeated the incumbent by over 2,000 votes, approximately 6,400 to 4,300 votes.<a href="#cite_note-166">[147]</a> He went on to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a>, and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in 2008. He was later forced to resign in an expenses scandal.<a href="#cite_note-167">[148]</a></li> <li>John Adams became an <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a> judge in November 2002 after running along with 10 other write-in candidates in the primaries on March 5, 2002, against incumbent Judge Ronald Kline.<a href="#cite_note-168">[149]</a> After the filing deadline in which no candidate filed to run against Kline, a computer hacker discovered that Judge Kline had child pornography on his home computer. Kline got less than 50% of the vote in the primaries, requiring a runoff between him and write-in candidate John Adams (who actually received more votes than Kline).<a href="#cite_note-169">[150]</a> After some legal maneuvers, Kline's name was removed from the general elections, leaving the general election a runoff between Adams and Gay Sandoval, who was the second highest write-in vote getter.<a href="#cite_note-170">[151]</a> Charges against Kline were eventually thrown out.<a href="#cite_note-171">[152]</a></li> <li>On September 15, 2009, four write-in candidates in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Independence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Independence Party">Independence Party</a> primaries for various offices in <a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam County, New York</a>, defeated their on-ballot opponents.<a href="#cite_note-172">[153]</a></li> <li>In a May 2011 school board election for the <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Community_Schools" title="Bentley Community Schools">Bentley School</a> Board in Michigan, Lisa Osborn ran as a write-in candidate and needed just one vote to win a seat. However, she did not receive any votes, even from herself. She explained herself by saying that she was at her son's baseball game and did not have time to go to the polls.<a href="#cite_note-173">[154]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California's_Proposition_14_impact_on_write-in_candidates">California's Proposition 14 impact on write-in candidates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: California's Proposition 14 impact on write-in candidates">edit</a>]</div> In 2010, California voters passed <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_14_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 14 (2010)">Proposition 14</a> which set up a new election system for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, all statewide offices (<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_California" title="Lieutenant Governor of California">lieutenant governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_California" title="Secretary of State of California">secretary of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Treasurer" title="California State Treasurer">state treasurer</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Controller" title="California State Controller">state controller</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="California Attorney General">attorney general</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Insurance_Commissioner" title="California Insurance Commissioner">insurance commissioner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Superintendent_of_Public_Instruction" title="California State Superintendent of Public Instruction">superintendent of public instruction</a>), <a href="/wiki/California_Board_of_Equalization" class="mw-redirect" title="California Board of Equalization">California Board of Equalization</a>, and for the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California State Legislature</a>. In the system set up by Proposition 14, there are two rounds of voting, and the top two vote-getters for each race in the first round (the primary, held in June 2004 – 2018 and March 2020–present) advance to a second round (the general election, held in November). Proposition 14 specifically prohibits write-in candidates in the second round, and this prohibition was upheld in a court challenge.<a href="#cite_note-174">[155]</a> Another court challenge to the prohibition on write-in candidates in the second round was filed in July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-175">[156]</a> Although Proposition 14 prohibits write-in candidates in the second round of voting, it has created conditions that can make it easier for write-in candidates in the first round to advance to the second round. This generally happens in elections where only one candidate is listed on the ballot. Since in each race the top two vote-getters from the first round are guaranteed to advance to the second round, if only one candidate is listed on the ballot, a write-in candidate can easily advance to the second round, as the write-in candidate would only have to compete with other write-in candidates for the second spot, not with any listed candidates. In some <a href="/wiki/Jungle_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle primary">jungle primary</a> systems, if the winner in the first round wins by more than 50% of the vote, then the second (runoff) round gets cancelled, but in the system set up by Proposition 14, a second (runoff) round is required regardless of the percent of the vote that the winner of the first round received. Proposition 14 therefore guarantees that if only one candidate is listed on the ballot in the first round, a write-in candidate running against the one listed candidate can earn a spot for the second round with as little as one vote.<a href="#cite_note-176">[n 1]</a> The first election in which Proposition 14 went into effect was the <a href="/wiki/June_2012_California_elections" title="June 2012 California elections">2012 elections</a>. <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">California elections in which primary election write-in candidates advanced to the general election </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Year </th> <th rowspan="2">Number of write-in candidates who successfully made it to the November general election </th> <th rowspan="2">Offices for which write-in candidates successfully made it to the November general election </th> <th colspan="4">General election results for candidates who qualified as write-in candidates in the primaries </th> <th colspan="2">Links to election results </th></tr> <tr> <th>Wins </th> <th>Max </th> <th>Average </th> <th>Min </th> <th>Primary (March/June) </th> <th>General (November) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_2012_California_elections" title="June 2012 California elections">2012</a> </td> <td align="center">5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California%27s_3rd_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 3rd State Senate district">SD3</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_9th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 9th State Senate district">SD9</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_33rd_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 33rd State Senate district">SD33</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_15th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 15th State Assembly district">AD15</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_31st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 31st State Assembly district">AD31</a> </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">36.0% </td> <td align="center">23.4% </td> <td align="center">13.2% </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-177">[157]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-178">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_California_elections" title="2014 California elections">2014</a> </td> <td align="center">16<a href="#cite_note-179">[159]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California%27s_23rd_congressional_district" title="California's 23rd congressional district">CD23</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_44th_congressional_district" title="California's 44th congressional district">CD44</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Board_of_Equalization#Third_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California Board of Equalization">BOE3</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_16th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 16th State Senate district">SD16</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_22nd_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 22nd State Senate district">SD22</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_36th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 36th State Senate district">SD36</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_5th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 5th State Assembly district">AD5</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_14th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 14th State Assembly district">AD14</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_21st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 21st State Assembly district">AD21</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_31st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 31st State Assembly district">AD31</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_41st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 41st State Assembly district">AD41</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_51st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 51st State Assembly district">AD51</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_60th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 60th State Assembly district">AD60</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_67th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 67th State Assembly district">AD67</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_75th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 75th State Assembly district">AD75</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_76th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 76th State Assembly district">AD76</a> </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">46.6% </td> <td align="center">31.3% </td> <td align="center">13.3% </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-180">[160]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-181">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_2016_California_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2016 California elections">2016</a> </td> <td align="center">15<a href="#cite_note-182">[n 2]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="California's 14th congressional district">CD14</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_33rd_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 33rd State Senate district">SD33</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_1st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 1st State Assembly district">AD1</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_2nd_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 2nd State Assembly district">AD2</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_7th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 7th State Assembly district">AD7</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_32nd_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 32nd State Assembly district">AD32</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_46th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 46th State Assembly district">AD46</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_49th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 49th State Assembly district">AD49</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_51st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 51st State Assembly district">AD51</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_58th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 58th State Assembly district">AD58</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_62nd_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 62nd State Assembly district">AD62</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_70th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 70th State Assembly district">AD70</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_73rd_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 73rd State Assembly district">AD73</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_76th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 76th State Assembly district">AD76</a> </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">43.9% </td> <td align="center">28.5% <a href="#cite_note-AD_62_note-183">[n 3]</a> </td> <td align="center">13.9% <a href="#cite_note-AD_62_note-183">[n 3]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-184">[162]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-185">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_California_elections" title="2018 California elections">2018</a> </td> <td align="center">12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="California's 13th congressional district">CD13</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="California's 19th congressional district">CD19</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_32nd_congressional_district" title="California's 32nd congressional district">CD32</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_4th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 4th State Assembly district">AD4</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_7th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 7th State Assembly district">AD7</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_20th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 20th State Assembly district">AD20</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_21st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 21st State Assembly district">AD21</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_27th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 27th State Assembly district">AD27</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_51st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 51st State Assembly district">AD51</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_61st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 61st State Assembly district">AD61</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_64th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 64th State Assembly district">AD64</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_69th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 69th State Assembly district">AD69</a> </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">32.6% </td> <td align="center">23.6% </td> <td align="center">11.6% </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-186">[164]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-187">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_California_elections" title="2020 California elections">2020</a> </td> <td align="center">11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California%27s_3rd_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 3rd State Senate district">SD3</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_9th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 9th State Senate district">SD9</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_25th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 25th State Senate district">SD25</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_31st_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 31st State Senate district">SD31</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_33rd_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 33rd State Senate district">SD33</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_39th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 39th State Senate district">SD39</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_7th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 7th State Assembly district">AD7</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 11th State Assembly district">AD11</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_17th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 17th State Assembly district">AD17</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_21st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 21st State Assembly district">AD21</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_45th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 45th State Assembly district">AD45</a> </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">41.0% </td> <td align="center">30.8% </td> <td align="center">11.1% </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-188">[166]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-189">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_California_elections" title="2022 California elections">2022</a> </td> <td align="center">11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California%27s_24th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 24th State Senate district">SD24</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_26th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 26th State Senate district">SD26</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_8th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 8th State Assembly district">AD8</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_9th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 9th State Assembly district">AD9</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_14th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 14th State Assembly district">AD14</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_18th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 18th State Assembly district">AD18</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_41st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 41st State Assembly district">AD41</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_43rd_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 43rd State Assembly district">AD43</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_48th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 48th State Assembly district">AD48</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_54th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 54th State Assembly district">AD54</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_59th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 59th State Assembly district">AD59</a> </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">40.0% </td> <td align="center">25.8% </td> <td align="center">10.1% </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-190">[168]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-191">[169]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other countries">edit</a>]</div> With a few exceptions, the practice of recognizing write-in candidates is typically viewed internationally as a tradition in the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[171]</a> <ul><li>A bizarre incident involving a fictitious write-in candidacy occurred in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Picoaz%C3%A1" title="Picoazá">Picoazá</a>, Ecuador, in 1967. A company ran a series of campaign-themed advertisements for a foot powder called Pulvapies. Some of the slogans used included "Vote for any candidate, but if you want well-being and hygiene, vote for Pulvapies", and "For Mayor: Honorable Pulvapies". The foot powder Pulvapies ended up receiving the most votes in the election.<a href="#cite_note-194">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[174]</a></li> <li>In Brazil, until the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">electronic voting</a> in 1994, the ballot had no names written for <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> candidates, so many voters would protest by voting on fictional characters or religious figures. In a famous case, the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo" title="São Paulo Zoo">São Paulo city zoo</a> rhinoceros <a href="/wiki/Cacareco" title="Cacareco">Cacareco</a> got around 100,000 votes in the 1959 elections for the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Chamber_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Municipal Chamber of São Paulo">municipal council</a>, more than any candidate.<a href="#cite_note-197">[175]</a> However, those votes were not considered because Brazilian law stipulates that a candidate must be affiliated to a political party to take office.</li> <li>Until 2013,<a href="#cite_note-198">[176]</a> write-in candidates were permitted at <a href="/wiki/Municipal_elections_in_France" title="Municipal elections in France">municipal elections in France</a> for councils of <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">communes</a> with a population of less than 2500.<a href="#cite_note-199">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Elections in Sweden</a> are <a href="/wiki/Open_list" title="Open list">open list</a>, with voters placing into the ballot box an envelope containing their choice of either a ballot preprinted with the name of a registered party or else a blank ballot on which they write the name of a party (registered or unregistered) and optionally that of a candidate.<a href="#cite_note-Regeringskansliet-200">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[179]</a> A person must consent to being a candidate listed on a preprinted ballot, but there was no such obligation for write-in names until <a href="/wiki/2018_Swedish_general_election" title="2018 Swedish general election">the 2018 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Regeringskansliet-200">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-KrimmerVolkamer2017-202">[180]</a> In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_Swedish_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 Swedish municipal elections (page does not exist)">2006 municipal elections</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sweden_Democrats" title="Sweden Democrats">Sweden Democrats</a> (SD) won seats on several councils where they had no nominee or preprinted ballots; most SD voters wrote the party name but no candidate name. The seats were filled by the name most often written, if any, and left empty if no voter wrote in a name. One example was <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rg%C3%A5rda_Municipality" title="Vårgårda Municipality">Vårgårda Municipality</a>, where only 3 of 143 SD voters wrote in names, of which two were for an ineligible non-resident; the winner resigned his seat as he opposed the SD and his sole vote was cast by his father as a joke.<a href="#cite_note-203">[181]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_Swedish_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 Swedish municipal elections (page does not exist)">In 2010</a> one Jimmy Åkesson was elected to <a href="/wiki/Staffanstorp_Municipality" title="Staffanstorp Municipality">Staffanstorp Municipality</a> council after a single SD voter wrote his name. The voter apparently intended SD leader <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_%C3%85kesson" title="Jimmie Åkesson">Jimmie Åkesson</a>, not resident in Staffanstorp.<a href="#cite_note-204">[182]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">elections in Austria</a>, writing on a ballot paper does not invalidate a vote provided the voter's preference is clear. In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Austrian_legislative_election" title="1990 Austrian legislative election">1990 legislative election</a> the unpopular <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">SPÖ</a>, worried that voters would not select it on the <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list</a> ballot, advised them to write in the name of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Vranitzky" title="Franz Vranitzky">Franz Vranitzky</a>, its popular leader. Such ballots would be interpreted as SPÖ votes.<a href="#cite_note-Höbelt2003-205">[183]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protest">Protest</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Protest">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In United States elections, write-in votes are sometimes cast for fictional characters, notably <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a>, whose name usage as a protest vote has been attested since 1932.<a href="#cite_note-206">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad magazine</a> satirically called to vote for <a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Neuman" title="Alfred E. Neuman">Alfred E. Neuman</a> as a write-in candidate for every U.S. presidential election from 1956 to 1980 with slogans like "You could do worse– you always have!" and "There are bigger idiots running for office!".</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 U.S. presidential election</a>, guitarist <a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh" title="Joe Walsh">Joe Walsh</a> ran a mock write-in campaign, promising to make his song "<a href="/wiki/Life%27s_Been_Good" title="Life's Been Good">Life's Been Good</a>" the new national anthem if he won, and running on a platform of "Free Gas for Everyone". Though Walsh (then aged 33) was not old enough to actually assume the office, he wanted to raise public awareness of the election. (In 1992, Walsh purportedly ran for vice-president, in his song "Vote For Me", a track on his album <a href="/wiki/Songs_for_a_Dying_Planet" title="Songs for a Dying Planet">Songs for a Dying Planet</a>, which was released that year.)</li> <li>During the 2000 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress#Elections" title="United States Congress">United States Congress Elections</a>, film-maker <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a> led a campaign for voters to submit a <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">ficus</a> tree as a write-in candidate. This campaign was replicated across the country and was recounted in an episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Awful_Truth_(TV_show)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Awful Truth (TV show)">The Awful Truth</a>.</li> <li>In 2012, a campaign was waged to write in <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> against Georgia congressman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Broun" title="Paul Broun">Paul Broun</a> (who was running unopposed) after Broun "called evolution and other areas of science 'lies straight from the pit of hell.'" Darwin received approximately 4,000 votes.<a href="#cite_note-207">[185]</a> However, because Darwin was not registered as an official candidate (some states require even write-ins to be pre-registered), the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Secretary_of_State" title="Georgia Secretary of State">Georgia Secretary of State</a> did not tabulate those votes.<a href="#cite_note-208">[186]</a></li> <li>In 2016, several grassroots campaigns to elect <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> President as a write-in candidate were established on social media in the run-up to the United States presidential election. Though Sanders continued to campaign for Democrat nominee <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, supporters pointed to alleged DNC bias in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016">Democratic Party's presidential primaries</a> against Sanders, and Clinton's email scandal, and continued to support him.<a href="#cite_note-209">[187]</a> Both Clinton and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> would have had to win less than the required 270 electoral college votes for Sanders to have denied either candidate the presidency, and for the election to be passed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> – thus the initial write-in campaign around Vermont, offering only three college votes, was not successful, but Sanders did receive almost six percent of the vote there.<a href="#cite_note-210">[188]</a> The campaign expanded to include all 12 eligible states (one of which listed Sanders as an official write-in candidate), and relied on states such as California, with a high electoral college vote count and large support for Sanders, to be successful in denying both Trump and Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-211">[189]</a></li> <li>In Sweden, all handwritten votes are <a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">scanned by computer</a> and the results published online, although only votes for valid parties count towards determining successful candidates. In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Swedish_general_election" title="2010 Swedish general election">2010 general election</a>, ineffective votes included 120 for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Duck" title="Donald Duck">Donald Duck</a> and 2 for "myself",<a href="#cite_note-212">[190]</a> as well as several computer code snippets apparently intended as <a href="/wiki/Code_injection" title="Code injection">code injection</a> attacks aimed at either the program which tallied the votes or the browsers of users who accessed the results website.<a href="#cite_note-213">[191]</a></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2018 Egyptian presidential election">2018 Egyptian presidential election</a>, owing to a large number of candidates being arrested or barred from running, Egyptian football star <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Salah" title="Mohamed Salah">Mohamed Salah</a> received over a million votes, as many Egyptians cancelled out the names of both candidates and wrote his instead. This was higher than the number of votes received by the second place candidate, <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Mostafa_Moussa" title="Moussa Mostafa Moussa">Moussa Mostafa Moussa</a>. Write-in votes are not deemed valid in Egypt.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/None_of_the_above" title="None of the above">None of the above</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/None_of_These_Candidates" title="None of These Candidates">None of These Candidates</a> - Nevada's implementation of the "None of the above" voting option</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_candidate" title="Paper candidate">Paper candidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_candidate" title="Star candidate">Star candidate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2012_California_State_Senate_election#District_33" title="2012 California State Senate election">June 2012 election</a>, write-in candidate Lee H. Chauser running in the <a href="/wiki/California%27s_33rd_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 33rd State Senate district">33rd Senate District</a> won a spot in the runoff race with as few as 3 votes. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2012-primary/pdf/2012-complete-sov.pdf">official election results</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> In <a href="/wiki/California%27s_62nd_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 62nd State Assembly district">AD62</a>, two write-in candidates received an equal number of votes (32), and tied for second place against the first-place finisher, incumbent <a href="/wiki/Autumn_Burke" title="Autumn Burke">Autumn Burke</a>. Therefore, the two write-in candidates advanced to the general election within one race (see the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> story dated July 11, 2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-essential-politics-updates-write-in-legislative-candidates-win-a-1467920806-htmlstory.html">Write-in legislative candidates win spots on the November ballot, in some cases with only a handful of votes</a> by John Myers) </li> <li id="cite_note-AD_62_note-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AD_62_note_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AD_62_note_183-1">b</a> Data is for the 14 distinct races in which the results for the two write-in candidates who advanced in AD62, one of whom received 17.2% and the other received 5.6%, are summed up to 22.8%. When treating the two candidates in AD62 as distinct candidates and averaging over 15 candidates, the average goes down to 26.6% and the min (obviously) drops to 5.6% </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> See, for example, Section 1-4-1101, Colorado Revised Statutes (2008) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPengelly2017" class="citation news cs1">Pengelly, Martin (December 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/dec/30/alabama-election-roy-moore-write-in-votes">"Mickey Mouse and Jesus among write-in votes that helped sink Roy Moore"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved November 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mickey+Mouse+and+Jesus+among+write-in+votes+that+helped+sink+Roy+Moore&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft.aulast=Pengelly&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2017%2Fdec%2F30%2Falabama-election-roy-moore-write-in-votes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox2016-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Cox2016_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxSchoppa2016" class="citation journal cs1">Cox, Karen E.; Schoppa, Leonard J. (2016). "Interaction Effects in Mixed-Member Electoral Systems". Comparative Political Studies. 35 (9): 1027–1053 : 1038. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.555.9675">10.1.1.555.9675</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001041402237505">10.1177/001041402237505</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4140">0010-4140</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154631760">154631760</a>. <q>Japanese voters receive a blank ballot paper and are instructed to write down the name of an SMD candidate after examining a sheet posted on the wall of their voting booth. This list gives the names of all candidates along with the names of the party that submitted the candidate's name.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Interaction+Effects+in+Mixed-Member+Electoral+Systems&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1027-1053+%3A+1038&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.555.9675%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154631760%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0010-4140&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001041402237505&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Karen+E.&rft.au=Schoppa%2C+Leonard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schaffer2008-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Schaffer2008_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaffer2008" class="citation book cs1">Schaffer, Frederic Charles (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WOeXMUepNfcC&pg=PA49">The Hidden Costs of Clean Election Reform</a>. 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Historical and Comparative Perspectives"</a> (PDF). International Political Science Review. 23 (1): 69–84 : 76–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192512102023001004">10.1177/0192512102023001004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0192-5121">0192-5121</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154673192">154673192</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/gov2126/files/schaffer_2002_0.pdf#page=9">the original</a> (PDF) on February 24, 2021. 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Alaska Administrative Code, Alaska State Legislature.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=6+AAC+25.069.+Placement+of+write-in+candidates+on+the+ballot&rft.pub=Alaska+Administrative+Code%2C+Alaska+State+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akleg.gov%2Fbasis%2Faac.asp%236.25.069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azsos.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2024_running_for_president_handbook_20240309.pdf">"Running for U.S. president in Arizona"</a> (PDF). Arizona Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Running+for+U.S.+president+in+Arizona&rft.pub=Arizona+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fazsos.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocs%2F2024_running_for_president_handbook_20240309.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azsos.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/2024_signature_requirements_web_rev0124.pdf">"2024 signature requirements"</a> (PDF). Arizona Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+signature+requirements&rft.pub=Arizona+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fazsos.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-01%2F2024_signature_requirements_web_rev0124.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/uploads/elections/2024_Running_for_Public_Office_8-16-23.pdf">"Running for public office"</a> (PDF). State Board of Election Commissioners of Arkansas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Running+for+public+office&rft.pub=State+Board+of+Election+Commissioners+of+Arkansas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.arkansas.gov%2Fuploads%2Felections%2F2024_Running_for_Public_Office_8-16-23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=sb254&ddBienniumSession=2023%2F2023R">"SB254, 2023 regular session"</a>. Arkansas State Legislature.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SB254%2C+2023+regular+session&rft.pub=Arkansas+State+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkleg.state.ar.us%2FBills%2FDetail%3Fid%3Dsb254%26ddBienniumSession%3D2023%252F2023R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov//statewide-elections/2024-primary/section-07-independent-candidates.pdf">"Independent candidates, November 5, 2024, general election"</a> (PDF). California Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+candidates%2C+November+5%2C+2024%2C+general+election&rft.pub=California+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.cdn.sos.ca.gov%2F%2Fstatewide-elections%2F2024-primary%2Fsection-07-independent-candidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov//statewide-elections/2024-primary/section-08-general-election-calendar.pdf">"November 5, 2024, general election calendar"</a> (PDF). California Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=November+5%2C+2024%2C+general+election+calendar&rft.pub=California+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.cdn.sos.ca.gov%2F%2Fstatewide-elections%2F2024-primary%2Fsection-08-general-election-calendar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Candidates/PresidentPetition.html">"Petition nomination for president and vice president"</a>. Colorado Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petition+nomination+for+president+and+vice+president&rft.pub=Colorado+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloradosos.gov%2Fpubs%2Felections%2FCandidates%2FPresidentPetition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Candidates/PresidentWriteIn.html">"Write-in for general election for president and vice president"</a>. Colorado Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Write-in+for+general+election+for+president+and+vice+president&rft.pub=Colorado+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloradosos.gov%2Fpubs%2Felections%2FCandidates%2FPresidentWriteIn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sots/electionservices/nominating_petitions_info/2024/5-2024-ed-602.pdf">"Application for nominating petition for presidential electors"</a> (PDF). Secretary of the State of Connecticut.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Application+for+nominating+petition+for+presidential+electors&rft.pub=Secretary+of+the+State+of+Connecticut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.ct.gov%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fsots%2Felectionservices%2Fnominating_petitions_info%2F2024%2F5-2024-ed-602.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sots/electionservices/write-in-candidacy/2024/ed-622-write-in-application-for-president-2024.pdf">"Registration of write-in candidacy for president/vice-president"</a> (PDF). Secretary of the State of Connecticut.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Registration+of+write-in+candidacy+for+president%2Fvice-president&rft.pub=Secretary+of+the+State+of+Connecticut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.ct.gov%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fsots%2Felectionservices%2Fwrite-in-candidacy%2F2024%2Fed-622-write-in-application-for-president-2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-delaware-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-delaware_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-delaware_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.delaware.gov/candidates/get_on_ballot.shtml">"Getting on the ballot"</a>. Department of Elections of Delaware.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+on+the+ballot&rft.pub=Department+of+Elections+of+Delaware&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.delaware.gov%2Fcandidates%2Fget_on_ballot.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.delaware.gov/candidates/pdfs/PoliticalPartyBallotStatus.pdf">"Political party ballot status"</a> (PDF). Department of Elections of Delaware.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+party+ballot+status&rft.pub=Department+of+Elections+of+Delaware&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.delaware.gov%2Fcandidates%2Fpdfs%2FPoliticalPartyBallotStatus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.delaware.gov/public/calendar/pdfs/2024ElectionCalendar.pdf">"2024 State of Delaware election calendar"</a> (PDF). Department of Elections of Delaware.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+State+of+Delaware+election+calendar&rft.pub=Department+of+Elections+of+Delaware&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.delaware.gov%2Fpublic%2Fcalendar%2Fpdfs%2F2024ElectionCalendar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcboe.org/candidates/candidate-ballot-access-information">"Candidate ballot access information"</a>. District of Columbia Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidate+ballot+access+information&rft.pub=District+of+Columbia+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdcboe.org%2Fcandidates%2Fcandidate-ballot-access-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.floridados.gov/media/707690/final-2024-fed-qualifying-handbook.pdf">"2024 Federal Qualifying Handbook"</a> (PDF). Florida Division of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+Federal+Qualifying+Handbook&rft.pub=Florida+Division+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.floridados.gov%2Fmedia%2F707690%2Ffinal-2024-fed-qualifying-handbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgia1-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-georgia1_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-georgia1_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.ga.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/Federal%20and%20State%20Candidate%20Qualifying%20FAQ_2024.pdf">"Federal and state candidate qualifying FAQ"</a> (PDF). Georgia Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+and+state+candidate+qualifying+FAQ&rft.pub=Georgia+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.ga.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-03%2FFederal%2520and%2520State%2520Candidate%2520Qualifying%2520FAQ_2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgia2-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-georgia2_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-georgia2_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.ga.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/Write-in%20Candidacy%20Qualifying%20Packet.2024.pdf">"Write-in candidacy qualifying packet"</a> (PDF). Georgia Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Write-in+candidacy+qualifying+packet&rft.pub=Georgia+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.ga.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-01%2FWrite-in%2520Candidacy%2520Qualifying%2520Packet.2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.hawaii.gov/candidates/presidential/presidential-elections/">"Presidential elections"</a>. Office of Elections of Hawaii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidential+elections&rft.pub=Office+of+Elections+of+Hawaii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.hawaii.gov%2Fcandidates%2Fpresidential%2Fpresidential-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.idaho.gov/elections/forms/even_year/2024_Presidential_Candidate_Independent.pdf">"United States president and vice president – independent candidate filing information"</a> (PDF). Idaho Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+president+and+vice+president+%E2%80%93+independent+candidate+filing+information&rft.pub=Idaho+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.idaho.gov%2Felections%2Fforms%2Feven_year%2F2024_Presidential_Candidate_Independent.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteidaho.gov/candidate-filing/#write-in-candidates">"Write-in candidates"</a>. Idaho Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Write-in+candidates&rft.pub=Idaho+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteidaho.gov%2Fcandidate-filing%2F%23write-in-candidates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.il.gov/RunningForOffice.aspx?MID=rOlNCTNZd9A%3d">"Running for office, 2024 presidential preference and delegate guide, 2024 election calendar"</a>. Illinois State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Running+for+office%2C+2024+presidential+preference+and+delegate+guide%2C+2024+election+calendar&rft.pub=Illinois+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.il.gov%2FRunningForOffice.aspx%3FMID%3DrOlNCTNZd9A%253d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2024-Candidate-Guide.FINAL-Revised-12.28.23.pdf">"2024 Indiana candidate guide"</a> (PDF). Indiana Election Division.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+Indiana+candidate+guide&rft.pub=Indiana+Election+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Fsos%2Felections%2Ffiles%2F2024-Candidate-Guide.FINAL-Revised-12.28.23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/candidates/gencandguide.pdf">"Candidate's guide to the general election"</a> (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidate%27s+guide+to+the+general+election&rft.pub=Iowa+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.iowa.gov%2Felections%2Fpdf%2Fcandidates%2Fgencandguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.iowa.gov/elections/candidates/faq.html">"Candidate FAQ"</a>. General Assembly of Iowa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidate+FAQ&rft.pub=General+Assembly+of+Iowa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.iowa.gov%2Felections%2Fcandidates%2Ffaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.ks.gov/elections/candidate-information.html">"Candidate information"</a>. Kansas Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidate+information&rft.pub=Kansas+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.ks.gov%2Felections%2Fcandidate-information.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.sos.ky.gov/CandidateFilingDocuments/President_Independent.pdf">"President/vice president, independent and political group and organization candidates, general election"</a> (PDF). Kentucky Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President%2Fvice+president%2C+independent+and+political+group+and+organization+candidates%2C+general+election&rft.pub=Kentucky+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.sos.ky.gov%2FCandidateFilingDocuments%2FPresident_Independent.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.sos.ky.gov/CandidateFilingDocuments/President_WriteIn.pdf">"President/vice president, write-in candidates, general election"</a> (PDF). Kentucky Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President%2Fvice+president%2C+write-in+candidates%2C+general+election&rft.pub=Kentucky+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.sos.ky.gov%2FCandidateFilingDocuments%2FPresident_WriteIn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.la.gov/ElectionsAndVoting/PublishedDocuments/PresidentialQualifyingInformationForCandidatesNotAffiliated.pdf">"Qualifying information for president: candidates not affiliated with a recognized political party (electors)"</a> (PDF). Louisiana Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qualifying+information+for+president%3A+candidates+not+affiliated+with+a+recognized+political+party+%28electors%29&rft.pub=Louisiana+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.la.gov%2FElectionsAndVoting%2FPublishedDocuments%2FPresidentialQualifyingInformationForCandidatesNotAffiliated.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.la.gov/ElectionsAndVoting/BecomeACandidate/QualifyForAnElection/Pages/default.aspx">"Qualify for an election"</a>. Louisiana Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qualify+for+an+election&rft.pub=Louisiana+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.la.gov%2FElectionsAndVoting%2FBecomeACandidate%2FQualifyForAnElection%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/candidate/FINAL%20-%20Candidate's%20Guide%20-%20Non-Party%20Presidential%20Candidates.pdf">"Ballot access for non-party presidential candidates in Maine"</a> (PDF). Division of Elections of Maine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballot+access+for+non-party+presidential+candidates+in+Maine&rft.pub=Division+of+Elections+of+Maine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maine.gov%2Fsos%2Fcec%2Felec%2Fcandidate%2FFINAL%2520-%2520Candidate%27s%2520Guide%2520-%2520Non-Party%2520Presidential%2520Candidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/upcoming/pdf/Candidate's%20Guide%20to%20Ballot%20Access%202024.pdf">"2024 candidate's guide to ballot access"</a> (PDF). Maine Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+candidate%27s+guide+to+ballot+access&rft.pub=Maine+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maine.gov%2Fsos%2Fcec%2Felec%2Fupcoming%2Fpdf%2FCandidate%27s%2520Guide%2520to%2520Ballot%2520Access%25202024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.maryland.gov/candidacy/index.html">"Candidacy introduction"</a>. Maryland State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidacy+introduction&rft.pub=Maryland+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.maryland.gov%2Fcandidacy%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/elections/getting-on-the-ballot/how-to-run-for-president.htm">"How to run for president in 2024"</a>. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+run+for+president+in+2024&rft.pub=Secretary+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.ma.us%2Fdivisions%2Felections%2Fgetting-on-the-ballot%2Fhow-to-run-for-president.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michigan.gov/sos/-/media/Project/Websites/sos/Elections/Candidate-information/Ballot-Access-Information-for-Presidential-Candidates.pdf">"Ballot access information for presidential candidates seeking office in 2024"</a> (PDF). Michigan Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballot+access+information+for+presidential+candidates+seeking+office+in+2024&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fsos%2F-%2Fmedia%2FProject%2FWebsites%2Fsos%2FElections%2FCandidate-information%2FBallot-Access-Information-for-Presidential-Candidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.state.mn.us/election-administration-campaigns/become-a-candidate/presidential-candidates/">"Presidential candidates"</a>. Minnesota Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidential+candidates&rft.pub=Minnesota+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.state.mn.us%2Felection-administration-campaigns%2Fbecome-a-candidate%2Fpresidential-candidates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.ms.gov/content/documents/elections/2024%20Candidate%20Qualifying%20Guide.pdf">"2024 candidate qualifying guide"</a> (PDF). Mississippi Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+candidate+qualifying+guide&rft.pub=Mississippi+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.ms.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdocuments%2Felections%2F2024%2520Candidate%2520Qualifying%2520Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.ms.gov/content/documents/elections/County%20Election%20Handbook.revised%209.18.2023.pdf">"County elections handbook"</a> (PDF). Mississippi Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=County+elections+handbook&rft.pub=Mississippi+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.ms.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdocuments%2Felections%2FCounty%2520Election%2520Handbook.revised%25209.18.2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.mo.gov/elections/candidates">"For candidates"</a>. Missouri Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+candidates&rft.pub=Missouri+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.mo.gov%2Felections%2Fcandidates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.mo.gov/CMSImages/ElectionCandidates/2024filingdocuments/2024IndependentCandidateInformation.pdf">"Independent candidate information, 2024 general election"</a> (PDF). Missouri Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+candidate+information%2C+2024+general+election&rft.pub=Missouri+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.mo.gov%2FCMSImages%2FElectionCandidates%2F2024filingdocuments%2F2024IndependentCandidateInformation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sosmt.gov/elections/filing/">"Filing information"</a>. Montana Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filing+information&rft.pub=Montana+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsosmt.gov%2Felections%2Ffiling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/elections/2024/2024%20Election%20Calendar.pdf">"2024 official election calendar"</a> (PDF). Nebraska Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+official+election+calendar&rft.pub=Nebraska+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.nebraska.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdoc%2Felections%2F2024%2F2024%2520Election%2520Calendar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/2024%20Candidate%20Filing%20Guide_0.pdf">"Statewide candidate filing guide 2024"</a> (PDF). Nebraska Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statewide+candidate+filing+guide+2024&rft.pub=Nebraska+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.nebraska.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdoc%2F2024%2520Candidate%2520Filing%2520Guide_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nevada-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nevada_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nevada_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-298.html">"Nevada Revised Statutes 298.109"</a>. Nevada Legislature.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nevada+Revised+Statutes+298.109&rft.pub=Nevada+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leg.state.nv.us%2Fnrs%2Fnrs-298.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvsos.gov/silverstate2022gen/USCongress/">"Silver state general election results 2022"</a>. Nevada Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silver+state+general+election+results+2022&rft.pub=Nevada+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nvsos.gov%2Fsilverstate2022gen%2FUSCongress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-293.html">"Nevada Revised Statutes 293.270"</a>. Nevada Legislature.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nevada+Revised+Statutes+293.270&rft.pub=Nevada+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leg.state.nv.us%2FNRS%2FNRS-293.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt561/files/inline-documents/sonh/how-to-file-by-nomination-papers-for-president_0.pdf">"How to file by nomination papers to be a candidate for president of the United States in the 2024 New Hampshire general election"</a> (PDF). New Hampshire Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+file+by+nomination+papers+to+be+a+candidate+for+president+of+the+United+States+in+the+2024+New+Hampshire+general+election&rft.pub=New+Hampshire+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.nh.gov%2Fsites%2Fg%2Ffiles%2Fehbemt561%2Ffiles%2Finline-documents%2Fsonh%2Fhow-to-file-by-nomination-papers-for-president_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/lxiii/659/659-mrg.htm">"New Hampshire Statutes, title LXIII, 659:64-a Counting write-in votes"</a>. General Court of New Hampshire.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Hampshire+Statutes%2C+title+LXIII%2C+659%3A64-a+Counting+write-in+votes&rft.pub=General+Court+of+New+Hampshire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gencourt.state.nh.us%2Frsa%2Fhtml%2Flxiii%2F659%2F659-mrg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/candidate/2024-general-election-instruction-president.pdf">"Petition filing instruction sheet, 2024 general election, electors for president and vice president of the United States"</a> (PDF). New Jersey Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petition+filing+instruction+sheet%2C+2024+general+election%2C+electors+for+president+and+vice+president+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=New+Jersey+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.gov%2Fstate%2Felections%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fcandidate%2F2024-general-election-instruction-president.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj.gov/state/dos-statutes-elections-19-10-19.shtml">"New Jersey Statutes Annotated, 19:15-28 Voting for personal choice; 19:16-3 Counting votes; distinguishing marks; ballots improperly prepared"</a>. New Jersey Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Jersey+Statutes+Annotated%2C+19%3A15-28+Voting+for+personal+choice%3B+19%3A16-3+Counting+votes%3B+distinguishing+marks%3B+ballots+improperly+prepared&rft.pub=New+Jersey+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnj.gov%2Fstate%2Fdos-statutes-elections-19-10-19.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.nm.gov/candidate-and-campaigns/how-to-become-a-candidate/2024-general-election-candidate-information/">"General election candidacy information"</a>. New Mexico Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+election+candidacy+information&rft.pub=New+Mexico+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.nm.gov%2Fcandidate-and-campaigns%2Fhow-to-become-a-candidate%2F2024-general-election-candidate-information%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.ny.gov/petition-information">"Petition information"</a>. New York State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petition+information&rft.pub=New+York+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.ny.gov%2Fpetition-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2024/03/2024-political-calendar-quad-fold-final-draftv3.pdf">"2024 political calendar"</a> (PDF). New York State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+political+calendar&rft.pub=New+York+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.ny.gov%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F2024%2F03%2F2024-political-calendar-quad-fold-final-draftv3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/dl.ncsbe.gov/Candidate%20Filing/2024_Fact_Sheet_Unaffiliated_Candidate.pdf">"Unaffiliated candidates for election"</a> (PDF). North Carolina State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unaffiliated+candidates+for+election&rft.pub=North+Carolina+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Fdl.ncsbe.gov%2FCandidate%2520Filing%2F2024_Fact_Sheet_Unaffiliated_Candidate.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-northcarolina-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-northcarolina_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-northcarolina_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncsbe.gov/candidates/petitions/write-candidate-petitions">"Write-in candidate petitions"</a>. North Carolina State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Write-in+candidate+petitions&rft.pub=North+Carolina+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsbe.gov%2Fcandidates%2Fpetitions%2Fwrite-candidate-petitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncsbe.gov/candidates/petitions/unaffiliated-candidate-petitions">"Unaffiliated candidate petitions"</a>. North Carolina State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unaffiliated+candidate+petitions&rft.pub=North+Carolina+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsbe.gov%2Fcandidates%2Fpetitions%2Funaffiliated-candidate-petitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vip.sos.nd.gov/pdfs/Portals/running-president.pdf">"Running for president and vice president of the United States"</a> (PDF). North Dakota Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Running+for+president+and+vice+president+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=North+Dakota+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvip.sos.nd.gov%2Fpdfs%2FPortals%2Frunning-president.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohiosos.gov/globalassets/publications/election/2024-presidential-guide.pdf">"2024 Ohio presidential guide"</a> (PDF). Ohio Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+Ohio+presidential+guide&rft.pub=Ohio+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiosos.gov%2Fglobalassets%2Fpublications%2Felection%2F2024-presidential-guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oklahoma.gov/elections/candidates/2024-presidential-general-election/2024-presidential-election.html">"2024 presidential election, general candidate information"</a>. Oklahoma State Election Board.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+presidential+election%2C+general+candidate+information&rft.pub=Oklahoma+State+Election+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foklahoma.gov%2Felections%2Fcandidates%2F2024-presidential-general-election%2F2024-presidential-election.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oklahoma.gov/elections/faqs.html">"Frequently asked questions"</a>. Oklahoma State Election Board.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions&rft.pub=Oklahoma+State+Election+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foklahoma.gov%2Felections%2Ffaqs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.oregon.gov/elections/Documents/president-nonaffiliated-candidates.pdf">"President - nonaffiliated candidate quick guide"</a> (PDF). Oregon Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+-+nonaffiliated+candidate+quick+guide&rft.pub=Oregon+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.oregon.gov%2Felections%2FDocuments%2Fpresident-nonaffiliated-candidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.oregon.gov/elections/Documents/statecandidates.pdf">"State candidate manual"</a> (PDF). Oregon Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+candidate+manual&rft.pub=Oregon+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.oregon.gov%2Felections%2FDocuments%2Fstatecandidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dos.pa.gov/VotingElections/CandidatesCommittees/RunningforOffice/Documents/2024/PB%202024%20Nomination%20Paper%20Instructions%20.pdf">"Instructions for filing as a candidate of a political body, 2024 general election"</a> (PDF). Pennsylvania Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instructions+for+filing+as+a+candidate+of+a+political+body%2C+2024+general+election&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dos.pa.gov%2FVotingElections%2FCandidatesCommittees%2FRunningforOffice%2FDocuments%2F2024%2FPB%25202024%2520Nomination%2520Paper%2520Instructions%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/Legis/LI/uconsCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&yr=1937&sessInd=0&smthLwInd=0&act=0320.">"Pennsylvania Election Code, sections 1112-A. Election day procedures and the process of voting; 1113-A. Post election procedures"</a>. Pennsylvania General Assembly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pennsylvania+Election+Code%2C+sections+1112-A.+Election+day+procedures+and+the+process+of+voting%3B+1113-A.+Post+election+procedures&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legis.state.pa.us%2Fcfdocs%2FLegis%2FLI%2FuconsCheck.cfm%3FtxtType%3DHTM%26yr%3D1937%26sessInd%3D0%26smthLwInd%3D0%26act%3D0320.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vote.sos.ri.gov/Forms/Elections/Guides/24RunForOffice.pdf">"Run for office guide 2024"</a> (PDF). Rhode Island Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Run+for+office+guide+2024&rft.pub=Rhode+Island+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvote.sos.ri.gov%2FForms%2FElections%2FGuides%2F24RunForOffice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.ri.gov/faq/">"Frequently asked questions"</a>. Rhode Island Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions&rft.pub=Rhode+Island+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.ri.gov%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scvotes.gov/candidates/">"Candidates"</a>. South Carolina Election Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidates&rft.pub=South+Carolina+Election+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscvotes.gov%2Fcandidates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdsos.gov/elections-voting/upcoming-elections/general-information/2024/2024-Presidential-Ballot-Access.aspx">"2024 presidential ballot access"</a>. South Dakota Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+presidential+ballot+access&rft.pub=South+Dakota+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsdsos.gov%2Felections-voting%2Fupcoming-elections%2Fgeneral-information%2F2024%2F2024-Presidential-Ballot-Access.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.tn.gov/elections/guides/qualifying-procedures-for-president-of-the-united-states">"Qualifying procedures for president of the United States"</a>. Tennessee Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qualifying+procedures+for+president+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Tennessee+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.tn.gov%2Felections%2Fguides%2Fqualifying-procedures-for-president-of-the-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.texas.gov/elections/candidates/guide/2024/president.shtml">"Running for president in Texas"</a>. Texas Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Running+for+president+in+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.texas.gov%2Felections%2Fcandidates%2Fguide%2F2024%2Fpresident.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vote.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2023/09/2024-Unaffiliated-Declaration-of-Candidacy-for-President.docx-Google-Docs.pdf">"2024 certificate of nomination for unaffiliated candidate"</a> (PDF). Office of the Utah Lieutenant Governor.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+certificate+of+nomination+for+unaffiliated+candidate&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Utah+Lieutenant+Governor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvote.utah.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F42%2F2023%2F09%2F2024-Unaffiliated-Declaration-of-Candidacy-for-President.docx-Google-Docs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vote.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2023/09/2024-Write-In-Declaration-of-Candidacy-for-President.docx-Google-Docs.pdf">"2024 declaration of write-in candidacy"</a> (PDF). Office of the Utah Lieutenant Governor.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+declaration+of+write-in+candidacy&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Utah+Lieutenant+Governor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvote.utah.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F42%2F2023%2F09%2F2024-Write-In-Declaration-of-Candidacy-for-President.docx-Google-Docs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vote.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2024/03/2024-Candidate-Manual-Digital-Version-6-1.pdf">"2024 candidate manual"</a> (PDF). Office of the Utah Lieutenant Governor.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+candidate+manual&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Utah+Lieutenant+Governor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvote.utah.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F42%2F2024%2F03%2F2024-Candidate-Manual-Digital-Version-6-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.vermont.gov/elections/election-info-resources/candidates/presidential-candidates/">"2024 Vermont presidential candidate information"</a>. Vermont Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+Vermont+presidential+candidate+information&rft.pub=Vermont+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.vermont.gov%2Felections%2Felection-info-resources%2Fcandidates%2Fpresidential-candidates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-virginia-102"><a href="#cite_ref-virginia_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.virginia.gov/media/candidatesandpacs/2024-president-candidate-and-party-docs/2023-11-05-Presidential-Independent-and-Third-Party-Candidates-Bulletin_FINAL.pdf">"How to run for office for independent candidates or third party political organizations, ballot access requirements for the November 5, 2024 general election for president and vice president"</a> (PDF). Virginia State Board of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+run+for+office+for+independent+candidates+or+third+party+political+organizations%2C+ballot+access+requirements+for+the+November+5%2C+2024+general+election+for+president+and+vice+president&rft.pub=Virginia+State+Board+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.virginia.gov%2Fmedia%2Fcandidatesandpacs%2F2024-president-candidate-and-party-docs%2F2023-11-05-Presidential-Independent-and-Third-Party-Candidates-Bulletin_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.virginia.gov/candidatepac-info/candidate-bulletins/">"Candidate bulletins"</a>. Virginia Department of Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidate+bulletins&rft.pub=Virginia+Department+of+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.virginia.gov%2Fcandidatepac-info%2Fcandidate-bulletins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-05/minorparty_ind_prescandidatesguide2024.pdf">"President and vice president, minor party and independent candidates, guide to Washington State's 2024 ballot and general election voters' pamphlet"</a> (PDF). Washington Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+and+vice+president%2C+minor+party+and+independent+candidates%2C+guide+to+Washington+State%27s+2024+ballot+and+general+election+voters%27+pamphlet&rft.pub=Washington+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.wa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-05%2Fminorparty_ind_prescandidatesguide2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.wv.gov/elections/Documents/Petition%20Signature%20Totals.pdf">"2024 petition signature totals"</a> (PDF). West Virginia Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+petition+signature+totals&rft.pub=West+Virginia+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.wv.gov%2Felections%2FDocuments%2FPetition%2520Signature%2520Totals.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.wv.gov/FormSearch/Elections/Informational/Running%20for%20Office.pdf">"2024 running for office guide"</a> (PDF). West Virginia Secretary of State's Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+running+for+office+guide&rft.pub=West+Virginia+Secretary+of+State%27s+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.wv.gov%2FFormSearch%2FElections%2FInformational%2FRunning%2520for%2520Office.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.wi.gov/candidates/federal-candidates">"Federal candidates"</a>. Wisconsin Elections Commission. May 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+candidates&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Elections+Commission&rft.date=2022-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.wi.gov%2Fcandidates%2Ffederal-candidates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.wyo.gov/Forms/Elections/Apps/Independent_Presidential_petition_WY.pdf">"Petition for nomination – placement on the general election ballot"</a> (PDF). Wyoming Secretary of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petition+for+nomination+%E2%80%93+placement+on+the+general+election+ballot&rft.pub=Wyoming+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.wyo.gov%2FForms%2FElections%2FApps%2FIndependent_Presidential_petition_WY.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.wyo.gov/Forms/Publications/ElectionCode.pdf">"Wyoming election code, 22-16-103 County canvass procedures; 22-16-106 Write-in candidates"</a> (PDF). 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Alaska Division of Elections. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoling2010" class="citation news cs1">Joling, Dan (October 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/10/28/lisa-murkowski-can-appear_n_775221.html">"Lisa Murkowski Can Appear On List Of Write-In Candidates, State Supreme Court Rules"</a>. Huffington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Lisa+Murkowski+Can+Appear+On+List+Of+Write-In+Candidates%2C+State+Supreme+Court+Rules&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft.aulast=Joling&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2010%2F10%2F28%2Flisa-murkowski-can-appear_n_775221.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohrer2010" class="citation news cs1">Bohrer, Becky (November 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/politics/articles/2010/11/18/murkowski_becomes_1st_write_in_senator_since_54/">"Murkowski becomes 1st write-in senator since '54"</a>. 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June 16, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200918014949/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/us/politics/chris-janicek-nebraska-senate.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nebraska+Democrat+Urged+to+Quit+Senate+Race+Over+Sexual+Texts+to+Aide&rft.date=2020-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F16%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fchris-janicek-nebraska-senate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omaha.com/news/state-and-regional/govt-and-politics/preston-love-jr-announces-write-in-candidacy-against-sen-ben-sasse/article_aa4ec90c-f11b-56e5-be6b-a30eaa5517f7.html">"Preston Love Jr. announces write-in candidacy against Sen. Ben Sasse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Omaha_World-Herald" title="Omaha World-Herald">Omaha World-Herald</a>. September 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200918015154/https://omaha.com/news/state-and-regional/govt-and-politics/preston-love-jr-announces-write-in-candidacy-against-sen-ben-sasse/article_aa4ec90c-f11b-56e5-be6b-a30eaa5517f7.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Omaha+World-Herald&rft.atitle=Preston+Love+Jr.+announces+write-in+candidacy+against+Sen.+Ben+Sasse&rft.date=2020-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomaha.com%2Fnews%2Fstate-and-regional%2Fgovt-and-politics%2Fpreston-love-jr-announces-write-in-candidacy-against-sen-ben-sasse%2Farticle_aa4ec90c-f11b-56e5-be6b-a30eaa5517f7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wowt.com/2020/09/10/nebraska-democrats-announce-preston-love-jr-as-write-in-candidate-for-senate/">"Nebraska Democrats announce Preston Love Jr. as write-in candidate for Senate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WOWT" title="WOWT">WOWT</a>. September 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200918015608/https://www.wowt.com/2020/09/10/nebraska-democrats-announce-preston-love-jr-as-write-in-candidate-for-senate/">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WOWT&rft.atitle=Nebraska+Democrats+announce+Preston+Love+Jr.+as+write-in+candidate+for+Senate&rft.date=2020-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wowt.com%2F2020%2F09%2F10%2Fnebraska-democrats-announce-preston-love-jr-as-write-in-candidate-for-senate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norfolkdailynews.com/wjag/news/nebraska-democrats-name-third-pick-to-replace-senate-nominee/article_31ac9b62-f3bc-11ea-9d53-9f76e9f2c766.html">"Nebraska Democrats name third pick to replace Senate nominee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WJAG" title="WJAG">WJAG</a>. September 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200918015705/https://norfolkdailynews.com/wjag/news/nebraska-democrats-name-third-pick-to-replace-senate-nominee/article_31ac9b62-f3bc-11ea-9d53-9f76e9f2c766.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WJAG&rft.atitle=Nebraska+Democrats+name+third+pick+to+replace+Senate+nominee&rft.date=2020-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorfolkdailynews.com%2Fwjag%2Fnews%2Fnebraska-democrats-name-third-pick-to-replace-senate-nominee%2Farticle_31ac9b62-f3bc-11ea-9d53-9f76e9f2c766.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudin-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rudin_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rudin_124-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rudin_124-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Rudin2006" class="citation news cs1">Ken Rudin (August 23, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5698889">"What Happens If Lieberman Wins"</a>. NPR. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>. Retrieved September 3, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=What+Happens+If+Lieberman+Wins&rft.date=2006-08-23&rft.au=Ken+Rudin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5698889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2006" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Alan (May 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbusdispatch.com/news-story.php?story=183395">"Wilson wins primary as write-in candidate"</a>. The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved June 30, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wilson+wins+primary+as+write-in+candidate&rft.date=2006-05-03&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbusdispatch.com%2Fnews-story.php%3Fstory%3D183395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626073421/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2004_primary/congress.pdf">"Election Results for the March 2004 Primary"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_California" title="Secretary of State of California">California Secretary of State</a>. 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Maltese R-C;"</a>. Retrieved April 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serphin+R.+Maltese+R-C%3B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queensnewyork.com%2Felections%2Fsenateny%2Fmaltese.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2012/12/winnie_brinks.html">"Winnie Brinks takes oath of office as Michigan's 76th District State Representative"</a>. MLive.com. December 9, 2012. 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Retrieved March 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scott+Wagner+makes+history+with+his+win+in+York+County+Senate+race&rft.pub=PennLive.com&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennlive.com%2Fmidstate%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F03%2Fyork_county_senate_seat_winner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSTAR-EXPONENT2019" class="citation web cs1">STAR-EXPONENT, ALLISON BROPHY CHAMPION CULPEPER (August 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fredericksburg.com/news/local/freitas-write-in-campaign-focused-on-winning-supporting-other-gop/article_0fd0e98b-33e4-5b4d-b25f-d03de9e72ffa.html">"Freitas write-in campaign focused on winning, supporting other GOP candidates"</a>. Fredericksburg.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191011001006/https://www.fredericksburg.com/news/local/freitas-write-in-campaign-focused-on-winning-supporting-other-gop/article_0fd0e98b-33e4-5b4d-b25f-d03de9e72ffa.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fredericksburg.com&rft.atitle=Freitas+write-in+campaign+focused+on+winning%2C+supporting+other+GOP+candidates&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft.aulast=STAR-EXPONENT&rft.aufirst=ALLISON+BROPHY+CHAMPION+CULPEPER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fredericksburg.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Ffreitas-write-in-campaign-focused-on-winning-supporting-other-gop%2Farticle_0fd0e98b-33e4-5b4d-b25f-d03de9e72ffa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrophy_Champion2019" class="citation news cs1">Brophy Champion, Allison (November 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.starexponent.com/news/abundant-spelling-variations-as-culpeper-certifies-write-in-votes-for/article_973fa6db-37d0-567a-9f04-ea6aa56dee9f.html">"Abundant spelling variations as Culpeper certifies 5,205 write-in votes for Nick Freitas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Culpeper_Star-Exponent" title="Culpeper Star-Exponent">Culpeper Star-Exponent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abundant+spelling+variations+as+Culpeper+certifies+5%2C205+write-in+votes+for+Nick+Freitas&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft.aulast=Brophy+Champion&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.starexponent.com%2Fnews%2Fabundant-spelling-variations-as-culpeper-certifies-write-in-votes-for%2Farticle_973fa6db-37d0-567a-9f04-ea6aa56dee9f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Greg Barnes and MarCharia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fayobserver.com/news/local/small-town-has-charm-of-its-own/article_ba841b88-d8ed-5934-96d6-de98ea77c022.html">"Small town has charm of its own"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Small+town+has+charm+of+its+own&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Greg+Barnes+and+MarCharia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fayobserver.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsmall-town-has-charm-of-its-own%2Farticle_ba841b88-d8ed-5934-96d6-de98ea77c022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/election/2005general/readington.htm#committee">"2005 General Election results for Hunterdon County"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2005+General+Election+results+for+Hunterdon+County&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.co.hunterdon.nj.us%2Felection%2F2005general%2Freadington.htm%23committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216081312/http://www.braac.org/HCN-readington_campaign_violations.pdf">"Reprint from The Huntington County News"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved February 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reprint+from+The+Huntington+County+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.braac.org%2FHCN-readington_campaign_violations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/31/books/31maslin.html?_r=0">https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/31/books/31maslin.html?_r=0</a> Fleecing the Sheep, Who Keep Coming Back for More </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbeylambertz2013" class="citation news cs1">Abbeylambertz, Kate (August 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/07/mike-duggan-detroit-mayor-write-in_n_3721433.html">"Mike Duggan, Write-In Candidate, Pulls Comeback In Detroit Mayoral Primary"</a>. Huffington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Mike+Duggan%2C+Write-In+Candidate%2C+Pulls+Comeback+In+Detroit+Mayoral+Primary&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft.aulast=Abbeylambertz&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F08%2F07%2Fmike-duggan-detroit-mayor-write-in_n_3721433.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRainey2004" class="citation news cs1">Rainey, James (December 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/12/25/medias_role_clouds_san_diego_recount/">"Media's role clouds San Diego recount"</a>. The Boston Globe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Media%27s+role+clouds+San+Diego+recount&rft.date=2004-12-25&rft.aulast=Rainey&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Farticles%2F2004%2F12%2F25%2Fmedias_role_clouds_san_diego_recount%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wtnh.com/Global/story.asp?S=3947552&nav=3YeX">"Waterbury mayor to wage write-in campaign"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Waterbury+mayor+to+wage+write-in+campaign&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtnh.com%2FGlobal%2Fstory.asp%3FS%3D3947552%26nav%3D3YeX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828080648/http://www.waterburyobserver.com/worxcms_published/recent_stories_94.shtml">"The Waterbury Observer – The Write Stuff"</a>. 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Retrieved May 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=How+Could+Snowden+Attack+an+Election%3F&rft.series=LNCS+%28Lecture+notes+in+computer+science%29&rft.pages=280-291+%3A+290&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=0302-9743&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-68687-5_17&rft.isbn=9783319686875&rft.aulast=Wikstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Barrat%2C+Jordi&rft.au=Heiberg%2C+Sven&rft.au=Krimmer%2C+Robert&rft.au=Sch%C3%BCrmann%2C+Carsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPdQ5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=95&artikel=952463">"Sverigedemokrat i Vårgårda tvekar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">Sveriges Radio</a> (in Swedish). 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Retrieved January 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Dad%27s+practical+joke+turns+trucker+into+politician&rft.date=2006-09-28&rft.aulast=O%27Mahony&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.se%2F20060928%2F5052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdolfsson2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adolfsson, Viktor (October 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyheter24.se/nyheter/politik/729889-jimmy-akesson-kan-tvingas-representera-sd">"Jimmy Åkesson kan tvingas representera SD"</a>. Nyheter24 (in Swedish). Retrieved May 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nyheter24&rft.atitle=Jimmy+%C3%85kesson+kan+tvingas+representera+SD&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft.aulast=Adolfsson&rft.aufirst=Viktor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyheter24.se%2Fnyheter%2Fpolitik%2F729889-jimmy-akesson-kan-tvingas-representera-sd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Höbelt2003-205"><a href="#cite_ref-Höbelt2003_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHöbelt2003" class="citation book cs1">Höbelt, Lothar (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrsgaVfsUKAC&pg=PA68">Defiant Populist: Jörg Haider and the Politics of Austria</a>. Purdue University Press. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557532305" title="Special:BookSources/9781557532305"><bdi>9781557532305</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved December 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Prospect&rft.atitle=If+You+Give+a+Mouse+a+Vote&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprospect.org%2Farticle%2Fif-you-give-mouse-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2012" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Jim (November 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlineathens.com/election/2012-11-08/charles-darwin-gets-nearly-4000-write-votes-athens-against-rep-broun">"Charles Darwin gets 4,000 write-in votes in Athens against Paul Broun"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Athens_Banner-Herald" title="Athens Banner-Herald">Athens Banner-Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813112539/http://onlineathens.com/election/2012-11-08/charles-darwin-gets-nearly-4000-write-votes-athens-against-rep-broun">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Charles+Darwin+gets+4%2C000+write-in+votes+in+Athens+against+Paul+Broun&rft.date=2012-11-09&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlineathens.com%2Felection%2F2012-11-08%2Fcharles-darwin-gets-nearly-4000-write-votes-athens-against-rep-broun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/GA/42277/113204/en/summary.html">"General Election November 6, 2012"</a>. GA – Election Results. November 21, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GA+%E2%80%93+Election+Results&rft.atitle=General+Election+November+6%2C+2012&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresults.enr.clarityelections.com%2FGA%2F42277%2F113204%2Fen%2Fsummary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergengruen2016" class="citation web cs1">Bergengruen, Vera (November 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/election/article112114202.html">"Latest Hillary Clinton drama gives Bernie Sanders' write-in campaign a boost"</a>. The News & Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214183829/http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/election/article112114202.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+%26+Observer&rft.atitle=Latest+Hillary+Clinton+drama+gives+Bernie+Sanders%27+write-in+campaign+a+boost&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft.aulast=Bergengruen&rft.aufirst=Vera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsobserver.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-government%2Felection%2Farticle112114202.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theindependentthinker2016.wordpress.com/2016/09/24/how-bernie-sanders-could-become-president-with-only-130000-votes/">"How Bernie Sanders Could Become President With Only 130,000 Votes"</a>. theindependentthinker2016. September 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627153742/https://theindependentthinker2016.wordpress.com/2016/09/24/how-bernie-sanders-could-become-president-with-only-130000-votes/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theindependentthinker2016&rft.atitle=How+Bernie+Sanders+Could+Become+President+With+Only+130%2C000+Votes&rft.date=2016-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheindependentthinker2016.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F09%2F24%2Fhow-bernie-sanders-could-become-president-with-only-130000-votes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapple2017" class="citation web cs1">Papple, Dawn (May 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inquisitr.com/3666716/over-18-million-people-in-california-can-write-in-bernie-sanders-in-california-almost-no-media-reporting-it/">"Over 18 Million People In California Could Write-In Bernie Sanders In California, Almost No Media Reporting It"</a>. Inquisitr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002003244/https://www.inquisitr.com/3666716/over-18-million-people-in-california-can-write-in-bernie-sanders-in-california-almost-no-media-reporting-it/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inquisitr&rft.atitle=Over+18+Million+People+In+California+Could+Write-In+Bernie+Sanders+In+California%2C+Almost+No+Media+Reporting+It&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Papple&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquisitr.com%2F3666716%2Fover-18-million-people-in-california-can-write-in-bernie-sanders-in-california-almost-no-media-reporting-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/sweden/8021258/Donald-Duck-and-God-mar-Swedish-election.html">"Donald Duck and God mar Swedish election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. September 23, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/sweden/8021258/Donald-Duck-and-God-mar-Swedish-election.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Donald+Duck+and+God+mar+Swedish+election&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fsweden%2F8021258%2FDonald-Duck-and-God-mar-Swedish-election.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeere2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Geere, Duncan (September 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/sweden-election-hack">"Hacking Sweden's election with pen and paper"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_UK" title="Wired UK">Wired UK</a>. Retrieved May 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+UK&rft.atitle=Hacking+Sweden%27s+election+with+pen+and+paper&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.aulast=Geere&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fsweden-election-hack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrite-in+candidate" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&oldid=1257966058">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Write-in_candidate&oldid=1257966058</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Elections in the United States">Elections in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections_terminology" title="Category:Elections terminology">Elections terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2022">Articles with dead external links from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2023">Use mdy dates from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from August 2020">Articles with failed verification from August 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 12:25 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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