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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_(1912-1913)" title="حصار أدرنة (1912-1913) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حصار أدرنة (1912-1913)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrianopolun_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si_(1913)" title="Adrianopolun müharibəsi (1913) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adrianopolun müharibəsi (1913)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Обсада на Одрин (1912–1913) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обсада на Одрин (1912–1913)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsada_Edrina_(1913)" title="Opsada Edrina (1913) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Opsada Edrina (1913)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_d%27Adrian%C3%B2polis_(1913)" title="Batalla d'Adrianòpolis (1913) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla d'Adrianòpolis (1913)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Πολιορκία της Αδριανούπολης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιορκία της Αδριανούπολης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Andrinople_(1912-1913)" title="Siège d'Andrinople (1912-1913) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siège d'Andrinople (1912-1913)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assedio_di_Adrianopoli_(1912-1913)" title="Assedio di Adrianopoli (1912-1913) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assedio di Adrianopoli (1912-1913)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obl%C4%99%C5%BCenie_Adrianopola" title="Oblężenie Adrianopola – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oblężenie Adrianopola" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Adrian%C3%B3polis_(1913)" title="Batalha de Adrianópolis (1913) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Adrianópolis (1913)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asediul_Adrianopolului" title="Asediul Adrianopolului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asediul Adrianopolului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Осада Адрианополя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осада Адрианополя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1913)" title="Опсада Једрена (1913) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опсада Једрена (1913)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne_Ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1_(1913)" title="Edirne Kuşatması (1913) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edirne Kuşatması (1913)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Облога Одрина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Облога Одрина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2887868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°40′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°33′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.6744°N 26.5608°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.6744; 26.5608</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Adrianople_(1913)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Adrianople (1913)">Battle of Adrianople (1913)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Battle during the First Balkan War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Battle of Edirne" redirects here. For engagements on other dates, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Edirne_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Edirne (disambiguation) (page does not exist)">Liberation of Edirne (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Adrianople_1912-13.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Siege_of_Adrianople_1912-13.png/220px-Siege_of_Adrianople_1912-13.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Siege_of_Adrianople_1912-13.png/330px-Siege_of_Adrianople_1912-13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Siege_of_Adrianople_1912-13.png/440px-Siege_of_Adrianople_1912-13.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="969" /></a></span><br />Siege of Adrianople</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>3 November 1912 – 26 March 1913<br />(4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Edirne District, <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Edirne" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Edirne">Vilayet of Edirne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><br />(present day <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Bulgarian and Serbian victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Kingdom of Bulgaria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Ivanov" title="Nikola Ivanov">Nikola Ivanov</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Vazov" title="Georgi Vazov">Georgi Vazov</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stepa_Stepanovi%C4%87" title="Stepa Stepanović">Stepa Stepanović</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lemen_Abdullah_Pasha" title="Kölemen Abdullah Pasha">Abdullah Pasha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Pasha" title="Mehmed Şükrü Pasha">Mehmed Şükrü Pasha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 106,425 Bulgarians (424 guns);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />47,275 Serbs (62 field guns, 34 howitzers)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVŭchkov2005124_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVŭchkov2005124-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 60,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaques200712_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaques200712-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–75,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Bulgarian claims)<br /> 52,597 (340 guns)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayta_and_Birbudak201096_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayta_and_Birbudak201096-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall200239_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall200239-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Kingdom of Bulgaria: 1,298 killed, 6,655 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Kingdom of Serbia: 453 killed, 1,917 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomić200675_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomić200675-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 7,000 killed and wounded<br />Captured:<br /> 65,000 soldiers, 15 generals, 2,000 officers, 600 artillery guns, 16 flags<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolova_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolova-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Turkish claim: 13,000 killed and wounded<br />42,500 captured<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayta_and_Birbudak201096_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayta_and_Birbudak201096-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span 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title="Battle of Merhamli">Merhamli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaliakra_(1912)" title="Battle of Kaliakra (1912)">Kaliakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="First Battle of Çatalca">1st Çatalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bulair" title="Battle of Bulair"> Bulair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9Eark%C3%B6y" title="Battle of Şarköy">Şarköy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="Second Battle of Çatalca">2nd Çatalca</a></li></ul> <p><b>Serbian and Montenegrin front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lum%C3%AB" title="Battle of Lumë">Lumë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">Scutari</a></li></ul> <p><b>Greek front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Lemnos" title="Capture of Lemnos">Lemnos Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarantaporo" title="Battle of Sarantaporo">Sarantaporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenidje" title="Battle of Yenidje">Yenidje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pente_Pigadia" title="Battle of Pente Pigadia">Pente Pigadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorovich" title="Battle of Sorovich">Sorovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_revolt_of_1912" title="Himara revolt of 1912">Himara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lesbos_(1912)" title="Battle of Lesbos (1912)">Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1912)" title="Battle of Chios (1912)">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Driskos" title="Battle of Driskos">Driskos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elli" title="Battle of Elli">Elli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Korytsa" title="Capture of Korytsa">Korytsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)" title="Battle of Lemnos (1913)">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Bizani</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>siege of Adrianople</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">oбсада на Одрин</span>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">oпсада Једрена/opsada Jedrena</span>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Edirne kuşatması</i>), was fought during the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>. The siege began on 3 November 1912 and ended on 26 March 1913 with the capture of <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> (Adrianople) by the Bulgarian 2nd Army and the Serbian 2nd Army. </p><p>The loss of Edirne delivered the final decisive blow to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman army">Ottoman army</a> and brought the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonroe1914114_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonroe1914114-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A treaty was signed in London on 30 May. The city was reoccupied and retained by the Ottomans during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarbottle_and_Bruce197911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbottle_and_Bruce197911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The victorious end of the <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> was considered to be an enormous military success because the city's defenses had been carefully developed by leading German siege experts and called 'undefeatable'. The Bulgarian army, after five months of siege and two bold night attacks, took the Ottoman stronghold. </p><p>The victors were under the overall command of Bulgarian General <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Ivanov" title="Nikola Ivanov">Nikola Ivanov</a> while the commander of the Bulgarian forces on the eastern sector of the fortress was General Georgi Vazov, the brother of the famous Bulgarian writer <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vazov" title="Ivan Vazov">Ivan Vazov</a> and of General <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vazov" title="Vladimir Vazov">Vladimir Vazov</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/First_air-dropped_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="First air-dropped bomb">early use of an airplane for bombing</a> took place during the siege; the Bulgarians dropped special <a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">hand grenades</a> from one or more airplanes in an effort to cause panic among the Ottoman soldiers. Many young Bulgarian officers and professionals who took part in this decisive battle would later play important roles in Bulgarian politics, culture, commerce and industry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrianople_siege_artillery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Adrianople_siege_artillery.jpg/220px-Adrianople_siege_artillery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Adrianople_siege_artillery.jpg/330px-Adrianople_siege_artillery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Adrianople_siege_artillery.jpg/440px-Adrianople_siege_artillery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4985" data-file-height="3523" /></a><figcaption>Siege artillery arriving before Adrianople, 3 November 1912.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_artilery_at_Adrianopoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Serbian_artilery_at_Adrianopoli.png/220px-Serbian_artilery_at_Adrianopoli.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Serbian_artilery_at_Adrianopoli.png/330px-Serbian_artilery_at_Adrianopoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Serbian_artilery_at_Adrianopoli.png/440px-Serbian_artilery_at_Adrianopoli.png 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Serbian artillery at siege.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1913_Balkan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_esaret_g%C3%BCnlerinde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/1913_Balkan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_esaret_g%C3%BCnlerinde.jpg/220px-1913_Balkan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_esaret_g%C3%BCnlerinde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/1913_Balkan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_esaret_g%C3%BCnlerinde.jpg/330px-1913_Balkan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_esaret_g%C3%BCnlerinde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/1913_Balkan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_esaret_g%C3%BCnlerinde.jpg/440px-1913_Balkan_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_esaret_g%C3%BCnlerinde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Edirne people living under siege, 1913</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_battle">Final battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Final battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The final battle consisted of two night attacks. Preparations for the battle included covering all metal parts of the uniforms and weapons with tissue to avoid any shine or noise. The armies that took part in the siege were put under joint command, creating a prototype of a front. Some light artillery pieces towed by horses followed the advancing units, which played the role of infantry support guns. Attempts were made to perturb all Ottoman radio communications to isolate and demoralize the besieged troops. On 24 March 1913, the external fortifications began to be captured and the next night, the fortress itself fell into Bulgarian hands. Early in the morning on 26 March 1913, the commander of the fortress, Mehmed Şükrü Pasha, surrendered to the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Army">Bulgarian Army</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZafirov_and_Alexandrov2007_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZafirov_and_Alexandrov2007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which ended the siege. </p><p>After the surrender, large parts of the city, especially the houses of Muslims and Jews, were subjected to looting for three days. The perpetrators of the looting, however, are disputed, in that some accounts accuse the Bulgarian army of looting while other sources accuse the local Greek population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy2002187_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2002187-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bulgarian achievements in the war were summarized by a British war correspondent as follows: "A nation with a population of less than five million and a military budget of less than two million pounds per annum placed in the field within fourteen days of mobilization an army of 400,000 men, and in the course of four weeks moved that army over 160 miles in hostile territory, captured one fortress and invested another, fought and won two great battles against the available armed strength of a nation of twenty million inhabitants, and stopped only at the gates of the hostile capital. With the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gurkhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurkhas">Gurkhas</a>, the Bulgarians alone of all troops go into battle with the fixed intention of killing at least one enemy." There were many <a href="/wiki/Journalists_of_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Journalists of the Balkan Wars">journalists who reported on the siege of Adrianople</a>; their accounts provide rich details about the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson1997_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson1997-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serbian units involved were the 2nd Army, under the command of General (later <a href="/wiki/Vojvoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojvoda">Vojvoda</a>, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a>) <a href="/wiki/Stepa_Stepanovi%C4%87" title="Stepa Stepanović">Stepa Stepanović</a> (two divisions and some support units) and heavy artillery (38 siege cannons and howitzers of 120 and 150 mm purchased from French <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider-Canet</a> factory in 1908); they had been dispatched because the Bulgarians lacked heavy artillery (though they were well supplied with <a href="/wiki/Krupp" title="Krupp">Krupp</a>-designed 75 mm field artillery).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrival_of_Serbian_forces">Arrival of Serbian forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrival of Serbian forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Serbian forces, commanded by General Stepa Stepanović, arrived on 6 November 1912. In Mustafa Pasha Place, a railway station outside <a href="/wiki/Odrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Odrin">Odrin</a>, Stepanović immediately reported to the supreme commander, General Nikola Ivanov. The Serbian Second Army was formed from the Timok Division without the 14th Regiment, the Second Danube Division reinforced with the 4th Reserve Regiment, and the Second Drina Artillery Division. There was a total of 47,275 Serbian troops with 72 <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> guns, 4,142 horses and oxen and 3,046 cars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkokoOpačić199011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkokoOpačić199011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Serbian divisions were immediately sent to the front. The Timok Division, strengthened by a Bulgarian regiment, occupied the north-western sector between <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Maritsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tundzha" title="Tundzha">Tundzha</a> Rivers, its sector being 15 km long. The Danube Division occupied a 5 km stretch of the western sector between the Maritsa and <a href="/wiki/Arda_(Maritsa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arda (Maritsa)">Arda</a> Rivers. A combined brigade was formed from the Timok Cavalry Regiment and the Bulgarian guard Cavalry Regiment to scout the Maritsa Valley. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkokoOpačić199011_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkokoOpačić199011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zang_Tumb_Tumb" title="Zang Tumb Tumb">Zang Tumb Tumb</a></i>, a poem about the battle, by Italian <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurist</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Filippo Tommaso Marinetti</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:17_Mart_1912_Avusturya_konsolosu,_M._Herzfeld_(%C5%9Fapkal%C4%B1),_heyetiyle_bombard%C4%B1manda_isabet_alm%C4%B1%C5%9F_Agram_rahibelerinin_konuk_yatakhanesini_ziyaret_ediyor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="17 March 1912 Austria Consulate visiting Agram Nun's bombed residence at Adrinople"><img alt="17 March 1912 Austria Consulate visiting Agram Nun's bombed residence at Adrinople" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/17_Mart_1912_Avusturya_konsolosu%2C_M._Herzfeld_%28%C5%9Fapkal%C4%B1%29%2C_heyetiyle_bombard%C4%B1manda_isabet_alm%C4%B1%C5%9F_Agram_rahibelerinin_konuk_yatakhanesini_ziyaret_ediyor.jpg/120px-17_Mart_1912_Avusturya_konsolosu%2C_M._Herzfeld_%28%C5%9Fapkal%C4%B1%29%2C_heyetiyle_bombard%C4%B1manda_isabet_alm%C4%B1%C5%9F_Agram_rahibelerinin_konuk_yatakhanesini_ziyaret_ediyor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/17_Mart_1912_Avusturya_konsolosu%2C_M._Herzfeld_%28%C5%9Fapkal%C4%B1%29%2C_heyetiyle_bombard%C4%B1manda_isabet_alm%C4%B1%C5%9F_Agram_rahibelerinin_konuk_yatakhanesini_ziyaret_ediyor.jpg/180px-17_Mart_1912_Avusturya_konsolosu%2C_M._Herzfeld_%28%C5%9Fapkal%C4%B1%29%2C_heyetiyle_bombard%C4%B1manda_isabet_alm%C4%B1%C5%9F_Agram_rahibelerinin_konuk_yatakhanesini_ziyaret_ediyor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/17_Mart_1912_Avusturya_konsolosu%2C_M._Herzfeld_%28%C5%9Fapkal%C4%B1%29%2C_heyetiyle_bombard%C4%B1manda_isabet_alm%C4%B1%C5%9F_Agram_rahibelerinin_konuk_yatakhanesini_ziyaret_ediyor.jpg/240px-17_Mart_1912_Avusturya_konsolosu%2C_M._Herzfeld_%28%C5%9Fapkal%C4%B1%29%2C_heyetiyle_bombard%C4%B1manda_isabet_alm%C4%B1%C5%9F_Agram_rahibelerinin_konuk_yatakhanesini_ziyaret_ediyor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="1933" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">17 March 1912 Austria Consulate visiting Agram Nun's bombed residence at Adrinople</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgar_askerleri_Selimiye_Cami_avlusunda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulgarian soldiers invaded Selimiye mosque"><img alt="Bulgarian soldiers invaded Selimiye mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bulgar_askerleri_Selimiye_Cami_avlusunda.jpg/120px-Bulgar_askerleri_Selimiye_Cami_avlusunda.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bulgar_askerleri_Selimiye_Cami_avlusunda.jpg/180px-Bulgar_askerleri_Selimiye_Cami_avlusunda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bulgar_askerleri_Selimiye_Cami_avlusunda.jpg/240px-Bulgar_askerleri_Selimiye_Cami_avlusunda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="2499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bulgarian soldiers invaded Selimiye mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edirne%27nin_i%C5%9Fgalinden_sonra_Bulgar_binba%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_kald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_kona%C4%9F%C4%B1n_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulgarian major's residence after conquer of Adrinople"><img alt="Bulgarian major's residence after conquer of Adrinople" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Edirne%27nin_i%C5%9Fgalinden_sonra_Bulgar_binba%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_kald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_kona%C4%9F%C4%B1n_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1.jpg/120px-Edirne%27nin_i%C5%9Fgalinden_sonra_Bulgar_binba%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_kald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_kona%C4%9F%C4%B1n_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Edirne%27nin_i%C5%9Fgalinden_sonra_Bulgar_binba%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_kald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_kona%C4%9F%C4%B1n_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1.jpg/180px-Edirne%27nin_i%C5%9Fgalinden_sonra_Bulgar_binba%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_kald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_kona%C4%9F%C4%B1n_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Edirne%27nin_i%C5%9Fgalinden_sonra_Bulgar_binba%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_kald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_kona%C4%9F%C4%B1n_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1.jpg/240px-Edirne%27nin_i%C5%9Fgalinden_sonra_Bulgar_binba%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_kald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_kona%C4%9F%C4%B1n_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2761" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bulgarian major's residence after conquer of Adrinople</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0stanbul_Yolundan_Edirne_Manzaras%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adrianople view from Kirkkilise road"><img alt="Adrianople view from Kirkkilise road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%C4%B0stanbul_Yolundan_Edirne_Manzaras%C4%B1.jpg/120px-%C4%B0stanbul_Yolundan_Edirne_Manzaras%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%C4%B0stanbul_Yolundan_Edirne_Manzaras%C4%B1.jpg/180px-%C4%B0stanbul_Yolundan_Edirne_Manzaras%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%C4%B0stanbul_Yolundan_Edirne_Manzaras%C4%B1.jpg/240px-%C4%B0stanbul_Yolundan_Edirne_Manzaras%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2765" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adrianople view from Kirkkilise road</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terkedilmi%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_toplar%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Captured Turkish artillery (15 cm RK L/26)"><img alt="Captured Turkish artillery (15 cm RK L/26)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Terkedilmi%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_toplar%C4%B1.jpg/120px-Terkedilmi%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_toplar%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Terkedilmi%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_toplar%C4%B1.jpg/180px-Terkedilmi%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_toplar%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Terkedilmi%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_toplar%C4%B1.jpg/240px-Terkedilmi%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_toplar%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Captured Turkish artillery (<a href="/wiki/15_cm_RK_L/26" title="15 cm RK L/26">15 cm RK L/26</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lha%C3%A7_Hastanesinde_Agram_rahibeleri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agram nuns at Red Cross Hospital in Karaagac"><img alt="Agram nuns at Red Cross Hospital in Karaagac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lha%C3%A7_Hastanesinde_Agram_rahibeleri.jpg/120px-Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lha%C3%A7_Hastanesinde_Agram_rahibeleri.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lha%C3%A7_Hastanesinde_Agram_rahibeleri.jpg/180px-Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lha%C3%A7_Hastanesinde_Agram_rahibeleri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lha%C3%A7_Hastanesinde_Agram_rahibeleri.jpg/240px-Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lha%C3%A7_Hastanesinde_Agram_rahibeleri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3148" data-file-height="1947" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Agram nuns at Red Cross Hospital in Karaagac</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolera_salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda_Tunca_kenar%C4%B1nda_esir_kamp%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prisoner camp near Tundzha River during cholera epidemic"><img alt="Prisoner camp near Tundzha River during cholera epidemic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kolera_salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda_Tunca_kenar%C4%B1nda_esir_kamp%C4%B1.jpg/120px-Kolera_salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda_Tunca_kenar%C4%B1nda_esir_kamp%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kolera_salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda_Tunca_kenar%C4%B1nda_esir_kamp%C4%B1.jpg/180px-Kolera_salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda_Tunca_kenar%C4%B1nda_esir_kamp%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kolera_salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda_Tunca_kenar%C4%B1nda_esir_kamp%C4%B1.jpg/240px-Kolera_salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda_Tunca_kenar%C4%B1nda_esir_kamp%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2924" data-file-height="2007" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prisoner camp near <a href="/wiki/Tundzha" title="Tundzha">Tundzha</a> River during cholera epidemic</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Selimiye_Cami_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_Bulgar_askeri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Bulgarian soldier at the port of Selimiye mosque"><img alt="A Bulgarian soldier at the port of Selimiye mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Selimiye_Cami_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_Bulgar_askeri.jpg/120px-Selimiye_Cami_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_Bulgar_askeri.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Selimiye_Cami_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_Bulgar_askeri.jpg/180px-Selimiye_Cami_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_Bulgar_askeri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Selimiye_Cami_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_Bulgar_askeri.jpg/240px-Selimiye_Cami_kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_Bulgar_askeri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2831" data-file-height="2490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Bulgarian soldier at the port of Selimiye mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tunca_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_kolera_hastalar%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cholera epidemic near Tundzha River"><img alt="Cholera epidemic near Tundzha River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tunca_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_kolera_hastalar%C4%B1.jpg/120px-Tunca_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_kolera_hastalar%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tunca_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_kolera_hastalar%C4%B1.jpg/180px-Tunca_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_kolera_hastalar%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tunca_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_kolera_hastalar%C4%B1.jpg/240px-Tunca_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda_kolera_hastalar%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3075" data-file-height="2060" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cholera epidemic near <a href="/wiki/Tundzha" title="Tundzha">Tundzha</a> River</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_122_Arda_nehrine_at%C4%B1larak_bo%C4%9Fulmu%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_kurbanlar%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victims thrown into the Arda and drowned"><img alt="Victims thrown into the Arda and drowned" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_122_Arda_nehrine_at%C4%B1larak_bo%C4%9Fulmu%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_kurbanlar%C4%B1.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_122_Arda_nehrine_at%C4%B1larak_bo%C4%9Fulmu%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_kurbanlar%C4%B1.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_122_Arda_nehrine_at%C4%B1larak_bo%C4%9Fulmu%C5%9F_sava%C5%9F_kurbanlar%C4%B1.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victims thrown into the Arda and drowned</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_112_a%C3%A7l%C4%B1k_sonucu_kabuklar%C4%B1_yenmi%C5%9F_a%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_g%C3%B6vdeleri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isle of Tundzha trees stripped of bark which the prisoners ate"><img alt="Isle of Tundzha trees stripped of bark which the prisoners ate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_112_a%C3%A7l%C4%B1k_sonucu_kabuklar%C4%B1_yenmi%C5%9F_a%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_g%C3%B6vdeleri.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_112_a%C3%A7l%C4%B1k_sonucu_kabuklar%C4%B1_yenmi%C5%9F_a%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_g%C3%B6vdeleri.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Carnegie_Report_of_the_International_Commission_to_Inquire_into_the_Causes_and_Conduct_of_the_Balkan_War_1914_p_112_a%C3%A7l%C4%B1k_sonucu_kabuklar%C4%B1_yenmi%C5%9F_a%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_g%C3%B6vdeleri.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Isle of <a href="/wiki/Tundzha" title="Tundzha">Tundzha</a> trees stripped of bark which the prisoners ate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_selim_Camisi_yak%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1na_d%C3%BC%C5%9Fm%C3%BC%C5%9F_bir_bomba.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bomb fell near Sultan Selim mosque"><img alt="A bomb fell near Sultan Selim mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sultan_selim_Camisi_yak%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1na_d%C3%BC%C5%9Fm%C3%BC%C5%9F_bir_bomba.jpg/120px-Sultan_selim_Camisi_yak%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1na_d%C3%BC%C5%9Fm%C3%BC%C5%9F_bir_bomba.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sultan_selim_Camisi_yak%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1na_d%C3%BC%C5%9Fm%C3%BC%C5%9F_bir_bomba.jpg/180px-Sultan_selim_Camisi_yak%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1na_d%C3%BC%C5%9Fm%C3%BC%C5%9F_bir_bomba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sultan_selim_Camisi_yak%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1na_d%C3%BC%C5%9Fm%C3%BC%C5%9F_bir_bomba.jpg/240px-Sultan_selim_Camisi_yak%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1na_d%C3%BC%C5%9Fm%C3%BC%C5%9F_bir_bomba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2843" data-file-height="2292" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bomb fell near Sultan Selim mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5_8000_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The cemetery of Serbian warriors who died near Adrianople"><img alt="The cemetery of Serbian warriors who died near Adrianople" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5_8000_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/120px-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5_8000_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5_8000_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/180px-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5_8000_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5_8000_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/240px-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5_8000_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The cemetery of Serbian warriors who died near Adrianople</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvanov332–335_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIvanov">Ivanov</a>, pp. 332–335.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVŭchkov2005124-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVŭchkov2005124_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVŭchkov2005">Vŭchkov (2005)</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaques200712-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaques200712_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaques2007">Jaques (2007)</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayta_and_Birbudak201096-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayta_and_Birbudak201096_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayta_and_Birbudak201096_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayta_and_Birbudak2010">Hayta and Birbudak (2010)</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall200239-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall200239_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHall2002">Hall (2002)</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomić200675-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomić200675_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomić2006">Tomić (2006)</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolova-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolova_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolova">Nikolova</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonroe1914114-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonroe1914114_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMonroe1914">Monroe (1914)</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbottle_and_Bruce197911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarbottle_and_Bruce197911_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarbottle_and_Bruce1979">Harbottle and Bruce (1979)</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZafirov_and_Alexandrov2007-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZafirov_and_Alexandrov2007_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZafirov_and_Alexandrov2007">Zafirov and Alexandrov (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2002187-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy2002187_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevy2002">Levy (2002)</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson1997-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson1997_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson1997">Johnson (1997)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkokoOpačić199011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkokoOpačić199011_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkokoOpačić199011_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkokoOpačić1990">Skoko & Opačić 1990</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%9313)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Siege of Adrianople (1912–13)">Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHall2002" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Richard C. Hall (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2-zAeObDX_gC&q=%22Adrianople+the+Ottomans+had+almost+%22"><i>The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-13805-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-13805-8"><bdi>0-203-13805-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkan+Wars+1912-1913%3A+Prelude+to+the+First+World+War&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-203-13805-8&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2-zAeObDX_gC%26q%3D%2522Adrianople%2Bthe%2BOttomans%2Bhad%2Balmost%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarbottle_and_Bruce1979" class="citation book cs1">Harbottle, T.B.; Bruce, George (1979). <i>Harbottle's Dictionary of Battles</i> (2nd ed.). Granada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-246-11103-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-246-11103-8"><bdi>0-246-11103-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harbottle%27s+Dictionary+of+Battles&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Granada&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-246-11103-8&rft.aulast=Harbottle&rft.aufirst=T.B.&rft.au=Bruce%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayta_and_Birbudak2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hayta, Necdet; Birbudak, Togay Seçkin (2010). <i>Balkan Savaşları'nda Edirne</i> [<i>Edirne in the Balkan Wars</i>] (in Turkish). 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Vol. A–E.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Johnson, David (August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010822001440/http://www.thehistorynet.com/militaryhistory/articles/1997/0897_text.htm">"Splendid Fellows, Splendidly Led"</a>. <i>Military History</i>. Vol. 14, no. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorynet.com/militaryhistory/articles/1997/0897_text.htm">the original</a> on 22 August 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+History&rft.atitle=Splendid+Fellows%2C+Splendidly+Led&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1997-08&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorynet.com%2Fmilitaryhistory%2Farticles%2F1997%2F0897_text.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2002" class="citation book cs1">Levy, ed. (2002). <i>Jews, Turks, Ottomans: A Shared History, Fifteenth Through the Twentieth Century</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%8F+%E2%80%94+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aulast=Nikolova&rft.aufirst=Nikoleta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sl-news.sliven.net%2Fobshtestvo%2Fobshtestvo_11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkokoOpačić1990" class="citation book cs1">Skoko, Savo; Opačić, Petar (1990). <i>Vojvoda Stepa Stepanović u Ratovima Srbije, 1876–1918</i> [<i>Vojvoda Stepa Stepanović in the Wars of Serbia, 1876–1918</i>] (6 ed.). Belgrade: BIGZ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-13-00453-9" title="Special:BookSources/86-13-00453-9"><bdi>86-13-00453-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vojvoda+Stepa+Stepanovi%C4%87+u+Ratovima+Srbije%2C+1876%E2%80%931918&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=BIGZ&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=86-13-00453-9&rft.aulast=Skoko&rft.aufirst=Savo&rft.au=Opa%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Petar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomić2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tomić, Jaša (2006). <i>Rat u Maćedoniji i Bugarskoj</i> [<i>War in Macedonia and Bulgaria</i>] (in Bosnian). Prometheus - Novi Sad. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-515-0007-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-515-0007-0"><bdi>978-86-515-0007-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rat+u+Ma%C4%87edoniji+i+Bugarskoj&rft.pub=Prometheus+-+Novi+Sad&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-86-515-0007-0&rft.aulast=Tomi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ja%C5%A1a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVŭchkov2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vŭchkov, Aleksandŭr (2005). <i>The Balkin War 1912-1913</i> (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Angela. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789549058741" title="Special:BookSources/9789549058741"><bdi>9789549058741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkin+War+1912-1913&rft.place=Sofia&rft.pub=Angela&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789549058741&rft.aulast=V%C5%ADchkov&rft.aufirst=Aleksand%C5%ADr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZafirov_and_Alexandrov2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zafirov, Dimitar; Aleksandrov, Emil (2007). <i>История на Българите: Военна история</i> [<i>History of the Bulgarians: Military History</i>] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Trud. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-954-528752-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-954-528752-7"><bdi>978-954-528752-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%3A+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=Sofia&rft.pub=Trud&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-954-528752-7&rft.aulast=Zafirov&rft.aufirst=Dimitar&rft.au=Aleksandrov%2C+Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Adrianople+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Balkan_Wars" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Balkan_Wars" title="Template:Balkan Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Balkan_Wars" title="Template talk:Balkan Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Balkan_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Balkan Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Balkan_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire">Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a></li> <li>Annexation of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rumelia" title="Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Bulgarian_War" title="Serbo-Bulgarian War">Serbo-Bulgarian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1897)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1897)">Greco-Turkish War of 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization" title="Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization">IMRO</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ilinden%E2%80%93Preobrazhenie_Uprising" title="Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising">Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Bulgarian Declaration of Independence">Bulgarian Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="31 March Incident">31 March Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudi_coup" title="Goudi coup">Goudi coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Albanian revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_League" title="Balkan League">Balkan League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: gainsboro;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarantaporo" title="Battle of Sarantaporo">Sarantaporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kardzhali" title="Battle of Kardzhali">Kardzhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pente_Pigadia" title="Battle of Pente Pigadia">Pente Pigadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorovich" title="Battle of Sorovich">Sorovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirk_Kilisse" title="Battle of Kirk Kilisse">Kirk Kilisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lule_Burgas" title="Battle of Lule Burgas">Lule Burgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenidje" title="Battle of Yenidje">Yenidje</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_revolt_of_1912" title="Himara revolt of 1912">Himara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="First Battle of Çatalca">First Çatalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaliakra_(1912)" title="Battle of Kaliakra (1912)">Kaliakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merhamli" title="Battle of Merhamli">Merhamli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Driskos" title="Battle of Driskos">Driskos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elli" title="Battle of Elli">Elli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Korytsa" title="Capture of Korytsa">Korytsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)" title="Battle of Lemnos (1913)">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bulair" title="Battle of Bulair">Bulair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9Eark%C3%B6y" title="Battle of Şarköy">Şarköy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Bizani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="Second Battle of Çatalca">Second Çatalca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Diplomacy and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1912%E2%80%931913" title="London Conference of 1912–1913">London Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Albanian Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1913 Ottoman coup d'état">1913 Ottoman coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1913)" title="Treaty of London (1913)">Treaty of London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: gainsboro;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kilkis%E2%80%93Lachanas" title="Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas">Kilkis–Lachanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doiran_(1913)" title="Battle of Doiran (1913)">Doiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bregalnica" title="Battle of Bregalnica">Bregalnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knja%C5%BEevac" title="Battle of Knjaževac">Knjaževac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalimanci" title="Battle of Kalimanci">Kalimanci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kresna_Gorge" title="Battle of Kresna Gorge">Kresna Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Dobruja_Offensive" title="Southern Dobruja Offensive">Southern Dobruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_landings_in_Bulgaria" title="Romanian landings in Bulgaria">Romanian landings in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vidin_(1913)" title="Siege of Vidin (1913)">Vidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pirot_(1913)" title="Battle of Pirot (1913)">Pirot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Diplomacy and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Serbian_Alliance_of_1913" title="Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913">Greek–Serbian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Western_Thrace" title="Provisional Government of Western Thrace">Provisional Government of Western Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1913)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1913)">Treaty of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Athens" title="Treaty of Athens">Treaty of Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_Romanian_Army_cholera_outbreak" title="1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak">1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: gainsboro;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>General</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus" title="Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus">Autonomy of Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_crisis_of_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914">Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo Assassination</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Bulgarian_alliance" title="Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance">Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans campaign of WWI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">Macedonian front</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Atrocities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Report_of_the_International_Commission_on_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Report of the International Commission on the Balkan Wars">Carnegie Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Thracian_Bulgarians_in_1913" title="Destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913">Bulgarians deportation program</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacres_of_Ottoman_civilians_during_the_Balkan_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massacres of Ottoman civilians during the Balkan Wars (page does not exist)">Massacres of Civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide#Events" title="Greek genocide">Initial phase of the Greek genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_burned_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="List of places burned during the Balkan Wars">Places burned down</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Evstratiev_Geshov" title="Ivan Evstratiev Geshov">Ivan Geshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoyan_Danev" title="Stoyan Danev">Stoyan Danev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Savov" title="Mihail Savov">Mihail Savov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fichev" title="Ivan Fichev">Ivan Fichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Kutinchev" title="Vasil Kutinchev">Vasil Kutinchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Ivanov" title="Nikola Ivanov">Nikola Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radko_Dimitriev" title="Radko Dimitriev">Radko Dimitriev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiliyan_Kovachev" title="Stiliyan Kovachev">Stiliyan Kovachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Todorov_(general)" title="Georgi Todorov (general)">Georgi Todorov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Greece in the Balkan Wars">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Danglis" title="Panagiotis Danglis">Panagiotis Danglis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Kountouriotis" title="Pavlos Kountouriotis">Pavlos Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Sapountzakis" title="Konstantinos Sapountzakis">Konstantinos Sapountzakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Dousmanis" title="Viktor Dousmanis">Viktor Dousmanis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Montenegro" title="Nicholas I of Montenegro">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo,_Crown_Prince_of_Montenegro" title="Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro">Crown Prince Danilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janko_Vukoti%C4%87" title="Janko Vukotić">Janko Vukotić</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazim_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazim Pasha">Nazim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Pasha" title="Zeki Pasha">Zeki Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Esat_B%C3%BClkat" title="Mehmet Esat Bülkat">Esad Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lemen_Abdullah_Pasha" title="Kölemen Abdullah Pasha">Kölemen Abdullah Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_R%C4%B1za_Pasha" title="Ali Rıza Pasha">Ali Rıza Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Tahsin_Pasha" title="Hasan Tahsin Pasha">Hasan Tahsin Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Izzet Pasha">Ahmed Izzet Pasha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Crown Prince Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Serbia in the Balkan Wars">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Serbia" title="Peter I of Serbia">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander I of Yugoslavia">Crown Prince Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomir_Putnik" title="Radomir Putnik">Radomir Putnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Bojovi%C4%87" title="Petar Bojović">Petar Bojović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepa_Stepanovi%C4%87" title="Stepa Stepanović">Stepa Stepanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Jankovi%C4%87_(general)" title="Božidar Janković (general)">Božidar Janković</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other Balkan states: <a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Albania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ismail_Qemali" title="Ismail Qemali">Ismail Kemal</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Balkan_Wars" title="Category:Balkan Wars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ottoman_Empire&#124;link=Ottoman_Empire_Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="Template:Ottoman battles in the 20th century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="Template talk:Ottoman battles in the 20th century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman battles in the 20th century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ottoman_Empire&#124;link=Ottoman_Empire_Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Ottoman battles in the 20th century</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–1912)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza_(1911)" title="Battle of Preveza (1911)">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tobruk_(1911)" title="Battle of Tobruk (1911)">Tobruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(1911)" title="Battle of Benghazi (1911)">Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunfuda_Bay" title="Battle of Kunfuda Bay">Kunfuda Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(1912)" title="Battle of Derna (1912)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beirut_(1912)" title="Battle of Beirut (1912)">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhodes_(1912)" title="Battle of Rhodes (1912)">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Zanzur_(1912)" title="Battles of Zanzur (1912)">Zanzur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> (1912–1913)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarantaporo" title="Battle of Sarantaporo">Sarantaporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenidje" title="Battle of Yenidje">Yenidje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kardzhali" title="Battle of Kardzhali">Kırcalı (Kardzhali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pente_Pigadia" title="Battle of Pente Pigadia">Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorovich" title="Battle of Sorovich">Sorovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirk_Kilisse" title="Battle of Kirk Kilisse">Kirk Kilise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">İşkodra (Scutari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lule_Burgas" title="Battle of Lule Burgas">Lüleburgaz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st Edirne (Adrianople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_revolt_of_1912" title="Himara revolt of 1912">Himara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="First Battle of Çatalca">1st Çatalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaliakra_(1912)" title="Battle of Kaliakra (1912)">Varna (Kaliakra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merhamli" title="Battle of Merhamli">Merhamli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elli" title="Battle of Elli">İmroz (Elli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Korytsa" title="Capture of Korytsa">Korytsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)" title="Battle of Lemnos (1913)">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(1913)" title="Siege of Adrianople (1913)">2nd Edirne (Adrianople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bulair" title="Battle of Bulair"> Bolayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9Eark%C3%B6y" title="Battle of Şarköy">Şarköy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Bizani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="Second Battle of Çatalca">2nd Çatalca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> (1914–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergmann_Offensive" title="Bergmann Offensive">Köprüköy (Bergmann) </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ardahan" title="Battle of Ardahan">Ardahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Suez_Canal" title="Raid on the Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_campaign" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign">Naval operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Katia" title="Battle of Katia">Katya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Cape_Helles" title="Landing at Cape Helles">Seddülbayır (Cape Helles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumkale" title="Battle of Kumkale">Kumkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Anzac_Cove" title="Landing at Anzac Cove">1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Baby_700" title="Battle for Baby 700">Baby 700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Krithia" title="First Battle of Krithia">1st Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dilman" title="Battle of Dilman">Battle of Dilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_attack_on_Anzac_Cove" title="Second attack on Anzac Cove">2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Krithia" title="Second Battle of Krithia">2nd Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_No.3_Post" title="Battle for No.3 Post">No.3 Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_attack_on_Anzac_Cove" title="Third attack on Anzac Cove">3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Krithia" title="Third Battle of Krithia">3rd Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gully_Ravine" title="Battle of Gully Ravine">Zığındere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert_(1915)" title="Battle of Manzikert (1915)">Manzikert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kara_Killisse_(1915)" title="Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)">Kara Killisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krithia_Vineyard" title="Battle of Krithia Vineyard">Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lone_Pine" title="Battle of Lone Pine">Kanlısırt (Lone Pine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Suvla_Bay" title="Landing at Suvla Bay">Anafartalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chunuk_Bair" title="Battle of Chunuk Bair">Conkbayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sari_Bair" title="Battle of Sari Bair">Sarıbayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nek" title="Battle of the Nek">Kılıçbayır (The Nek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_60_(Gallipoli)" title="Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli)">Hill 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Scimitar_Hill" title="Battle of Scimitar Hill">Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(1915)" title="Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)">Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">1st Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sheikh_Sa%27ad" title="Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad">Sağ Sahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_(1916)" title="Battle of Wadi (1916)">Wadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanna" title="Battle of Hanna">Felahiye (Hanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dujaila" title="Battle of Dujaila">Sabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Campaign" title="Trebizond Campaign">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mecca_(1916)" title="Battle of Mecca (1916)">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Erzincan" title="Battle of Erzincan">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitlis" title="Battle of Bitlis">Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_el_Abd" title="Battle of Bir el Abd">Bir el Abd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Yanbu" title="Capture of Yanbu">Yanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdhaba" title="Battle of Magdhaba">Magdhaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafa" title="Battle of Rafa">Rafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nekhl" title="Raid on Nekhl">Nekhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Bir_el_Hassana" title="Raid on Bir el Hassana">Bir el Hassana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kut" title="Second Battle of Kut">2nd Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra_offensive" title="Samarra offensive">Samarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Hamrin" title="Battle of Mount Hamrin">Jebel Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Gaza" title="First Battle of Gaza">1st Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Second Battle of Gaza">2nd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Istabulat" title="Battle of Istabulat">Istabulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Ramadi_(1917)" title="Battles of Ramadi (1917)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_Musa" title="Battle of Wadi Musa">Wadi Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1917)">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el_Khuweilfe" title="Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe">Khuweilfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Third Battle of Gaza">3rd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hareira_and_Sheria" title="Battle of Hareira and Sheria">Hareira and Sheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Wadi_el_Hesi" title="Capture of Wadi el Hesi">Wadi el Hesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Huj" title="Charge at Huj">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mughar_Ridge" title="Battle of Mughar Ridge">Mughar Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayun_Kara" title="Battle of Ayun Kara">Ayun Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem" title="Battle of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1917)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1917)">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jericho" title="Capture of Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_%27Asur" title="Battle of Tell 'Asur">Tell 'Asur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Khan_Baghdadi" title="Action of Khan Baghdadi">Khan Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hijla" title="Battle of Hijla">Hijla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Amman" title="First Battle of Amman">1st Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan#Prelude" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">Berukin and 1st Arara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">2nd Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abaran" title="Battle of Abaran">Abaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sardarabad" title="Battle of Sardarabad">Sardarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karakilisa" title="Battle of Karakilisa">Karakilisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay#Shamakhi,_Aghsu_and_Ismailly" title="Battle of Goychay">Aghsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurdamir" title="Battle of Kurdamir">Kurdamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Binagadi" title="Battle of Binagadi">Binagadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baku" title="Battle of Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Arsuf" title="Action of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Caucasus_expedition" title="German Caucasus expedition">German Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Tellul" title="Battle of Abu Tellul">Abu Tellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arara" title="Battle of Arara">2nd Arara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabsor" title="Battle of Tabsor">Tabsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tulkarm" title="Battle of Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Afulah_and_Beisan" title="Capture of Afulah and Beisan">Afulah and Beisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nazareth" title="Battle of Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jenin" title="Capture of Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1918)" title="Battle of Haifa (1918)">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samakh" title="Battle of Samakh">Samakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Tiberias_(1918)" title="Capture of Tiberias (1918)">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Irbid" title="Charge at Irbid">Irbid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jisr_Benat_Yakub" title="Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub">Jisr Benat Yakub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kaukab" title="Charge at Kaukab">Kaukab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus" title="Capture of Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kiswe" title="Charge at Kiswe">Kiswe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jisr_ed_Damieh" title="Capture of Jisr ed Damieh">Jisr ed Damieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharqat" title="Battle of Sharqat">Sharqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(1918)" title="Battle of Aleppo (1918)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Khan_Ayash" title="Charge at Khan Ayash">Khan Ayash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Amman" title="Second Battle of Amman">2nd Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Haritan" title="Charge at Haritan">Haritan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>For the battles before 1900 <i>see</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire">List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output 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