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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jason Stanley</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jason Stanley" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jason Stanley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jason Stanley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جیسون استنلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیسون استنلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jason Stanley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jason Stanley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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searchaux" style="display:none">American philosopher (born 1969)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jason Stanley</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1969-10-12</span>) </span>12 October 1969<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 55)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Syracuse, New York</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York,_Stony_Brook" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York, Stony Brook">State University of New York, Stony Brook</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Meaning and Metatheory</i> (1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stalnaker" title="Robert Stalnaker">Robert Stalnaker</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data">Philosophy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">Epistemology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">philosophy of language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or tradition</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">pragmatism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/How_Fascism_Works" title="How Fascism Works">How Fascism Works</a></i> (2018)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://jasonstanley.commons.yale.edu">http://jasonstanley.commons.yale.edu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jason Stanley</b> (born 1969) is an <a href="/wiki/American_philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="American philosopher">American philosopher</a> who is the Jacob Urowsky Professor of Philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is best known for his contributions to <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">philosophy of language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which often draw upon and influence other fields, including <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive science</a>. He has written for popular audiences in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>, and many other publications in the United States and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his more recent work, Stanley has brought tools from philosophy of language and epistemology to bear on questions of <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a>, for example in his 2015 book <i>How Propaganda Works,</i> and his 2023 book, <i>The Politics of Language</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Stanley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stanley was raised in <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">upstate New York</a> in a Jewish family.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Corcoran_High_School" title="Corcoran High School">Corcoran High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. During high school, he studied in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCnen" title="Lünen">Lünen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, for one year as part of the <a href="/wiki/Congress-Bundestag_Youth_Exchange" title="Congress-Bundestag Youth Exchange">Congress-Bundestag Youth Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a> in <a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton</a>, New York, where he studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">philosophy of language</a> under Jack Kaminsky. In 1987 he transferred to <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a>, but returned to the State University of New York in 1988, this time at the <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, he studied philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> under <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ludlow" title="Peter Ludlow">Peter Ludlow</a> and Richard Larson. Stanley received his BA in May 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went on to earn his PhD from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> in January 1995, with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stalnaker" title="Robert Stalnaker">Robert Stalnaker</a> as his thesis advisor.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Stanley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After receiving his doctorate, Stanley accepted a position at <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Stipendiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Stipendiary">stipendiary</a> lecturer. He returned to New York and taught at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> until 2000. He was appointed an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan,_Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor">University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, he moved to the department of philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, where he taught from 2004 to 2013. In March 2013 he accepted a professorship at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stanley is the author of seven books, including <i>How Propaganda Works</i> (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/How_Fascism_Works" title="How Fascism Works">How Fascism Works</a></i> (2018). As a philosopher of language<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an authority on <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>, Stanley's work often views contemporary politics and foreign affairs through the lens of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been interviewed by <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox</a></i> in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2021;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> in 2020;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">KCRW</a> in Los Angeles in 2020;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/WBUR-FM" title="WBUR-FM">WBUR</a> in Boston in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Stanley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both of Stanley's parents emigrated to the United States from Europe – his father from Germany in 1939, and his mother from Poland. He grew up in upstate New York. He is the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Ilse_Stanley" title="Ilse Stanley">Ilse Stanley</a>, who secured the release of 412 people from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a> from 1936 to 1938, and the great-grandson of the Berlin Cantor <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Davidsohn" title="Magnus Davidsohn">Magnus Davidsohn</a>. Stanley describes his Jewish background as informing his writing on fascism: "To me, my Judaism means an obligation to pay attention to equality and the rights of minority groups."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Stanley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His book <i>Knowledge and Practical Interests</i> won the 2007 <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Association" title="American Philosophical Association">American Philosophical Association</a> book prize.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Stanley earned a <a href="/wiki/PROSE_Awards" title="PROSE Awards">PROSE Award</a> in philosophy for his book <i>How Propaganda Works</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Stanley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStanley2005" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Jason (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/knowledge-and-practical-interests-9780199230433?q=Knowledge+and+Practical+Interests&lang=en&cc=gb"><i>Knowledge and Practical Interests</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-922592-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-922592-7"><bdi>978-0-19-922592-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowledge+and+Practical+Interests&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-922592-7&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fknowledge-and-practical-interests-9780199230433%3Fq%3DKnowledge%2Band%2BPractical%2BInterests%26lang%3Den%26cc%3Dgb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2007" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Jason (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/language-in-context-9780199225934?cc=gb&lang=en&"><i>Language in Context: Selected Essays</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923043-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923043-3"><bdi>978-0-19-923043-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+in+Context%3A+Selected+Essays&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923043-3&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Flanguage-in-context-9780199225934%3Fcc%3Dgb%26lang%3Den%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2011" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Jason (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/know-how-9780199695362?q=Know+How&lang=en&cc=gb"><i>Know How</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19969536-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19969536-2"><bdi>978-0-19969536-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Know+How&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19969536-2&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fknow-how-9780199695362%3Fq%3DKnow%2BHow%26lang%3Den%26cc%3Dgb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2015" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Jason (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691173429/how-propaganda-works"><i>How Propaganda Works</i></a>. Princeton, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-069116442-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-069116442-7"><bdi>978-069116442-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Propaganda+Works&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-069116442-7&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Fbooks%2Fpaperback%2F9780691173429%2Fhow-propaganda-works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2018" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Jason (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/586030/how-fascism-works-by-jason-stanley/9780525511830"><i>How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them</i></a>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52551183-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52551183-0"><bdi>978-0-52551183-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Fascism+Works%3A+The+Politics+of+Us+and+Them&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-52551183-0&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fbooks%2F586030%2Fhow-fascism-works-by-jason-stanley%2F9780525511830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanleyBeaver2023" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Jason; Beaver, David (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691181981/the-politics-of-language"><i>The Politics of Language</i></a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691181981" title="Special:BookSources/9780691181981"><bdi>9780691181981</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Language&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780691181981&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Beaver%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Fbooks%2Fhardcover%2F9780691181981%2Fthe-politics-of-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2024" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Jason (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Erasing-History/Jason-Stanley/9781668056912"><i>Erasing History: How Fascists Rewrite the Past to Control the Future</i></a>. New York: Atria/One Signal Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6680-5691-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6680-5691-2"><bdi>978-1-6680-5691-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erasing+History%3A+How+Fascists+Rewrite+the+Past+to+Control+the+Future&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Atria%2FOne+Signal+Publishers&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-6680-5691-2&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonandschuster.com%2Fbooks%2FErasing-History%2FJason-Stanley%2F9781668056912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Stanley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden2020" class="citation web cs1">Hayden, Michael Edison (August 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2020/08/27/fascist-underpinnings-pro-trump-media-interview-author-jason-stanley">"The Fascist Underpinnings of Pro-Trump Media: An Interview With Author Jason Stanley"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fascist+Underpinnings+of+Pro-Trump+Media%3A+An+Interview+With+Author+Jason+Stanley&rft.pub=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Michael+Edison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fhatewatch%2F2020%2F08%2F27%2Ffascist-underpinnings-pro-trump-media-interview-author-jason-stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/09/06/910320018/fascism-scholar-says-u-s-is-losing-its-democratic-status">"Fascism Scholar Says U.S. Is 'Losing Its Democratic Status'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. NPR. September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fascism+Scholar+Says+U.S.+Is+%27Losing+Its+Democratic+Status%27&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2020-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F09%2F06%2F910320018%2Ffascism-scholar-says-u-s-is-losing-its-democratic-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, David V. (June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bookforum.com/print/2202/a-philosopher-tries-to-parse-the-logic-of-propaganda-in-democracies-14617">"Thought Policing: A philosopher tries to parse the logic of propaganda in democracies"</a>. <i>Bookforum</i>. <b>22</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bookforum&rft.atitle=Thought+Policing%3A+A+philosopher+tries+to+parse+the+logic+of+propaganda+in+democracies&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2015-06&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookforum.com%2Fprint%2F2202%2Fa-philosopher-tries-to-parse-the-logic-of-propaganda-in-democracies-14617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cccb.org/en/participants/file/jason-stanley/232063">"Jason Stanley"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_Cultura_Contempor%C3%A0nia_de_Barcelona" title="Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona">CCCB</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CCCB&rft.atitle=Jason+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cccb.org%2Fen%2Fparticipants%2Ffile%2Fjason-stanley%2F232063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmonds2020" class="citation web cs1">Edmonds, David (September 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/culture/features/jewniversity-jason-stanley-1.506523">"Jewniversity: Jason Stanley"</a>. <i>Jewish Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Jewniversity%3A+Jason+Stanley&rft.date=2020-09-14&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fculture%2Ffeatures%2Fjewniversity-jason-stanley-1.506523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newappsblog.com/2011/04/new-apps-interview-jason-stanley.html">"New APPS Interview: Jason Stanley"</a>. <i>New APPS: Art, Politics, Philosophy, Science</i>. April 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+APPS%3A+Art%2C+Politics%2C+Philosophy%2C+Science&rft.atitle=New+APPS+Interview%3A+Jason+Stanley&rft.date=2011-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newappsblog.com%2F2011%2F04%2Fnew-apps-interview-jason-stanley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://campuspress.yale.edu/jasonstanley/">"Jason Stanley"</a>. <i>campuspress.yale.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=campuspress.yale.edu&rft.atitle=Jason+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcampuspress.yale.edu%2Fjasonstanley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaghan2013" class="citation web cs1">Monaghan, Peter (April 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/a-leading-philosopher-is-drawn-from-rutgers-to-yale/">"A Leading Philosopher is Drawn from Rutgers to Yale"</a>. <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=A+Leading+Philosopher+is+Drawn+from+Rutgers+to+Yale&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.aulast=Monaghan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.com%2Farticle%2Fa-leading-philosopher-is-drawn-from-rutgers-to-yale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMin2016" class="citation journal cs1">Min, John B. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/goodsociety.24.2.0210">"Propaganda, ideology, and democracy: A review of Jason Stanley, How Propaganda Works"</a>. <i>The Good Society</i>. <b>24</b> (2). Penn State University Press: 210–217. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5325%2Fgoodsociety.24.2.0210">10.5325/goodsociety.24.2.0210</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/goodsociety.24.2.0210">10.5325/goodsociety.24.2.0210</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148160901">148160901</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Good+Society&rft.atitle=Propaganda%2C+ideology%2C+and+democracy%3A+A+review+of+Jason+Stanley%2C+How+Propaganda+Works&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=210-217&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148160901%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5325%2Fgoodsociety.24.2.0210%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5325%2Fgoodsociety.24.2.0210&rft.aulast=Min&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5325%2Fgoodsociety.24.2.0210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarantz2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Marantz, Andrew (April 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/studying-fascist-propaganda-by-day-watching-trumps-coronavirus-updates-by-night">"Studying Fascist Propaganda by Day, Watching Trump's Coronavirus Updates by Night"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=American+fascism+isn%27t+going+away&rft.date=2021-01-29&rft.aulast=Illing&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2021%2F1%2F29%2F22250294%2Ftrump-american-fascism-jason-stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/press-play-with-madeleine-brand/portland-protests-john-lewis-fascism/fascism-jason-stanley">"Tear-gassing protestors, refusing to say he'll leave office: Has Trump brought fascism to US?"</a>. <i>KCRW</i>. July 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Combat+Anti-Democratic+Movements+in+America+and+Beyond&rft.pub=WBUR&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft.aulast=Bologna&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft.au=Dearing%2C+Tiziana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbur.org%2Fradioboston%2F2021%2F01%2F19%2Famericas-march-toward-fascism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Stanley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713011136/http://www.apaonline.org/opportunities/prizes/book.aspx">"Prizes and Awards: Book Prize"</a>, The American Philosophical Association.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proseawards.com/winners/2016-award-winners/">"2016 Award Winners"</a>. <i>PROSE Awards</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Charles Sanders Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._C._S._Schiller" title="F. C. S. Schiller">F. C. S. Schiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protopragmatists or related thinkers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Mead" title="George Herbert Mead">George Herbert Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Royce" title="Josiah Royce">Josiah Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">George Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Papini" title="Giovanni Papini">Giovanni Papini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Vailati" title="Giovanni Vailati">Giovanni Vailati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Shih" title="Hu Shih">Hu Shih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Reinhold Niebuhr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analytic, neo- and other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Bernstein" title="Richard J. Bernstein">Richard J. Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fine" title="Arthur Fine">Arthur Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Fish" title="Stanley Fish">Stanley Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brandom" title="Robert Brandom">Robert Brandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Irving_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence Irving Lewis">Clarence Irving Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Margolis" title="Joseph Margolis">Joseph Margolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Putnam" title="Hilary Putnam">Hilary Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Richard Rorty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_van_Orman_Quine" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard van Orman Quine">Willard van Orman Quine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Sandbothe" title="Mike Sandbothe">Mike Sandbothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shusterman" title="Richard Shusterman">Richard Shusterman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jason Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Talisse" title="Robert B. Talisse">Robert B. Talisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin" title="Stephen Toulmin">Stephen Toulmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Unger" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberto Unger">Roberto Unger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Levi" title="Isaac Levi">Isaac Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Haack" title="Susan Haack">Susan Haack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Rescher" title="Nicholas Rescher">Nicholas Rescher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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