CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><meta name="bingbot" content="nocache"/><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@voxdotcom"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="549923288395304"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Vox"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Vox"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Vox" href="/rss/index.xml"/><title>What is fascism? A Yale philosopher explains how it works | Vox</title><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,max-image-preview:large"/><meta name="description" content="“Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality.”"/><meta property="og:title" content="How fascism works"/><meta property="og:description" content="A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-09-19T12:10:01+00:00"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2018-12-15T16:06:45+00:00"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0,15.094555546019,99.111111111111,63.799959946213"/><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’"/><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="446"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="233"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley"/><meta name="author" content="Sean Illing"/><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="How fascism works"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0,15.094555546019,99.111111111111,63.799959946213"/><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’"/><meta name="parsely-type" content="post"/><meta name="parsely-title" content="How fascism works"/><meta name="parsely-link" content="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley"/><meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0,15.094555546019,99.111111111111,63.799959946213"/><meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2018-09-19T12:10:01+00:00"/><meta name="parsely-section" content="politics"/><meta name="parsely-tags" content="vox,pagetype:story,category-evergreen,old-politics,latest-news,donald-trump,policy,politics,trump-administration,world-politics"/><meta name="parsely-author" content="Sean Illing"/><meta name="cse-category" content="Politics"/><meta name="cse-authors" content="Sean Illing"/><script type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How fascism works","description":"“Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality.”","datePublished":"2018-09-19T12:10:01+00:00","dateModified":"2018-12-15T16:06:45+00:00","url":"https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Vox","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/default-og-image.png?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0,0.13712291199202,100,99.725754176016","width":"1200","height":"628"}},"articleSection":"Politics","keywords":["Donald Trump","Policy","Politics","Trump Administration","World Politics"],"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Sean Illing","url":"https://www.vox.com/authors/sean-illing"}],"image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0,15.094555546019,99.111111111111,63.799959946213","height":"233","width":"446"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0,6.3752276867031,99.111111111111,81.238615664845","height":"297","width":"446"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.333333333333,0,76.444444444444,93.989071038251","height":"344","width":"344"}],"speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","xpath":["/html/head/title","/html/head/meta[@name='description']/@content"]},"articleBody":"“Fascism” is a word that gets tossed around pretty loosely these days, usually as an epithet to discredit someone else’s politics.\nOne consequence is that no one really knows what the term means anymore. Liberals see fascism as the culmination of conservative thinking: an authoritarian, nationalist, and racist system of government organized around corporate power. For conservatives, fascism is totalitarianism masquerading as the nanny state.\nA new book by Yale philosopher Jason Stanley is the latest attempt to clarify what fascism is and how it functions in the modern world. Stanley focuses on propaganda and rhetoric, so his book is largely about the tropes and narratives that drive fascist politics.\nI spoke with him recently about what fascism looks like today, why the destruction of truth is so essential to fascist movements, and whether he thinks it’s accurate to call President Donald Trump a fascist, as some have.\nA lightly edited transcript of our conversation follows.\nSean Illing\nAlmost everyone means something different when they use the word “fascism.” What do you mean by it?\nJason Stanley\nI think of fascism as a method of politics. It’s a rhetoric, a way of running for power. Of course, that’s connected to fascist ideology, because fascist ideology centers on power. But I really see fascism as a technique to gain power.\nPeople are always asking, “Is such-and-such politician really a fascist?” Which is really just another way of asking if this person has a particular set of beliefs or an ideology, but again, I don’t really think of a fascist as someone who holds a set of beliefs. They’re using a certain technique to acquire and retain power.\nSean Illing\nSo fascism isn’t a discrete category — it’s a spectrum? Or a sliding scale?\nJason Stanley\nRight. And my book identifies the various techniques that fascists tend to adopt, and shows how someone can be more fascist or less fascist in their politics. The key thing is that fascist politics is about identifying enemies, appealing to the in-group (usually the majority group), and smashing truth and replacing it with power.\nSean Illing\nWe’ll get into some more of those techniques, but I’m curious why you think fascism is so hard to pin down as an ideology. People on the left see fascism as the endpoint of right-wing reactionary thinking, and people on the right see fascism as nanny-state totalitarianism. Obviously, it can’t be both of these things.\nJason Stanley\nI think it’s clearly right-wing. Part of the problem is that “right” and “left” are tricky to talk about, and it’s true that there are dangerous forms of extremism on both sides, but fascism tilts pretty heavily to the right in my view.\nIf you think about fascism as a sliding scale, ordinary conservative politics is going to find itself somewhere on that scale — which is not to say that it’s fascist at all, any more than ordinary Democratic politics is communist. But just as extreme versions of communism suppress liberty on behalf of radical equality, so too do extreme versions of right-wing politics, namely fascism, suppress liberty in favor of tradition and dominance and power.\nSean Illing\nYour specialty is propaganda and rhetoric, and in the book you describe fascism as a collection of tropes and narratives. So what, exactly, is the story fascists are spinning?\nJason Stanley\nIn the past, fascist politics would focus on the dominant cultural group. The goal is to make them feel like victims, to make them feel like they’ve lost something and that the thing they’ve lost has been taken from them by a specific enemy, usually some minority out-group or some opposing nation.\nThis is why fascism flourishes in moments of great anxiety, because you can connect that anxiety with fake loss. The story is typically that a once-great society has been destroyed by liberalism or feminism or cultural Marxism or whatever, and you make the dominant group feel angry and resentful about the loss of their status and power. Almost every manifestation of fascism mirrors this general narrative.      \nSean Illing\nWhy is the destruction of truth, as a shared ideal, so critical to the fascist project?\nJason Stanley\nIt’s important because truth is the heart of liberal democracy. The two ideals of liberal democracy are liberty and equality. If your belief system is shot through with lies, you’re not free. Nobody thinks of the citizens of North Korea as free, because their actions are controlled by lies.\nTruth is required to act freely. Freedom requires knowledge, and in order to act freely in the world, you need to know what the world is and know what you’re doing. You only know what you’re doing if you have access to the truth. So freedom requires truth, and so to smash freedom you must smash truth.\nSean Illing\nThere’s a great line from the philosopher Hannah Arendt, I think in her book about totalitarianism, where she says that fascists are never content to merely lie; they must transform their lie into a new reality, and they must persuade people to believe in the unreality they’ve created. And if you get people to do that, you can convince them to do anything.\nJason Stanley\nI think that’s right. Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality. You get them to sign on to this fantasy version of reality, usually a nationalist narrative about the decline of the country and the need for a strong leader to return it to greatness, and from then on their anchor isn’t the world around them — it’s the leader.\nSean Illing\nThis is partly why I think of fascism as a kind of anti-politics. I remember reading a quote from Joseph Goebbels, who was the chief propagandist for the Nazis, and he said that what he was doing was more like art than politics. By which he meant their task was to create an alternative mythical reality for Germans that was more exciting and purposeful than the humdrum reality of liberal democratic politics, and that’s why mass media was so essential the rise of Nazism.\nJason Stanley\nThat’s so interesting. The thing is, people willingly adopt the mythical past. Fascists are always telling a story about a glorious past that’s been lost, and they tap into this nostalgia. So when you fight back against fascism, you’ve got one hand tied behind your back, because the truth is messy and complex and the mythical story is always clear and compelling and entertaining. It’s hard to undercut that with facts.\nSean Illing\nThis is probably a good time to pivot to the glittering elephant in the room: Donald Trump. Is he a fascist?\nJason Stanley\nI make the case in my book that he practices fascist politics. Now, that doesn’t mean his government is a fascist government. For one thing, I think it’s very difficult to say what a fascist government is.\nFor another thing, I think the current movement of leaders who use these techniques (Vladimir Putin in Russia, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, Viktor Orbán in Hungary, to name a few) all seek to keep the trappings of democratic institutions, but their goal is to reorient them around their own cult of personality.\nAgain, I wouldn’t claim — not yet, at least — that Trump is presiding over a fascist government, but he is very clearly using fascist techniques to excite his base and erode liberal democratic institutions, and that’s very troubling.\nBut the blame there is as much on the Republican Party as it is on Trump, because none of this would matter if they were willing to check Trump. So far, they’ve chosen loyalty to Trump over loyalty to rule of law.\nSean Illing\nIn the book, you imply that there’s something inherently fascist about American politics, or at the very least that fascism has always been a latent force in America. Can you elaborate on that?\nJason Stanley\nWell, the Ku Klux Klan deeply affected Adolf Hitler. He explicitly praised the 1924 Immigration Act, which severely limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US, as a useful model.\nThe 1920s and the 1930s was a very fascist time in the United States. You’ve got very patriarchal family values and a politics of resentment aimed at black Americans and other groups as internal threats, and this gets exported to Europe.\nSo we have a long history of genocide against native peoples and anti-black racism and anti-immigration hysteria, and at the same time there’s a strain of American exceptionalism, which manifests as a kind of mythological history and encourages Americans to think of their own country as a unique force for good.\nThis doesn’t make America a fascist country, but all of these ingredients are easily channeled into a fascist politics.\nSean Illing\nAnd yet at the same time there are countervailing forces that push us in the opposite direction, and so America exists in this perpetual tension between liberal democracy and reactionary fascism.\nJason Stanley\nAbsolutely. America is exceptional in good ways as well.\nWe have an exceptional devotion to liberty and equality, as embodied in our struggle for civil rights and our fight against fascism in World War II. I’m corny about these things, and I believe America has had truly great moments and has made a lot of progress.\nBut, as you said, the fascist threat is always lurking, and we just have to be aware of it.         \nSean Illing\nWhat does your book have to say about the way forward? If we are indeed threatened by fascist movements, both here and abroad, what can citizens and governments do about it?\nJason Stanley\nWe should heed the warning of the poem on the side of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which says, “First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out because I was not Jewish. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak for me.” At a certain point it’s too late.\nWe learned first from that poem who the targets are. The targets are leftists, minorities, labor unions, and anyone or any institution that isn’t glorified in the fascist narrative. And even if you’re not in any of those groups, you have to protect those who are, and you have to protect them from the very beginning. Simple acts of courage early on will save you impossible acts of courage later.\nTo be clear, this isn’t alarmist. We’re not on the brink of some fascist takeover. But there are reasons to be concerned, and we should always be on guard — that’s the lesson of history. Our weapons are our high ideals of liberty and equality, and we have to fight to keep those American ideals.\nWe’re fortunate enough to have liberty and equality baked into our founding ideals. We have a long history of people appealing to those ideals and saying, “We might disagree on a number of things but we agree that truth, liberty, equality are things we stand up for.” So whatever happens, we have to continually double down on those ideals — that’s what will save us.\nThis article was originally published on September 19, 2018."},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Politics","item":"https://www.vox.com/politics"}]}]</script><link rel="preload" as="image" imageSrcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2400 2400w" imageSizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 700px" fetchPriority="high"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="41"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static-assets/icons/favicon.ico"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static-assets/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static-assets/icons/favicon-32x32.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/static-assets/icons/favicon-96x96.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static-assets/icons/favicon-16x16.png"/><link rel="mask-icon" href="/static-assets/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/static-assets/icons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/static-assets/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png" sizes="512x512"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com/"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://micro.rubiconproject.com/prebid/dynamic/7470.js"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://stats.g.doubleclick.net"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.permutive.com"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/88a8ddbe4e003a07-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/02a6a628405a8717-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/e0254450cb20f2df-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/25577af7849629f7-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/828efb6f50bf03f1-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/10367bf32d09451b-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/fead4f107a591435-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/cdfe024652dbbf9b-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/0fbab36608103a05-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/media/0a7d1127b1849c3a-s.p.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" data-next-font="size-adjust"/><script id="one_trust" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">function OptanonWrapper() {}</script><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/49240f3acf2311fc.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/49240f3acf2311fc.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/487661282ae81252.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/487661282ae81252.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/50fc07ab679a5652.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/50fc07ab679a5652.css" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-78c92fac7aa8fdd8.js"></script><script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeCFmwfAAAAAA4qBtkgg3WVJWVYGkt05yKT6gi1" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charSet="UTF-8" data-domain-script="061a3849-82ea-4d33-b063-9a4de697c5c5" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="https://micro.rubiconproject.com/prebid/dynamic/7470.js" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="https://cdn.concert.io/lib/concert-ads/v2-latest/concert_ads.js" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="https://cdn.concert.io/lib/concert-concierge.2.10.1.min.js" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="https://pub.doubleverify.com/dvtag/21236410/DV464041/pub.js" async="" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-38a3b579065514fc.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-534907e63f89534d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-50e96814680a1b22.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-d4c2bf5fba4761f1.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5126-2565501ef9d9784c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1465-ff7e45142d9cde20.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7245-dd1741cd6f9d6dd6.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/4169-8cde263520a9131c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1354-ed7b489443d8d6c1.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8862-f52d03afe9a33425.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9951-b008a54842f4f700.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/3665-2dc9db9ac44e20f2.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/310-6d74a434ee652763.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5211-1f30bfa3f4daa69e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8458-06d7553cd88d9570.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9604-a3e3051ebb8574a5.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/4047-918c6afd769fa4e1.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/resource/content/post/%5BnodeId%5D-f46f5e41f3eb5309.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/h5eB_VpOn51J6ScgPqIN2/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/h5eB_VpOn51J6ScgPqIN2/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body class="_19dl57i0"><div id="__next"><style> :root { --font-balto: '__balto_331ad4', '__balto_Fallback_331ad4', Arial, sans-serif;--font-harriet: '__harriet_cfe5a1', '__harriet_Fallback_cfe5a1', Georgia, serif;--font-roboto-mono: '__Roboto_Mono_e2d6a2', '__Roboto_Mono_Fallback_e2d6a2'; } </style><style> *, *::before, *::after { transition: none!important; } </style><div class="duet--app _1agbrix1"><a class="duet--cta--button bl2rg42 bl2rg40 duet--cta--skip-to-content _19riaqz0" href="#content"><span>Skip to main content</span></a><div><div class="_16vlidu0"><div class="_1j2ggcb1 _1j2ggcb0"><div class="_1j2ggcb4"><div class="_1j2ggcb6 _1j2ggcb5"><a href="/"><span class="_142ra0g0">The homepage</span><svg width="120" height="58" viewBox="0 0 120 58" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="_1j2ggcb8"><title>Vox</title><desc>Vox logo</desc><path fill="#fff200" d="M155-6.7h123.8v115H155z"></path><path d="M55.1 77.5h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1l-13.9 30.7L23.7 82c-.3-3.1 1.3-4.5 4.8-4.5h2l.2-.8H.5l-.3.8h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3l5.4 51.6h12.7L45 88.3c3.3-6.7 6.7-10.8 10.1-10.8zm-2.5 56.1c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2-3.2 13.7-4.4 16.5-8.1 16.5zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2-3.4 2.9-7.1 4.7-10.1 4.7-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3 1.3 6.2 4.4 12.3 9.7 12.3 6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2z" fill="#fff"></path><path class="_1eb8rv20" d="M55.1.9h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1L27.1 45.3 23.7 5.4C23.4 2.3 25 .9 28.5.9h2l.2-.8H.5L.2.9h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3L11 56.8h12.7L45 11.7C48.3 5 51.7.9 55.1.9zM52.6 57c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2C57.5 54.2 56.3 57 52.6 57zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2C65 37.2 61.3 39 58.3 39c-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3C92.9 51.9 96 58 101.3 58c6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2zm133.7-13.4h2.1l.2-1h-26l-.2 1h3.8c3.3 0 6 2.3 6 6.8 0 2.6-1.1 5.8-2.9 9.8L213 70.4 208.7 22c-.4-3.8 1.6-5.5 5.8-5.5h2.4l.2-1h-36.7l-.4 1h2.3c2.9 0 4 1.8 4.3 5.2l6.6 62.7h15.4l25.9-54.8c4.2-8.1 8.3-13.1 12.4-13.1z"></path></svg></a></div><nav class="_1j2ggcbc _1j2ggcbb" aria-label="Top Navigation"><ul class="rr52vu1 rr52vu0"><li class="_1ssspgd1 p9cztz0 p9cztz2 p9cztz1"><a href="/explainers" class="p9cztz4"><span class="p9cztz5 p9cztz8 p9cztz7">Explainers</span></a></li><li class="_1ssspgd1 p9cztz0 p9cztz2 p9cztz1"><a href="/politics" class="p9cztz4"><span class="p9cztz5 p9cztz8 p9cztz7">Politics</span></a></li><li class="_1ssspgd1 p9cztz0 p9cztz2 p9cztz1"><a href="/culture" class="p9cztz4"><span class="p9cztz5 p9cztz8 p9cztz7">Culture</span></a></li><li class="_1ssspgd1 p9cztz0 p9cztz2 p9cztz1"><a href="/advice" class="p9cztz4"><span class="p9cztz5 p9cztz8 p9cztz7">Advice</span></a></li><li class="_1ssspgd1 p9cztz0 p9cztz2 p9cztz1"><a href="/podcasts" class="p9cztz4"><span class="p9cztz5 p9cztz9 p9cztz7">Listen<span class="p9cztzb"><svg class="" width="13" height="10" viewBox="0 0 13 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Audio</title><path d="M6.648.463 3.471 3.212H.463v3.537h2.962l3.223 2.788V.463Z" fill=""></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.841.042c.165.075.27.24.27.421v9.074a.463.463 0 0 1-.766.35L3.253 7.212H.463A.463.463 0 0 1 0 6.749V3.212c0-.256.207-.463.463-.463h2.835L6.345.113a.463.463 0 0 1 .496-.071Zm-.656 1.434L3.774 3.562a.463.463 0 0 1-.303.113H.926v2.61h2.5c.11 0 .218.04.302.113l2.457 2.126V1.476ZM10.474.145c.2-.16.49-.128.65.071a7.65 7.65 0 0 1 0 9.583.463.463 0 0 1-.721-.58 6.725 6.725 0 0 0 0-8.423.463.463 0 0 1 .07-.65Zm-1.19 1.192a.463.463 0 0 1 .648.098 6.02 6.02 0 0 1 0 7.145.463.463 0 1 1-.745-.55 5.094 5.094 0 0 0 0-6.045.463.463 0 0 1 .098-.648ZM7.99 2.638a.463.463 0 0 1 .642.133 4.075 4.075 0 0 1 0 4.473.463.463 0 0 1-.775-.508 3.15 3.15 0 0 0 0-3.456.463.463 0 0 1 .133-.642Z" fill=""></path></svg></span></span></a></li><li class="_1ssspgd1 p9cztz0 p9cztz2 p9cztz1"><a href="/videos" class="p9cztz4"><span class="p9cztz5 p9cztz9 p9cztz7">Watch<span class="p9cztzb"><svg class="" width="13" height="8" viewBox="0 0 13 8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Video</title><path d="M6.796.259H1.204C.66.259.217.786.217 1.436v5.128c0 .65.442 1.177.987 1.177h5.592c.545 0 .987-.527.987-1.177V1.436c0-.65-.442-1.177-.987-1.177Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.204 0h5.592C7.46 0 8 .643 8 1.436v5.128C8 7.357 7.46 8 6.796 8H1.204C.54 8 0 7.357 0 6.564V1.436C0 .643.54 0 1.204 0Zm0 .259h5.592c.545 0 .987.527.987 1.177v5.128c0 .65-.442 1.177-.987 1.177H1.204c-.545 0-.987-.527-.987-1.177V1.436c0-.65.442-1.177.987-1.177Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="m9.037 3.08 3.527-2.034v5.91L9.037 4.922V3.08Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8.8 3.08c0-.09.047-.171.122-.215L12.45.832a.23.23 0 0 1 .235.003.247.247 0 0 1 .117.211v5.91a.247.247 0 0 1-.117.211.23.23 0 0 1-.235.003L8.922 5.136a.247.247 0 0 1-.121-.214V3.08Zm.237 1.842V3.08l3.527-2.034v5.91L9.037 4.922Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></a></li></ul></nav><div class="_1j2ggcbf _1j2ggcbe"><button class="c481el0" aria-controls="drawer_:Rb6:" aria-label="Open Drawer"><span class="c481el1">Menu</span><span class="c481el2"><svg width="23" height="17" class="c481el3" viewBox="0 0 23 17" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><line x1="0.867188" y1="1.53857" x2="22.8672" y2="1.53857" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line><line x1="0.867188" y1="8.53857" x2="22.8672" y2="8.53857" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line><line x1="0.867188" y1="15.5386" x2="22.8672" y2="15.5386" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div><div class="_16vlidu2"><div class="_1771tfx0"><div class="_1771tfx2"><div class="_1771tfx3"><a href="/"><span class="_142ra0g0">The homepage</span><svg width="120" height="58" viewBox="0 0 120 58" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="_1771tfx4"><title>Vox</title><desc>Vox logo</desc><path fill="#fff200" d="M155-6.7h123.8v115H155z"></path><path d="M55.1 77.5h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1l-13.9 30.7L23.7 82c-.3-3.1 1.3-4.5 4.8-4.5h2l.2-.8H.5l-.3.8h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3l5.4 51.6h12.7L45 88.3c3.3-6.7 6.7-10.8 10.1-10.8zm-2.5 56.1c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2-3.2 13.7-4.4 16.5-8.1 16.5zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2-3.4 2.9-7.1 4.7-10.1 4.7-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3 1.3 6.2 4.4 12.3 9.7 12.3 6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2z" fill="#fff"></path><path class="_1eb8rv20" d="M55.1.9h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1L27.1 45.3 23.7 5.4C23.4 2.3 25 .9 28.5.9h2l.2-.8H.5L.2.9h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3L11 56.8h12.7L45 11.7C48.3 5 51.7.9 55.1.9zM52.6 57c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2C57.5 54.2 56.3 57 52.6 57zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2C65 37.2 61.3 39 58.3 39c-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3C92.9 51.9 96 58 101.3 58c6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2zm133.7-13.4h2.1l.2-1h-26l-.2 1h3.8c3.3 0 6 2.3 6 6.8 0 2.6-1.1 5.8-2.9 9.8L213 70.4 208.7 22c-.4-3.8 1.6-5.5 5.8-5.5h2.4l.2-1h-36.7l-.4 1h2.3c2.9 0 4 1.8 4.3 5.2l6.6 62.7h15.4l25.9-54.8c4.2-8.1 8.3-13.1 12.4-13.1z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="_1771tfx5"><div class="_1771tfx6"><button class="hqwttv0" aria-controls="drawer_:Rb6:" aria-label="Open Drawer"><svg width="23" height="17" class="hqwttv1" viewBox="0 0 23 17" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><line x1="0.867188" y1="1.53857" x2="22.8672" y2="1.53857" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line><line x1="0.867188" y1="8.53857" x2="22.8672" y2="8.53857" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line><line x1="0.867188" y1="15.5386" x2="22.8672" y2="15.5386" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="xmuitp0" id="drawer_:Rb6:" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="drawer_:Rb6:-title" hidden="" style="display:none"><section class="xmuitp1 _1yqd7kl0" id="drawer_:Rb6:-scroll" hidden="" style="display:none"><div class="_142ra0g0"><div id="drawer_:Rb6:-title">Navigation Drawer</div></div><div><div class="_1yqd7kl5"><div><div><div class="_1yqd7kl1"><button class="al1lul0" aria-controls="drawer_:Rb6:" aria-label="Close Drawer"><span>close</span><svg class="al1lul1" width="20" height="19" viewBox="0 0 20 19" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Close</title><line x1="1.70711" y1="0.831956" x2="18.6483" y2="17.7731" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line><line x1="1.35149" y1="17.7734" x2="18.2927" y2="0.832185" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line></svg></button></div><div><form aria-label="Search Form"><div class="duet--cta--form-field-text bwzmda0 iaa3me1"><label for=":R15l1r6:" class="_1vr06930 _142ra0g0">Search</label><div class="bwzmda1"><input id=":R15l1r6:" class="_1vr06931 _1yqd7kl2 iaa3me2" aria-invalid="false" name="query" type="text" spellcheck="false" maxLength="255" autoComplete="off" placeholder="Search" required=""/><span class="bwzmda4"><button type="submit" aria-label="Submit Search"><svg class="_1yqd7kl3 iaa3me3" width="21" height="20" viewBox="0 0 21 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.6667 13.2093C12.6485 13.9936 11.357 14.4626 9.95174 14.4626C6.66468 14.4626 4 11.8966 4 8.7313C4 5.56599 6.66468 3 9.95174 3C13.2388 3 15.9035 5.56599 15.9035 8.7313C15.9035 10.0845 15.4164 11.3282 14.602 12.3087L17.5 15.0994L16.5648 16L13.6667 13.2093ZM5.32261 8.7313C5.32261 6.26939 7.39514 4.27362 9.95174 4.27362C12.5083 4.27362 14.5809 6.26939 14.5809 8.7313C14.5809 9.8776 14.1315 10.9228 13.3933 11.7126L13.0477 12.0454C12.2276 12.7563 11.1421 13.189 9.95174 13.189C7.39514 13.189 5.32261 11.1932 5.32261 8.7313Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></span></div></div></form></div><nav class="_4q5u9i1" data-children="3"><ul class="_4q5u9i2"><li class="_4q5u9i3"><a href="/videos" class="_4q5u9i4"><svg class="" width="22" height="14" viewBox="0 0 13 8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Video</title><path d="M6.796.259H1.204C.66.259.217.786.217 1.436v5.128c0 .65.442 1.177.987 1.177h5.592c.545 0 .987-.527.987-1.177V1.436c0-.65-.442-1.177-.987-1.177Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.204 0h5.592C7.46 0 8 .643 8 1.436v5.128C8 7.357 7.46 8 6.796 8H1.204C.54 8 0 7.357 0 6.564V1.436C0 .643.54 0 1.204 0Zm0 .259h5.592c.545 0 .987.527.987 1.177v5.128c0 .65-.442 1.177-.987 1.177H1.204c-.545 0-.987-.527-.987-1.177V1.436c0-.65.442-1.177.987-1.177Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="m9.037 3.08 3.527-2.034v5.91L9.037 4.922V3.08Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8.8 3.08c0-.09.047-.171.122-.215L12.45.832a.23.23 0 0 1 .235.003.247.247 0 0 1 .117.211v5.91a.247.247 0 0 1-.117.211.23.23 0 0 1-.235.003L8.922 5.136a.247.247 0 0 1-.121-.214V3.08Zm.237 1.842V3.08l3.527-2.034v5.91L9.037 4.922Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Watch</a></li><li class="_4q5u9i3"><a href="/podcasts" class="_4q5u9i4"><svg class="" width="22" height="17" viewBox="0 0 13 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Audio</title><path d="M6.648.463 3.471 3.212H.463v3.537h2.962l3.223 2.788V.463Z" fill=""></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.841.042c.165.075.27.24.27.421v9.074a.463.463 0 0 1-.766.35L3.253 7.212H.463A.463.463 0 0 1 0 6.749V3.212c0-.256.207-.463.463-.463h2.835L6.345.113a.463.463 0 0 1 .496-.071Zm-.656 1.434L3.774 3.562a.463.463 0 0 1-.303.113H.926v2.61h2.5c.11 0 .218.04.302.113l2.457 2.126V1.476ZM10.474.145c.2-.16.49-.128.65.071a7.65 7.65 0 0 1 0 9.583.463.463 0 0 1-.721-.58 6.725 6.725 0 0 0 0-8.423.463.463 0 0 1 .07-.65Zm-1.19 1.192a.463.463 0 0 1 .648.098 6.02 6.02 0 0 1 0 7.145.463.463 0 1 1-.745-.55 5.094 5.094 0 0 0 0-6.045.463.463 0 0 1 .098-.648ZM7.99 2.638a.463.463 0 0 1 .642.133 4.075 4.075 0 0 1 0 4.473.463.463 0 0 1-.775-.508 3.15 3.15 0 0 0 0-3.456.463.463 0 0 1 .133-.642Z" fill=""></path></svg>Listen</a></li><li class="_4q5u9i3"><a href="/21523212/crossword-puzzles-free-daily-printable" class="_4q5u9i4"><svg class="" width="22" height="22" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 49 49"><title>Crossword</title><g transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,-2,-1.6)"><g transform="matrix(1.0083,0,0,1.0083,0.790041,0.591701)"><rect x="1.2" y="1" width="48.2" height="48.2" fill="white"></rect></g><g transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,1,0.8)"><path d="M1,0.8L1,49.4L49.6,49.4L49.6,0.8L1,0.8ZM3.7,3.5L23.8,3.5L23.8,23.9L3.7,23.9L3.7,3.5ZM46.9,46.7L26.5,46.7L26.5,26.6L46.9,26.6L46.9,46.7ZM46.9,23.9L26.5,23.9L26.5,3.5L46.9,3.5L46.9,23.9Z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></g></svg>Play</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="_1yqd7kl4" aria-label="Drawer Navigation"><ul><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/explainers" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Explainers</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/politics" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Politics</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/culture" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Culture</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/advice" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Advice</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/science" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Science</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/technology" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Technology</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/climate" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Climate</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/health" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Health</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/money" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Money</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/life" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Life</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/future-perfect" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1">Future Perfect</a></li><li class="fl1qjc0"><a href="/newsletters" rel="noreferrer" class="fl1qjc1 fl1qjc2">Newsletters</a></li></ul></nav></div><div><a class="duet--cta--button bl2rg42 bl2rg40 _1ssspgd0 bl2rg46" href="/support-now?itm_campaign=member-menu-nav&itm_medium=site&itm_source=navigation"><span>Become a Member</span></a></div></div><div class="_1yqd7kl6"></div><div class="_1yqd7kl8"><ul class="_1by3cg30"><li class="_1by3cg31"><a class="_1by3cg32" href="/auth/login?redirectTo=%2F">Login</a><div class="_1by3cg33"> / </div><a class="_1by3cg32" href="/auth/login?redirectTo=%2F">Sign Up</a></li></ul><ul class="_1y2f8pg0"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/vox" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Facebook</title><path d="M27.0174 21.7497L27.8495 16.3604H22.6403V12.8637C22.6403 11.3906 23.3668 9.95151 25.7019 9.95151H28.0714V5.36435C28.0714 5.36435 25.9212 5 23.866 5C19.5761 5 16.7707 7.57929 16.7707 12.2529V16.3604H12V21.7497H16.7707V34.7746C17.727 34.924 18.707 35 19.7055 35C20.704 35 21.6841 34.9214 22.6403 34.7746V21.7497H27.0174Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/voxdotcom" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Instagram</title><path d="M14.1274 6C9.65144 6 6 9.65144 6 14.1274V25.8726C6 30.3486 9.65144 34 14.1274 34H25.8726C30.3486 34 34 30.3486 34 25.8726V14.1274C34 9.65144 30.3486 6 25.8726 6H14.1274ZM14.1274 8.15385H25.8726C29.1833 8.15385 31.8462 10.8125 31.8462 14.1274V25.8726C31.8462 29.1833 29.1875 31.8462 25.8726 31.8462H14.1274C10.8167 31.8462 8.15385 29.1875 8.15385 25.8726V14.1274C8.15385 10.8167 10.8125 8.15385 14.1274 8.15385ZM28.0769 10.3077C27.1851 10.3077 26.4615 11.0313 26.4615 11.9231C26.4615 12.8149 27.1851 13.5385 28.0769 13.5385C28.9688 13.5385 29.6923 12.8149 29.6923 11.9231C29.6923 11.0313 28.9688 10.3077 28.0769 10.3077ZM20 12.4615C15.848 12.4615 12.4615 15.848 12.4615 20C12.4615 24.152 15.848 27.5385 20 27.5385C24.152 27.5385 27.5385 24.152 27.5385 20C27.5385 15.848 24.152 12.4615 20 12.4615ZM20 14.6154C22.9868 14.6154 25.3846 17.0132 25.3846 20C25.3846 22.9868 22.9868 25.3846 20 25.3846C17.0132 25.3846 14.6154 22.9868 14.6154 20C14.6154 17.0132 17.0132 14.6154 20 14.6154Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/voxdotcom" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Youtube</title><path d="M33.4148 12.0057C33.0928 10.8232 32.1436 9.891 30.9396 9.57475C28.7556 9 20 9 20 9C20 9 11.2444 9 9.0604 9.57475C7.8564 9.891 6.9072 10.8232 6.5852 12.0057C6 14.1507 6 20 6 20C6 20 6 25.8492 6.5852 27.9942C6.9072 29.1767 7.8564 30.109 9.0604 30.4253C11.2444 31 20 31 20 31C20 31 28.7556 31 30.9396 30.4253C32.145 30.109 33.0928 29.1767 33.4148 27.9942C34 25.8492 34 20 34 20C34 20 34 14.1507 33.4148 12.0057ZM17.2 24.763V15.237L25.6 20L17.2 24.763Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.vox.com/rss/index.xml" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" height="30" width="30" viewBox="-2 -1 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>RSS</title><path fill="" d="M3.772 10.864c0 .454-.159.84-.477 1.159a1.578 1.578 0 0 1-1.159.477c-.454 0-.84-.16-1.159-.477a1.578 1.578 0 0 1-.477-1.16c0-.454.16-.84.477-1.158a1.578 1.578 0 0 1 1.16-.478c.454 0 .84.16 1.158.478.318.318.477.704.477 1.159Zm4.363 1.048a.516.516 0 0 1-.144.409.502.502 0 0 1-.401.179H6.44a.524.524 0 0 1-.367-.14.519.519 0 0 1-.17-.354A5.3 5.3 0 0 0 4.33 8.669 5.3 5.3 0 0 0 .994 7.097a.519.519 0 0 1-.353-.17A.524.524 0 0 1 .5 6.56V5.41c0-.166.06-.3.179-.401a.497.497 0 0 1 .366-.145h.043a7.64 7.64 0 0 1 2.608.686c.83.383 1.565.899 2.207 1.547a7.536 7.536 0 0 1 1.546 2.207c.384.83.613 1.699.686 2.608Zm4.364.017a.493.493 0 0 1-.154.4.504.504 0 0 1-.392.171h-1.218a.532.532 0 0 1-.38-.15.51.51 0 0 1-.166-.361 9.53 9.53 0 0 0-.86-3.482 9.796 9.796 0 0 0-1.973-2.864A9.795 9.795 0 0 0 4.492 3.67a9.65 9.65 0 0 0-3.48-.869.51.51 0 0 1-.363-.166.522.522 0 0 1-.149-.37v-1.22C.5.886.557.755.67.653A.51.51 0 0 1 1.045.5h.026c1.488.074 2.913.415 4.274 1.023 1.36.608 2.569 1.443 3.625 2.505a11.948 11.948 0 0 1 2.506 3.627 11.83 11.83 0 0 1 1.022 4.274Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@vox" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>TikTok</title><path d="M34 17.1227C31.2476 17.1293 28.5627 16.2709 26.3247 14.669V25.8418C26.3239 27.9111 25.6914 29.9309 24.5117 31.6311C23.332 33.3312 21.6613 34.6307 19.7231 35.3558C17.7849 36.0808 15.6715 36.1969 13.6655 35.6885C11.6595 35.1801 9.85661 34.0714 8.49777 32.5107C7.13894 30.95 6.28899 29.0116 6.06156 26.9548C5.83414 24.898 6.24009 22.8208 7.22513 21.001C8.21016 19.1811 9.72734 17.7053 11.5738 16.771C13.4202 15.8366 15.5079 15.4882 17.5577 15.7724V21.3919C16.6197 21.0969 15.6125 21.1058 14.6799 21.4173C13.7472 21.7288 12.9369 22.3271 12.3645 23.1266C11.7922 23.9262 11.4871 24.8861 11.4929 25.8694C11.4987 26.8526 11.8151 27.8089 12.3968 28.6016C12.9785 29.3944 13.7958 29.983 14.7321 30.2836C15.6683 30.5841 16.6756 30.5811 17.6101 30.2751C18.5445 29.969 19.3584 29.3755 19.9354 28.5793C20.5124 27.7832 20.8231 26.825 20.8231 25.8418V4H26.3247C26.3208 4.46458 26.3598 4.92853 26.4409 5.38598C26.6321 6.40716 27.0296 7.37861 27.6091 8.24091C28.1886 9.10321 28.938 9.83822 29.8113 10.401C31.0538 11.2225 32.5105 11.6604 34 11.6601V17.1227Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></section></div><nav aria-label="Sticky Nav" class="duet--navigation--sticky-nav _1bn7g9f0"><div class="_1bn7g9f5 _1bn7g9f4"><a href="/" aria-label="Click to visit the homepage" tabindex="-1" class="_1bn7g9f2"><svg width="120" height="58" viewBox="0 0 120 58" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="_1bn7g9f8"><title>Vox</title><desc>Vox logo</desc><path fill="#fff200" d="M155-6.7h123.8v115H155z"></path><path d="M55.1 77.5h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1l-13.9 30.7L23.7 82c-.3-3.1 1.3-4.5 4.8-4.5h2l.2-.8H.5l-.3.8h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3l5.4 51.6h12.7L45 88.3c3.3-6.7 6.7-10.8 10.1-10.8zm-2.5 56.1c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2-3.2 13.7-4.4 16.5-8.1 16.5zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2-3.4 2.9-7.1 4.7-10.1 4.7-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3 1.3 6.2 4.4 12.3 9.7 12.3 6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2z" fill="#fff"></path><path class="_1eb8rv20" d="M55.1.9h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1L27.1 45.3 23.7 5.4C23.4 2.3 25 .9 28.5.9h2l.2-.8H.5L.2.9h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3L11 56.8h12.7L45 11.7C48.3 5 51.7.9 55.1.9zM52.6 57c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2C57.5 54.2 56.3 57 52.6 57zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2C65 37.2 61.3 39 58.3 39c-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3C92.9 51.9 96 58 101.3 58c6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2zm133.7-13.4h2.1l.2-1h-26l-.2 1h3.8c3.3 0 6 2.3 6 6.8 0 2.6-1.1 5.8-2.9 9.8L213 70.4 208.7 22c-.4-3.8 1.6-5.5 5.8-5.5h2.4l.2-1h-36.7l-.4 1h2.3c2.9 0 4 1.8 4.3 5.2l6.6 62.7h15.4l25.9-54.8c4.2-8.1 8.3-13.1 12.4-13.1z"></path></svg></a><div class="_1bn7g9f7">How fascism works</div><div class="_1bn7g9f9"><button aria-controls="drawer_:Rb6:" aria-label="Open Drawer" class="_1bn7g9fg"><svg width="23" height="17" class="_1bn7g9fb" viewBox="0 0 23 17" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><line x1="0.867188" y1="1.53857" x2="22.8672" y2="1.53857" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line><line x1="0.867188" y1="8.53857" x2="22.8672" y2="8.53857" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line><line x1="0.867188" y1="15.5386" x2="22.8672" y2="15.5386" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"></line></svg></button></div></div></nav><div class="duet--navigation--wiki-banner _1juo5fm2"><div class="_1agbrix3 _1juo5fm4 _1agbrixx"><h2 class="_1juo5fm8">Fearless journalism needs your support now more than ever</h2><div class="_1juo5fm6"><div class="_1juo5fm9"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Our mission could not be more clear and more necessary: We have a duty to explain what just happened, and why, and what it means for you. We need clear-eyed journalism that helps you understand what really matters. Reporting that brings clarity in increasingly chaotic times. <b>Reporting that is driven by truth, not by what people in power want you to believe.</b></p></div><div class="_1juo5fm7"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1juo5fma">We rely on readers like you to fund our journalism. <strong>Will you support our work and become a Vox Member today?</strong></p><a class="duet--cta--button bl2rg41 bl2rg40 _1juo5fmb" href="https://www.vox.com/support-now?itm_campaign=50-to-5000-oct-2024&itm_medium=site&itm_source=wikibanner"><span>Support Vox</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--page-layout--post _1agbrix0 _1agbrix8 _1agbrix9 _1agbrixa"><main id="content"><div class="_1ugw7dwo _1ugw7dw1 _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw20"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dwp" data-concert="tablet_leaderboard"></div></div><div class="_1ugw7dwq _1ugw7dw1 _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw22"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dwr" data-concert="desktop_leaderboard_variable"></div></div><article><div class="duet--article--lede duet--page-layout--standard-article"><div class="duet--ledes--standard-lede _135mano0 _1agbrix3"><div class="_135mano1"><div class="dz06u40"><div class="dz06u42"><span class="_160ma52s"><ul class="_1g6d7eud"><li class=""><a href="/politics" class="_1g6d7eu3 xkp0cg4">Politics</a></li></ul></span></div><div class=""><h1 class="h74scy1 h74scy0 xkp0cg9 xkp0cg8">How fascism works</h1><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup h74scy9 h74scy8 xkp0cg9">A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump.</p></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="_135mano3"><div class="_160ma521 _160ma520"><div class="_160ma527 _160ma52d"><div class="duet--article--article-byline xkp0cg9 _15r56j10"><p class=""><span>by</span> <span><span></span> <span class="_15r56j12 _15r56j13"><a href="/authors/sean-illing">Sean Illing</a></span></span></p></div><span class="duet--article--timestamp _1rf9w8o3 _1rf9w8o1 _1rf9w8o0 xkp0cg4 xkp0cg9">Updated <time dateTime="2018-12-15T16:06:45+00:00">Dec 15, 2018, 4:06 PM UTC</time></span></div><div class="_160ma52f _160ma52e _160ma52k _160ma52l"><div class="_160ma52n _160ma52m"><span class="_160ma52s"><ul class="duet--article--share-buttons _9txrgw0"><li><button aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="_9txrgw1"><svg class="_9txrgw2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Facebook</title><path d="M27.0174 21.7497L27.8495 16.3604H22.6403V12.8637C22.6403 11.3906 23.3668 9.95151 25.7019 9.95151H28.0714V5.36435C28.0714 5.36435 25.9212 5 23.866 5C19.5761 5 16.7707 7.57929 16.7707 12.2529V16.3604H12V21.7497H16.7707V34.7746C17.727 34.924 18.707 35 19.7055 35C20.704 35 21.6841 34.9214 22.6403 34.7746V21.7497H27.0174Z" fill=""></path></svg></button></li><li><div class="_9txrgw3"><button aria-label="Copy link" class="_9txrgw1"><svg class="_9txrgw2" width="40" height="40" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Link</title><path d="M16.9691 32.9499C14.2358 35.6832 9.78321 35.6832 7.04996 32.9499C4.31671 30.2166 4.31665 25.764 7.04996 23.0307L12.5606 17.52C15.294 14.7867 19.7465 14.7867 22.4798 17.52C22.704 17.7383 22.8315 18.037 22.8337 18.3499C22.8359 18.6628 22.7125 18.9634 22.4912 19.1846C22.2702 19.4059 21.9693 19.5293 21.6568 19.5271C21.3439 19.5249 21.0449 19.3975 20.8266 19.1732C18.9805 17.3271 16.0599 17.3271 14.2137 19.1732L8.70306 24.6839C6.85694 26.53 6.85694 29.4507 8.70306 31.2968C10.5492 33.1429 13.4698 33.1426 15.3159 31.2968L20.551 26.0614V26.0617C20.7693 25.8375 21.0683 25.71 21.3811 25.7078C21.694 25.7056 21.9946 25.829 22.2159 26.0503C22.4368 26.2716 22.5602 26.5722 22.5581 26.885C22.5559 27.1979 22.4284 27.4966 22.2042 27.7149L16.9691 32.9499ZM27.4394 22.4796C24.706 25.2129 20.2535 25.2129 17.5202 22.4796V22.4799C17.296 22.2616 17.1685 21.9629 17.1663 21.65C17.1644 21.3372 17.2875 21.0366 17.5088 20.8153C17.7301 20.5941 18.0307 20.4707 18.3435 20.4728C18.6564 20.475 18.9551 20.6025 19.1734 20.8267C21.0195 22.6728 23.9401 22.6728 25.7863 20.8267L31.2969 15.316C33.1431 13.4699 33.1431 10.5493 31.2969 8.70316C29.4508 6.85704 26.5302 6.85704 24.6841 8.70316L19.449 13.9382C19.2307 14.1625 18.9317 14.2902 18.6189 14.2924C18.306 14.2946 18.0054 14.1712 17.7841 13.9499C17.5629 13.7286 17.4395 13.428 17.4417 13.1149C17.4438 12.802 17.5713 12.503 17.7958 12.285L23.0309 7.04999C25.7642 4.31667 30.2168 4.31667 32.95 7.04999C35.6833 9.7833 35.6834 14.2359 32.95 16.9691L27.4394 22.4798L27.4394 22.4796Z"></path></svg></button></div></li></ul></span></div></div><div class="_160ma52u"><div class="_1ugw7dw8 _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1y"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw9" data-concert="article_sponsorship"></div></div></div><div class="_160ma5217 _160ma521c"><div class="_160ma5210"><div class="_1ugw7dw8 _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1y"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw9" data-concert="article_sponsorship"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--layout--entry-body-container uui04u0 _1agbrix3"><div class="uui04u1"><div class="duet--layout--entry-body _36bfln0"><div class="duet--ledes--standard-lede-bottom"><div class="_135mano4"><div class="cr8c9y0"><div class="cr8c9y2 cr8c9y1 sticky-nav-trigger"></div><div class="duet--layout--entry-image x1mfgc0"><div class="x1mfgc1 x1mfgc2"><div class="_1agbrixm _1agbrixv"><img alt="Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’" data-chromatic="ignore" fetchPriority="high" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 700px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2400"/></div><div class="_1agbrixl _1agbrixv"><img alt="Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’" data-chromatic="ignore" fetchPriority="high" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 700px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C6.3752276867031%2C99.111111111111%2C81.238615664845&w=2400"/></div></div><div class="duet--media--caption xptnl10"><figcaption class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup xkp0cg1 xptnl12">Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on “Brown Shirt Day.”</figcaption> <cite class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup xkp0cg1 xptnl11">Shutterstock</cite></div></div></div></div><div class="_135mano5"><div class="_1jvzqea0"></div></div></div><div id="zephr-anchor" class="_1agbrixy"><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">“Fascism” is a word that gets tossed around pretty loosely these days, usually as an epithet to discredit someone else’s politics.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">One consequence is that no one really knows what the term means anymore. Liberals see fascism as the culmination of conservative thinking: an authoritarian, nationalist, and racist system of government organized around corporate power. For conservatives, fascism is totalitarianism masquerading as the nanny state.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">A new book by Yale philosopher <a href="https://www.amazon.com/How-Fascism-Works-Politics-Them/dp/0525511830">Jason Stanley</a> is the latest attempt to clarify what fascism is and how it functions in the modern world. Stanley focuses on propaganda and rhetoric, so his book is largely about the tropes and narratives that drive fascist politics.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">I spoke with him recently about what fascism looks like today, why the destruction of truth is so essential to fascist movements, and whether he thinks it’s accurate to <a href="https://newrepublic.com/minutes/124205/yes-donald-trump-fascist">call</a> President Donald Trump a <a href="https://www.salon.com/2015/07/25/donald_trump_is_an_actual_fascist_what_his_surging_popularity_says_about_the_gop_base/">fascist</a>, as <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/this-is-how-fascism-comes-to-america/2016/05/17/c4e32c58-1c47-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.0f7d1dede9ce">some have</a>.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">A lightly edited transcript of our conversation follows.</p></div><div class="duet--article--block-placement _80slsf1 _80slsf0 duet--article--article-body-component"><hr class="duet--article--divider _1agbrixi w7vpv0"/></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Almost everyone means something different when they use the word “fascism.” What do you mean by it?</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">I think of fascism as a method of politics. It’s a rhetoric, a way of running for power. Of course, that’s connected to fascist ideology, because fascist ideology centers on power. But I really see fascism as a technique to gain power.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">People are always asking, “Is such-and-such politician really a fascist?” Which is really just another way of asking if this person has a particular set of beliefs or an ideology, but again, I don’t really think of a fascist as someone who holds a set of beliefs. They’re using a certain technique to acquire and retain power.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">So fascism isn’t a discrete category — it’s a spectrum? Or a sliding scale?</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Right. And my book identifies the various techniques that fascists tend to adopt, and shows how someone can be more fascist or less fascist in their politics. The key thing is that fascist politics is about identifying enemies, appealing to the in-group (usually the majority group), and smashing truth and replacing it with power.</p></div><div class="duet--article--block-placement _80slsf2 _80slsf0 duet--article--article-body-component"><div class="duet--article--article-pullquote _1iohv3z0"><div class="_1iohv3z1"></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1iohv3z2 xkp0cg8">“Freedom requires truth, and so to smash freedom you must smash truth”</p></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">We’ll get into some more of those techniques, but I’m curious why you think fascism is so hard to pin down as an ideology. People on the left see fascism as the endpoint of right-wing reactionary thinking, and people on the right see fascism as nanny-state totalitarianism. Obviously, it can’t be both of these things.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">I think it’s clearly right-wing. Part of the problem is that “right” and “left” are tricky to talk about, and it’s true that there are dangerous forms of extremism on both sides, but fascism tilts pretty heavily to the right in my view.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">If you think about fascism as a sliding scale, ordinary conservative politics is going to find itself somewhere on that scale — which is not to say that it’s fascist at all, any more than ordinary Democratic politics is communist. But just as extreme versions of communism suppress liberty on behalf of radical equality, so too do extreme versions of right-wing politics, namely fascism, suppress liberty in favor of tradition and dominance and power.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Your specialty is propaganda and rhetoric, and in the book you describe fascism as a collection of tropes and narratives. So what, exactly, is the story fascists are spinning?</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">In the past, fascist politics would focus on the dominant cultural group. The goal is to make them feel like victims, to make them feel like they’ve lost something and that the thing they’ve lost has been taken from them by a specific enemy, usually some minority out-group or some opposing nation.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">This is why fascism flourishes in moments of great anxiety, because you can connect that anxiety with fake loss. The story is typically that a once-great society has been destroyed by liberalism or feminism or cultural Marxism or whatever, and you make the dominant group feel angry and resentful about the loss of their status and power. Almost every manifestation of fascism mirrors this general narrative. </p></div><div class="duet--article--block-placement _80slsf2 _80slsf0 duet--article--article-body-component"><div class="duet--article--article-pullquote _1iohv3z0"><div class="_1iohv3z1"></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1iohv3z2 xkp0cg8">“We’re not on the brink of some fascist takeover. But there are reasons to be concerned, and we should always be on guard — that’s the lesson of history.”</p></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Why is the destruction of truth, as a shared ideal, so critical to the fascist project?</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">It’s important because truth is the heart of liberal democracy. The two ideals of liberal democracy are liberty and equality. If your belief system is shot through with lies, you’re not free. Nobody thinks of the citizens of North Korea as free, because their actions are controlled by lies.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Truth is required to act freely. Freedom requires knowledge, and in order to act freely in the world, you need to know what the world is and know what you’re doing. You only know what you’re doing if you have access to the truth. So freedom requires truth, and so to smash freedom you must smash truth.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">There’s a great line from the philosopher Hannah Arendt, I think in her <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Origins-Totalitarianism-Hannah-Arendt/dp/0156701537">book about totalitarianism</a>, where she says that fascists are never content to merely lie; they must transform their lie into a new reality, and they must persuade people to believe in the unreality they’ve created. And if you get people to do that, you can convince them to do anything.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">I think that’s right. Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality. You get them to sign on to this fantasy version of reality, usually a nationalist narrative about the decline of the country and the need for a strong leader to return it to greatness, and from then on their anchor isn’t the world around them — it’s the leader.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">This is partly why I think of fascism as a kind of anti-politics. I remember reading a quote from <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1975/02/06/fascinating-fascism/">Joseph Goebbels</a>, who was the chief propagandist for the Nazis, and he said that what he was doing was more like art than politics. By which he meant their task was to create an alternative mythical reality for Germans that was more exciting and purposeful than the humdrum reality of liberal democratic politics, and that’s why mass media was so essential the rise of Nazism.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">That’s so interesting. The thing is, people willingly adopt the mythical past. Fascists are always telling a story about a glorious past that’s been lost, and they tap into this nostalgia. So when you fight back against fascism, you’ve got one hand tied behind your back, because the truth is messy and complex and the mythical story is always clear and compelling and entertaining. It’s hard to undercut that with facts.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">This is probably a good time to pivot to the glittering elephant in the room: Donald Trump. Is he a fascist?</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">I make the case in my book that he practices fascist politics. Now, that doesn’t mean his government is a fascist government. For one thing, I think it’s very difficult to say what a fascist government is.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">For another thing, I think the current movement of leaders who use these techniques (Vladimir Putin in Russia, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, <a href="/policy-and-politics/2018/9/13/17823488/hungary-democracy-authoritarianism-trump">Viktor Orbán in Hungary</a>, to name a few) all seek to keep the trappings of democratic institutions, but their goal is to reorient them around their own cult of personality.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Again, I wouldn’t claim — not yet, at least — that Trump is presiding over a fascist government, but he is very clearly using fascist techniques to excite his base and erode liberal democratic institutions, and that’s very troubling.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">But the blame there is as much on the Republican Party as it is on Trump, because none of this would matter if they were willing to check Trump. So far, they’ve chosen loyalty to Trump over loyalty to rule of law.</p></div><div class="duet--article--block-placement _80slsf2 _80slsf0 duet--article--article-body-component"><div class="duet--article--article-pullquote _1iohv3z0"><div class="_1iohv3z1"></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1iohv3z2 xkp0cg8">“Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality”</p></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">In the book, you imply that there’s something inherently fascist about American politics, or at the very least that fascism has always been a latent force in America. Can you elaborate on that?</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Well, the Ku Klux Klan deeply affected Adolf Hitler. He <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0691172420/ref=as_at?creativeASIN=0691172420&linkCode=w61&imprToken=IuoxjWUEhv0sZQeQwkgOOg&slotNum=1&tag=thneyo0f-20">explicitly praised</a> the <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-act">1924 Immigration Act</a>, which severely limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US, as a useful model.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">The 1920s and the 1930s was a very fascist time in the United States. You’ve got very patriarchal family values and a politics of resentment aimed at black Americans and other groups as internal threats, and this gets exported to Europe.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">So we have a long history of genocide against native peoples and anti-black racism and anti-immigration hysteria, and at the same time there’s a strain of American exceptionalism, which manifests as a kind of mythological history and encourages Americans to think of their own country as a unique force for good.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">This doesn’t make America a fascist country, but all of these ingredients are easily channeled into a fascist politics.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">And yet at the same time there are countervailing forces that push us in the opposite direction, and so America exists in this perpetual tension between liberal democracy and reactionary fascism.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">Absolutely. America is exceptional in good ways as well.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">We have an exceptional devotion to liberty and equality, as embodied in our struggle for civil rights and our fight against fascism in World War II. I’m corny about these things, and I believe America has had truly great moments and has made a lot of progress.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">But, as you said, the fascist threat is always lurking, and we just have to be aware of it. </p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="sean-illing" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Sean Illing</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">What does your book have to say about the way forward? If we are indeed threatened by fascist movements, both here and abroad, what can citizens and governments do about it?</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><div id="jason-stanley" class="_7ka5u2 _7ka5u0 duet--article--standard-heading xkp0cg0"><h3 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Jason Stanley</h3></div></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">We should heed the warning of the poem on the side of <a href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/martin-niemoeller-first-they-came-for-the-socialists">the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>, which says, “First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out because I was not Jewish. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak for me.” At a certain point it’s too late.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">We learned first from that poem who the targets are. The targets are leftists, minorities, labor unions, and anyone or any institution that isn’t glorified in the fascist narrative. And even if you’re not in any of those groups, you have to protect those who are, and you have to protect them from the very beginning. Simple acts of courage early on will save you impossible acts of courage later.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">To be clear, this isn’t alarmist. We’re not on the brink of some fascist takeover. But there are reasons to be concerned, and we should always be on guard — that’s the lesson of history. Our weapons are our high ideals of liberty and equality, and we have to fight to keep those American ideals.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0">We’re fortunate enough to have liberty and equality baked into our founding ideals. We have a long history of people appealing to those ideals and saying, “We might disagree on a number of things but we agree that truth, liberty, equality are things we stand up for.” So whatever happens, we have to continually double down on those ideals — that’s what will save us.</p></div><div class="duet--article--article-body-component"><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup duet--article--standard-paragraph _1agbrixh lg8ac51 lg8ac50 xkp0cg0"><em>This article was originally published on September 19, 2018.</em></p></div><aside class="_1tzd3in0 _1agbrixx"><p class="_1tzd3in1">You’ve read 1 article in the last month</p><div class="_1tzd3in2"><div class="_1tzd3in3"><p class="_1tzd3in4">Here at Vox, we're unwavering in our commitment to covering the issues that matter most to you — threats to democracy, immigration, reproductive rights, the environment, and the rising polarization across this country.</p><p class="_1tzd3in4">Our mission is to provide clear, accessible journalism that empowers you to stay informed and engaged in shaping our world. By becoming a Vox Member, you directly strengthen our ability to deliver in-depth, independent reporting that drives meaningful change.</p><p class="_1tzd3in4">We rely on readers like you — join us.</p></div><div class="_1tzd3in5"><img alt="Swati Sharma" loading="lazy" width="59" height="69" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Fheadshots%2Fswati.png&w=64&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Fheadshots%2Fswati.png&w=128&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Fheadshots%2Fswati.png&w=128&q=75"/><div class="_1tzd3in7"><p class="_1tzd3in8">Swati Sharma</p><p class="_1tzd3in9">Vox Editor-in-Chief</p></div></div></div><form><div class="n0ju2m0"><div class="x0yt3j2"><div class="x0yt3j9"><div class="x0yt3jc"><div class="x0yt3jd"><svg class="_1agbrixm x0yt3je" width="42" height="14" viewBox="0 0 42 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.5 1C13.1693 1 12.8418 1.01283 12.5177 1.038L12.4403 0.0410045C12.7901 0.0138326 13.1435 0 13.5 0H14.5V1H13.5ZM18.5 1H16.5V0H18.5V1ZM22.5 1H20.5V0H22.5V1ZM26.5 1H24.5V0H26.5V1ZM30.5 1H28.5V0H30.5V1ZM34.5 1H32.5V0H34.5V1ZM38.5 1H36.5V0H38.5V1ZM41.5 1H40.5V0H41.5V1ZM10.5802 1.34272C9.93789 1.49641 9.31483 1.69969 8.71528 1.94831L8.33223 1.02458C8.98009 0.755929 9.65341 0.536247 10.3476 0.370171L10.5802 1.34272ZM6.96837 2.84008C6.40901 3.18358 5.87868 3.56991 5.38198 3.99453L4.73218 3.23443C5.26838 2.77604 5.84098 2.3589 6.44508 1.98793L6.96837 2.84008ZM3.99453 5.38198C3.56991 5.87868 3.18358 6.40901 2.84008 6.96837L1.98793 6.44508C2.3589 5.84098 2.77604 5.26838 3.23443 4.73218L3.99453 5.38198ZM1.94831 8.71528C1.69969 9.31483 1.49641 9.93789 1.34272 10.5802L0.37017 10.3476C0.536247 9.65341 0.755929 8.98009 1.02458 8.33223L1.94831 8.71528ZM1.038 12.5178C1.01283 12.8418 1 13.1693 1 13.5H0C0 13.1435 0.0138325 12.7901 0.0410044 12.4403L1.038 12.5178Z" fill="black"></path></svg><svg class="_1agbrixl x0yt3je" width="42" height="14" viewBox="0 0 10 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.5 1C13.1693 1 12.8418 1.01283 12.5177 1.038L12.4403 0.0410045C12.7901 0.0138326 13.1435 0 13.5 0H14.5V1H13.5ZM18.5 1H16.5V0H18.5V1ZM22.5 1H20.5V0H22.5V1ZM26.5 1H24.5V0H26.5V1ZM30.5 1H28.5V0H30.5V1ZM34.5 1H32.5V0H34.5V1ZM38.5 1H36.5V0H38.5V1ZM41.5 1H40.5V0H41.5V1ZM10.5802 1.34272C9.93789 1.49641 9.31483 1.69969 8.71528 1.94831L8.33223 1.02458C8.98009 0.755929 9.65341 0.536247 10.3476 0.370171L10.5802 1.34272ZM6.96837 2.84008C6.40901 3.18358 5.87868 3.56991 5.38198 3.99453L4.73218 3.23443C5.26838 2.77604 5.84098 2.3589 6.44508 1.98793L6.96837 2.84008ZM3.99453 5.38198C3.56991 5.87868 3.18358 6.40901 2.84008 6.96837L1.98793 6.44508C2.3589 5.84098 2.77604 5.26838 3.23443 4.73218L3.99453 5.38198ZM1.94831 8.71528C1.69969 9.31483 1.49641 9.93789 1.34272 10.5802L0.37017 10.3476C0.536247 9.65341 0.755929 8.98009 1.02458 8.33223L1.94831 8.71528ZM1.038 12.5178C1.01283 12.8418 1 13.1693 1 13.5H0C0 13.1435 0.0138325 12.7901 0.0410044 12.4403L1.038 12.5178Z" fill="black"></path></svg><div class="x0yt3jk">Membership</div><svg class="_1agbrixm x0yt3jf" width="42" height="14" viewBox="0 0 42 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.5 1C13.1693 1 12.8418 1.01283 12.5177 1.038L12.4403 0.0410045C12.7901 0.0138326 13.1435 0 13.5 0H14.5V1H13.5ZM18.5 1H16.5V0H18.5V1ZM22.5 1H20.5V0H22.5V1ZM26.5 1H24.5V0H26.5V1ZM30.5 1H28.5V0H30.5V1ZM34.5 1H32.5V0H34.5V1ZM38.5 1H36.5V0H38.5V1ZM41.5 1H40.5V0H41.5V1ZM10.5802 1.34272C9.93789 1.49641 9.31483 1.69969 8.71528 1.94831L8.33223 1.02458C8.98009 0.755929 9.65341 0.536247 10.3476 0.370171L10.5802 1.34272ZM6.96837 2.84008C6.40901 3.18358 5.87868 3.56991 5.38198 3.99453L4.73218 3.23443C5.26838 2.77604 5.84098 2.3589 6.44508 1.98793L6.96837 2.84008ZM3.99453 5.38198C3.56991 5.87868 3.18358 6.40901 2.84008 6.96837L1.98793 6.44508C2.3589 5.84098 2.77604 5.26838 3.23443 4.73218L3.99453 5.38198ZM1.94831 8.71528C1.69969 9.31483 1.49641 9.93789 1.34272 10.5802L0.37017 10.3476C0.536247 9.65341 0.755929 8.98009 1.02458 8.33223L1.94831 8.71528ZM1.038 12.5178C1.01283 12.8418 1 13.1693 1 13.5H0C0 13.1435 0.0138325 12.7901 0.0410044 12.4403L1.038 12.5178Z" fill="black"></path></svg><svg class="_1agbrixl x0yt3jf" width="42" height="14" viewBox="0 0 10 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.5 1C13.1693 1 12.8418 1.01283 12.5177 1.038L12.4403 0.0410045C12.7901 0.0138326 13.1435 0 13.5 0H14.5V1H13.5ZM18.5 1H16.5V0H18.5V1ZM22.5 1H20.5V0H22.5V1ZM26.5 1H24.5V0H26.5V1ZM30.5 1H28.5V0H30.5V1ZM34.5 1H32.5V0H34.5V1ZM38.5 1H36.5V0H38.5V1ZM41.5 1H40.5V0H41.5V1ZM10.5802 1.34272C9.93789 1.49641 9.31483 1.69969 8.71528 1.94831L8.33223 1.02458C8.98009 0.755929 9.65341 0.536247 10.3476 0.370171L10.5802 1.34272ZM6.96837 2.84008C6.40901 3.18358 5.87868 3.56991 5.38198 3.99453L4.73218 3.23443C5.26838 2.77604 5.84098 2.3589 6.44508 1.98793L6.96837 2.84008ZM3.99453 5.38198C3.56991 5.87868 3.18358 6.40901 2.84008 6.96837L1.98793 6.44508C2.3589 5.84098 2.77604 5.26838 3.23443 4.73218L3.99453 5.38198ZM1.94831 8.71528C1.69969 9.31483 1.49641 9.93789 1.34272 10.5802L0.37017 10.3476C0.536247 9.65341 0.755929 8.98009 1.02458 8.33223L1.94831 8.71528ZM1.038 12.5178C1.01283 12.8418 1 13.1693 1 13.5H0C0 13.1435 0.0138325 12.7901 0.0410044 12.4403L1.038 12.5178Z" fill="black"></path></svg></div></div><div class="x0yt3ja"><button class="duet--cta--button bl2rg42 bl2rg40 x0yt3j6 x0yt3j3 x0yt3j4 x0yt3j5 bl2rg46" type="button"><span>Monthly</span></button><button class="duet--cta--button bl2rg42 bl2rg40 x0yt3j3 x0yt3j4 bl2rg46" type="button"><span>Annual</span></button></div></div><div class="x0yt3jb"><button class="duet--cta--button bl2rg42 bl2rg40 x0yt3j8 x0yt3j3 bl2rg46" type="button"><span>One-time</span></button></div></div><div class="x0yt3jl"><div class="x0yt3j0"><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$5/month" id="vox-member-monthly-5"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-member-monthly-5">$5/month</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$10/month" id="vox-member-monthly-10" checked=""/><label class="rq6lt11 rq6lt13" for="vox-member-monthly-10">$10/month</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$25/month" id="vox-member-monthly-25"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-member-monthly-25">$25/month</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$50/month" id="vox-member-monthly-50"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-member-monthly-50">$50/month</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="Other" id="Other-month"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="Other-month">Other</label></div></div></div><div class="_1agbrixs"><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$50/year" id="vox-member-yearly-50"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-member-yearly-50">$50/year</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$100/year" id="vox-member-yearly-100"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-member-yearly-100">$100/year</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$150/year" id="vox-member-yearly-150"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-member-yearly-150">$150/year</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$200/year" id="vox-member-yearly-200"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-member-yearly-200">$200/year</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="Other" id="Other-year"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="Other-year">Other</label></div></div></div><div class="_1agbrixs"><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$25" id="vox-one-time-contrib-25"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-one-time-contrib-25">$25</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$50" id="vox-one-time-contrib-50"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-one-time-contrib-50">$50</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$100" id="vox-one-time-contrib-100"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-one-time-contrib-100">$100</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="$250" id="vox-one-time-contrib-250"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="vox-one-time-contrib-250">$250</label></div></div><div class="x0yt3j1"><div class="rq6lt10"><input class="_142ra0g0" type="radio" label="Other" id="Other-undefined"/><label class="rq6lt11" for="Other-undefined">Other</label></div></div></div></div><button class="duet--cta--button bl2rg41 bl2rg40 n0ju2m8 n0ju2m7 bl2rg46"><span>Join for $10/month</span></button><div class="n0ju2ma"><p>We accept credit card, Apple Pay, and Google Pay. <br/>You can also contribute via</p><a class="n0ju2mb" href="https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=VSP4PYJX98SHL" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="80" height="25" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Flogos%2Fpaypal_logo.png&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Flogos%2Fpaypal_logo.png&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Flogos%2Fpaypal_logo.png&w=256&q=75"/></a></div></div></form></aside><div class="_1mls1bj0"><span class="_1mls1bj1">See More:<span class="_1mls1bj2"> </span></span><ul class="_1g6d7eue"><li class="_1g6d7euc fatpw50"><a href="/donald-trump" class="fatpw51 fatpw52">Donald Trump</a></li><li class="_1g6d7euc fatpw50"><a href="/policy" class="fatpw51 fatpw52">Policy</a></li><li class="_1g6d7euc fatpw50"><a href="/politics" class="fatpw51 fatpw52">Politics</a></li><li class="_1g6d7euc fatpw50"><a href="/trump-administration" class="fatpw51 fatpw52">Trump Administration</a></li><li class="_1g6d7euc fatpw50"><a href="/world-politics" class="fatpw51 fatpw52">World Politics</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="duet--layout--rail x2c1mg0 x2c1mg1"><div class="x2c1mg2 x2c1mg4 x2c1mg7"><div class="_1ugw7dw1c _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw22"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1d" data-concert="medium_rectangle_variable"></div></div></div><div class="x2c1mg2 x2c1mg5 x2c1mg7"><div class="duet--layout--header-pattern _1agbrixf"><div class="_1iaikll3"><div class="_1yizdi80"><div class="_1yizdi8h _1yizdi8f"><h2 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1yizdi8m _1yizdi8l xkp0cg1 xkp0cg0">Most Popular</h2></div><div class="sticky-nav-trigger"></div></div></div><div class="_1iaikll4"><ol class="clkeg30"><li class="clkeg33 clkeg32 _1agbrixx"><a href="/technology/387375/google-chrome-antitrust-privacy-android"><div class="clkeg35">You deserve a better browser than Google Chrome</div></a></li><li class="clkeg33 clkeg32 _1agbrixx"><a href="/politics/387155/kamala-harris-2024-election-democratic-turnout-swing-voters"><div class="clkeg35">The myth that could cost Democrats the next election</div><div class="clkeg36"><span><span class="xkp0cg5 xkp0cg4 _1onxz3m1 _1onxz3m0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11" height="10" fill="none" class="_1onxz3m4" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#000" d="m5.5 0 1.123 3.455h3.632L7.316 5.59 8.44 9.045 5.5 6.91 2.561 9.045 3.684 5.59.744 3.455h3.633L5.5 0Z"></path></svg>Member Exclusive</span></span></div></a></li><li class="clkeg33 clkeg32 _1agbrixx"><a href="/politics/387525/trump-canada-immigration-border"><div class="clkeg35">The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump</div></a></li><li class="clkeg33 clkeg32 _1agbrixx"><a href="/21523212/crossword-puzzles-free-daily-printable"><div class="clkeg35">Take a mental break with the newest Vox crossword</div></a></li><li class="clkeg33 clkeg32 _1agbrixx"><a href="/future-perfect/386374/grocery-store-meat-purchasing"><div class="clkeg35">Americans are eating less meat. And more meat. How?</div></a></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="x2c1mg2 x2c1mg7"><div><div class="_1ugw7dw1s _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw22"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1t" data-concert="medium_rectangle_gamestop"></div></div><div class="_1ugw7dw1k _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw22"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1l" data-concert="connatix_right_rail"></div></div></div></div><div class="x2c1mg2 x2c1mg6 x2c1mg7"><div><form class="mr4kua0 _1agbrixx _1agbrixi mr4kua4"><div class="duet--cta--newsletter mr4kua7"><div class="mr4kuaa"><h2 class="mr4kuad">Today, Explained</h2><p class="mr4kuae"><span class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup">Understand the world with a daily explainer plus the most compelling stories of the day.</span></p></div><div class="mr4kual mr4kuam"><fieldset><div class="mr4kuao"><div class="duet--cta--form-field-text bwzmda0 mr4kuar"><label for="email" class="_1vr06930 _142ra0g0">Email (required)</label><div class="bwzmda1"><input id="email" class="_1vr06931" aria-invalid="false" name="email" type="email" required="" placeholder="Enter your email"/></div></div><button class="duet--cta--button bl2rg41 bl2rg40 mr4kuav" type="submit"><span>Sign Up</span></button></div></fieldset><div class="mr4kuaz"><div class="mr4kuaf">By submitting your email, you agree to our <a href="https://www.voxmedia.com/legal/terms-of-use" class="mr4kuay">Terms</a> and <a href="https://www.voxmedia.com/legal/privacy-notice" class="mr4kuay">Privacy Notice</a>. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" class="mr4kuay">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms" class="mr4kuay">Terms of Service</a> apply.</div></div></div></div></form></div></div><div class="duet--ad--native-ad-rail _1yq350v9 hidden x2c1mg7 x2c1mg2" data-native-ad-id="container"><div><div class="hidden"><div class="dynamic-native-ad-native_ad_latest"></div></div><a href="/" aria-label="Native Ad Placement"><div class="_1yq350v0"><div class="_1yq350va"><span data-native-ad-id="preamble" class="_1yq350v6">Advertiser Content From</span><div class="_1yq350vf"><img data-native-ad-id="sponsored_logo" src="" alt="Sponsor Logo" class="_1yq350ve"/></div><h3 class="_1yq350vg" data-native-ad-id="title">This is the title for the native ad</h3></div><div class="_1yq350vb"><div class="_1yq350vc"><img data-native-ad-id="thumbnail" src="" alt="Sponsor thumbnail" class="_1yq350vd"/></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="x2c1mg2 x2c1mg7"><div class="_1ugw7dw1g _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw22"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1h" data-concert="btf_medium_rectangle_variable"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><div class=""><div class="duet--layout--article-recirc _1ot72dd1 _1agbrix3"><div class="_1ot72dd3"><div class="duet--layout--header-pattern"><div class="_1iaikll3"><div class="_1yizdi80"><div class="_1yizdi8j _1yizdi8f"><h2 class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1yizdi8o _1yizdi8l xkp0cg1 xkp0cg0">More in <a href=/politics>Politics</a></h2></div><div class="sticky-nav-trigger"></div></div></div><div class="_1iaikll4"><div><div class="a0d76n0"><div class=""><div class="ap1uvv0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"></div><div class="ap1uvv2"><img alt="Why Elon Musk can never balance the budget, in one chart" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="221px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="ap1uvv1"><div class=""><div class=""><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee9 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/policy/387382/musk-trump-balance-budget-doge">Why Elon Musk can never balance the budget, in one chart</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="ap1uvv0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"></div><div class="ap1uvv2"><img alt="The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="221px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="ap1uvv1"><div class=""><div class=""><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee9 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/politics/387525/trump-canada-immigration-border">The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="ap1uvv0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"></div><div class="ap1uvv2"><img alt="Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn’t" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="221px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="ap1uvv1"><div class=""><div class=""><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee9 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/policy/366838/biden-subscription-membership-junk-fees">Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn’t</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="ap1uvv0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"></div><div class="ap1uvv2"><img alt="The not-so-subtle message of Trump's disturbing Cabinet picks" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="221px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=2400"/></div><div class="ap1uvv1"><div class=""><div class=""><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee9 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/culture/387404/trump-cabinet-nominations-matt-gaetz-pete-hegseth-rfk-elon-musk-linda-mcmahon">The not-so-subtle message of Trump's disturbing Cabinet picks</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="ap1uvv0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"></div><div class="ap1uvv2"><img alt="International arrest warrants are out for Netanyahu and Gallant. What happens next?" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="221px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="ap1uvv1"><div class=""><div class=""><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee9 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/israel/387191/icc-arrest-warrants-netanyahu">International arrest warrants are out for Netanyahu and Gallant. What happens next?</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="ap1uvv0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"></div><div class="ap1uvv2"><img alt="The myth that could cost Democrats the next election" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="221px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="ap1uvv1"><div class=""><div class=""><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee9 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/politics/387155/kamala-harris-2024-election-democratic-turnout-swing-voters">The myth that could cost Democrats the next election</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="a0d76n2"><div class="duet--content-cards--content-card _1agz5xb3 _1agz5xb0 qcd9z0 _1agz5xbj"><div class="_1agz5xb9 _1agz5xb6 _1agz5xbc _1agz5xbh"><img alt="Why Elon Musk can never balance the budget, in one chart" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbf mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2400"/><img alt="Why Elon Musk can never balance the budget, in one chart" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbg mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="195px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="_1agz5xbi"><div class=""><div class=""><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"><span class="_1g6d7eu0 xkp0cg6 xkp0cg4">Policy</span><span class="duet--article--timestamp _1rf9w8o2 _1rf9w8o0 xkp0cg4 _1agbrixq"><time dateTime="2024-11-24T12:00:00+00:00">Two hours ago</time></span></div><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee5 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/policy/387382/musk-trump-balance-budget-doge">Why Elon Musk can never balance the budget, in one chart</a></div></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1neefeej _1neefeee _1neefeef">Elon Musk wants to slash trillions in “waste.” Good luck, buddy!</p><div class="_1k0riid _1k0rii0"><span class="u2goo40">By </span><span class="u2goo41 xkp0cg4"><span><span>Dylan Matthews</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--content-cards--content-card _1agz5xb3 _1agz5xb0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1agz5xb9 _1agz5xb6 _1agz5xbc _1agz5xbh"><img alt="The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbf mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.7072576717%2C0%2C66.5854846566%2C100&w=2400"/><img alt="The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbg mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="195px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.060886507549924%2C0%2C99.8782269849%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="_1agz5xbi"><div class=""><div class=""><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"><span class="xkp0cg6 xkp0cg4 _1k0riia">Trump 2.0, explained</span><span class="duet--article--timestamp _1rf9w8o2 _1rf9w8o0 xkp0cg4 _1agbrixq"><time dateTime="2024-11-23T11:00:00+00:00">Nov 23</time></span></div><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee5 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/politics/387525/trump-canada-immigration-border">The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump</a></div></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1neefeej _1neefeee _1neefeef">Trump’s immigration crackdown could extend to the US-Canada border.</p><div class="_1k0riid _1k0rii0"><span class="u2goo40">By </span><span class="u2goo41 xkp0cg4"><span><span>Nicole Narea</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--content-cards--content-card _1agz5xb3 _1agz5xb0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1agz5xb9 _1agz5xb6 _1agz5xbc _1agz5xbh"><img alt="Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn’t" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbf mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2400"/><img alt="Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn’t" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbg mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="195px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="_1agz5xbi"><div class=""><div class=""><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"><span class="_1g6d7eu0 xkp0cg6 xkp0cg4">Policy</span><span class="duet--article--timestamp _1rf9w8o2 _1rf9w8o0 xkp0cg4 _1agbrixq"><time dateTime="2024-11-22T21:38:54+00:00">Nov 22</time></span></div><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee5 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/policy/366838/biden-subscription-membership-junk-fees">Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn’t</a></div></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1neefeej _1neefeee _1neefeef">It’s the latest way Biden is trying to combat pesky “junk fees” driving up prices.</p><div class="_1k0riid _1k0rii0"><span class="u2goo40">By </span><span class="u2goo41 xkp0cg4"><span><span>Nicole Narea</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--content-cards--content-card _1agz5xb3 _1agz5xb0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1agz5xb9 _1agz5xb6 _1agz5xbc _1agz5xbh"><img alt="The not-so-subtle message of Trump's disturbing Cabinet picks" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbf mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.662941439428%2C0%2C66.674117121144%2C100&w=2400"/><img alt="The not-so-subtle message of Trump's disturbing Cabinet picks" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbg mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="195px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0.0055872164487667%2C100%2C99.988825567102&w=2400"/></div><div class="_1agz5xbi"><div class=""><div class=""><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"><span class="_1g6d7eu0 xkp0cg6 xkp0cg4">Culture</span><span class="duet--article--timestamp _1rf9w8o2 _1rf9w8o0 xkp0cg4 _1agbrixq"><time dateTime="2024-11-22T20:50:00+00:00">Nov 22</time></span></div><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee5 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/culture/387404/trump-cabinet-nominations-matt-gaetz-pete-hegseth-rfk-elon-musk-linda-mcmahon">The not-so-subtle message of Trump's disturbing Cabinet picks</a></div></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1neefeej _1neefeee _1neefeef">An alarming number of those poised to be in the president-elect’s inner circle are accused of sexual misconduct.</p><div class="_1k0riid _1k0rii0"><span class="u2goo40">By </span><span class="u2goo41 xkp0cg4"><span><span>Constance Grady</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--content-cards--content-card _1agz5xb3 _1agz5xb0 qcd9z0"><div class="_1agz5xb9 _1agz5xb6 _1agz5xbc _1agz5xbh"><img alt="International arrest warrants are out for Netanyahu and Gallant. What happens next?" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbf mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.675%2C0%2C66.65%2C100&w=2400"/><img alt="International arrest warrants are out for Netanyahu and Gallant. What happens next?" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbg mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="195px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.012500000000003%2C0%2C99.975%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="_1agz5xbi"><div class=""><div class=""><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"><span class="_1g6d7eu0 xkp0cg6 xkp0cg4">Israel</span><span class="duet--article--timestamp _1rf9w8o2 _1rf9w8o0 xkp0cg4 _1agbrixq"><time dateTime="2024-11-22T15:00:00+00:00">Nov 22</time></span></div><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee5 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/israel/387191/icc-arrest-warrants-netanyahu">International arrest warrants are out for Netanyahu and Gallant. What happens next?</a></div></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1neefeej _1neefeee _1neefeef">The International Criminal Court issued warrants over allegations of war crimes in Gaza.</p><div class="_1k0riid _1k0rii0"><span class="u2goo40">By </span><span class="u2goo41 xkp0cg4"><span><span>Ellen Ioanes</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--content-cards--content-card _1agz5xb3 _1agz5xb0 qcd9z0 _1agz5xbk"><div class="_1agz5xb9 _1agz5xb6 _1agz5xbc _1agz5xbh"><img alt="The myth that could cost Democrats the next election" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbf mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.671166306695%2C0%2C66.657667386609%2C100&w=2400"/><img alt="The myth that could cost Democrats the next election" data-chromatic="ignore" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="_1agz5xbg mvmjsc0" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mN8+R8AAtcB6oaHtZcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="195px" srcSet="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=2400 2400w" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0067494600431957%2C0%2C99.986501079914%2C100&w=2400"/></div><div class="_1agz5xbi"><div class=""><div class=""><div class="_1k0rii3 _1k0rii0"><span class="_1g6d7eu0 xkp0cg6 xkp0cg4">Politics</span><span class="duet--article--timestamp _1rf9w8o2 _1rf9w8o0 xkp0cg4 _1agbrixq"><time dateTime="2024-11-22T12:30:00+00:00">Nov 22</time></span><span class="_1k0rii2"><span class="xkp0cg5 xkp0cg4 _1onxz3m1 _1onxz3m0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11" height="10" fill="none" class="_1onxz3m4" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#000" d="m5.5 0 1.123 3.455h3.632L7.316 5.59 8.44 9.045 5.5 6.91 2.561 9.045 3.684 5.59.744 3.455h3.633L5.5 0Z"></path></svg>Member Exclusive</span></span></div><div><div class="xkp0cg8 _1neefee5 _1neefee2"><a class="qcd9z1" href="/politics/387155/kamala-harris-2024-election-democratic-turnout-swing-voters">The myth that could cost Democrats the next election</a></div></div><p class="duet--article--dangerously-set-cms-markup _1neefeej _1neefeee _1neefeef">Progressives staying home (almost certainly) didn’t cost Kamala Harris the election.</p><div class="_1k0riid _1k0rii0"><span class="u2goo40">By </span><span class="u2goo41 xkp0cg4"><span><span>Eric Levitz</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="duet--ad--native-ad-linkset _1yq350v2 _1yq350v3 _1yq350v8 hidden" data-native-ad-id="container"><div><div class="hidden"><div class="dynamic-native-ad-native_ad_linkset_link"></div></div><a href="/" aria-label="Advertisement"><div class=""><div class="_1yq350v5"><span data-native-ad-id="preamble" class="_1yq350v6 _1yq350v7">Advertiser Content From</span><div><img data-native-ad-id="logo" src="" alt="Sponsor Logo" class="_1yq350ve"/></div></div><h3 class="_1yq350vg" data-native-ad-id="title">This is the title for the native ad</h3></div></a></div></div><div class="_1ugw7dw1m _1ugw7dw6 _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1z"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1n" data-concert="outbrain_post_mobile"></div></div></div><div class="_1ot72dd4"><hr class="duet--article--divider _1agbrixi w7vpv0"/></div><div class="_1ot72dd5"></div></div></div><div class="_1ugw7dw1o _1ugw7dw6 _1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw23"><div class="_1ugw7dw0 _1ugw7dw1p" data-concert="outbrain_post_tablet_and_desktop"></div></div></main></div><footer class="duet--navigation--footer"><div class="_149cuuw0"><div class="_149cuuw1"><div class="_149cuuw3 _149cuuw2"><a href="/"><svg width="120" height="58" viewBox="0 0 120 58" fill="black" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="_149cuuw4"><title>Vox</title><desc>Vox logo</desc><path fill="#fff200" d="M155-6.7h123.8v115H155z"></path><path d="M55.1 77.5h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1l-13.9 30.7L23.7 82c-.3-3.1 1.3-4.5 4.8-4.5h2l.2-.8H.5l-.3.8h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3l5.4 51.6h12.7L45 88.3c3.3-6.7 6.7-10.8 10.1-10.8zm-2.5 56.1c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2-3.2 13.7-4.4 16.5-8.1 16.5zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2-3.4 2.9-7.1 4.7-10.1 4.7-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3 1.3 6.2 4.4 12.3 9.7 12.3 6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2z" fill="#fff"></path><path d="M55.1.9h1.7l.2-.8H35.6l-.2.8h3.1c2.7 0 4.9 1.9 4.9 5.6 0 2.1-.9 4.8-2.4 8.1L27.1 45.3 23.7 5.4C23.4 2.3 25 .9 28.5.9h2l.2-.8H.5L.2.9h1.9c2.4 0 3.3 1.5 3.5 4.3L11 56.8h12.7L45 11.7C48.3 5 51.7.9 55.1.9zM52.6 57c-1.9 0-3.1-.6-3.1-3.8 0-4 1.5-11.9 3.1-19.1.2 3.3 2.5 6.6 5.9 6.6.8 0 1.5-.1 2.2-.2C57.5 54.2 56.3 57 52.6 57zm60.6-27.1c4 0 6.6-3.3 6.6-7.1 0-3.2-2.3-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.9 0-8.7 4.7-13.6 13.3-1-5.4-3.5-12.4-9.7-12.4-7 0-15.1 10-22.5 16.2C65 37.2 61.3 39 58.3 39c-3.1 0-4.9-3.1-4.9-8.6 2.2-9 3.3-11.3 6.7-11.3 2.3 0 3.3 1.3 3.3 4 0 2.9-.6 7.7-1.9 13.8 3.3-1 8.3-5.2 12.5-9.7-2.2-5.3-7-8.9-13.8-8.9-12.7 0-23.9 11.4-23.9 24.2 0 8.8 6.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 16.2 0 23-14 23-23.8 0-1.4-.1-2.4-.2-3.7 2.5-2.7 5.7-5.3 8.3-5.3 3 0 5.4 7.5 7.7 18.8-2.1 2.3-4.2 6.7-5.2 7.5-.4-4-3.1-6.5-6.6-6.5-4 0-6.7 3.8-6.7 7 0 3.6 2.5 6 5.8 6 6.9 0 8.8-6.5 13.1-12.3C92.9 51.9 96 58 101.3 58c6.3 0 12.1-5.4 15.1-9.2l-.6-.9c-1.9 1.9-3.8 3.1-6 3.1-3.9 0-6.7-8.4-8.8-18.6 1.3-1.7 3.3-6.1 4.7-7.7.9 1.8 2.9 5.2 7.5 5.2zm133.7-13.4h2.1l.2-1h-26l-.2 1h3.8c3.3 0 6 2.3 6 6.8 0 2.6-1.1 5.8-2.9 9.8L213 70.4 208.7 22c-.4-3.8 1.6-5.5 5.8-5.5h2.4l.2-1h-36.7l-.4 1h2.3c2.9 0 4 1.8 4.3 5.2l6.6 62.7h15.4l25.9-54.8c4.2-8.1 8.3-13.1 12.4-13.1z"></path></svg></a><div class="_149cuuw5 _149cuuw2"><ul class="_1y2f8pg0"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/vox" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Facebook</title><path d="M27.0174 21.7497L27.8495 16.3604H22.6403V12.8637C22.6403 11.3906 23.3668 9.95151 25.7019 9.95151H28.0714V5.36435C28.0714 5.36435 25.9212 5 23.866 5C19.5761 5 16.7707 7.57929 16.7707 12.2529V16.3604H12V21.7497H16.7707V34.7746C17.727 34.924 18.707 35 19.7055 35C20.704 35 21.6841 34.9214 22.6403 34.7746V21.7497H27.0174Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/voxdotcom" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Instagram</title><path d="M14.1274 6C9.65144 6 6 9.65144 6 14.1274V25.8726C6 30.3486 9.65144 34 14.1274 34H25.8726C30.3486 34 34 30.3486 34 25.8726V14.1274C34 9.65144 30.3486 6 25.8726 6H14.1274ZM14.1274 8.15385H25.8726C29.1833 8.15385 31.8462 10.8125 31.8462 14.1274V25.8726C31.8462 29.1833 29.1875 31.8462 25.8726 31.8462H14.1274C10.8167 31.8462 8.15385 29.1875 8.15385 25.8726V14.1274C8.15385 10.8167 10.8125 8.15385 14.1274 8.15385ZM28.0769 10.3077C27.1851 10.3077 26.4615 11.0313 26.4615 11.9231C26.4615 12.8149 27.1851 13.5385 28.0769 13.5385C28.9688 13.5385 29.6923 12.8149 29.6923 11.9231C29.6923 11.0313 28.9688 10.3077 28.0769 10.3077ZM20 12.4615C15.848 12.4615 12.4615 15.848 12.4615 20C12.4615 24.152 15.848 27.5385 20 27.5385C24.152 27.5385 27.5385 24.152 27.5385 20C27.5385 15.848 24.152 12.4615 20 12.4615ZM20 14.6154C22.9868 14.6154 25.3846 17.0132 25.3846 20C25.3846 22.9868 22.9868 25.3846 20 25.3846C17.0132 25.3846 14.6154 22.9868 14.6154 20C14.6154 17.0132 17.0132 14.6154 20 14.6154Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/voxdotcom" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Youtube</title><path d="M33.4148 12.0057C33.0928 10.8232 32.1436 9.891 30.9396 9.57475C28.7556 9 20 9 20 9C20 9 11.2444 9 9.0604 9.57475C7.8564 9.891 6.9072 10.8232 6.5852 12.0057C6 14.1507 6 20 6 20C6 20 6 25.8492 6.5852 27.9942C6.9072 29.1767 7.8564 30.109 9.0604 30.4253C11.2444 31 20 31 20 31C20 31 28.7556 31 30.9396 30.4253C32.145 30.109 33.0928 29.1767 33.4148 27.9942C34 25.8492 34 20 34 20C34 20 34 14.1507 33.4148 12.0057ZM17.2 24.763V15.237L25.6 20L17.2 24.763Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.vox.com/rss/index.xml" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" height="30" width="30" viewBox="-2 -1 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>RSS</title><path fill="" d="M3.772 10.864c0 .454-.159.84-.477 1.159a1.578 1.578 0 0 1-1.159.477c-.454 0-.84-.16-1.159-.477a1.578 1.578 0 0 1-.477-1.16c0-.454.16-.84.477-1.158a1.578 1.578 0 0 1 1.16-.478c.454 0 .84.16 1.158.478.318.318.477.704.477 1.159Zm4.363 1.048a.516.516 0 0 1-.144.409.502.502 0 0 1-.401.179H6.44a.524.524 0 0 1-.367-.14.519.519 0 0 1-.17-.354A5.3 5.3 0 0 0 4.33 8.669 5.3 5.3 0 0 0 .994 7.097a.519.519 0 0 1-.353-.17A.524.524 0 0 1 .5 6.56V5.41c0-.166.06-.3.179-.401a.497.497 0 0 1 .366-.145h.043a7.64 7.64 0 0 1 2.608.686c.83.383 1.565.899 2.207 1.547a7.536 7.536 0 0 1 1.546 2.207c.384.83.613 1.699.686 2.608Zm4.364.017a.493.493 0 0 1-.154.4.504.504 0 0 1-.392.171h-1.218a.532.532 0 0 1-.38-.15.51.51 0 0 1-.166-.361 9.53 9.53 0 0 0-.86-3.482 9.796 9.796 0 0 0-1.973-2.864A9.795 9.795 0 0 0 4.492 3.67a9.65 9.65 0 0 0-3.48-.869.51.51 0 0 1-.363-.166.522.522 0 0 1-.149-.37v-1.22C.5.886.557.755.67.653A.51.51 0 0 1 1.045.5h.026c1.488.074 2.913.415 4.274 1.023 1.36.608 2.569 1.443 3.625 2.505a11.948 11.948 0 0 1 2.506 3.627 11.83 11.83 0 0 1 1.022 4.274Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@vox" class="_1y2f8pg1" rel="nofollow"><svg class="_1y2f8pg2" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>TikTok</title><path d="M34 17.1227C31.2476 17.1293 28.5627 16.2709 26.3247 14.669V25.8418C26.3239 27.9111 25.6914 29.9309 24.5117 31.6311C23.332 33.3312 21.6613 34.6307 19.7231 35.3558C17.7849 36.0808 15.6715 36.1969 13.6655 35.6885C11.6595 35.1801 9.85661 34.0714 8.49777 32.5107C7.13894 30.95 6.28899 29.0116 6.06156 26.9548C5.83414 24.898 6.24009 22.8208 7.22513 21.001C8.21016 19.1811 9.72734 17.7053 11.5738 16.771C13.4202 15.8366 15.5079 15.4882 17.5577 15.7724V21.3919C16.6197 21.0969 15.6125 21.1058 14.6799 21.4173C13.7472 21.7288 12.9369 22.3271 12.3645 23.1266C11.7922 23.9262 11.4871 24.8861 11.4929 25.8694C11.4987 26.8526 11.8151 27.8089 12.3968 28.6016C12.9785 29.3944 13.7958 29.983 14.7321 30.2836C15.6683 30.5841 16.6756 30.5811 17.6101 30.2751C18.5445 29.969 19.3584 29.3755 19.9354 28.5793C20.5124 27.7832 20.8231 26.825 20.8231 25.8418V4H26.3247C26.3208 4.46458 26.3598 4.92853 26.4409 5.38598C26.6321 6.40716 27.0296 7.37861 27.6091 8.24091C28.1886 9.10321 28.938 9.83822 29.8113 10.401C31.0538 11.2225 32.5105 11.6604 34 11.6601V17.1227Z" fill=""></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="_1ujku670"><ul class="_1ujku671 _1ujku674"><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="/about-us">About us</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="/masthead">Our staff</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="/2018/12/7/18113237/ethics-and-guidelines-at-vox-com">Ethics & Guidelines</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="/pages/funding">How we make money</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="/contact">Contact us</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="/pages/how-to-pitch-vox-pitching-guidelines">How to pitch Vox</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="/newsletters">Newsletters</a></li></ul><ul class="_1ujku671"><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.voxmedia.com/legal/privacy-notice">Privacy Notice</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.voxmedia.com/legal/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.voxmedia.com/legal/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="m0kjex0 ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.voxmedia.com/pages/licensing">Licensing</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.voxmedia.com/legal/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="https://status.voxmedia.com">Platform Status</a></li><li class="_1ujku672"><a class="_1ujku673" rel="nofollow" href="https://jobs.voxmedia.com/">Careers</a></li></ul></div><p class="_149cuuw6">© 2024 <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.voxmedia.com">Vox Media</a>, LLC. All Rights Reserved</p></div></div></footer></div></div><div id="mixer-modal-root"></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"_sentryTraceData":"b9d0a445ca87403ca43f416dc9497bc9-8157a56c950a15e8-0","_sentryBaggage":"sentry-trace_id=b9d0a445ca87403ca43f416dc9497bc9,sentry-environment=production,sentry-public_key=93fd0255a7594c3199c4c1a61ed6d83d","hydration":{"responses":[{"operationName":"ArticleCategoryRecircContainerQuery","variables":{"categoryNodeId":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ==","excludeLatest":0},"data":{"node":{"__typename":"CategoryResourceType","title":"Politics","path":"/politics","recirc":{"nodes":[{"__typename":"PostResourceType","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6Mzg3Mzgy","wpId":387382,"chorusId":null,"chorusUuid":null,"resourceType":"post","dek":{"html":"Elon Musk wants to slash trillions in “waste.” Good luck, buddy!"},"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/policy/387382/musk-trump-balance-budget-doge","title":"Why Elon Musk can never balance the budget, in one chart","publishedAt":"2024-11-24T12:00:00+00:00","primaryCategory":{"title":"Policy","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwNQ=="},"categories":[{"title":"Donald Trump","slug":"donald-trump","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNA=="},{"title":"Elon Musk","slug":"elon-musk","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjI3NjM="},{"title":"Influence","slug":"influence","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjI2MDM="},{"title":"Policy","slug":"policy","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwNQ=="},{"title":"Politics","slug":"politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="},{"title":"Technology","slug":"technology","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgzMg=="},{"title":"Trump Administration","slug":"trump-administration","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjExODc="}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6MzI2Nw==","name":"Dylan Matthews","path":"/authors/dylan-matthews","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/dylan-matthews","shortBio":[{"html":"is a senior correspondent and head writer for Vox\u0026#8217;s Future Perfect section and has worked at Vox since 2014. He is particularly interested in global health and pandemic prevention, anti-poverty efforts, economic policy and theory, and conflicts about the right way to do philanthropy."}]}],"template":null,"liveBadge":false,"package":null,"promo":{"headline":"Why Elon Musk can never balance the budget, in one chart","description":{"html":"Elon Musk wants to slash trillions in “waste.” Good luck, buddy!"},"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0,100,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.666666666667,0,66.666666666667,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzM4NA=="}},"primaryCampaign":null,"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0,100,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2185933741.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.666666666667,0,66.666666666667,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzM4NA=="}},"comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"streams":{"nodes":[]}},{"__typename":"PostResourceType","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6Mzg3NTI1","wpId":387525,"chorusId":null,"chorusUuid":null,"resourceType":"post","dek":{"html":"Trump’s immigration crackdown could extend to the US-Canada border."},"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/politics/387525/trump-canada-immigration-border","title":"The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump","publishedAt":"2024-11-23T11:00:00+00:00","primaryCategory":{"title":"Politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="},"categories":[{"title":"Donald Trump","slug":"donald-trump","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNA=="},{"title":"Immigration","slug":"immigration","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkwNw=="},{"title":"Policy","slug":"policy","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwNQ=="},{"title":"Politics","slug":"politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="},{"title":"Trump Administration","slug":"trump-administration","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjExODc="},{"title":"World Politics","slug":"world-politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNg=="}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6Mjg5OA==","name":"Nicole Narea","path":"/authors/nicole-narea","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/nicole-narea","shortBio":[{"html":"covers politics and society for Vox. She first joined Vox in 2019, and her work has also appeared in Politico, Washington Monthly, and the New Republic."}]}],"template":null,"liveBadge":false,"package":{"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/donald-trump/384476/trump-second-term-agenda-policies-live-updates","title":"Trump 2.0, explained","promo":{"headline":"Trump 2.0, explained"},"id":"dngyOnBhY2thZ2U6Mzg0NDc2"},"promo":{"headline":"The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump","description":{"html":"Trump’s immigration crackdown could extend to the US-Canada border."},"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0.060886507549924,0,99.8782269849,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.7072576717,0,66.5854846566,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzUzMQ=="}},"primaryCampaign":null,"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0.060886507549924,0,99.8782269849,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.7072576717,0,66.5854846566,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzUzMQ=="}},"comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"streams":{"nodes":[]}},{"__typename":"PostResourceType","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6MzY2ODM4","wpId":366838,"chorusId":null,"chorusUuid":null,"resourceType":"post","dek":{"html":"It’s the latest way Biden is trying to combat pesky “junk fees” driving up prices."},"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/policy/366838/biden-subscription-membership-junk-fees","title":"Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn’t","publishedAt":"2024-11-22T21:38:54+00:00","primaryCategory":{"title":"Policy","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwNQ=="},"categories":[{"title":"Business \u0026 Finance","slug":"business-and-finance","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5Ojk4Mw=="},{"title":"Joe Biden","slug":"joe-biden","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5Ojk3Nw=="},{"title":"Money","slug":"money","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5Ojg0Nw=="},{"title":"Personal Finance","slug":"personal-finance","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjEyNTQ="},{"title":"Policy","slug":"policy","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwNQ=="},{"title":"Politics","slug":"politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6Mjg5OA==","name":"Nicole Narea","path":"/authors/nicole-narea","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/nicole-narea","shortBio":[{"html":"covers politics and society for Vox. She first joined Vox in 2019, and her work has also appeared in Politico, Washington Monthly, and the New Republic."}]}],"template":null,"liveBadge":false,"package":null,"promo":{"headline":"Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn’t","description":{"html":"It’s the latest way Biden is trying to combat pesky “junk fees” driving up prices."},"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0,100,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.666666666667,0,66.666666666667,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM2Njg4NA=="}},"primaryCampaign":null,"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0,100,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1258715466_300203.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.666666666667,0,66.666666666667,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM2Njg4NA=="}},"comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"streams":{"nodes":[]}},{"__typename":"PostResourceType","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6Mzg3NDA0","wpId":387404,"chorusId":null,"chorusUuid":null,"resourceType":"post","dek":{"html":"An alarming number of those poised to be in the president-elect’s inner circle are accused of sexual misconduct."},"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/culture/387404/trump-cabinet-nominations-matt-gaetz-pete-hegseth-rfk-elon-musk-linda-mcmahon","title":"The not-so-subtle message of Trump's disturbing Cabinet picks","publishedAt":"2024-11-22T20:50:00+00:00","primaryCategory":{"title":"Culture","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgxNQ=="},"categories":[{"title":"Culture","slug":"culture","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgxNQ=="},{"title":"Donald Trump","slug":"donald-trump","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNA=="},{"title":"Gender","slug":"gender","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjEwNTg="},{"title":"Life","slug":"life","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5Ojc4OQ=="},{"title":"Politics","slug":"politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6MzA2OQ==","name":"Constance Grady","path":"/authors/constance-grady","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/constance-grady","shortBio":[{"html":"is a senior correspondent on the Culture team for Vox, where since 2016 she has covered books, publishing, gender, celebrity analysis, and theater."}]}],"template":null,"liveBadge":false,"package":null,"promo":{"headline":"The not-so-subtle message of Trump's disturbing Cabinet picks","description":{"html":"An alarming number of those poised to be in the president-elect’s inner circle are accused of sexual misconduct."},"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0.0055872164487667,100,99.988825567102"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.662941439428,0,66.674117121144,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzQxMw=="}},"primaryCampaign":null,"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0.0055872164487667,100,99.988825567102"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-2185934538.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.662941439428,0,66.674117121144,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzQxMw=="}},"comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"streams":{"nodes":[]}},{"__typename":"PostResourceType","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6Mzg3MTkx","wpId":387191,"chorusId":null,"chorusUuid":null,"resourceType":"post","dek":{"html":"The International Criminal Court issued warrants over allegations of war crimes in Gaza."},"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/israel/387191/icc-arrest-warrants-netanyahu","title":"International arrest warrants are out for Netanyahu and Gallant. What happens next?","publishedAt":"2024-11-22T15:00:00+00:00","primaryCategory":{"title":"Israel","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkyNQ=="},"categories":[{"title":"Explainers","slug":"explainers","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjE0OTg="},{"title":"Israel","slug":"israel","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkyNQ=="},{"title":"Palestine","slug":"palestine","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkyOQ=="},{"title":"Politics","slug":"politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="},{"title":"Trump Administration","slug":"trump-administration","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjExODc="},{"title":"World Politics","slug":"world-politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNg=="}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6MzEzNQ==","name":"Ellen Ioanes","path":"/authors/ellen-ioanes","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/ellen-ioanes","shortBio":[{"html":"covers breaking and general assignment news as the weekend reporter at Vox. She previously worked at Business Insider covering the military and global conflicts."}]}],"template":null,"liveBadge":false,"package":null,"promo":{"headline":"International arrest warrants are out for Netanyahu and Gallant. What happens next?","description":{"html":"The International Criminal Court issued warrants over allegations of war crimes in Gaza."},"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0.012500000000003,0,99.975,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.675,0,66.65,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzE5NA=="}},"primaryCampaign":null,"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0.012500000000003,0,99.975,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2180882096.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.675,0,66.65,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzE5NA=="}},"comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"streams":{"nodes":[]}},{"__typename":"PostResourceType","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6Mzg3MTU1","wpId":387155,"chorusId":null,"chorusUuid":null,"resourceType":"post","dek":{"html":"Progressives staying home (almost certainly) didn’t cost Kamala Harris the election."},"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/politics/387155/kamala-harris-2024-election-democratic-turnout-swing-voters","title":"The myth that could cost Democrats the next election","publishedAt":"2024-11-22T12:30:00+00:00","primaryCategory":{"title":"Politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="},"categories":[{"title":"2024 Elections","slug":"2024-elections","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjEwNDc="},{"title":"Kamala Harris","slug":"kamala-harris","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjYyNjA="},{"title":"Politics","slug":"politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="}],"isAccessibleForFree":false,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6Mjg5Mw==","name":"Eric Levitz","path":"/authors/eric-levitz","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/eric-levitz","shortBio":[{"html":"is a senior correspondent at Vox. He covers a wide range of political and policy issues with a special focus on questions that internally divide the American left and right. Before coming to Vox in 2024, he wrote a column on politics and economics for New York Magazine."}]}],"template":null,"liveBadge":false,"package":null,"promo":{"headline":"The myth that could cost Democrats the next election","description":{"html":"Progressives staying home (almost certainly) didn’t cost Kamala Harris the election."},"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0.0067494600431957,0,99.986501079914,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.671166306695,0,66.657667386609,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzIzNw=="}},"primaryCampaign":null,"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0.0067494600431957,0,99.986501079914,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.671166306695,0,66.657667386609,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NzIzNw=="}},"comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"streams":{"nodes":[]}},{"__typename":"PostResourceType","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6Mzg2Njgw","wpId":386680,"chorusId":null,"chorusUuid":null,"resourceType":"post","dek":{"html":"Generals out. Loyalists in. A look at Trump’s new foreign policy team."},"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/world-politics/386680/trump-foreign-policy-rubio-hegseth-waltz-gabbard","title":"The three foreign policy factions fighting for Trump’s ear","publishedAt":"2024-11-22T11:00:00+00:00","primaryCategory":{"title":"World Politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNg=="},"categories":[{"title":"Defense \u0026 Security","slug":"defense-and-security","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5Ojk3Ng=="},{"title":"Donald Trump","slug":"donald-trump","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNA=="},{"title":"Politics","slug":"politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="},{"title":"Trump Administration","slug":"trump-administration","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjExODc="},{"title":"World Politics","slug":"world-politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNg=="}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6MzUwOA==","name":"Joshua Keating","path":"/authors/joshua-keating","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/joshua-keating","shortBio":[{"html":"is a senior correspondent at Vox covering foreign policy and world news with a focus on the future of international conflict. He is the author of the 2018 book, \u003ca href=\"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300221626/invisible-countries/\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eInvisible Countries: Journeys to the Edge of Nationhood\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, an exploration of border conflicts, unrecognized countries, and changes to the world map."}]}],"template":null,"liveBadge":false,"package":{"permalink":"https://www.vox.com/donald-trump/384476/trump-second-term-agenda-policies-live-updates","title":"Trump 2.0, explained","promo":{"headline":"Trump 2.0, explained"},"id":"dngyOnBhY2thZ2U6Mzg0NDc2"},"promo":{"headline":"The three foreign policy factions fighting for Trump’s ear","description":{"html":"Generals out. Loyalists in. A look at Trump’s new foreign policy team."},"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182240589.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0.0072495287806333,100,99.985500942439"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182240589.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.661832946636,0,66.676334106729,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NjY4Mw=="}},"primaryCampaign":null,"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182240589.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0.0072495287806333,100,99.985500942439"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182240589.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=16.661832946636,0,66.676334106729,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjM4NjY4Mw=="}},"comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"streams":{"nodes":[]}}]},"id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ=="}}},{"operationName":"PostLayoutQuery","variables":{"nodeId":"dngyOnBvc3Q6MTA2MjM4"},"data":{"node":{"__typename":"PostResourceType","id":"dngyOnBvc3Q6MTA2MjM4","title":"How fascism works","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley","customCss":"","comments":{"enabled":false,"mode":"standard"},"chorusUuid":"a7837afe-ca43-4638-8188-4f6c46d33cea","chorusId":17611151,"path":"/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley","resourceType":"post","template":null,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"authors":[{"id":"dngyOmF1dGhvclByb2ZpbGU6MjM3Nw==","name":"Sean Illing","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/authors/sean-illing","shortBio":[],"profileImage":{"thumbnails":{"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/author_profile_images/14891/sean_illing_vox.0.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0,100,100"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjIzODQ="}}],"primaryCampaign":null,"articlePackage":null,"categories":[{"title":"Donald Trump","path":"/donald-trump","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNA==","slug":"donald-trump","isHub":false},{"title":"Policy","path":"/policy","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwNQ==","slug":"policy","isHub":true},{"title":"Politics","path":"/politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ==","slug":"politics","isHub":true},{"title":"Trump Administration","path":"/trump-administration","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjExODc=","slug":"trump-administration","isHub":false},{"title":"World Politics","path":"/world-politics","id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjkxNg==","slug":"world-politics","isHub":true}],"primaryCategory":{"newsletter":null,"id":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ==","title":"Politics","path":"/politics","parent":null,"slug":"politics","permalink":"https://www.vox.com/politics","isHub":true},"internalCategories":[{"slug":"category-evergreen","id":"dngyOmludGVybmFsQ2F0ZWdvcnk6MTE5OA=="},{"slug":"old-politics","id":"dngyOmludGVybmFsQ2F0ZWdvcnk6MjcwMg=="},{"slug":"latest-news","id":"dngyOmludGVybmFsQ2F0ZWdvcnk6MTIwNA=="}],"games":{"nodes":[]},"blocks":[{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"\u0026ldquo;Fascism\u0026rdquo; is a word that gets tossed around pretty loosely these days, usually as an epithet to discredit someone else\u0026rsquo;s politics."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"One consequence is that no one really knows what the term means anymore. Liberals see fascism as the culmination of conservative thinking: an authoritarian, nationalist, and racist system of government organized around corporate power. For conservatives, fascism is totalitarianism masquerading as the nanny state."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"A new book by Yale philosopher \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/How-Fascism-Works-Politics-Them/dp/0525511830\"\u003eJason Stanley\u003c/a\u003e is the latest attempt to clarify what fascism is and how it functions in the modern world. Stanley focuses on propaganda and rhetoric, so his book is largely about the tropes and narratives that drive fascist politics."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"I spoke with him recently about what fascism looks like today, why the destruction of truth is so essential to fascist movements, and whether he thinks it\u0026rsquo;s accurate to \u003ca href=\"https://newrepublic.com/minutes/124205/yes-donald-trump-fascist\"\u003ecall\u003c/a\u003e President Donald Trump a \u003ca href=\"https://www.salon.com/2015/07/25/donald_trump_is_an_actual_fascist_what_his_surging_popularity_says_about_the_gop_base/\"\u003efascist\u003c/a\u003e, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/this-is-how-fascism-comes-to-america/2016/05/17/c4e32c58-1c47-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7_story.html?noredirect=on\u0026utm_term=.0f7d1dede9ce\"\u003esome have\u003c/a\u003e."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"A lightly edited transcript of our conversation follows."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreSeparatorBlockType","__typename":"CoreSeparatorBlockType","blockName":"coreSeparator","placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Almost everyone means something different when they use the word \u0026ldquo;fascism.\u0026rdquo; What do you mean by it?"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"I think of fascism as a method of politics. It\u0026rsquo;s a rhetoric, a way of running for power. Of course, that\u0026rsquo;s connected to fascist ideology, because fascist ideology centers on power. But I really see fascism as a technique to gain power."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"People are always asking, \u0026ldquo;Is such-and-such politician really a fascist?\u0026rdquo; Which is really just another way of asking if this person has a particular set of beliefs or an ideology, but again, I don\u0026rsquo;t really think of a fascist as someone who holds a set of beliefs. They\u0026rsquo;re using a certain technique to acquire and retain power."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"So fascism isn\u0026rsquo;t a discrete category \u0026mdash; it\u0026rsquo;s a spectrum? Or a sliding scale?"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Right. And my book identifies the various techniques that fascists tend to adopt, and shows how someone can be more fascist or less fascist in their politics. The key thing is that fascist politics is about identifying enemies, appealing to the in-group (usually the majority group), and smashing truth and replacing it with power."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CorePullquoteBlockType","__typename":"CorePullquoteBlockType","contents":{"html":"“Freedom requires truth, and so to smash freedom you must smash truth”"},"citation":{"html":""},"placement":"left"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"We\u0026rsquo;ll get into some more of those techniques, but I\u0026rsquo;m curious why you think fascism is so hard to pin down as an ideology. People on the left see fascism as the endpoint of right-wing reactionary thinking, and people on the right see fascism as nanny-state totalitarianism. Obviously, it can\u0026rsquo;t be both of these things."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"I think it\u0026rsquo;s clearly right-wing. Part of the problem is that \u0026ldquo;right\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;left\u0026rdquo; are tricky to talk about, and it\u0026rsquo;s true that there are dangerous forms of extremism on both sides, but fascism tilts pretty heavily to the right in my view."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"If you think about fascism as a sliding scale, ordinary conservative politics is going to find itself somewhere on that scale \u0026mdash; which is not to say that it\u0026rsquo;s fascist at all, any more than ordinary Democratic politics is communist. But just as extreme versions of communism suppress liberty on behalf of radical equality, so too do extreme versions of right-wing politics, namely fascism, suppress liberty in favor of tradition and dominance and power."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Your specialty is propaganda and rhetoric, and in the book you describe fascism as a collection of tropes and narratives. So what, exactly, is the story fascists are spinning?"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"In the past, fascist politics would focus on the dominant cultural group. The goal is to make them feel like victims, to make them feel like they\u0026rsquo;ve lost something and that the thing they\u0026rsquo;ve lost has been taken from them by a specific enemy, usually some minority out-group or some opposing nation."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"This is why fascism flourishes in moments of great anxiety, because you can connect that anxiety with fake loss. The story is typically that a once-great society has been destroyed by liberalism or feminism or cultural Marxism or whatever, and you make the dominant group feel angry and resentful about the loss of their status and power. Almost every manifestation of fascism mirrors this general narrative. "},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CorePullquoteBlockType","__typename":"CorePullquoteBlockType","contents":{"html":"“We’re not on the brink of some fascist takeover. But there are reasons to be concerned, and we should always be on guard — that’s the lesson of history.”"},"citation":{"html":""},"placement":"left"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Why is the destruction of truth, as a shared ideal, so critical to the fascist project?"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"It\u0026rsquo;s important because truth is the heart of liberal democracy. The two ideals of liberal democracy are liberty and equality. If your belief system is shot through with lies, you\u0026rsquo;re not free. Nobody thinks of the citizens of North Korea as free, because their actions are controlled by lies."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Truth is required to act freely. Freedom requires knowledge, and in order to act freely in the world, you need to know what the world is and know what you\u0026rsquo;re doing. You only know what you\u0026rsquo;re doing if you have access to the truth. So freedom requires truth, and so to smash freedom you must smash truth."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"There\u0026rsquo;s a great line from the philosopher Hannah Arendt, I think in her \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Origins-Totalitarianism-Hannah-Arendt/dp/0156701537\"\u003ebook about totalitarianism\u003c/a\u003e, where she says that fascists are never content to merely lie; they must transform their lie into a new reality, and they must persuade people to believe in the unreality they\u0026rsquo;ve created. And if you get people to do that, you can convince them to do anything."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"I think that\u0026rsquo;s right. Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality. You get them to sign on to this fantasy version of reality, usually a nationalist narrative about the decline of the country and the need for a strong leader to return it to greatness, and from then on their anchor isn\u0026rsquo;t the world around them \u0026mdash; it\u0026rsquo;s the leader."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"This is partly why I think of fascism as a kind of anti-politics. I remember reading a quote from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1975/02/06/fascinating-fascism/\"\u003eJoseph Goebbels\u003c/a\u003e, who was the chief propagandist for the Nazis, and he said that what he was doing was more like art than politics. By which he meant their task was to create an alternative mythical reality for Germans that was more exciting and purposeful than the humdrum reality of liberal democratic politics, and that\u0026rsquo;s why mass media was so essential the rise of Nazism."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"That\u0026rsquo;s so interesting. The thing is, people willingly adopt the mythical past. Fascists are always telling a story about a glorious past that\u0026rsquo;s been lost, and they tap into this nostalgia. So when you fight back against fascism, you\u0026rsquo;ve got one hand tied behind your back, because the truth is messy and complex and the mythical story is always clear and compelling and entertaining. It\u0026rsquo;s hard to undercut that with facts."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"This is probably a good time to pivot to the glittering elephant in the room: Donald Trump. Is he a fascist?"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"I make the case in my book that he practices fascist politics. Now, that doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean his government is a fascist government. For one thing, I think it\u0026rsquo;s very difficult to say what a fascist government is."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"For another thing, I think the current movement of leaders who use these techniques (Vladimir Putin in Russia, Recep Tayyip Erdo\u0026#287;an in Turkey, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/9/13/17823488/hungary-democracy-authoritarianism-trump\"\u003eViktor Orb\u0026aacute;n in Hungary\u003c/a\u003e, to name a few) all seek to keep the trappings of democratic institutions, but their goal is to reorient them around their own cult of personality."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Again, I wouldn\u0026rsquo;t claim \u0026mdash; not yet, at least \u0026mdash; that Trump is presiding over a fascist government, but he is very clearly using fascist techniques to excite his base and erode liberal democratic institutions, and that\u0026rsquo;s very troubling."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"But the blame there is as much on the Republican Party as it is on Trump, because none of this would matter if they were willing to check Trump. So far, they\u0026rsquo;ve chosen loyalty to Trump over loyalty to rule of law."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CorePullquoteBlockType","__typename":"CorePullquoteBlockType","contents":{"html":"“Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality”"},"citation":{"html":""},"placement":"left"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"In the book, you imply that there\u0026rsquo;s something inherently fascist about American politics, or at the very least that fascism has always been a latent force in America. Can you elaborate on that?"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Well, the Ku Klux Klan deeply affected Adolf Hitler. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/0691172420/ref=as_at?creativeASIN=0691172420\u0026linkCode=w61\u0026imprToken=IuoxjWUEhv0sZQeQwkgOOg\u0026slotNum=1\u0026tag=thneyo0f-20\"\u003eexplicitly praised\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-act\"\u003e1924 Immigration Act\u003c/a\u003e, which severely limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US, as a useful model."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"The 1920s and the 1930s was a very fascist time in the United States. You\u0026rsquo;ve got very patriarchal family values and a politics of resentment aimed at black Americans and other groups as internal threats, and this gets exported to Europe."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"So we have a long history of genocide against native peoples and anti-black racism and anti-immigration hysteria, and at the same time there\u0026rsquo;s a strain of American exceptionalism, which manifests as a kind of mythological history and encourages Americans to think of their own country as a unique force for good."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"This doesn\u0026rsquo;t make America a fascist country, but all of these ingredients are easily channeled into a fascist politics."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"And yet at the same time there are countervailing forces that push us in the opposite direction, and so America exists in this perpetual tension between liberal democracy and reactionary fascism."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"Absolutely. America is exceptional in good ways as well."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"We have an exceptional devotion to liberty and equality, as embodied in our struggle for civil rights and our fight against fascism in World War II. I\u0026rsquo;m corny about these things, and I believe America has had truly great moments and has made a lot of progress."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"But, as you said, the fascist threat is always lurking, and we just have to be aware of it. "},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Sean Illing"},"headingId":"sean-illing","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"What does your book have to say about the way forward? If we are indeed threatened by fascist movements, both here and abroad, what can citizens and governments do about it?"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreHeadingBlockType","__typename":"CoreHeadingBlockType","contents":{"html":"Jason Stanley"},"headingId":"jason-stanley","level":3,"placement":"default"},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"We should heed the warning of the poem on the side of \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/martin-niemoeller-first-they-came-for-the-socialists\"\u003ethe United States Holocaust Memorial Museum\u003c/a\u003e, which says, \u0026ldquo;First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out because I was not Jewish. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak for me.\u0026rdquo; At a certain point it\u0026rsquo;s too late."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"We learned first from that poem who the targets are. The targets are leftists, minorities, labor unions, and anyone or any institution that isn\u0026rsquo;t glorified in the fascist narrative. And even if you\u0026rsquo;re not in any of those groups, you have to protect those who are, and you have to protect them from the very beginning. Simple acts of courage early on will save you impossible acts of courage later."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"To be clear, this isn\u0026rsquo;t alarmist. We\u0026rsquo;re not on the brink of some fascist takeover. But there are reasons to be concerned, and we should always be on guard \u0026mdash; that\u0026rsquo;s the lesson of history. Our weapons are our high ideals of liberty and equality, and we have to fight to keep those American ideals."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"We\u0026rsquo;re fortunate enough to have liberty and equality baked into our founding ideals. We have a long history of people appealing to those ideals and saying, \u0026ldquo;We might disagree on a number of things but we agree that truth, liberty, equality are things we stand up for.\u0026rdquo; So whatever happens, we have to continually double down on those ideals \u0026mdash; that\u0026rsquo;s what will save us."},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false},{"__isBlockType":"CoreParagraphBlockType","__typename":"CoreParagraphBlockType","contents":{"html":"\u003cem\u003eThis article was originally published on September 19, 2018.\u003c/em\u003e"},"dropcap":false,"endmark":false,"lead":false}],"__isResolvedResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","wpId":106238,"featuredImage":{"image":{"originalUrl":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all","wpId":106235,"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjEwNjIzNQ==","title":"Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’","alt":"Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’","originalHeight":366,"originalWidth":450,"thumbnails":{"social":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,15.094555546019,99.111111111111,63.799959946213","mimeType":"imageJpg","normalizedRatio":1.91,"cropCoordinates":{"height":63.79995994621349,"width":99.11111111111111}}}}},"__isContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","dek":{"plaintext":"A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump.","html":"A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump."},"robots":{"index":true,"follow":true},"canonicalUrlOverride":"","originalPublishedAt":"2018-09-19T12:10:01+00:00","publishedAt":"2018-12-15T16:06:45+00:00","__isFeedContentResourceInterface":"PostResourceType","seo":{"headline":"What is fascism? A Yale philosopher explains how it works","description":"“Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality.”"},"social":{"headline":"How fascism works","description":"A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump.","image":null},"promo":{"headline":"How fascism works"},"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","image":{"title":"Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’","alt":"Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’","originalHeight":366,"originalWidth":450,"thumbnails":{"social":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,15.094555546019,99.111111111111,63.799959946213","mimeType":"imageJpg","normalizedRatio":1.91,"cropCoordinates":{"height":63.79995994621349,"width":99.11111111111111}},"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,6.3752276867031,99.111111111111,81.238615664845","cropCoordinates":{"height":81.23861566484518,"width":99.11111111111111}},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=11.333333333333,0,76.444444444444,93.989071038251","cropCoordinates":{"height":93.98907103825137,"width":76.44444444444446}}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjEwNjIzNQ=="}},"updatedAt":"2018-12-15T16:08:28+00:00","createdAt":"2018-12-15T16:06:45+00:00","hasAffiliateLinks":false,"additionalBylines":"","status":"publish","wordCount":1956,"package":null,"streams":{"nodes":[]},"liveStatus":{"startAt":null,"status":false,"endAt":null},"seoArticleBody":"\u0026ldquo;Fascism\u0026rdquo; is a word that gets tossed around pretty loosely these days, usually as an epithet to discredit someone else\u0026rsquo;s politics.\nOne consequence is that no one really knows what the term means anymore. Liberals see fascism as the culmination of conservative thinking: an authoritarian, nationalist, and racist system of government organized around corporate power. For conservatives, fascism is totalitarianism masquerading as the nanny state.\nA new book by Yale philosopher Jason Stanley is the latest attempt to clarify what fascism is and how it functions in the modern world. Stanley focuses on propaganda and rhetoric, so his book is largely about the tropes and narratives that drive fascist politics.\nI spoke with him recently about what fascism looks like today, why the destruction of truth is so essential to fascist movements, and whether he thinks it\u0026rsquo;s accurate to call President Donald Trump a fascist, as some have.\nA lightly edited transcript of our conversation follows.\nSean Illing\nAlmost everyone means something different when they use the word \u0026ldquo;fascism.\u0026rdquo; What do you mean by it?\nJason Stanley\nI think of fascism as a method of politics. It\u0026rsquo;s a rhetoric, a way of running for power. Of course, that\u0026rsquo;s connected to fascist ideology, because fascist ideology centers on power. But I really see fascism as a technique to gain power.\nPeople are always asking, \u0026ldquo;Is such-and-such politician really a fascist?\u0026rdquo; Which is really just another way of asking if this person has a particular set of beliefs or an ideology, but again, I don\u0026rsquo;t really think of a fascist as someone who holds a set of beliefs. They\u0026rsquo;re using a certain technique to acquire and retain power.\nSean Illing\nSo fascism isn\u0026rsquo;t a discrete category \u0026mdash; it\u0026rsquo;s a spectrum? Or a sliding scale?\nJason Stanley\nRight. And my book identifies the various techniques that fascists tend to adopt, and shows how someone can be more fascist or less fascist in their politics. The key thing is that fascist politics is about identifying enemies, appealing to the in-group (usually the majority group), and smashing truth and replacing it with power.\nSean Illing\nWe\u0026rsquo;ll get into some more of those techniques, but I\u0026rsquo;m curious why you think fascism is so hard to pin down as an ideology. People on the left see fascism as the endpoint of right-wing reactionary thinking, and people on the right see fascism as nanny-state totalitarianism. Obviously, it can\u0026rsquo;t be both of these things.\nJason Stanley\nI think it\u0026rsquo;s clearly right-wing. Part of the problem is that \u0026ldquo;right\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;left\u0026rdquo; are tricky to talk about, and it\u0026rsquo;s true that there are dangerous forms of extremism on both sides, but fascism tilts pretty heavily to the right in my view.\nIf you think about fascism as a sliding scale, ordinary conservative politics is going to find itself somewhere on that scale \u0026mdash; which is not to say that it\u0026rsquo;s fascist at all, any more than ordinary Democratic politics is communist. But just as extreme versions of communism suppress liberty on behalf of radical equality, so too do extreme versions of right-wing politics, namely fascism, suppress liberty in favor of tradition and dominance and power.\nSean Illing\nYour specialty is propaganda and rhetoric, and in the book you describe fascism as a collection of tropes and narratives. So what, exactly, is the story fascists are spinning?\nJason Stanley\nIn the past, fascist politics would focus on the dominant cultural group. The goal is to make them feel like victims, to make them feel like they\u0026rsquo;ve lost something and that the thing they\u0026rsquo;ve lost has been taken from them by a specific enemy, usually some minority out-group or some opposing nation.\nThis is why fascism flourishes in moments of great anxiety, because you can connect that anxiety with fake loss. The story is typically that a once-great society has been destroyed by liberalism or feminism or cultural Marxism or whatever, and you make the dominant group feel angry and resentful about the loss of their status and power. Almost every manifestation of fascism mirrors this general narrative. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\nSean Illing\nWhy is the destruction of truth, as a shared ideal, so critical to the fascist project?\nJason Stanley\nIt\u0026rsquo;s important because truth is the heart of liberal democracy. The two ideals of liberal democracy are liberty and equality. If your belief system is shot through with lies, you\u0026rsquo;re not free. Nobody thinks of the citizens of North Korea as free, because their actions are controlled by lies.\nTruth is required to act freely. Freedom requires knowledge, and in order to act freely in the world, you need to know what the world is and know what you\u0026rsquo;re doing. You only know what you\u0026rsquo;re doing if you have access to the truth. So freedom requires truth, and so to smash freedom you must smash truth.\nSean Illing\nThere\u0026rsquo;s a great line from the philosopher Hannah Arendt, I think in her book about totalitarianism, where she says that fascists are never content to merely lie; they must transform their lie into a new reality, and they must persuade people to believe in the unreality they\u0026rsquo;ve created. And if you get people to do that, you can convince them to do anything.\nJason Stanley\nI think that\u0026rsquo;s right. Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality. You get them to sign on to this fantasy version of reality, usually a nationalist narrative about the decline of the country and the need for a strong leader to return it to greatness, and from then on their anchor isn\u0026rsquo;t the world around them \u0026mdash; it\u0026rsquo;s the leader.\nSean Illing\nThis is partly why I think of fascism as a kind of anti-politics. I remember reading a quote from Joseph Goebbels, who was the chief propagandist for the Nazis, and he said that what he was doing was more like art than politics. By which he meant their task was to create an alternative mythical reality for Germans that was more exciting and purposeful than the humdrum reality of liberal democratic politics, and that\u0026rsquo;s why mass media was so essential the rise of Nazism.\nJason Stanley\nThat\u0026rsquo;s so interesting. The thing is, people willingly adopt the mythical past. Fascists are always telling a story about a glorious past that\u0026rsquo;s been lost, and they tap into this nostalgia. So when you fight back against fascism, you\u0026rsquo;ve got one hand tied behind your back, because the truth is messy and complex and the mythical story is always clear and compelling and entertaining. It\u0026rsquo;s hard to undercut that with facts.\nSean Illing\nThis is probably a good time to pivot to the glittering elephant in the room: Donald Trump. Is he a fascist?\nJason Stanley\nI make the case in my book that he practices fascist politics. Now, that doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean his government is a fascist government. For one thing, I think it\u0026rsquo;s very difficult to say what a fascist government is.\nFor another thing, I think the current movement of leaders who use these techniques (Vladimir Putin in Russia, Recep Tayyip Erdo\u0026#287;an in Turkey, Viktor Orb\u0026aacute;n in Hungary, to name a few) all seek to keep the trappings of democratic institutions, but their goal is to reorient them around their own cult of personality.\nAgain, I wouldn\u0026rsquo;t claim \u0026mdash; not yet, at least \u0026mdash; that Trump is presiding over a fascist government, but he is very clearly using fascist techniques to excite his base and erode liberal democratic institutions, and that\u0026rsquo;s very troubling.\nBut the blame there is as much on the Republican Party as it is on Trump, because none of this would matter if they were willing to check Trump. So far, they\u0026rsquo;ve chosen loyalty to Trump over loyalty to rule of law.\nSean Illing\nIn the book, you imply that there\u0026rsquo;s something inherently fascist about American politics, or at the very least that fascism has always been a latent force in America. Can you elaborate on that?\nJason Stanley\nWell, the Ku Klux Klan deeply affected Adolf Hitler. He explicitly praised the 1924 Immigration Act, which severely limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US, as a useful model.\nThe 1920s and the 1930s was a very fascist time in the United States. You\u0026rsquo;ve got very patriarchal family values and a politics of resentment aimed at black Americans and other groups as internal threats, and this gets exported to Europe.\nSo we have a long history of genocide against native peoples and anti-black racism and anti-immigration hysteria, and at the same time there\u0026rsquo;s a strain of American exceptionalism, which manifests as a kind of mythological history and encourages Americans to think of their own country as a unique force for good.\nThis doesn\u0026rsquo;t make America a fascist country, but all of these ingredients are easily channeled into a fascist politics.\nSean Illing\nAnd yet at the same time there are countervailing forces that push us in the opposite direction, and so America exists in this perpetual tension between liberal democracy and reactionary fascism.\nJason Stanley\nAbsolutely. America is exceptional in good ways as well.\nWe have an exceptional devotion to liberty and equality, as embodied in our struggle for civil rights and our fight against fascism in World War II. I\u0026rsquo;m corny about these things, and I believe America has had truly great moments and has made a lot of progress.\nBut, as you said, the fascist threat is always lurking, and we just have to be aware of it. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\nSean Illing\nWhat does your book have to say about the way forward? If we are indeed threatened by fascist movements, both here and abroad, what can citizens and governments do about it?\nJason Stanley\nWe should heed the warning of the poem on the side of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which says, \u0026ldquo;First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out because I was not Jewish. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak for me.\u0026rdquo; At a certain point it\u0026rsquo;s too late.\nWe learned first from that poem who the targets are. The targets are leftists, minorities, labor unions, and anyone or any institution that isn\u0026rsquo;t glorified in the fascist narrative. And even if you\u0026rsquo;re not in any of those groups, you have to protect those who are, and you have to protect them from the very beginning. Simple acts of courage early on will save you impossible acts of courage later.\nTo be clear, this isn\u0026rsquo;t alarmist. We\u0026rsquo;re not on the brink of some fascist takeover. But there are reasons to be concerned, and we should always be on guard \u0026mdash; that\u0026rsquo;s the lesson of history. Our weapons are our high ideals of liberty and equality, and we have to fight to keep those American ideals.\nWe\u0026rsquo;re fortunate enough to have liberty and equality baked into our founding ideals. We have a long history of people appealing to those ideals and saying, \u0026ldquo;We might disagree on a number of things but we agree that truth, liberty, equality are things we stand up for.\u0026rdquo; So whatever happens, we have to continually double down on those ideals \u0026mdash; that\u0026rsquo;s what will save us.\nThis article was originally published on September 19, 2018.","excludedFromHomepage":false,"packages":{"nodes":[]},"ledeMediaData":{"__typename":"LedeMediaImageType","caption":{"html":"Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on “Brown Shirt Day.”","plaintext":"Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on “Brown Shirt Day.”"},"credit":{"plaintext":"Shutterstock","html":"Shutterstock"},"hideCredit":false,"image":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,6.3752276867031,99.111111111111,81.238615664845"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=11.333333333333,0,76.444444444444,93.989071038251"},"vertical":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/13110813/stock_photo_nazi_german_soldiers_at_the_nuremberg_rally_september_251930365.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=18.977777777778,0,61.155555555556,93.989071038251"}},"title":"Nearly 100,000 Nazi storm troopers are gathered at Luitpold arena to listen to a 1933 speech by Adolf Hitler on ‘Brown Shirt Day.’","credit":{"plaintext":"Shutterstock","html":"Shutterstock"},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjEwNjIzNQ=="}}}}}]},"nodeId":"dngyOnBvc3Q6MTA2MjM4","primaryCategoryNodeId":"dngyOmNhdGVnb3J5OjgwMQ==","primaryPackageNodeId":null,"primaryStreamNodeId":null,"navProps":{"stickyNav":{"enable":true,"headline":"How fascism works"},"commentCountProps":null,"variant":"standard","template":"standard"},"mostPopularArticles":[{"author":{"fullName":"Adam Clark Estes"},"image_url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/Google-Chrome-1.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0%2C10.741658252926%2C100%2C78.516683494149","publishDate":"2024-11-22T19:20:00","tags":["antitrust","approach-brings-clarity-to-chaos","big-tech","business-of-media","google","pagetype:story","parsely_smart:entity:Android (operating system)","parsely_smart:entity:Apple Inc.","parsely_smart:entity:Firefox","parsely_smart:entity:Google Chrome","parsely_smart:entity:Google Search","parsely_smart:entity:IPhone","parsely_smart:entity:Internet","parsely_smart:entity:Monopoly","parsely_smart:entity:Mozilla","parsely_smart:entity:Privacy","parsely_smart:entity:Safari (web browser)","parsely_smart:entity:Web browser","parsely_smart:entity:World Wide Web","parsely_smart:iab:Business","parsely_smart:iab:Law, Gov’t \u0026 Politics","parsely_smart:iab:Software","parsely_smart:iab:Technology","privacy","tech-policy","technology","vox"],"title":"You deserve a better browser than Google Chrome","url":"/technology/387375/google-chrome-antitrust-privacy-android","uid":"0"},{"author":{"fullName":"Eric Levitz"},"image_url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-2182557090.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0%2C10.7276829545%2C100%2C78.544634091001","publishDate":"2024-11-22T12:30:00","tags":["2024-elections","approach-brings-clarity-to-chaos","kamala-harris","members-only-manual-article","pagetype:story","parsely_smart:entity:Democratic Party (United States)","parsely_smart:entity:Donald Trump","parsely_smart:entity:Election","parsely_smart:entity:Polling station","parsely_smart:entity:Pramila Jayapal","parsely_smart:entity:Republican Party (United States)","parsely_smart:entity:Swing vote","parsely_smart:entity:United States Congress","parsely_smart:entity:Voter turnout","parsely_smart:entity:Voting","parsely_smart:iab:Law, Gov’t \u0026 Politics","parsely_smart:iab:Politics","politics","vox"],"title":"The myth that could cost Democrats the next election","url":"/politics/387155/kamala-harris-2024-election-democratic-turnout-swing-voters","uid":"1"},{"author":{"fullName":"Nicole Narea"},"image_url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/gettyimages-969781380.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0%2C10.685109365485%2C100%2C78.62978126903","publishDate":"2024-11-23T11:00:00","tags":["approach-surface-something-hidden-in-plain-sight","donald-trump","immigration","package-dngyOnBhY2thZ2U6Mzg0NDc2","pagetype:story","parsely_smart:entity:Asylum seeker","parsely_smart:entity:Border control","parsely_smart:entity:Cabinet of Canada","parsely_smart:entity:Canada–United States border","parsely_smart:entity:Immigration","parsely_smart:entity:Mexico–United States border","parsely_smart:entity:Presidency of Donald Trump","parsely_smart:entity:Refugee","parsely_smart:entity:Right of asylum","parsely_smart:entity:Temporary protected status","parsely_smart:iab:Immigration","parsely_smart:iab:Law, Gov’t \u0026 Politics","parsely_smart:iab:Legal Issues","policy","politics","trump-administration","vox","world-politics"],"title":"The unexpected place that could become an immigration flashpoint under Trump","url":"/politics/387525/trump-canada-immigration-border","uid":"2"},{"author":{"fullName":"Vox Staff"},"image_url":"https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/D6-fLnxFDuiRUeYmJOvlRBotLm8=/11x0:4989x2800/1600x900/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67656692/crossword_yellow__1_.0.jpg","publishDate":"2020-10-19T21:09:57","tags":["crossword-puzzles","front-page","parsely_smart:entity:Crossword","parsely_smart:iab:Technology","vox"],"title":"Take a mental break with the newest Vox crossword","url":"/21523212/crossword-puzzles-free-daily-printable","uid":"3"},{"author":{"fullName":"Kenny Torrella"},"image_url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/GettyImages-1189380056.jpg?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0%2C10.727816900681%2C100%2C78.544366198639","publishDate":"2024-11-21T17:00:00","tags":["animal-welfare","approach-dissects-something-complicated","economy","future-of-meat","future-perfect","money","pagetype:story","parsely_smart:entity:Climate change","parsely_smart:entity:Diet (nutrition)","parsely_smart:entity:Intensive animal farming","parsely_smart:entity:Meat","parsely_smart:entity:Red meat","parsely_smart:entity:Veganism","parsely_smart:entity:Vegetarianism","parsely_smart:iab:Food \u0026 Drink","parsely_smart:iab:Health \u0026 Fitness","parsely_smart:iab:Nutrition","vox"],"title":"Americans are eating less meat. And more meat. How?","url":"/future-perfect/386374/grocery-store-meat-purchasing","uid":"4"}],"campaign":null,"hasEditorialSponsorship":false,"showBreakingNewsBanner":true,"showWikiBanner":true,"showLeaderboardTopAd":false,"parselyConfig":{"tagsToInverse":[],"enableTraining":true,"enableArticleRecirc":true}},"hydration":{"responses":[{"operationName":"GlobalDataContainerQuery","variables":{},"data":{"breakingNewsBanner":null,"wikiBanner":{"buttonText":"Support Vox","buttonUrl":"https://www.vox.com/support-now?itm_campaign=50-to-5000-oct-2024\u0026itm_medium=site\u0026itm_source=wikibanner","content":[{"html":"Our mission could not be more clear and more necessary: We have a duty to explain what just happened, and why, and what it means for you. We need clear-eyed journalism that helps you understand what really matters. Reporting that brings clarity in increasingly chaotic times. \u003cb\u003eReporting that is driven by truth, not by what people in power want you to believe.\u003c/b\u003e"}],"heading":"Fearless journalism needs your support now more than ever"},"siteSettings":{"siteDomain":"www.vox.com","siteSlug":"vox","siteTitle":"Vox","placeholderImage":{"thumbnails":{"horizontal":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/default-og-image.png?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=10.625,0,78.75,100"},"vertical":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/default-og-image.png?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=29,0,42,100"},"square":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/default-og-image.png?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=23.75,0,52.5,100"},"social":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/default-og-image.png?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0.13712291199202,100,99.725754176016"}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjcz"},"siteLogo":{"originalWidth":1200,"originalHeight":630,"thumbnails":{"social":{"url":"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/default-og-image.png?quality=90\u0026strip=all\u0026crop=0,0.13712291199202,100,99.725754176016","cropCoordinates":{"height":99.72575417601595,"width":100}}},"id":"dngyOmltYWdlOjcz"}},"newsletters":[{"title":"Today, Explained","slug":"vox_sentences","listId":"Sentences","default":true,"promoText":{"html":"Understand the world with a daily explainer plus the most compelling stories of the day."},"frequency":"daily","image":null},{"title":"The Rebuild","slug":"vox_weeds","listId":"The Weeds","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"The lessons liberals should take away from their election defeat — and a closer look at where they should go next. From senior correspondent Eric Levitz."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null},{"title":"Explain It to Me","slug":"explain_it_to_me","listId":"Explain It To Me","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"The Explain It to Me newsletter answers an interesting question from an audience member each week, delivering a digestible explainer from one of our journalists."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null},{"title":"Next Page","slug":"next-page","listId":"Vox Book Club","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Book recommendations — both old and new — that are worth your time, from our critic Constance Grady."},"frequency":"monthly","image":null},{"title":"On the Right","slug":"on_the_right","listId":"On The Right","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"The ideas and trends driving the conservative movement, from senior correspondent Zack Beauchamp."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null},{"title":"Kids Today","slug":"kids_today","listId":"Kids Today","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"A weekly newsletter about kids — for everyone."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null},{"title":"SCOTUS, Explained","slug":"scotus_explained","listId":"SCOTUS Explained","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Get the latest developments on the US Supreme Court from senior correspondent Ian Millhiser."},"frequency":"twice-weekly","image":null},{"title":"Within Our Means","slug":"within_our_means","listId":"Within Our Means","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"A newsletter about ending poverty in America, from correspondent Abdallah Fayyad."},"frequency":"as-needed","image":null},{"title":"Processing Meat","slug":"processing_meat","listId":"Processing Meat","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"A newsletter analyzing how the meat and dairy industries impact everything around us."},"frequency":"as-needed","image":null},{"title":"Vox Culture","slug":"the_goods","listId":"The Goods","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Culture reflects society. Get our best explainers on everything from money to entertainment to what everyone is talking about online."},"frequency":"twice-weekly","image":null},{"title":"Future Perfect","slug":"future_perfect","listId":"Future Perfect","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Explore the big, complicated problems the world faces and the most efficient ways to solve them. Sent twice a week."},"frequency":"twice-weekly","image":null},{"title":"Vox Technology","slug":"recode","listId":"Recode","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Get weekly dispatches from Vox writers about how technology is changing the world — and how it’s changing us."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null},{"title":"Vox Recommends","slug":"vox_recommends","listId":"Vox Recommends","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Get curated picks of the best Vox journalism to read, watch, and listen to every week, from our editors."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null},{"title":"Meat/Less","slug":"vox_course_meatless","listId":"Meatless - Vox Course","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Want to eat less meat? Take our Vox course on how to eat well and do good, in 5 emails."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null},{"title":"Vox Crossword","slug":"vox_crossword","listId":"Crossword","default":false,"promoText":{"html":"Get an email reminder with our newest crosswords each Saturday, plus the best of Vox from the week."},"frequency":"weekly","image":null}]}}]},"preview":false,"themes":{"voxLight":"_19dl57i0"},"communityId":441,"defaultTheme":"voxLight","routeInfo":{"base":"/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley","page":null},"serverAuthState":{"isEntitled":false,"isLoggedIn":false},"version":"production-gitsha-be892cc919ab3aa8d72f833b6f621a0b5584a2ff","__N_SSP":true},"page":"/resource/content/post/[nodeId]","query":{"nodeId":"dngyOnBvc3Q6MTA2MjM4"},"buildId":"h5eB_VpOn51J6ScgPqIN2","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"gssp":true,"appGip":true,"scriptLoader":[{"src":"https://vox.coral.coralproject.net/assets/js/count.js?v=0","strategy":"lazyOnload","className":"coral-script","defer":true}]}</script></body></html>