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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/EErnst2","location":"/EErnst2","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/EErnst2","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-02bff509-991f-4fe0-92fd-b52a8782f9cc"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-02bff509-991f-4fe0-92fd-b52a8782f9cc"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="edzard E Ernst" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/51099414/29805531/27693562/s200_edzard.ernst.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">edzard E Ernst</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="edzard" data-follow-user-id="51099414" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="51099414"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">303</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">18</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">15</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Emeritus professor who researched and critically evaluated alternative medicine for ~ 25 years. Published many papers and > 50 books. Runs a blog (edzardernst.com), gives lectures, lives in UK and France, and tries to enjoy life.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51099414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/EErnst2","location":"/EErnst2","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/EErnst2","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Complementary and Alternative Medicine"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1893154c-7b35-4101-b020-736c3c8bad91"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1893154c-7b35-4101-b020-736c3c8bad91"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51099414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Clinical Sciences"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-69a41107-ec5d-49cd-96c2-b73c154f5434"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-69a41107-ec5d-49cd-96c2-b73c154f5434"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51099414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Systematic review"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-cf5a23ce-cf1c-4f12-9aaf-70a4adbb1382"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-cf5a23ce-cf1c-4f12-9aaf-70a4adbb1382"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51099414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Public health systems and services research"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f913e79d-8562-484f-a2d0-56b6d2f4790a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f913e79d-8562-484f-a2d0-56b6d2f4790a"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by edzard E Ernst</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464676"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464676/Adverse_effects_of_acupuncture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Adverse effects of acupuncture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464676/Adverse_effects_of_acupuncture">Adverse effects of acupuncture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464676; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464673"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464673/Editorial_Cost_Evaluation_of_Herbal_Medicine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Cost Evaluation of Herbal Medicine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464673/Editorial_Cost_Evaluation_of_Herbal_Medicine">Editorial: Cost Evaluation of Herbal Medicine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Herbal medicines have become immensely popular, nowhere more so than in Germany. In 1970, 52% of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Herbal medicines have become immensely popular, nowhere more so than in Germany. In 1970, 52% of the German population used “natural” remedies and in 2002 this figure had increased to 73%.1 Today 76% of all Germans feel it is “important” or “very important” that herbal medicines should be reimbursed by healthcare insurances.1 One often voiced argument in favour of herbal medicine is that it will save healthcare costs. De Smet et al. reviewed the pharmacoeconomics of herbal medicines and found only one cost-evaluation of herbal medicine. They concluded that such studies would be particularly important for Germany.2 In August 2002, I wrote to 52 German manufacturers of herbal products asking them for cost-evaluation studies of herbal medicines.3 I only received 7 replies (response rate = 13.5%). Three companies stated that they are no longer active in this area, two companies regretted that they were not aware of any such research, one firm answered by inquiring what ‘cost-evaluation ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464673"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464673; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464673]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464673]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464673; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464673']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464673, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464673]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464673,"title":"Editorial: Cost Evaluation of Herbal Medicine","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Herbal medicines have become immensely popular, nowhere more so than in Germany. 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Three companies stated that they are no longer active in this area, two companies regretted that they were not aware of any such research, one firm answered by inquiring what ‘cost-evaluation ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy"},"translated_abstract":"Herbal medicines have become immensely popular, nowhere more so than in Germany. In 1970, 52% of the German population used “natural” remedies and in 2002 this figure had increased to 73%.1 Today 76% of all Germans feel it is “important” or “very important” that herbal medicines should be reimbursed by healthcare insurances.1 One often voiced argument in favour of herbal medicine is that it will save healthcare costs. De Smet et al. reviewed the pharmacoeconomics of herbal medicines and found only one cost-evaluation of herbal medicine. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464657"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464657/Herbal_Medicine_in_the_Treatment_of_Rheumatic_Diseases"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118684735/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464657/Herbal_Medicine_in_the_Treatment_of_Rheumatic_Diseases">Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="84cd8f639a3b40922bb5adab9c3c89f3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118684735,"asset_id":124464657,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118684735/download_file?st=MTczMzE2MzAyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464657"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464657"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464657; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464657]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464657; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464657']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464657, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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A recent US survey suggested that approximately 90% of arthritic patients use alternative therapies such as herbal medicines. 1 Many patients try multiple alternative treatments. 2 The reasons for this high level of popularity are complex 1 and include the following factors: Conventional medicine is not always optimally effective. Drugs frequently have adverse effects. Herbal medicines are heavily promoted, for example, by the popular press, Internet sites, popular books, and celebrities. Herbal medicines are widely available, usually marketed as food supplements. Exaggerated claims are often made regarding their efficacy. The public tends to view herbs as natural and thus devoid of risks. Most consumers can afford the extra costs for herbal medicines. As more patients start using alternative medicine, conventional health care practitioners increasingly feel the need to acquaint themselves with herbal medicines. 3,4 This article provides a brief overview of the evidence on herbal medicines for 4 common rheumatic conditions: back pain, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Nonherbal supplements, for example, vitamins or glucosamine, were excluded. This overview is based mainly on the author's systematic assessments of these conditions, 5-7 supplemented with relevant, more recent data. BACK PAIN Several herbal medicines are supported by promising results in terms of alleviating musculoskeletal pain, and many patients who also use such treatments perceive","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North 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data-work-id="124464655"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464655/Complementary_Medicine_in_Gastroenterology_More_Than_a_Fad"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Complementary Medicine in Gastroenterology: More Than a Fad?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464655/Complementary_Medicine_in_Gastroenterology_More_Than_a_Fad">Complementary Medicine in Gastroenterology: More Than a Fad?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Sur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Surgical experience with nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am Surg 2000;66:1116–22. 4. Phan GQ, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, et al. Surgical experience with pancreatic and peripancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: review of 125 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 1998;2:473–82. 5. Angeletti S, Annibale B, Marignani M, et al. Natural history of intestinal carcinoids. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31(suppl 2):S108–10. 6. Memmon MA, Nelson H. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors: current management strategies. Dis Col Rectum 1997;40:1101–18. 7. Anderson JR, Wilson BG. Carcinoid tumours of the appendix. Br J Surg 1985; 72:545–6. 8. Moertel CG, Weiland LH, Nagorney DM, et al. Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1699–701. 9. MacGillivray DC, Heaton RB, Rushin JM, et al. Distant metastasis from a carcinoid tumor of the appendix less than one centimeter in size. Surgery 1992;111: 466–71. 10. Vinik AI, McLeod MK, Fig LM, et al. Clinical features, diagnosis, and localization of carcinoid tumors and their management. Gastrointest Endocrinol 1989; 18:865–96.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464655"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464655"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464655; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464655]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464655]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464655; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464655']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464655, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464655]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464655,"title":"Complementary Medicine in Gastroenterology: More Than a Fad?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Surgical experience with nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am Surg 2000;66:1116–22. 4. Phan GQ, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, et al. Surgical experience with pancreatic and peripancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: review of 125 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 1998;2:473–82. 5. Angeletti S, Annibale B, Marignani M, et al. Natural history of intestinal carcinoids. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31(suppl 2):S108–10. 6. Memmon MA, Nelson H. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors: current management strategies. Dis Col Rectum 1997;40:1101–18. 7. Anderson JR, Wilson BG. Carcinoid tumours of the appendix. Br J Surg 1985; 72:545–6. 8. Moertel CG, Weiland LH, Nagorney DM, et al. Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1699–701. 9. MacGillivray DC, Heaton RB, Rushin JM, et al. Distant metastasis from a carcinoid tumor of the appendix less than one centimeter in size. Surgery 1992;111: 466–71. 10. Vinik AI, McLeod MK, Fig LM, et al. Clinical features, diagnosis, and localization of carcinoid tumors and their management. Gastrointest Endocrinol 1989; 18:865–96.","publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},"translated_abstract":"islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Surgical experience with nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am Surg 2000;66:1116–22. 4. Phan GQ, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, et al. Surgical experience with pancreatic and peripancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: review of 125 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 1998;2:473–82. 5. Angeletti S, Annibale B, Marignani M, et al. Natural history of intestinal carcinoids. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31(suppl 2):S108–10. 6. Memmon MA, Nelson H. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors: current management strategies. Dis Col Rectum 1997;40:1101–18. 7. Anderson JR, Wilson BG. Carcinoid tumours of the appendix. Br J Surg 1985; 72:545–6. 8. Moertel CG, Weiland LH, Nagorney DM, et al. Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1699–701. 9. MacGillivray DC, Heaton RB, Rushin JM, et al. Distant metastasis from a carcinoid tumor of the appendix less than one centimeter in size. Surgery 1992;111: 466–71. 10. Vinik AI, McLeod MK, Fig LM, et al. Clinical features, diagnosis, and localization of carcinoid tumors and their management. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464652"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464652/Spinal_Manipulations_for_Cervicogenic_Headaches_A_Systematic_Review_of_Randomized_Clinical_Trials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spinal Manipulations for Cervicogenic Headaches: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118684734/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464652/Spinal_Manipulations_for_Cervicogenic_Headaches_A_Systematic_Review_of_Randomized_Clinical_Trials">Spinal Manipulations for Cervicogenic Headaches: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6661b7aa606097801138603841a69e12" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118684734,"asset_id":124464652,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118684734/download_file?st=MTczMzE2MzAyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464652"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464652; 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Seven databases were searched from their inception to February 2011. All randomized trials which investigated spinal manipulations performed by any type of healthcare professional for treating cervicogenic headaches in human subjects were considered. The selection of studies, data extraction, and validation were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Nine randomized clinical trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. Their methodological quality was mostly poor. Six RCTs suggested that spinal manipulation is more effective than physical therapy, gentle massage, drug therapy, or no intervention. Three RCTs showed no differences in pain, duration, and frequency of headaches compared to placebo, manipulation, physical therapy, massage, or wait list controls. Adequate control for placebo effect was achieved in 1 RCT only, and this trial showed no benefit of spinal manipulations beyond a placebo effect. The majority of RCTs failed to provide details of adverse effects. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464650"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464650/Spinal_manipulation_are_the_benefits_worth_the_risks"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spinal manipulation: are the benefits worth the risks?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118684729/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464650/Spinal_manipulation_are_the_benefits_worth_the_risks">Spinal manipulation: are the benefits worth the risks?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e2f0507bc6e024d502c44a6946c410d4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118684729,"asset_id":124464650,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118684729/download_file?st=MTczMzE2MzAyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464650"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464650"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464650; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464625/A_Review_of_the_Clinical_Effectiveness_of_Exercise_Therapy_for_Intermittent_Claudication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy for Intermittent Claudication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464625/A_Review_of_the_Clinical_Effectiveness_of_Exercise_Therapy_for_Intermittent_Claudication">A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy for Intermittent Claudication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archives of Internal Medicine</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Intermittent claudication is both frequent and disabling. Conservative treatment consists of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Intermittent claudication is both frequent and disabling. Conservative treatment consists of the elimination of risk factors, particularly smoking, drug treatment, and physical exercises. This review represents an attempt to define how effectively exercise prolongs the walking ability of claudicants. A computerized literature search was done to identify all controlled trials on the subject. In addition, other studies were admitted if they were in accordance with certain quality criteria. Without exception, these studies showed that exercise can prolong the pain-free walking distance of claudicants. Even though this message seems uniform and convincing, one should point out that all trials are burdened with methodological flaws. The variability of increase in walking ability demonstrated in these studies is impressive and cannot be fully explained. A multitude of possible mechanisms could be involved in bringing about the clinical effect; at present it is impossible to define their relative importance. The optimal exercise program should be supervised, performed regularly for at least 2 months, and of high intensity. Appropriate steps to guarantee patients&amp;#39; compliance must be taken. Even though many fundamental questions remain unanswered, it is justified to prescribe exercise therapy for intermittent claudication more generally than is realized in today&amp;#39;s practice.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464625, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464625,"title":"A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy for Intermittent Claudication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Intermittent claudication is both frequent and disabling. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/124464676/Adverse_effects_of_acupuncture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Adverse effects of acupuncture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464676/Adverse_effects_of_acupuncture">Adverse effects of acupuncture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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Evaluation of Herbal Medicine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464673/Editorial_Cost_Evaluation_of_Herbal_Medicine">Editorial: Cost Evaluation of Herbal Medicine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Herbal medicines have become immensely popular, nowhere more so than in Germany. In 1970, 52% of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Herbal medicines have become immensely popular, nowhere more so than in Germany. In 1970, 52% of the German population used “natural” remedies and in 2002 this figure had increased to 73%.1 Today 76% of all Germans feel it is “important” or “very important” that herbal medicines should be reimbursed by healthcare insurances.1 One often voiced argument in favour of herbal medicine is that it will save healthcare costs. De Smet et al. reviewed the pharmacoeconomics of herbal medicines and found only one cost-evaluation of herbal medicine. They concluded that such studies would be particularly important for Germany.2 In August 2002, I wrote to 52 German manufacturers of herbal products asking them for cost-evaluation studies of herbal medicines.3 I only received 7 replies (response rate = 13.5%). Three companies stated that they are no longer active in this area, two companies regretted that they were not aware of any such research, one firm answered by inquiring what ‘cost-evaluation ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464673"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464673; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464673]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464673]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464673; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464673']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464673, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464673]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464673,"title":"Editorial: Cost Evaluation of Herbal Medicine","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Herbal medicines have become immensely popular, nowhere more so than in Germany. 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They concluded that such studies would be particularly important for Germany.2 In August 2002, I wrote to 52 German manufacturers of herbal products asking them for cost-evaluation studies of herbal medicines.3 I only received 7 replies (response rate = 13.5%). Three companies stated that they are no longer active in this area, two companies regretted that they were not aware of any such research, one firm answered by inquiring what ‘cost-evaluation ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124464673/Editorial_Cost_Evaluation_of_Herbal_Medicine","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-10-06T01:22:13.938-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":51099414,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Editorial_Cost_Evaluation_of_Herbal_Medicine","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":51099414,"first_name":"edzard","middle_initials":"E","last_name":"Ernst","page_name":"EErnst2","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-17T22:19:34.707-07:00","display_name":"edzard E Ernst","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EErnst2"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine"},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464671"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464671/Complementary_and_alternative_medicine_in_neurology_hype_hope_and_hazards"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Complementary and alternative medicine in neurology: hype, hope and hazards" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118684736/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464671/Complementary_and_alternative_medicine_in_neurology_hype_hope_and_hazards">Complementary and alternative medicine in neurology: hype, hope and hazards</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trends in Neurosciences</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="21c70134155afb8449763e9fb88f6f76" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118684736,"asset_id":124464671,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118684736/download_file?st=MTczMzE2MzAyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464671"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464671"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464671; 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Forsch Komplementmed 2010;17:4-6]</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forschende Komplementärmedizin (2006)</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464659"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464659]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464659']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464659, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464659]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464659,"title":"[Zu Walach H: \"Integrative medicine\"-- establishment of alternative medicine and the necessity of something completely different [Editorial]. 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data-work-id="124464655"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464655/Complementary_Medicine_in_Gastroenterology_More_Than_a_Fad"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Complementary Medicine in Gastroenterology: More Than a Fad?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464655/Complementary_Medicine_in_Gastroenterology_More_Than_a_Fad">Complementary Medicine in Gastroenterology: More Than a Fad?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Sur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Surgical experience with nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am Surg 2000;66:1116–22. 4. Phan GQ, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, et al. Surgical experience with pancreatic and peripancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: review of 125 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 1998;2:473–82. 5. Angeletti S, Annibale B, Marignani M, et al. Natural history of intestinal carcinoids. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31(suppl 2):S108–10. 6. Memmon MA, Nelson H. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors: current management strategies. Dis Col Rectum 1997;40:1101–18. 7. Anderson JR, Wilson BG. Carcinoid tumours of the appendix. Br J Surg 1985; 72:545–6. 8. Moertel CG, Weiland LH, Nagorney DM, et al. Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1699–701. 9. MacGillivray DC, Heaton RB, Rushin JM, et al. Distant metastasis from a carcinoid tumor of the appendix less than one centimeter in size. Surgery 1992;111: 466–71. 10. Vinik AI, McLeod MK, Fig LM, et al. Clinical features, diagnosis, and localization of carcinoid tumors and their management. Gastrointest Endocrinol 1989; 18:865–96.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464655"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464655"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464655; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464655]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464655]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464655; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464655']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464655, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464655]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464655,"title":"Complementary Medicine in Gastroenterology: More Than a Fad?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Surgical experience with nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am Surg 2000;66:1116–22. 4. Phan GQ, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, et al. Surgical experience with pancreatic and peripancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: review of 125 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 1998;2:473–82. 5. Angeletti S, Annibale B, Marignani M, et al. Natural history of intestinal carcinoids. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31(suppl 2):S108–10. 6. Memmon MA, Nelson H. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors: current management strategies. Dis Col Rectum 1997;40:1101–18. 7. Anderson JR, Wilson BG. Carcinoid tumours of the appendix. Br J Surg 1985; 72:545–6. 8. Moertel CG, Weiland LH, Nagorney DM, et al. Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1699–701. 9. MacGillivray DC, Heaton RB, Rushin JM, et al. Distant metastasis from a carcinoid tumor of the appendix less than one centimeter in size. Surgery 1992;111: 466–71. 10. Vinik AI, McLeod MK, Fig LM, et al. Clinical features, diagnosis, and localization of carcinoid tumors and their management. Gastrointest Endocrinol 1989; 18:865–96.","publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},"translated_abstract":"islet-cell tumors. Arch Surg 1993;128:1143–8. 3. Matthews BD, Heniford BT, Reardon PR, et al. Surgical experience with nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am Surg 2000;66:1116–22. 4. Phan GQ, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, et al. Surgical experience with pancreatic and peripancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: review of 125 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 1998;2:473–82. 5. Angeletti S, Annibale B, Marignani M, et al. Natural history of intestinal carcinoids. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31(suppl 2):S108–10. 6. Memmon MA, Nelson H. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors: current management strategies. Dis Col Rectum 1997;40:1101–18. 7. Anderson JR, Wilson BG. Carcinoid tumours of the appendix. Br J Surg 1985; 72:545–6. 8. Moertel CG, Weiland LH, Nagorney DM, et al. Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1699–701. 9. MacGillivray DC, Heaton RB, Rushin JM, et al. Distant metastasis from a carcinoid tumor of the appendix less than one centimeter in size. Surgery 1992;111: 466–71. 10. Vinik AI, McLeod MK, Fig LM, et al. Clinical features, diagnosis, and localization of carcinoid tumors and their management. Gastrointest Endocrinol 1989; 18:865–96.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124464655/Complementary_Medicine_in_Gastroenterology_More_Than_a_Fad","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-10-06T01:22:09.504-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":51099414,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Complementary_Medicine_in_Gastroenterology_More_Than_a_Fad","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":51099414,"first_name":"edzard","middle_initials":"E","last_name":"Ernst","page_name":"EErnst2","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-17T22:19:34.707-07:00","display_name":"edzard E Ernst","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EErnst2"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":3274,"name":"Gastroenterology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastroenterology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":89250,"name":"Complementary Therapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Therapies"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":2430299,"name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Diseases"},{"id":3277906,"name":"Clinical Gastroenterology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Gastroenterology"}],"urls":[{"id":45001466,"url":"http://journals.lww.com/00004836-200305000-00022"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464652"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464652/Spinal_Manipulations_for_Cervicogenic_Headaches_A_Systematic_Review_of_Randomized_Clinical_Trials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spinal Manipulations for Cervicogenic Headaches: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118684734/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464652/Spinal_Manipulations_for_Cervicogenic_Headaches_A_Systematic_Review_of_Randomized_Clinical_Trials">Spinal Manipulations for Cervicogenic Headaches: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6661b7aa606097801138603841a69e12" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118684734,"asset_id":124464652,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118684734/download_file?st=MTczMzE2MzAyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464652"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464652]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464652']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464652, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6661b7aa606097801138603841a69e12" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464652]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464652,"title":"Spinal Manipulations for Cervicogenic Headaches: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley","grobid_abstract":"The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of spinal manipulations as a treatment option for cervicogenic headaches. Seven databases were searched from their inception to February 2011. All randomized trials which investigated spinal manipulations performed by any type of healthcare professional for treating cervicogenic headaches in human subjects were considered. The selection of studies, data extraction, and validation were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Nine randomized clinical trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. Their methodological quality was mostly poor. Six RCTs suggested that spinal manipulation is more effective than physical therapy, gentle massage, drug therapy, or no intervention. Three RCTs showed no differences in pain, duration, and frequency of headaches compared to placebo, manipulation, physical therapy, massage, or wait list controls. Adequate control for placebo effect was achieved in 1 RCT only, and this trial showed no benefit of spinal manipulations beyond a placebo effect. The majority of RCTs failed to provide details of adverse effects. There are few rigorous RCTs testing the effectiveness of spinal manipulations for treating cervicogenic headaches. The results are mixed and the only trial accounting for placebo effects fails to be positive. 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This article provides an overview of systematic reviews of herbal treatments for conditions common in elderly individuals. According to this evidence, there is little doubt that Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) is well tolerated and effective for mild to moderate depression. Although widely used, Valeriana officinalis (valerian) has not been shown beyond reasonable doubt to be effective for insomnia. There is relatively compelling evidence that Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) is effective in delaying the clinical course of dementias. It has been well documented that Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) seed extracts alleviate the subjective symptoms and reduce the objective signs of chronic venous insufficiency. Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) is effective in improving the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finally, yohimbine has been shown to be effective for erectile dysfunction. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124464625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464625/A_Review_of_the_Clinical_Effectiveness_of_Exercise_Therapy_for_Intermittent_Claudication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy for Intermittent Claudication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124464625/A_Review_of_the_Clinical_Effectiveness_of_Exercise_Therapy_for_Intermittent_Claudication">A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy for Intermittent Claudication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archives of Internal Medicine</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Intermittent claudication is both frequent and disabling. Conservative treatment consists of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Intermittent claudication is both frequent and disabling. Conservative treatment consists of the elimination of risk factors, particularly smoking, drug treatment, and physical exercises. This review represents an attempt to define how effectively exercise prolongs the walking ability of claudicants. A computerized literature search was done to identify all controlled trials on the subject. In addition, other studies were admitted if they were in accordance with certain quality criteria. Without exception, these studies showed that exercise can prolong the pain-free walking distance of claudicants. Even though this message seems uniform and convincing, one should point out that all trials are burdened with methodological flaws. The variability of increase in walking ability demonstrated in these studies is impressive and cannot be fully explained. A multitude of possible mechanisms could be involved in bringing about the clinical effect; at present it is impossible to define their relative importance. The optimal exercise program should be supervised, performed regularly for at least 2 months, and of high intensity. Appropriate steps to guarantee patients&amp;#39; compliance must be taken. Even though many fundamental questions remain unanswered, it is justified to prescribe exercise therapy for intermittent claudication more generally than is realized in today&amp;#39;s practice.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124464625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124464625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124464625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124464625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124464625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124464625, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124464625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124464625,"title":"A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy for Intermittent Claudication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Intermittent claudication is both frequent and disabling. 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The optimal exercise program should be supervised, performed regularly for at least 2 months, and of high intensity. Appropriate steps to guarantee patients\u0026amp;#39; compliance must be taken. Even though many fundamental questions remain unanswered, it is justified to prescribe exercise therapy for intermittent claudication more generally than is realized in today\u0026amp;#39;s practice.","publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},"translated_abstract":"Intermittent claudication is both frequent and disabling. Conservative treatment consists of the elimination of risk factors, particularly smoking, drug treatment, and physical exercises. This review represents an attempt to define how effectively exercise prolongs the walking ability of claudicants. A computerized literature search was done to identify all controlled trials on the subject. In addition, other studies were admitted if they were in accordance with certain quality criteria. Without exception, these studies showed that exercise can prolong the pain-free walking distance of claudicants. Even though this message seems uniform and convincing, one should point out that all trials are burdened with methodological flaws. The variability of increase in walking ability demonstrated in these studies is impressive and cannot be fully explained. A multitude of possible mechanisms could be involved in bringing about the clinical effect; at present it is impossible to define their relative importance. The optimal exercise program should be supervised, performed regularly for at least 2 months, and of high intensity. Appropriate steps to guarantee patients\u0026amp;#39; compliance must be taken. 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