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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_national_waters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_national_waters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History of national waters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_national_waters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gadoid_outburst_and_Common_Fisheries_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gadoid_outburst_and_Common_Fisheries_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gadoid outburst and Common Fisheries Policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gadoid_outburst_and_Common_Fisheries_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Current status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demersal_fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demersal_fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Demersal fleet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demersal_fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nephrops_fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nephrops_fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Nephrops</i> fleet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nephrops_fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelagic_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelagic_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pelagic sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelagic_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fish_processing_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fish_processing_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Fish processing industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fish_processing_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Associated organisations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Associated_organisations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Associated organisations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Associated_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisheries_research_in_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisheries_research_in_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Fisheries research in Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisheries_research_in_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fishing+industry+in+Scotland%22">"Fishing industry in Scotland"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fishing+industry+in+Scotland%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fishing+industry+in+Scotland%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fishing+industry+in+Scotland%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fishing+industry+in+Scotland%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fishing+industry+in+Scotland%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fraserburgh_Harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fraserburgh_Harbour.jpg/300px-Fraserburgh_Harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fraserburgh_Harbour.jpg/450px-Fraserburgh_Harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fraserburgh_Harbour.jpg/600px-Fraserburgh_Harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Scottish fishing boats moored in <a href="/wiki/Fraserburgh" title="Fraserburgh">Fraserburgh</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>fishing industry in Scotland</b> comprises a significant proportion of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">fishing industry</a>. A recent inquiry by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> found fishing to be of much greater social, economic and cultural importance to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> than it is relative to the rest of the UK. Scotland has just 8.4 per cent of the <a href="/wiki/UK_population" class="mw-redirect" title="UK population">UK population</a> but lands at its ports over 60 per cent of the total catch in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of these are <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ports</a> in relatively remote communities such as <a href="/wiki/Kinlochbervie" title="Kinlochbervie">Kinlochbervie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a>, which are scattered along an extensive <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coastline</a> and which, for centuries, have looked to fishing as the main source of <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">employment</a>. Restrictions imposed under the <a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a> (CFP) affect all <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> fishing fleets, but they have proved particularly severe in recent years for the <a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">demersal fish</a> or whitefish sector (boats mainly fishing for <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">haddock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merlangius_merlangus" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlangius merlangus">whiting</a>) of the Scottish fishing industry. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fishing_areas">Fishing areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fishing areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main fishing areas are the <a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_the_North_Sea" title="Fishing in the North Sea">North Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seas_west_of_Scotland" title="Seas west of Scotland">seas west of Scotland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_development">Historical development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> have been recognised as a major <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> source from the earliest times. Fishing was important to the earliest settlers in Scotland, around 7000 BC. At this stage, fishing was a subsistence activity, undertaken only to feed the fisher and their immediate community. By the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval period">medieval period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> were important resources and were exported to <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, and the towns of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> in particular. As the industry developed, "fishertouns" and villages sprang up to supply the growing towns and fishing became more specialised. The many religious houses in Scotland acted as a spur to fisheries, granting exclusive fishing rights and demanding part of their <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithes</a> in fish.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bigfishlittlefish.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bigfishlittlefish.JPG/350px-Bigfishlittlefish.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bigfishlittlefish.JPG/525px-Bigfishlittlefish.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bigfishlittlefish.JPG/700px-Bigfishlittlefish.JPG 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>A medieval view of fishing, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brueghel_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Brueghel the Elder">Peter Brueghel the Elder</a> (1556).</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 19th century, the British Government began to subsidise the catches of herring boats larger than 60 tons, plus an additional bounty on all herring sold abroad. This, coupled with the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railways</a> as a means of more rapid transport, gave an opportunity to Scottish fishermen to deliver their catches to markets much more quickly than in the past. Herring is considered a delicacy on the Continent and was caught relatively easily off the Coast of Scotland – off the East Coast during winter and spring, off the North Coast of Scotland and Shetland during the summer months and, in the autumn, off the Coast of East Anglia. At this time, there were as many as 30,000 vessels involved in herring fishing the East Coast, not to mention others in the Irish Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the peak of the Herring Boom in 1907, 2,500,000 barrels of fish (227,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonnes">tonnes</a>) were cured and exported, the main markets being Germany, Eastern Europe and Russia. The traditional method used for catching herring was the drift net. A long net in the form of a curtain was suspended from corks floating on the surface. The fish were trapped by the gills as they swam against the net. In the sheltered waters around <a href="/wiki/Loch_Fyne" title="Loch Fyne">Loch Fyne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argyll" title="Argyll">Argyll</a>, ring-netting for herring developed. The method involved surrounding a shoal of herring with a net and then pulling the ring tight to trap them. </p><p>Before the 1880s, long-lining was the usual method used to catch white fish such as cod, halibut, saithe, ling and flat fish which live at the bottom of the sea. It was very labour-intensive but resulted in a high-quality catch. Small line fishing was a family affair with women and children responsible for preparing the equipment. This was a line, up to a mile in length, to which were attached snoods or shorter pieces of line which were baited with fish or shellfish. Great line fishing was similar to small line fishing but was undertaken in deeper waters, further out to sea. The lines could be up to 15 miles (24 km) in length and would be fitted with 5,000 hooks. The fishermen usually baited the lines on the boat. Because of the work involved in preparing and hauling the lines, new methods of catching white fish were sought. Trawling was introduced into Scotland from England in the late 19th century and, from the 1920s, seine-netting was introduced from Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitcher_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitcher-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> interrupted the growth of the industry with many fishermen enlisting the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Reserve" title="Royal Naval Reserve">Royal Naval Reserve</a>. They returned to a declining industry which was further interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> in 1939. After 1945 much of the effort became concentrated on whitefish with an additional sector exploiting shellfish. Technical developments have concentrated fishing in the hands of fewer fishermen operating more efficient vessels and, although the annual value of catches continued to rise, the number of people working in the industry fell.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fishing industry in Scotland continued to decline up to the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, in terms of the numbers employed in the industry, with commercial fishing virtually grinding to a halt during the war years. The post-war years saw the development of a fleet heavily based on <a href="/wiki/Bottom_trawling" title="Bottom trawling">otter trawling</a>, less involved in distant-water fishing than the English fishing sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_national_waters">History of national waters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History of national waters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Adjacent_Waters_Boundaries_Order_1999" title="Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order 1999">Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order 1999</a></div> <p>The concept of "freedom of the seas" has endured since the seventeenth century, when the Dutch merchant and politician, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a>, defended the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>'s trading in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, with the argument of "mare librum", based on the idea that fish stocks were so abundant that there could be no possible benefit obtained by claiming national <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> over large areas of sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Jennings_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jennings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His arguments prevailed, and freedom of the seas became synonymous with the freedom to fish.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Countries such as Scotland had claimed exclusive rights to fishing in inshore waters as early as the fifteenth century, but there was no formal consensus as to how far off shore these areas extended. This ad hoc situation was codified by legislation in the <a href="/wiki/1930_Hague_Convention_on_International_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 Hague Convention on International Law">1930 Hague Convention on International Law</a>. However, only <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> claimed more than a few miles of territorial waters. This system endured until the 1970s, when it became apparent to nations with large fishery resources that "their" stocks were being <a href="/wiki/Overexploited" class="mw-redirect" title="Overexploited">overexploited</a> by non-local fishermen. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea#The_Third_United_Nations_Conference_on_Law_of_the_Sea_(UNCLOS_III)" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">1973 UN Conference on Law of the Sea</a> allowed 200-nautical-mile (370 km) national limits, which were immediately claimed by a number of countries. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Sea_Gadoid_Landings.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/North_Sea_Gadoid_Landings.png/350px-North_Sea_Gadoid_Landings.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/North_Sea_Gadoid_Landings.png/525px-North_Sea_Gadoid_Landings.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/North_Sea_Gadoid_Landings.png/700px-North_Sea_Gadoid_Landings.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Trends in landings of Cod, Haddock, Whiting and <a href="/wiki/Trisopterus_esmarkii" title="Trisopterus esmarkii">Norway Pout</a> from the North Sea (1961-2004).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gadoid_outburst_and_Common_Fisheries_Policy">Gadoid outburst and Common Fisheries Policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gadoid outburst and Common Fisheries Policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fisheries are mentioned briefly in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a>. </p><p>"The Common Market shall extend to agriculture and trade in agricultural products. ‘Agricultural products’ means the products of the soil, of stockfarming and of fisheries and products of first stage processing directly related to these products." </p><p>Fisheries policy was seen, therefore, as an extension of the arrangements for <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> interpreted this as requiring a common policy dealing with fisheries. In 1968 the first proposals were put to the Council of Ministers for a <a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a> (CFP). Implementation of the CFP was delayed by the difficulty in member states reaching agreement on the provisions of the legislation required. An agreement on the two regulations which make up the CFP was eventually reached on the night of 30 June 1970 - the day that negotiations were due to start for the accession of the UK, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. The six existing members were keen that a CFP should be in place before negotiations began and should therefore become part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">acquis communautaire</a></i>, which new members would have to accept as settled policy.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The late 1960s and early 1970s were characterised by a sudden and unexplained increase in the abundance of a number of <a href="/wiki/Gadoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadoid">gadoid</a> species (cod, haddock, whiting, etc.), the <i>gadoid outburst</i>. In this period the gadoid species in Scottish waters all produced a series of exceptionally strong year classes which have not been seen repeated in the intervening period. This great abundance, coupled with the price support system that subsidised fishermen when prices fell, contained in the CFP, lead to heavy investment in new boats, equipment and processing capacity in the Scottish whitefish fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-Hislop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hislop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain's negotiating position was complicated by the conflicting interest of the inshore and distant water fishermen. The Scottish fleet had a strong interest in seeing the exclusive 12 mile (22.2 km) limit retained; but the UK Government was also pressed by the distant water fleet, mainly, but not solely based on the east coast of England, which wanted to continue fishing off Iceland, Norway and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>. The distant water fishermen were, of course, strongly opposed to any extension of <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a> of any country, including the UK. The drama of the <i><a href="/wiki/Cod_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cod war">cod war</a></i> with Iceland was still to come, with Britain's attempt to protect the interests of its distant water fleet. Compromise was reached when it was agreed that the applicant countries would retain their 6-mile (11 km) exclusive limits, and their 12-mile (19 km) limits subject to existing historical rights, for substantial parts of their coastline, preventing continental European vessels fishing in much of the Scottish west coast, including all of the <a href="/wiki/Minch" class="mw-redirect" title="Minch">Minch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>. These limits have been renewed in legislation on two occasions, and although these rights are not a permanent feature of the policy, it is unlikely now that they will ever be extinguished, especially in the light of the need to conserve fish stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1977, at the behest of the EEC, the UK and other member states extended their <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclusive Economic Zone">Exclusive Economic Zones</a> (EEZs) to 200 miles (370.4 km) or to the median line with other countries. This followed the extension of exclusive fisheries limits by Iceland, Norway, the United States and Canada to 200 miles (320 km). By this time Norway had decided by referendum not to join the EEC, as had the Faroe Islands, which, as a Danish dependency, had the option to join but did not do so. The 12-200 mile zone around Scotland, has never, therefore, been fished solely by the Scottish fishing industry, but is a direct consequence of the adoption of the CFP into British law. </p><p>The outcome of the negotiations was considered by fishermen's representative bodies at the time to be a success. The extension of the 12-mile (19 km) limit to the whole coastline (including <a href="/wiki/St._Kilda,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Rona" title="North Rona">North Rona</a> and enclosing the Minch) gave Scotland one of the largest areas of inshore fishing in Europe, and the same limits as before entry to the EEC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_status">Current status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Updated statistics from the UK's <a href="/wiki/Marine_Management_Organisation" title="Marine Management Organisation">Marine Management Organisation</a> on the UK fishing sector show that UK vessels landed 724 thousand tonnes of sea fish in 2017, with a value of £980 million. Scottish vessels accounted for 64 per cent of the quantity of landings by the UK fleet while <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English vessels</a> accounted for 28 per cent. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current status of the fishing industry in Scotland is best considered on a sector-by-sector basis, as each faces different problems and opportunities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demersal_fleet">Demersal fleet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demersal fleet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Scottish demersal fleet has been facing economically difficult times for several years due to the decline of cod and haddock in the North Sea, which were the mainstay of catches. The fleet has declined from around 800 vessels in 1992 to just over 400 in 2004. This sector catches a diverse range of species and, although cod and haddock are important components, together accounting for 40% of the total landings, in absolute value they represent only a modest turnover of £55m.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial performance of the sector has been dominated by the difficulties over cod, particularly in recent years with the implementation of the European "Cod Recovery Plan", but have also been affected by a scarcity of haddock and other demersal species. In recent years much of the demersal industry has been supported by the abundant 1999 year-class of haddock.<sup id="cite_ref-WGNSSK_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGNSSK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nephrops_fleet"><i>Nephrops</i> fleet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nephrops fleet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nephrops_norvegicus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nephrops_norvegicus.jpg/220px-Nephrops_norvegicus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nephrops_norvegicus.jpg/330px-Nephrops_norvegicus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nephrops_norvegicus.jpg/440px-Nephrops_norvegicus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><i>Nephrops norvegicus</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing_Trawler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fishing_Trawler.jpg/220px-Fishing_Trawler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fishing_Trawler.jpg/330px-Fishing_Trawler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fishing_Trawler.jpg/440px-Fishing_Trawler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>A small <i>Nephrops</i> trawler leaving <a href="/wiki/Ullapool" title="Ullapool">Ullapool</a> harbour</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nephrops_norvegicus" title="Nephrops norvegicus">Nephrops norvegicus</a></i> is a small crustacean better known as langoustine or scampi, and, by value, is the single most economically important species caught by the Scottish fishing industry, with landings in 2005 worth £38.5m, as compared to £22.4m for haddock, the next most significant species.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Nephrops</i> fleet is varied in its makeup, with larger trawlers fishing in the central North Sea, and smaller vessels trawling in coastal waters, and significant landings coming from vessels fishing with <a href="/wiki/Creel_(basket)" title="Creel (basket)">creels</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lobster_pot" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster pot">lobster pots</a>, particularly on the west coast. <i>Nephrops</i> lives on patches of soft mud, in which it excavates burrow systems. The distribution of the species is therefore limited by the extent of these mud patches, which are found in the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moray_Firth" title="Moray Firth">Moray Firth</a>, the North and South Minches, the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a> estuary, and the Fladen ground, in the centre of the North Sea. Juveniles and females spend most of their time inside these burrows, with males venturing out more frequently. This difference in behaviour, coupled with the inherent problem in measuring the age of crustaceans, means that standard stock assessment techniques cannot be used. <i>Nephrops</i> stocks are assessed by surveying their habitat with TV cameras to count the number of burrows. This is then used to calculate an average population density, and from their to calculate a biomass for a particular area. The total allowable catch is set as a proportion of this biomass.<sup id="cite_ref-WGNSSK_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGNSSK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nephrops</i> stocks in the North Minch have decreased considerably in recent years (ICES). The creel fishery in <a href="/wiki/Loch_Torridon" title="Loch Torridon">Loch Torridon</a> was first certified as sustainable in 2003 by the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Stewardship_Council" title="Marine Stewardship Council">Marine Stewardship Council</a> but the certificate was suspended on 11 January 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelagic_sector">Pelagic sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pelagic sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commercial performance of this sector suffered a near terminal setback during the 1970s, when the herring fisheries in the North Sea and west of Scotland collapsed and had to be closed. As stocks recovered and as it became possible to separate the catching of herring and mackerel, the sector recovered. It became apparent that the domestic market for herring had disappeared, and mackerel became the dominant source of earnings. These trends encouraged a number of enterprising fishermen to set about investing in the modernisation of the fleet through the commissioning of new, state-of-the-art vessels. The pelagic fleet is now highly centralised, based in Shetland and north east Scotland, with a fleet of 27 vessels generating gross earnings of £98M.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general view is that substantial profit and excellent returns on investment are being achieved by this sector. 2006 raids by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fisheries_Protection_Agency" title="Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency">Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency</a> (SFPA) on a number of fish processors revealed large-scale misreporting of landings by pelagic vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the Scottish component of pelagic quotas being reduced for several years to "repay" this over-exploitation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fish_processing_industry">Fish processing industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fish processing industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Scottish <a href="/wiki/Fish_processing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish processing industry">fish processing industry</a> accounts for 49 per cent of the turnover of UK fish processing industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geographical distribution of the turnover of the Scottish industry is 77 % around Aberdeen; 24% in central and southern Scotland; and 11 per cent in the Highlands and Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry forms an integral part of the fishing-based economy. It accounts for more jobs than the catching industry and <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> combined, with the added significance that it provides employment for women in otherwise male-dominated labour markets. Two distinct sub-sectors make up the processing industry: the primary processors involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processors producing chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current situation of the processing sector reflects the fortunes of the catching industry. Those involved in processing <a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">pelagic fishes</a> and shellfish (together with farmed fish) are expanding their operations, while those engaged in whitefish processing are in difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the major problems facing the processing sector is the scarcity of labour in isolated rural communities. Difficulties in attracting local labour reflect the low pay, the seasonal or casual nature of employment and the poor work environment compared with office or supermarket jobs. The high turnover of labour and high levels of absenteeism experienced in some plants adds significantly to labour costs. As a result, firms are now turning increasingly to agency labour and the employment of unskilled (and occasionally illegal<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) immigrant workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_organisations">Associated organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Associated organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fishing industry in Scotland is supported by a number of governmental and non-governmental organisations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clupea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Clupea.JPG/220px-Clupea.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Clupea.JPG/330px-Clupea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Clupea.JPG/440px-Clupea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FRV_Clupea" class="mw-redirect" title="FRV Clupea">FRV Clupea</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisheries_research_in_Scotland">Fisheries research in Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fisheries research in Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fisheries research in Scotland dates back to the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Association_for_Marine_Science" title="Scottish Association for Marine Science">Scottish Marine Station</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Oban" title="Oban">Oban</a> and the Gatty Marine Laboratory at <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews" title="St Andrews">St Andrews</a> in 1884. Government involvement in fisheries research began in 1899 with the foundation of the Aberdeen Marine Laboratory, now part of <a href="/wiki/Marine_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Scotland">Marine Scotland</a>. Marine Scotland operates two <a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">research vessels</a>, the ocean-going MRV <i>Scotia</i> and the smaller inshore vessel <a href="/wiki/MRV_Alba-Na-Mara" title="MRV Alba-Na-Mara">MRV <i>Alba Na Mara</i></a>. </p><p>Non-governmental fisheries research is carried out at a number of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish universities">Scottish universities</a> and institutes, including deep-sea research at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">University of Aberdeen</a>'s Oceanlab at <a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_Aberdeenshire" title="Newburgh, Aberdeenshire">Newburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">marine mammal</a> research at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, research on the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a> estuary ecosystem at the Millport Biological Station on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Cumbrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Cumbrae">Isle of Cumbrae</a>, and fisheries research at the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Association_of_Marine_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Association of Marine Science">Scottish Association of Marine Science</a> (SAMS) near Oban, and the North Atlantic Fisheries College at <a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>, both part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and Islands</a> project. Recently, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Subsea_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Subsea Centre (page does not exist)">National Subsea Centre</a> in Dyce, Aberdeen, has also been involved in fisheries research. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_organisations">Industry organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Industry organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are numerous organisations representing different sectors of the industry, including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Fishermen%27s_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Fishermen's Federation (page does not exist)">Scottish Fishermen's Federation</a> (SFF), which was formed in 1973 from eight constituent local fishermen's organisations. The SFF lobbies for the interests of Scottish fishermen at national and international levels in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. The Federation also plays a role in <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">fisheries science</a> by coordinating industry cooperation with scientific partners. The different industrial sectors each have representative organisations, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Whitefish_Producers_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Whitefish Producers Organisation (page does not exist)">Scottish Whitefish Producers Organisation</a> or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Seafood_Processors_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Seafood Processors Federation (page does not exist)">Scottish Seafood Processors Federation</a>. </p><p>In 2017 the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communities_Inshore_Fisheries_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communities Inshore Fisheries Alliance (page does not exist)">Communities Inshore Fisheries Alliance</a> was established to respond to common needs throughout the mobile, static, diving and landline fisheries and onshore fishing businesses in Scotland, currently its members include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clyde_Fishermen%27s_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clyde Fishermen's Association (page does not exist)">Clyde Fishermen's Association</a>, Western Isles Fishermen's Association, West Coast Scallop Association, Dunbar Fishermen's Association, Orkney Fishermen's Association, Galloway Static Gear Association and a range of fishing businesses and scientists representatives such as SAMS. </p><p>The SCFF is an organisation representing static creel, hand-line and dive fishing. (around 85 per cent of the Scottish inshore fleet are thought to be creel boats).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The promotion of fish and fish products along with economic analysis of fisheries is carried out by <a href="/wiki/Sea_Fish_Industry_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Fish Industry Authority">Sea Fish Industry Authority</a> (Seafish) – a non-departmental public body funded by a levy on fish sales – and their Scottish partner organisation, Seafood Scotland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulation_and_enforcement">Regulation and enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Regulation and enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FPVJura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/FPVJura.jpg/220px-FPVJura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/FPVJura.jpg/330px-FPVJura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/FPVJura.jpg/440px-FPVJura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Marine_Directorate" title="Marine Directorate">Marine Directorate</a> patrol vessel <i>MV Jura</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Whilst the international aspect of European fisheries negotiation, such as the setting of quotas, remain a <a href="/wiki/Reserved_and_excepted_matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserved and excepted matters">reserved power</a>, the implementation of fisheries regulations is devolved to the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> and is administered and enforced by the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Directorate" title="Marine Directorate">Marine Directorate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fisheries_Museum" title="Scottish Fisheries Museum">Scottish Fisheries Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Scotland" title="Whaling in Scotland">Whaling in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Salmon_Conservation_Organization" title="North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization">North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Royal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitcher-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pitcher_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitcher et al, 1982</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jennings-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennings et al, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAO-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAO_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hislop-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hislop_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hislop, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarine_Management_Organisation2018" class="citation web cs1">Marine Management Organisation (27 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/fishing-industry-in-2017-statistics-published">"Fishing industry in 2017 statistics published"</a>. <i>gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Fishing+industry+in+2017+statistics+published&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft.au=Marine+Management+Organisation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Ffishing-industry-in-2017-statistics-published&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGNSSK-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WGNSSK_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WGNSSK_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WGNSSK</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Agriculture-Fisheries/TrendSeaFisheries">Sea Fisheries</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>. Retrieved 22 June 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/north-east-atlantic/loch-torridon-nephrops-creel/?searchterm=Loch%20Torridon">Loch Torridon nephrops creel fishery</a> <i>Marine Stewardship Council</i>. Retrieved 6 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/north-east-atlantic/loch-torridon-nephrops-creel/reassessment-downloads-1/11.01.2011_Torridon_Nephrops_suspension_actioned.pdf">Certificate suspension Loch Torridon Nephrops creel Fishery</a> January 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/4761691.stm">"Raid on fish processing factory"</a>. 11 May 2006 – via news.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Raid+on+fish+processing+factory&rft.date=2006-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fscotland%2Fnorth_east%2F4761691.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3567279.stm">'Gangmaster' raids on north east</a> <i>BBC News</i>, 25 March 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishcreelfishermensfederation.co.uk/about.htm">"Scottish Creel Fishermen's Federation || About SCFF"</a>. <i>www.scottishcreelfishermensfederation.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scottishcreelfishermensfederation.co.uk&rft.atitle=Scottish+Creel+Fishermen%27s+Federation+%7C%7C+About+SCFF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishcreelfishermensfederation.co.uk%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hislop J.R.G. (1996) Changes in North Sea gadoid stocks. ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 53, Number 6, pp. 1146–1156(11)</li> <li>Jennings, S., Kaiser, M.J. & Reynolds, J.D. (2001) Marine Fisheries Ecology. Blackwell Publishing ltd., Oxford. 417pp.</li> <li>Payne, A.I.L., O'Brien, C.M. & Rogers, S.I. (2004) Management of Shared Fish Stocks. Blackwell Publishing ltd., Oxford. 367pp.</li> <li>Pitcher, T.J. & Hart, P.J.B. (1982) Fishies Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London. 414pp.</li> <li>Report of the ICES Working Group on the North Sea and Skagerrak.</li> <li>Royal Society of Edinburgh (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/advice-papers/inquiry/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf">Inquiry into the future of the Scottish fishing industry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007001129/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/advice-papers/inquiry/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf">Archived</a> 7 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 128pp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Sea-Fisheries">Sea Fisheries</a> on Scottish Government website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ScottishHerringHistory.uk/">The Scottish Continental Herring Trade 1810-1914</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishseafoodassociation.com">Scottish Seafood Association</a> - an organisation in Scotland promoting the Scottish seafood industry.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sff.co.uk">Scottish Fishermen's Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seafish.org">Seafish - the UK Seafish Industry Authority</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seafoodscotland.org">Seafood Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517141950/http://fishingscotland.org/">Fishing Scotland.org</a> Where to fish in Scotland, gear shops, and other information.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trawlerpictures.net">Trawler Pictures - A Forum and Gallery Dedicated to Commercial Trawlers</a> With mostly Scottish and U.K Based Members</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fishing_by_country" title="Template:Fishing by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fishing_by_country" title="Template talk:Fishing by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Bhutan" title="Fishing in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Brunei" title="Fishing industry in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cambodia#Fisheries" title="Agriculture in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Central_African_Republic#Fishing" title="Economy of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_China" title="Fishing industry in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cyprus#Fishing_and_forestry" title="Agriculture in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Denmark" title="Fishing industry in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Greenland" title="Fishing industry in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Guernsey" title="Fishing in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_aquaculture_in_Hong_Kong" title="Agriculture and aquaculture in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iran#Fishing" title="Agriculture in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Libya#Fishing" title="Agriculture in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Madagascar#Livestock_and_fishing" title="Agriculture in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_Maldives" title="Fishing industry in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Morocco" title="Fishing industry in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Myanmar#Fishing" title="Agriculture in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Fishing industry in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Oman#Fishing" title="Agriculture in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Palau" title="Fishing industry in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_in_the_Philippines" title="Fisheries in the Philippines">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fisheries_in_the_Philippines" title="Commercial fisheries in the Philippines">Commercial fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fisheries_in_the_Philippines" title="History of fisheries in the Philippines">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_fisheries_in_the_Philippines" title="Municipal fisheries in the Philippines">Municipal fisheries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Somalia#Fishing" title="Agriculture in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing_in_Spain" title="Commercial fishing in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Switzerland" title="Fishing industry in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Thailand" title="Fishing industry in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Turkey" title="Fishing in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Turkmenistan" title="Fishing industry in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Fishing industry in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Vanuatu" title="Fishing in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Yemen" title="Fishing in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/90px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/135px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/180px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean bank (topography)">Fishing banks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Bank" title="Agulhas Bank">Agulhas Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogger_Bank" title="Dogger Bank">Dogger Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Cap" title="Flemish Cap">Flemish Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bank" title="Georges Bank">Georges Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland" title="Grand Banks of Newfoundland">Grand Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Bank" title="Hawkins Bank">Hawkins Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macclesfield_Bank" title="Macclesfield Bank">Macclesfield Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Bank" title="Nazareth Bank">Nazareth Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_Bank" title="Princess Alice Bank">Princess Alice Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_de_Malha_Bank" title="Saya de Malha Bank">Saya de Malha Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soudan_Banks" title="Soudan Banks">Soudan Banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">By species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_king_crab_fishing" title="Alaskan king crab fishing">Alaskan king crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_salmon_fishery" title="Alaska salmon fishery">Alaskan salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_anchoveta" title="Peruvian anchoveta">Peruvian anchoveta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing_in_Alaska" title="Commercial fishing in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Rise" title="Chatham Rise">Chatham Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_the_North_Sea" title="Fishing in the North Sea">North Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas542" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template talk:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas542" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> topic areas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild fisheries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/140px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/210px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/280px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">Fisherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">History of fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-game_fishing" title="Big-game fishing">Big-game fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release" title="Catch and release">Catch and release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tournament" title="Fishing tournament">Fishing tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">Fly fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">Destructive fishing practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishfinder" title="Fishfinder">Fishfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">Fishing net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handline_fishing" title="Handline fishing">Handline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">Tackle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">Artificial flies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Lures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Sinker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pond" title="Fish pond">Fish ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean bank (topography)">Fishing banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_village" title="Fishing village">Fishing villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_crime" title="Fisheries crime">Crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea_Anti-Poaching_Operations" title="Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations">Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_poaching" title="Coral poaching">Coral poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_eel_poaching_and_smuggling" title="Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling">Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing_in_the_Arctic" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing" title="Category:Fishing">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agriculture_in_Scotland456" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Agriculture_of_Scotland" title="Template:Agriculture of Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Agriculture_of_Scotland" title="Template talk:Agriculture of Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture_of_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture of Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agriculture_in_Scotland456" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture in Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Farmers%27_Union_of_Scotland" title="National Farmers' Union of Scotland">National Farmers' Union of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Crofting_Federation" title="Scottish Crofting Federation">Scottish Crofting Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_farmers" title="Category:Scottish farmers">Scottish farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Rural_College" title="Scotland's Rural College">Scotland's Rural College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Meat_Scotland" title="Quality Meat Scotland">Quality Meat Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Agricultural_Wages_Board" title="Scottish Agricultural Wages Board">Scottish Agricultural Wages Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Rural_Life" title="National Museum of Rural Life">National Museum of Rural Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highland_Show" title="Royal Highland Show">Royal Highland Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highland_Centre" title="Royal Highland Centre">Royal Highland Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agricultural_buildings_in_Scotland" title="Category:Agricultural buildings in Scotland">Agricultural buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Scotland" title="History of agriculture in Scotland">History of agriculture in Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Science and research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton_Institute" title="James Hutton Institute">James Hutton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moredun_Research_Institute" title="Moredun Research Institute">Moredun Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SASA_(Scottish_Government)" title="SASA (Scottish Government)">SASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crofting_Commission" title="Crofting Commission">Crofting Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Land_Commission" title="Scottish Land Commission">Scottish Land Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Land_Court" title="Scottish Land Court">Scottish Land Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Land_Fund" title="Scottish Land Fund">Scottish Land Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Outdoor_Access_Code" title="Scottish Outdoor Access Code">Scottish Outdoor Access Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_allocation_decision_support_system" title="Land allocation decision support system">Land allocation decision support system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Scottish<br />animal breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cattle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Angus" title="Aberdeen Angus">Aberdeen Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayrshire_cattle" title="Ayrshire cattle">Ayrshire cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Shorthorn" title="Beef Shorthorn">Beef Shorthorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belted_Galloway" title="Belted Galloway">Belted Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloway_cattle" title="Galloway cattle">Galloway cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_cattle" title="Highland cattle">Highland cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luing_cattle" title="Luing cattle">Luing cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_cattle" title="Shetland cattle">Shetland cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebred_Shorthorn" title="Whitebred Shorthorn">Whitebred Shorthorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sheep</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Cheviot" title="Border Cheviot">Border Cheviot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boreray_sheep" title="Boreray sheep">Boreray sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlemilk_Moorit" title="Castlemilk Moorit">Castlemilk Moorit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheviot_sheep" title="Cheviot sheep">Cheviot sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_sheep" title="Hebridean sheep">Hebridean sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Cheviot" title="North Country Cheviot">North Country Cheviot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ronaldsay_sheep" title="North Ronaldsay sheep">North Ronaldsay sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Blackface" title="Scottish Blackface">Scottish Blackface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Dunface" title="Scottish Dunface">Scottish Dunface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_sheep" title="Shetland sheep">Shetland sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soay_sheep" title="Soay sheep">Soay sheep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chicken</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scots_Dumpy" title="Scots Dumpy">Scots Dumpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_Grey" title="Scots Grey">Scots Grey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Category:Agriculture in Scotland">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Scotland567" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Scotland" title="Template:Economy of Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Scotland" title="Template talk:Economy of Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Scotland567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy of Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland" title="Economic history of Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Scotland" title="List of companies of Scotland">List of companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="State-owned enterprises of the United Kingdom">State-owned companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Scotland" title="Taxation in Scotland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_rates_in_Scotland" title="Business rates in Scotland">Business rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Services_District" title="International Financial Services District">International Financial Services District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Banking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Bank" title="Clydesdale Bank">Clydesdale Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Scotland">Banking and finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Scotland" title="List of banks in Scotland">List of banks in Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK-wide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Other commercial banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK-wide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">UK-wide Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett_formula" title="Barnett formula">Barnett formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">UK Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_company_law" title="United Kingdom company law">Company law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business_and_Trade" title="Department for Business and Trade">Department for Business and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Conduct_Authority" title="Financial Conduct Authority">Financial Conduct Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-edged_securities" title="Gilt-edged securities">Gilts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs" title="HM Revenue and Customs">HM Revenue and Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_Management_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Debt Management Office (United Kingdom)">Debt Management Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Monetary Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Budget_Responsibility" title="Office for Budget Responsibility">Office for Budget Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Statistics_Authority" title="UK Statistics Authority">UK Statistics Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment" title="UK Trade & Investment">UK Trade & Investment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_for_Finance_and_Local_Government" title="Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government">Cabinet Secretary for Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Scotland" title="Revenue Scotland">Revenue Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Expenditure_and_Revenue_Scotland" title="Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland">Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Committees of the Scottish Parliament">Committees of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_Scottish_Parliament#Current_committees" title="Committees of the Scottish Parliament">Finance and Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_Scottish_Parliament#Current_committees" title="Committees of the Scottish Parliament">Public Audit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Scots law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Scotland" title="Audit Scotland">Audit Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_General_for_Scotland" title="Auditor General for Scotland">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enterprise" title="Scottish Enterprise">Scottish Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_for_Development_and_Industry" title="Scottish Council for Development and Industry">Scottish Council for Development and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers_(Scotland)" title="Council of Economic Advisers (Scotland)">Council of Economic Advisers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers_(Scotland)" title="Council of Economic Advisers (Scotland)">Advisory Council for Economic Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Localised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aberdeen" title="Economy of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Edinburgh" title="Economy of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Glasgow" title="Economy of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">People<br />and labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_billionaires" title="Category:Scottish billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_businesspeople" title="Category:Scottish businesspeople">Businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li>Business schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_School_of_Economics_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Smith School of Economics and Finance">Adam Smith School of Economics and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Business_School" title="Edinburgh Business School">Edinburgh Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_School_for_Business_and_Society" title="Glasgow School for Business and Society">Glasgow School for Business and Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_Business_School" title="Strathclyde Business School">Strathclyde Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School" title="University of Edinburgh Business School">University of Edinburgh Business School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_labour_law" title="United Kingdom labour law">UK Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_employment_equality_law" title="United Kingdom employment equality law">UK equality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Wage_Act_1998" title="National Minimum Wage Act 1998">UK Minimum wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pensions in the United Kingdom">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">Trades unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Scottish Trades Union Congress">Scottish Trades Union Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Scotland" title="Unemployment in Scotland">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_brands" title="Category:Scottish brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Scottish inventions and discoveries">Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ScottishPower" title="ScottishPower">ScottishPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Scotland" title="Energy policy of Scotland">Energy policy of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Energy_Scotland" title="Local Energy Scotland">Local Energy Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_Energy_Scotland" title="Wave Energy Scotland">Wave Energy Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_in_Scotland" title="Oil industry in Scotland">Oil industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Food and drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Scotland" title="Beer in Scotland">Beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Scotland" title="Water supply and sanitation in Scotland">Water supply and sanitation in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland#Heavy_industry" title="Economy of Scotland">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Scotland" title="Forestry in Scotland">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland#Science,_technology_and_energy" title="Scotland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Scotland" title="Housing in Scotland">Housing and construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland" title="Architecture of Scotland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom">Supermarkets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VisitScotland" title="VisitScotland">VisitScotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Scotland" title="Space industry of Scotland">Space industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic impacts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_Brexit" title="Economic effects of Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of recessions in the United Kingdom">Recessions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Economic proposals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_fiscal_autonomy_for_Scotland_and_Wales" title="Full fiscal autonomy for Scotland and Wales">Full fiscal autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence#Fiscal_balance" title="Scottish independence">Full independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_dividend" title="Union dividend">Union dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_business_theorists" title="Category:Scottish business theorists">Theorists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" 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