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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Laurents</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="آرتور لورنتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرتور لورنتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%A1%9C%EB%9F%B0%EC%B8%A0" title="아서 로런츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아서 로런츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ارثر لاورينتس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارثر لاورينتس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81,_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80" title="Лорентс, Артур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лорентс, Артур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arthur Laurents" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q710334#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="View the content page [c]" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American playwright, theatre director and screenwriter (1917–2011)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Arthur Laurents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Laurents,_director_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laurents in 1983"><img alt="Laurents in 1983" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Arthur_Laurents%2C_director_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg/220px-Arthur_Laurents%2C_director_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Arthur_Laurents%2C_director_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg/330px-Arthur_Laurents%2C_director_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Arthur_Laurents%2C_director_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg/440px-Arthur_Laurents%2C_director_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="1003" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Laurents in 1983</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Arthur Levine<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1917-07-14</span>)</span>July 14, 1917<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">May 5, 2011<span style="display:none">(2011-05-05)</span> (aged 93)<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Quogue,_New_York" title="Quogue, New York">Quogue, New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-John_M._Clum_2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_M._Clum_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Playwright</li><li>theatre director</li><li>film producer</li><li>screenwriter</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1945–2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1968 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Tony Award for Best Musical</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_Baby!" title="Hallelujah, Baby!">Hallelujah, Baby!</a></i><br />1975 <a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Director_of_a_Musical" title="Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical">Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i><br />1977 <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay">Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(1977_film)" title="The Turning Point (1977 film)">The Turning Point</a></i><br />1984 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical">Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage aux Folles</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Tom Hatcher (<abbr title="cohabited">co.</abbr> 1954; <abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2006)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arthur Laurents</b> (July 14, 1917 – May 5, 2011) was an American playwright, theatre director, film producer and screenwriter.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a career spanning seven decades he received numerous accolades including two <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award" title="Drama Desk Award">Drama Desk Award</a>, and nominations for two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, two <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Awards">BAFTA Awards</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a>. </p><p>After writing scripts for radio shows after college and then <a href="/wiki/Training_film" title="Training film">training films</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Laurents turned to writing for <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>, producing a body of work that includes <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> (1957), <i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> (1959), and <i><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_Baby!" title="Hallelujah, Baby!">Hallelujah, Baby!</a></i> (1967), winning the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Tony Award for Best Musical</a> for the latter. He directed the musical <i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage aux Folles</a></i> in 1983 and received the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical">Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical</a>. </p><p>Laurents also worked as a screenwriter on <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> films such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(film)" title="Rope (film)">Rope</a></i> (1948), <i><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_(1956_film)" title="Anastasia (1956 film)">Anastasia</a></i> (1956), <i><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_Tristesse_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonjour Tristesse (film)">Bonjour Tristesse</a></i> (1958) and <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a>'s romance <i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were" title="The Way We Were">The Way We Were</a></i> (1973). He received two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominations for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a> drama film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(1977_film)" title="The Turning Point (1977 film)">The Turning Point</a></i> (1977). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born <b>Arthur Levine</b>, Laurents was the son of middle-class Jewish parents, his father a lawyer and his mother a schoolteacher, who gave up her career when she married.<sup id="cite_ref-Mag_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mag-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born and raised in the <a href="/wiki/Flatbush,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush, Brooklyn">Flatbush</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough of New York City</a>, New York, the elder of two children, and attended <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Hall_High_School" title="Erasmus Hall High School">Erasmus Hall High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sister Edith suffered from <a href="/wiki/Chorea_(disease)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorea (disease)">chorea</a> as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His paternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jews</a>, and his mother's parents, although born Jewish, were <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheists</a>. His mother kept a <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a> home for her husband's sake, but was lax about attending synagogue and observing the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish holiday">Jewish holidays</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Bar_and_Bat_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar and Bat Mitzvah">Bar Mitzvah</a> marked the end of Laurents's religious education and the beginning of his rejection of all fundamentalist religions,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although he continued to identify himself as Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, late in life he admitted to having changed his last name from Levine to the less Jewish-sounding Laurents, "to get a job."<sup id="cite_ref-Mag_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mag-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating from <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, Laurents took an evening class in radio writing at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_N._Robson" title="William N. Robson">William N. Robson</a>, his instructor, a <a href="/wiki/CBS_Radio" title="CBS Radio">CBS Radio</a> director/producer, submitted his script <i>Now Playing Tomorrow</i>, a comedic fantasy about <a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">clairvoyance</a>, to the network, and it was produced in the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Workshop" title="Columbia Workshop">Columbia Workshop</a> series on January 30, 1939, with <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Booth" title="Shirley Booth">Shirley Booth</a> in the lead role. It was Laurents' first professional credit. The show's success led to him being hired to write scripts for various radio shows, among them <i><a href="/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lux Radio Theater">Lux Radio Theater</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurents' career was interrupted when he was drafted into the U.S. Army in the middle of World War II. Through a series of clerical errors, he never saw battle, but instead was assigned to the U.S. Army Pictorial Service located in a <a href="/wiki/Kaufman_Astoria_Studios" title="Kaufman Astoria Studios">film studio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Queens" title="Astoria, Queens">Astoria, Queens</a>, where he wrote <a href="/wiki/Training_film" title="Training film">training films</a> and met, among others, <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a>. He later was reassigned to write plays for <i>Armed Service Force Presents</i>, a radio show that dramatized the contributions of all branches of the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvey_Fierstein,_Jerry_Herman,_Arthur_Laurents,_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Harvey_Fierstein%2C_Jerry_Herman%2C_Arthur_Laurents%2C_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg/220px-Harvey_Fierstein%2C_Jerry_Herman%2C_Arthur_Laurents%2C_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Harvey_Fierstein%2C_Jerry_Herman%2C_Arthur_Laurents%2C_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg/330px-Harvey_Fierstein%2C_Jerry_Herman%2C_Arthur_Laurents%2C_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Harvey_Fierstein%2C_Jerry_Herman%2C_Arthur_Laurents%2C_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg/440px-Harvey_Fierstein%2C_Jerry_Herman%2C_Arthur_Laurents%2C_La_Cage_aux_Folles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption>Left to right:<a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fierstein" title="Harvey Fierstein">Harvey Fierstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a>, Arthur Laurents, creators of the musical <i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage Aux Folles</a></i>, in front of the Palace theater where it is playing, 1983</figcaption></figure> <p>According to John Clum, "Laurents was always a mirror of his times. Through his best work, one sees a staged history of leftist, gender, and gay politics in the decades after World War II."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating from <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> in 1937, Laurents, who was gay, went to work as a writer for radio drama at <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> in New York. His military duties during World War II, which consisted of writing training films and radio scripts for <i>Armed Service Force Presents</i>, brought him into contact with some of the best film directors—distinguished director George Cukor directed his first script. Laurents's work in radio and film during World War II was an excellent apprenticeship for a budding playwright and screenwriter. He also had the good fortune to be based in New York City. His first stage play, <i>Home of the Brave</i>, was produced in 1945. The sale of the play to a film studio gave Laurents the entrée he needed to become a <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> screenwriter though he continued, with mixed success, to write plays. The most important of his early screenplays is his adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(film)" title="Rope (film)">Rope</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after being discharged from the Army, Laurents met ballerina <a href="/wiki/Nora_Kaye" title="Nora Kaye">Nora Kaye</a>, and the two became involved in an on-again, off-again romantic relationship. While Kaye was on tour with <i><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Free_(ballet)" title="Fancy Free (ballet)">Fancy Free</a></i>, Laurents continued to write for the radio but was becoming discontented with the medium. In 1962, Laurents directed <i><a href="/wiki/I_Can_Get_It_for_You_Wholesale" title="I Can Get It for You Wholesale">I Can Get It for You Wholesale</a></i>, which helped to turn then-unknown <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> into a star. His next project was the stage musical <i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a></i>, which he directed and for which he wrote the book, but it proved to be an infamous flop. He later had success with the musicals <i><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_Baby!" title="Hallelujah, Baby!">Hallelujah, Baby!</a></i> (written for <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but ultimately starring <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Uggams" title="Leslie Uggams">Leslie Uggams</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage Aux Folles</a></i> (1983), which he directed, however <i><a href="/wiki/Nick_%26_Nora_(musical)" title="Nick & Nora (musical)">Nick & Nora</a></i> was not successful. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_laurents.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Arthur_laurents.JPG/220px-Arthur_laurents.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Arthur_laurents.JPG/330px-Arthur_laurents.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Arthur_laurents.JPG/440px-Arthur_laurents.JPG 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption>Laurents in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2008, Laurents directed a Broadway revival of <i>Gypsy</i> starring <a href="/wiki/Patti_LuPone" title="Patti LuPone">Patti LuPone</a>, and in 2009, he tackled a bilingual revival of <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i>, with Spanish translations of some dialogue and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a>. While preparing <i>West Side Story</i>, he noted, "The musical theatre and cultural conventions of 1957 made it next to impossible for the characters to have authenticity."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the production's March 19 opening at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(Broadway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace Theatre (Broadway)">Palace Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Brantley" title="Ben Brantley">Ben Brantley</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> called the translations "an only partly successful experiment" and added, "Mr. Laurents has exchanged insolence for innocence and, as with most such bargains, there are dividends and losses."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national tour (2011–2012) was directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Saint" title="David Saint">David Saint</a>, who was Laurents' assistant director on the Broadway production. The Spanish lyrics and dialog were reduced from about 18% of the total to about 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hollywood">Hollywood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hollywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laurents' first Hollywood experience proved to be a frustrating disappointment. Director <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Litvak" title="Anatole Litvak">Anatole Litvak</a>, unhappy with the script submitted by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Partos" title="Frank Partos">Frank Partos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millen_Brand" title="Millen Brand">Millen Brand</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snake_Pit" title="The Snake Pit">The Snake Pit</a></i> (1948), hired Laurents to rewrite it. Partos and Brand later insisted the bulk of the shooting script was theirs, and produced carbon copies of many of the pages Laurents actually had written to bolster their claim. Having destroyed the original script and all his notes and rewritten pages after completing the project, Laurents had no way to prove most of the work was his, and the <a href="/wiki/WGA_screenwriting_credit_system" title="WGA screenwriting credit system">Writers Guild of America</a> denied him screen credit. Brand later confessed he and Partos had copied scenes written by Laurents and apologized for his role in the deception. Four decades later, Laurents learned he was ineligible for WGA health benefits because he had failed to accumulate enough credits to qualify. He was short by one, the one he failed to get for <i>The Snake Pit</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon hearing <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> executives were pleased with Laurents' work on <i>The Snake Pit</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> hired him for his next project, the film <i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(film)" title="Rope (film)">Rope</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>. Hitchcock wanted Laurents to Americanize the British play <i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(play)" title="Rope (play)">Rope</a></i> (1929) by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hamilton_(writer)" title="Patrick Hamilton (writer)">Patrick Hamilton</a> for the screen. With his then-lover <a href="/wiki/Farley_Granger" title="Farley Granger">Farley Granger</a> set to star, Laurents was happy to accept the assignment. His dilemma was how to make the audience aware of the fact the three main characters were homosexual without blatantly saying so. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Motion_Picture_Production_Code_of_1930" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Motion Picture Production Code of 1930">The Hays Office</a> kept close tabs on his work, and the final script was so discreet that Laurents was unsure whether co-star James Stewart ever realized that his character was gay.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later years, Hitchcock asked him to script both <i><a href="/wiki/Torn_Curtain" title="Torn Curtain">Torn Curtain</a></i> (1966) and <i><a href="/wiki/Topaz_(1969_film)" title="Topaz (1969 film)">Topaz</a></i> (1969), However, Laurents, in both cases unenthused by the material, declined the offers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laurents also scripted <i><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_(1956_film)" title="Anastasia (1956 film)">Anastasia</a></i> (1956) and <i><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_Tristesse_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonjour Tristesse (film)">Bonjour Tristesse</a></i> (1958). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were" title="The Way We Were">The Way We Were</a></i> (1973), in which he incorporated many of his own experiences, particularly those with the HUAC, reunited him with Barbra Streisand, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(1977_film)" title="The Turning Point (1977 film)">The Turning Point</a></i> (1977), inspired in part by his love for Nora Kaye, was directed by her husband <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a>. The Fox animated feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_(1997_film)" title="Anastasia (1997 film)">Anastasia</a></i> (1997) was based in part on his screenplay of the live-action 1956 film of the same title.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blacklist">Blacklist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Blacklist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of a casual remark made by <a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a>, Laurents was called to Washington, D.C., to account for his political views.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He explained himself to the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>, and his appearance had no obvious impact on his career, which at the time was primarily in the theatre. When the <a href="/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Act" title="McCarran Internal Security Act">McCarran Internal Security Act</a>, which prohibited individuals suspected of engaging in subversive activities from obtaining a passport, was passed in 1950, Laurents and Granger immediately applied for and received passports and departed for Paris with <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clurman" title="Harold Clurman">Harold Clurman</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Stella_Adler" title="Stella Adler">Stella Adler</a>. Laurents and Granger remained abroad, traveling throughout Europe and northern Africa, for about 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Years earlier, Laurents and <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> had developed <i>Look Ma, I'm Dancin'!</i> (1948), a stage musical about the world of ballet that ran for 188 performances on Broadway, and starred <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Walker" title="Nancy Walker">Nancy Walker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lang_(dancer)" title="Harold Lang (dancer)">Harold Lang</a>. Laurents left the project, however, and the musical was ultimately produced with a book by <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Lawrence" title="Jerome Lawrence">Jerome Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Edwin Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Robbins approached <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> about directing a screen version, the studio agreed as long as Laurents was not part of the package. </p><p>It was only then that Laurents learned he officially had been <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">blacklisted</a>, primarily because a review of <i>Home of the Brave</i> had been published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Worker" title="Daily Worker">Daily Worker</a></i>. He decided to return to Paris, but the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a> refused to renew his passport. Laurents spent three months trying to clear his name, and after submitting a lengthy letter explaining his political beliefs in detail, it was determined they were so idiosyncratic he could not have been a member of any subversive groups. Within a week his passport was renewed, and the following day he sailed for Europe on the <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Ile_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Ile de France">Ile de France</a></i>. While on board, he received a cable from <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> offering him a screenwriting assignment. The blacklisting had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memoirs">Memoirs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Memoirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laurents wrote <i>Original Story By Arthur Laurents: A Memoir of Broadway and Hollywood</i>, published in 2000. In it, he discusses his lengthy career and his many gay affairs and long-term relationships, including those with <a href="/wiki/Farley_Granger" title="Farley Granger">Farley Granger</a> and Tom Hatcher (August 24, 1929 - October 26, 2006). Hatcher was an aspiring actor whom <a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a> suggested Laurents seek out at the <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Hills">Beverly Hills</a> men's clothing store Hatcher was managing at the time. The couple remained together for 52 years until Hatcher's death on October 26, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laurents wrote <i>Mainly on Directing: Gypsy, West Side Story and Other Musicals</i>, published in 2009, in which he discussed musicals he directed and the work of other directors he admired. </p><p>His last memoir titled <i>The Rest of the Story</i> was published posthumously in September 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laurents died from complications of pneumonia at his home in Manhattan on May 5, 2011, aged 93.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a long tradition, Broadway theatre lights were dimmed at 8 p.m. on May 6, 2011, for one minute in his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His ashes were buried alongside those of Tom Hatcher in a memorial bench in Quogue, Long Island, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-John_M._Clum_2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_M._Clum_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Musicals</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> – 1957 – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony</a> Nomination for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Best Musical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> – 1959 – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony</a> Nomination for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Best Musical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a></i> – 1964</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz%3F" title="Do I Hear a Waltz?">Do I Hear a Waltz?</a></i> – 1965</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_Baby!" title="Hallelujah, Baby!">Hallelujah, Baby!</a></i> – 1967 – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Tony Award for Best Musical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Madwoman_of_Central_Park_West" title="The Madwoman of Central Park West">The Madwoman of Central Park West</a></i> – 1979</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_%26_Nora_(musical)" title="Nick & Nora (musical)">Nick & Nora</a></i> – 1991</li></ul> <dl><dt>Novels</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Way_We_Were_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Way We Were (novel) (page does not exist)">The Way We Were</a></i> – 1972; <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a> (New York City)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Turning_Point_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Turning Point (novel) (page does not exist)">The Turning Point</a></i> – 1977; <a href="/wiki/New_American_Library" title="New American Library">New American Library</a> (New York City); <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11014907">11014907</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Plays</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_of_the_Brave_(play)" title="Home of the Brave (play)">Home of the Brave</a></i> – 1945</li> <li><i>The Bird Cage</i> – 1950</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_the_Cuckoo" title="The Time of the Cuckoo">The Time of the Cuckoo</a></i> – 1952</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Clearing_in_the_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Clearing in the Woods (page does not exist)">A Clearing in the Woods</a></i> – 1957</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invitation_to_a_March&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invitation to a March (page does not exist)">Invitation to a March</a></i> – 1960</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directing">Directing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Directing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invitation_to_a_March&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invitation to a March (page does not exist)">Invitation to a March</a></i> – 1960</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Can_Get_It_for_You_Wholesale" title="I Can Get It for You Wholesale">I Can Get It for You Wholesale</a></i> – 1962</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a></i> – 1964</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> – 1974 – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony</a> Nomination for Best Direction of a Musical</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Madwoman_of_Central_Park_West" title="The Madwoman of Central Park West">The Madwoman of Central Park West</a></i> – 1979</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage aux Folles</a></i> – 1983 – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for Best Direction of a Musical</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_%26_Nora_(musical)" title="Nick & Nora (musical)">Nick & Nora</a></i> – 1991</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> - 1998 Prince Edward theatre London</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> – 2008 – Tony Award nomination as Best Director of a Musical</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> – 2009 Broadway Revival</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_credits">Additional credits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Additional credits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i>Anna Lucasta</i> (screenwriter)</li> <li><i>A Clearing in the Woods</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>Invitation to a March</i> (playwright, director)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Madwoman_of_Central_Park_West" title="The Madwoman of Central Park West">The Madwoman of Central Park West</a></i> (playwright, director)</li> <li><i>My Good Name</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>Jolson Sings Again</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>The Enclave</i> (playwright, director)</li> <li><i>Radical Mystique</i> (playwright, director)</li> <li><i>Big Potato</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>Two Lives</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>My Good Name</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>Claudia Lazlo</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>Attacks on the Heart</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>2 Lives</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>New Year's Eve</i> (playwright)</li> <li><i>Come Back, Come Back, Wherever You Are</i> (playwright, director)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caught_(1949_film)" title="Caught (1949 film)">Caught</a></i> (screenwriter)</li> <li><i>Rope</i> (screenwriter)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#bcbcbc;">Year </th> <th style="background:#bcbcbc;">Award </th> <th style="background:#bcbcbc;">Category </th> <th style="background:#bcbcbc;">Work </th> <th style="background:#bcbcbc;">Result </th> <th style="background:#bcbcbc;">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/50th_Academy_Awards" title="50th Academy Awards">1977</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(1977_film)" title="The Turning Point (1977 film)">The Turning Point</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="11th British Academy Film Awards">1957</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay">Best British Screenplay</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_(1956_film)" title="Anastasia (1956 film)">Anastasia</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="12th British Academy Film Awards">1958</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_Tristesse_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonjour Tristesse (film)">Bonjour Tristesse</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award" title="Drama Desk Award">Drama Desk Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Director_of_a_Musical" title="Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical">Outstanding Director of a Musical</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Awards" title="Edgar Awards">Edgar Allan Poe Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay_winners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay winners">Best Motion Picture</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(film)" title="Rope (film)">Rope</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/35th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="35th Golden Globe Awards">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay">Best Screenplay – Motion Picture</a> </td> <td><i>The Turning Point</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Awards_1999" title="National Board of Review Awards 1999">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review" title="National Board of Review">National Board of Review Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Screenplay (for career achievement) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/29th_Tony_Awards" title="29th Tony Awards">1975</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical">Best Direction of a Musical</a> </td> <td><i>Gypsy</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/38th_Tony_Awards" title="38th Tony Awards">1984</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage aux Folles</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/62nd_Tony_Awards" title="62nd Tony Awards">2008</a> </td> <td><i>Gypsy</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="26th Writers Guild of America Awards">1973</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America Awards</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Drama – Written Directly for the Screen</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were" title="The Way We Were">The Way We Were</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="30th Writers Guild of America Awards">1977</a> </td> <td><i>The Turning Point</i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b> Honors </b> A new award was established in 2010, The Laurents/Hatcher Foundation Award. This is awarded annually "for an un-produced, full-length play of social relevance by an emerging American playwright." The Laurents/Hatcher Foundation will give $50,000 to the writer with a grant of $100,000 towards production costs at a nonprofit theatre. The first award will be given in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_American_playwrights" title="List of Jewish American playwrights">List of Jewish American playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_novelists_from_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of novelists from the United States">List of novelists from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pneumonia_victims" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pneumonia victims">List of pneumonia victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people from Brooklyn, New York">List of people from Brooklyn, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_playwrights_from_the_United_States" title="List of playwrights from the United States">List of playwrights from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatre_directors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of theatre directors">List of theatre directors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-John_M._Clum_2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_M._Clum_2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_M._Clum_2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John M. Clum. <i>The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal</i>. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/dance-obituaries/8498850/Arthur-Laurents.html">"Obituaries: Arthur Laurents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. May 6, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mag-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mag_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mag_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/arts/theater/profiles/55341/index3.html">"When You’re a Shark You’re a Shark All the Way"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawtree2011" class="citation news cs1">Hawtree, Christopher (May 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2011/may/06/arthur-laurents-obituary">"Arthur Laurents obituary: Playwright and screenwriter who wrote the book for West Side Story"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Arthur+Laurents+obituary%3A+Playwright+and+screenwriter+who+wrote+the+book+for+West+Side+Story&rft.date=2011-05-06&rft.aulast=Hawtree&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2011%2Fmay%2F06%2Farthur-laurents-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Laurents" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutchinson, Bill (May 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2011/05/06/2011-05-06_playwright_behind_west_side_story_and_gypsy_arthur_laurents_dies_at_age_93.html">"Playwright Behind 'West Side Story' and 'Gypsy,' Arthur Laurents, Dies at Age 93"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold, Laurence (May 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-06/arthur-laurents-writer-of-west-side-story-gypsy-scripts-dies-at-93.html">"Arthur Laurents, Writer of 'West Side Story,' 'Gypsy' Scripts, Dies at 93"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg News</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, Arthur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0XbXeMf8LOsC&q=Chorea&pg=PA34">"Beginnings"</a> <i>Original Story By Arthur Laurents: A Memoir of Broadway and Hollywood</i>, Hal Leonard Corporation, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55783-467-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55783-467-9">1-55783-467-9</a>, pp. 10–11, 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, Arthur. <i>Original Story By</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf (2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40055-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40055-9">0-375-40055-9</a>, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, pp. 22–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clum, John, "The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal", November 2014, Cambria Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1604978848" title="Special:BookSources/1604978848">1604978848</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clum, John, "The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Kenneth (July 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/119539.html">"'West Side Story', This Time With Bilingual Approach, Will Return to Broadway in February 2009"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907052633/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/119539.html">Archived</a> 2008-09-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brantley, Ben (March 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theater2.nytimes.com/2009/03/20/theater/reviews/20west.html">"Our Gangs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berson, M. (January 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2017161274_westside08.html">"'West Side Story': A classic revived"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112034307/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2017161274_westside08.html">Archived</a> January 12, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Times">Seattle Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, pp. 106–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, pp. 115–116, 124–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.bcdb.com/forum/West_Side_Story_author_Arthur_Laurents_dies_93_P112699/">"West Side Story Author Arthur Laurents Dies, 93"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709071003/http://forum.bcdb.com/forum/West_Side_Story_author_Arthur_Laurents_dies_93_P112699/">Archived</a> July 9, 2012, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> forum.bcdb.com. May 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, pp. 165–190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaill, Amanda (2006). <i>Somewhere: The Life of Jerome Robbins</i>, Random House, Inc. p. 135. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7679-0420-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7679-0420-6">0-7679-0420-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=1648">"'Look Ma, I'm Dancin' listing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurents, pp. 286–289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.backstage.com/bso/news_reviews/other_news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003345921">"Backstage.com obituary, November 1, 2006"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Backstage_(magazine)" title="Backstage (magazine)">Backstage</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berkvist, Robert (May 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/arts/arthur-laurents-playwright-and-director-dies-at-93.html">"Arthur Laurents, Playwright and Director on Broadway, Dies at 93"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Kenneth (May 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/150601-Broadway-Lights-Will-Dim-May-6-in-Memory-of-Arthur-Laurents">"Broadway Lights Will Dim May 6 in Memory of Arthur Laurents"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021033350/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/150601-Broadway-Lights-Will-Dim-May-6-in-Memory-of-Arthur-Laurents">Archived</a> October 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978">"The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+50th+Academy+Awards+%281978%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Laurents" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBAFTA1958" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awards.bafta.org/award/1958/film">"BAFTA Awards: Film in 1958"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a></i>. 1958<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Tony+Awards&rft.pub=Tony+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tonyawards.com%2Fwinners%2Fyear%2F2008%2Fcategory%2Fany%2Fshow%2Fany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Laurents" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205095022/http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551">"Awards Winners"</a>. <i>wga.org</i>. Writers Guild of America. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551">the original</a> on 2012-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wga.org&rft.atitle=Awards+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wga.org%2Fawards%2Fawardssub.aspx%3Fid%3D1551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Laurents" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gans, Andrew (June 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/140016-New-Award-Named-for-Arthur-Laurents-and-His-Partner-the-Late-Tom-Hatcher">"New Award Named for Arthur Laurents and His Partner, the Late Tom Hatcher"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605000733/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/140016-New-Award-Named-for-Arthur-Laurents-and-His-Partner-the-Late-Tom-Hatcher">Archived</a> June 5, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Laurents, Arthur (2000). <i>Original Story by Arthur Laurents: A Memoir of Broadway and Hollywood</i>. New York: Knopf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40055-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40055-9">0-375-40055-9</a>.</li> <li>Laurents, Arthur (2009). <i>Mainly on Directing: Gypsy, West Side Story, and Other Musicals</i>. New York: Knopf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-307-27088-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-307-27088-2">0-307-27088-2</a>.</li> <li>Clum, John (2014). <i>The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal</i>. Amherst, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cambria_Press" title="Cambria Press">Cambria Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60497-884-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60497-884-1">978-1-60497-884-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Laurents&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-width:1px; border-color:#E0E0E0; width:20em; background-color:#FFF; margin:0.2em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:1.2em; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Archives at</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Music_Division,_Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Division, Library of Congress">Music Division, Library of Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu012022">Arthur Laurents Papers, circa 1900-2011</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #E0E0E0;"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Archival_material" title="Help:Archival material">How to use archival material</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/4307">Arthur Laurents</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710334#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051105163005/http://www.lortel.org/lla_archive/index.cfm?search_by=people&first=Arthur&middle=&last=Laurents">Arthur Laurents at the Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0491306/">Arthur Laurents</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203171127/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/arthur_laurents">American Theatre Wing biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL29312A">Works by Arthur Laurents</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710334#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthur_Laurents" title="Template:Arthur Laurents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthur_Laurents" title="Template talk:Arthur Laurents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthur_Laurents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthur Laurents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Arthur_Laurents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Laurents</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz%3F" title="Do I Hear a Waltz?">Do I Hear a Waltz?</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_Baby!" title="Hallelujah, Baby!">Hallelujah, Baby!</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Madwoman_of_Central_Park_West" title="The Madwoman of Central Park West">The Madwoman of Central Park West</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_%26_Nora_(musical)" title="Nick & Nora (musical)">Nick & Nora</a></i> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_of_the_Brave_(play)" title="Home of the Brave (play)">Home of the Brave</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_the_Cuckoo" title="The Time of the Cuckoo">The Time of the Cuckoo</a></i> (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(film)" title="Rope (film)">Rope</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caught_(1949_film)" title="Caught (1949 film)">Caught</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_(1956_film)" title="Anastasia (1956 film)">Anastasia</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_Tristesse_(1958_film)" title="Bonjour Tristesse (1958 film)">Bonjour Tristesse</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were" title="The Way We Were">The Way We Were</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(1977_film)" title="The Turning Point (1977 film)">The Turning Point</a></i> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Can_Get_It_for_You_Wholesale" title="I Can Get It for You Wholesale">I Can Get It for You Wholesale</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Madwoman_of_Central_Park_West" title="The Madwoman of Central Park West">The Madwoman of Central Park West</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage aux Folles</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Paradise_(musical)" title="Birds of Paradise (musical)">Birds of Paradise</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_%26_Nora_(musical)" title="Nick & Nora (musical)">Nick & Nora</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Arthur_Laurents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Arthur_Laurents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Arthur Laurents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Director_of_a_Musical" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D7F1D7;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DramaDesk_MusicalDirection" title="Template:DramaDesk MusicalDirection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DramaDesk_MusicalDirection" title="Template talk:DramaDesk MusicalDirection"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DramaDesk_MusicalDirection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DramaDesk MusicalDirection"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Director_of_a_Musical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Director_of_a_Musical" title="Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical">Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D7F1D7;;width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Laurents</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Charnin" title="Martin Charnin">Martin Charnin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Masterson" title="Peter Masterson">Peter Masterson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Leach" title="Wilford Leach">Wilford Leach</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a> (1984)</li> <li>No Award (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Leach" title="Wilford Leach">Wilford Leach</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Ockrent" title="Mike Ockrent">Mike Ockrent</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Ellis" title="Scott Ellis">Scott Ellis</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Zaks" title="Jerry Zaks">Jerry Zaks</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_McAnuff" title="Des McAnuff">Des McAnuff</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Renshaw" title="Christopher Renshaw">Christopher Renshaw</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bobbie" title="Walter Bobbie">Walter Bobbie</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Taymor" title="Julie Taymor">Julie Taymor</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bourne" title="Matthew Bourne">Matthew Bourne</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blakemore" title="Michael Blakemore">Michael Blakemore</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D7F1D7;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayer_(director)" title="Michael Mayer (director)">Michael Mayer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mantello" title="Joe Mantello">Joe Mantello</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayer_(director)" title="Michael Mayer (director)">Michael Mayer</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Sher" title="Bartlett Sher">Bartlett Sher</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daldry" title="Stephen Daldry">Stephen Daldry</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayer_(director)" title="Michael Mayer (director)">Michael Mayer</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Nicholaw" title="Casey Nicholaw">Casey Nicholaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tiffany" title="John Tiffany">John Tiffany</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Paulus" title="Diane Paulus">Diane Paulus</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darko_Tresnjak" title="Darko Tresnjak">Darko Tresnjak</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kail" title="Thomas Kail">Thomas Kail</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Sher" title="Bartlett Sher">Bartlett Sher</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Chavkin" title="Rachel Chavkin">Rachel Chavkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Cromer" title="David Cromer">David Cromer</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Landau" title="Tina Landau">Tina Landau</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Chavkin" title="Rachel Chavkin">Rachel Chavkin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Brackett" title="Stephen Brackett">Stephen Brackett</a> (2020)</li> <li>No Award (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Elliott" title="Marianne Elliott">Marianne Elliott</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kail" title="Thomas Kail">Thomas Kail</a> (2023)</li> <li>Jessica Stone (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TonyAward_MusicalDirection" title="Template:TonyAward MusicalDirection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TonyAward_MusicalDirection" title="Template talk:TonyAward MusicalDirection"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_MusicalDirection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward MusicalDirection"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical">Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1960–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Burrows" title="Abe Burrows">Abe Burrows</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Marre" title="Albert Marre">Albert Marre</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Hunt" title="Peter H. Hunt">Peter H. Hunt</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Field" title="Ron Field">Ron Field</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Holder" title="Geoffrey Holder">Geoffrey Holder</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Saks" title="Gene Saks">Gene Saks</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Maltby_Jr." title="Richard Maltby Jr.">Richard Maltby Jr.</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Leach" title="Wilford Leach">Wilford Leach</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Nunn" title="Trevor Nunn">Trevor Nunn</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Laurents</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_McAnuff" title="Des McAnuff">Des McAnuff</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Leach" title="Wilford Leach">Wilford Leach</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Nunn" title="Trevor Nunn">Trevor Nunn</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Caird_(director)" title="John Caird (director)">John Caird</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Zaks" title="Jerry Zaks">Jerry Zaks</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_McAnuff" title="Des McAnuff">Des McAnuff</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bobbie" title="Walter Bobbie">Walter Bobbie</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Taymor" title="Julie Taymor">Julie Taymor</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bourne" title="Matthew Bourne">Matthew Bourne</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blakemore" title="Michael Blakemore">Michael Blakemore</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rando" title="John Rando">John Rando</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mantello" title="Joe Mantello">Joe Mantello</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayer_(director)" title="Michael Mayer (director)">Michael Mayer</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Sher" title="Bartlett Sher">Bartlett Sher</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daldry" title="Stephen Daldry">Stephen Daldry</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Johnson_(dramatist)" title="Terry Johnson (dramatist)">Terry Johnson</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Nicholaw" title="Casey Nicholaw">Casey Nicholaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tiffany" title="John Tiffany">John Tiffany</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Paulus" title="Diane Paulus">Diane Paulus</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darko_Tresnjak" title="Darko Tresnjak">Darko Tresnjak</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gold" title="Sam Gold">Sam Gold</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kail" title="Thomas Kail">Thomas Kail</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ashley" title="Christopher Ashley">Christopher Ashley</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cromer" title="David Cromer">David Cromer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Chavkin" title="Rachel Chavkin">Rachel Chavkin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Timbers" title="Alex Timbers">Alex Timbers</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Elliott" title="Marianne Elliott">Marianne Elliott</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arden" title="Michael Arden">Michael Arden</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danya_Taymor" title="Danya Taymor">Danya Taymor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Template:Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay">Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Drama <br /> (1969–1983)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> & <a href="/wiki/Edmund_H._North" title="Edmund H. North">Edmund H. North</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Larner" title="Jeremy Larner">Jeremy Larner</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Shagan" title="Steve Shagan">Steve Shagan</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Laurents</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Dowd" title="Nancy Dowd">Nancy Dowd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Jones" title="Robert C. Jones">Robert C. Jones</a> & <a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gray" title="Mike Gray">Mike Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._S._Cook" title="T. S. Cook">T. S. Cook</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_Bridges" title="James Bridges">James Bridges</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> & <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Griffiths" title="Trevor Griffiths">Trevor Griffiths</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Mathison" title="Melissa Mathison">Melissa Mathison</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Comedy <br /> (1969–1983)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> & <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tucker_(screenwriter)" title="Larry Tucker (screenwriter)">Larry Tucker</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buck_Henry" title="Buck Henry">Buck Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Newman_(screenwriter)" title="David Newman (screenwriter)">David Newman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Frank" title="Melvin Frank">Melvin Frank</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="Jack Rose (screenwriter)">Jack Rose</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Steinberg" title="Norman Steinberg">Norman Steinberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bergman" title="Andrew Bergman">Andrew Bergman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Uger" title="Alan Uger">Alan Uger</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> & <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lancaster" title="Bill Lancaster">Bill Lancaster</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Keller" title="Sheldon Keller">Sheldon Keller</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Meyers" title="Nancy Meyers">Nancy Meyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Miller_(screenwriter)" title="Harvey Miller (screenwriter)">Harvey Miller</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Shyer" title="Charles Shyer">Charles Shyer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gordon_(director)" title="Steve Gordon (director)">Steve Gordon</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_McGuire_(actor)" title="Don McGuire (actor)">Don McGuire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> & <a href="/wiki/Murray_Schisgal" title="Murray Schisgal">Murray Schisgal</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Benedek" title="Barbara Benedek">Barbara Benedek</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Screenplay <br /> (1984–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kelley_(screenwriter)" title="William Kelley (screenwriter)">William Kelley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Wallace" title="Earl W. Wallace">Earl W. Wallace</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Shanley" title="John Patrick Shanley">John Patrick Shanley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Shelton" title="Ron Shelton">Ron Shelton</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callie_Khouri" title="Callie Khouri">Callie Khouri</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Jordan" title="Neil Jordan">Neil Jordan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Wallace" title="Randall Wallace">Randall Wallace</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen & Ethan Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mark_Andrus" title="Mark Andrus">Mark Andrus</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ball_(screenwriter)" title="Alan Ball (screenwriter)">Alan Ball</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bismuth" title="Pierre Bismuth">Pierre Bismuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Gondry" title="Michel Gondry">Michel Gondry</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haggis" title="Paul Haggis">Paul Haggis</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moresco" title="Robert Moresco">Bobby Moresco</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arndt" title="Michael Arndt">Michael Arndt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_Cody" title="Diablo Cody">Diablo Cody</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black" title="Dustin Lance Black">Dustin Lance Black</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Guinness" title="Hugo Guinness">Hugo Guinness</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Josh_Singer" title="Josh Singer">Josh Singer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tarell_Alvin_McCraney" title="Tarell Alvin McCraney">Tarell Alvin McCraney</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Burnham" title="Bo Burnham">Bo Burnham</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> & <a href="/wiki/Han_Jin-won" title="Han Jin-won">Han Jin-won</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Fennell" title="Emerald Fennell">Emerald Fennell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">Adam McKay</a> & <a href="/wiki/David_Sirota" title="David Sirota">David Sirota</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hemingson" title="David Hemingson">David Hemingson</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arthur_Laurents,_Leonard_Bernstein_and_Stephen_Sondheim&#039;s_West_Side_Story_(1957)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Side_Story" title="Template:West Side Story"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Side_Story" title="Template talk:West Side Story"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Side_Story" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Side Story"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arthur_Laurents,_Leonard_Bernstein_and_Stephen_Sondheim&#039;s_West_Side_Story_(1957)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Laurents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> (1957)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inspiration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_Dances_from_West_Side_Story" title="Symphonic Dances from West Side Story">Symphonic Dances from West Side Story</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i> (1961 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_Suite" title="West Side Story Suite">West Side Story Suite</a></i> (1995 ballet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="West Side Story (2021 film)">West Side Story</a></i> (2021 film) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="List of accolades received by West Side Story (2021 film)">accolades</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Swango_(musical)" title="Swango (musical)">Swango</a></i> (2002 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Story" title="West Bank Story">West Bank Story</a></i> (2005 parody film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Act 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Something%27s_Coming_(song)" title="Something's Coming (song)">Something's Coming</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Maria_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Maria (West Side Story song)">Maria</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Tonight (West Side Story song)">Tonight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/America_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="America (West Side Story song)">America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cool_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Cool (West Side Story song)">Cool</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Hand,_One_Heart" title="One Hand, One Heart">One Hand, One Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_Quintet" title="Tonight Quintet">Tonight (Quintet & Chorus)</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Act 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Feel_Pretty" title="I Feel Pretty">I Feel Pretty</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_(song)" title="Somewhere (song)">Somewhere</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gee,_Officer_Krupke" title="Gee, Officer Krupke">Gee, Officer Krupke</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_Like_That" title="A Boy Like That">A Boy like That</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Original_Broadway_Cast)" title="West Side Story (Original Broadway Cast)">West Side Story</a></i> (1957 original cast)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Andr%C3%A9_Previn_album)" title="West Side Story (André Previn album)">West Side Story</a></i> (1959 Previn)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_soundtrack)" title="West Side Story (1961 soundtrack)">West Side Story</a></i> (1961 soundtrack)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Cal_Tjader_album)" title="West Side Story (Cal Tjader album)">West Side Story</a></i> (1961 Tjader)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bernstein_Plays_Brubeck_Plays_Bernstein" title="Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein">Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein</a></i> (1961 Brubeck Quartet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Oscar_Peterson_Trio_album)" title="West Side Story (Oscar Peterson Trio album)">West Side Story</a></i> (1962 Peterson Trio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenton%27s_West_Side_Story" title="Kenton's West Side Story">Kenton's West Side Story</a></i> (1962 Kenton)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toshiko%E2%80%93Mariano_Quartet_(in_West_Side)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshiko–Mariano Quartet (in West Side)">Toshiko–Mariano Quartet (in West Side)</a></i> (1963 Akiyoshi)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Earl_Hines_album)" title="West Side Story (Earl Hines album)">West Side Story</a></i> (1974 Earl Hines)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_soundtrack)" title="West Side Story (2021 soundtrack)">West Side Story</a></i> (2021 soundtrack)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_First_Time_(Glee)" title="The First Time (Glee)">The First Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side_Story" title="Upper West Side Story">Upper West Side Story</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Side_Story" title="Wild Side Story">Wild Side Story</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Girl_(1987_film)" title="China Girl (1987 film)">China Girl</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Roses_(Outkast_song)" title="Roses (Outkast song)">Roses</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Josh_(2000_film)" title="Josh (2000 film)">Josh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superjail!" title="Superjail!">Superjail!</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Borinque%C3%B1a" title="La Borinqueña">La Borinqueña</a>" (used in 2021 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710334#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710334#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710334#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110250247">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37116781">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/163631/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfcMTFcgQVM9rHHVf4cyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123286352">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85173003">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140368976">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140368976">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00446986">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35293526">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0026607&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1122852">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1017993">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071341080">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90852542">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000275746&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=269192">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199616026">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810536946005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007309430005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14302981">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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