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<span>Role and duties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Role_and_duties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Role and duties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Role_and_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-fraud_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-fraud_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Anti-fraud activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-fraud_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subsidiaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Bank of Russia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="البنك المركزي الروسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البنك المركزي الروسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_Bank%C4%B1" title="Rusiya Mərkəzi Bankı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya Mərkəzi Bankı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Банкы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Банкы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Цэнтральны банк Расійскай Федэрацыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэнтральны банк Расійскай Федэрацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%96" title="Цэнтральны банк Расеі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цэнтральны банк Расеі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banc_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Banc de Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Banc de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95%D0%BD_%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Раççей Федерацийĕн Тĕп Банкĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕн Тĕп Банкĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centr%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_banka_Rusk%C3%A9_federace" title="Centrální banka Ruské federace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Centrální banka Ruské federace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Rossii" title="Bank Rossii – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bank Rossii" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κεντρική Τράπεζα της Ρωσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεντρική Τράπεζα της Ρωσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_de_Rusia" title="Banco de Rusia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Banco de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="بانک مرکزی روسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بانک مرکزی روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banque_centrale_de_la_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_Russie" title="Banque centrale de la fédération de Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Banque centrale de la fédération de Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89" title="러시아 중앙은행 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아 중앙은행" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Ռուսաստանի կենտրոնական բանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստանի կենտրոնական բանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka_Ruske_Federacije" title="Središnja banka Ruske Federacije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Središnja banka Ruske Federacije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Sentral_Rusia" title="Bank Sentral Rusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bank Sentral Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_centrale_della_Federazione_Russa" title="Banca centrale della Federazione Russa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Banca centrale della Federazione Russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הבנק המרכזי של הפדרציה הרוסית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבנק המרכזי של הפדרציה הרוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievijas_banka" title="Krievijas banka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievijas banka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Банка на Русија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Банка на Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrale_Bank_van_Rusland" title="Centrale Bank van Rusland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Centrale Bank van Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="ロシア連邦中央銀行 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア連邦中央銀行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russlands_sentralbank" title="Russlands sentralbank – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russlands sentralbank" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralny_Bank_Federacji_Rosyjskiej" title="Centralny Bank Federacji Rosyjskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Centralny Bank Federacji Rosyjskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_Central_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Banco Central da Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Banco Central da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Банк России – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Банк России" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banka_Qendrore_e_Rusis%C3%AB" title="Banka Qendrore e Rusisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Banka Qendrore e Rusisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Central Bank of Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Централна банка Руске Федерације – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Централна банка Руске Федерације" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_keskuspankki" title="Venäjän keskuspankki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän keskuspankki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="உருசிய மத்திய வங்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசிய மத்திய வங்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi%C3%A4_Federatsi%C3%A4sene%C3%B1_%C3%9Cz%C3%A4k_bank%C4%B1" title="Rusiä Federatsiäseneñ Üzäk bankı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Rusiä Federatsiäseneñ Üzäk bankı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya_Merkez_Bankas%C4%B1" title="Rusya Merkez Bankası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya Merkez Bankası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Central_Bank_of_Russia&params=55_45_47_N_37_37_17_E_type:landmark_region:RU_source:kolossus-frwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°45′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">37°37′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.76306°N 37.62139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.76306; 37.62139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Central Bank of the Russian Federation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Central Bank of the Russian Federation<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Центральный банк Российской Федерации</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBRF_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CBRF_logo.svg/250px-CBRF_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CBRF_logo.svg/375px-CBRF_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CBRF_logo.svg/500px-CBRF_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_RussiaCentralBank_M00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Head office erected in 1894 as the Moscow branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Moscow_RussiaCentralBank_M00.jpg/220px-Moscow_RussiaCentralBank_M00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Moscow_RussiaCentralBank_M00.jpg/330px-Moscow_RussiaCentralBank_M00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Moscow_RussiaCentralBank_M00.jpg/440px-Moscow_RussiaCentralBank_M00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3848" data-file-height="4024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Head office erected in 1894 as the Moscow branch of the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="State Bank of the Russian Empire">State Bank of the Russian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr class="label"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">12 Neglinnaya str., Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Central_Bank_of_Russia&params=55_45_47_N_37_37_17_E_type:landmark_region:RU_source:kolossus-frwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°45′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">37°37′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.76306°N 37.62139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.76306; 37.62139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1860<span class="noprint">; 164 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1860</span>)</span> (original institution)<br />13 July 1990<span class="noprint">; 34 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1990-07-13</span>)</span> (Bank of the RSFSR)<br /> 25 December 1991<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1991-12-25</span>)</span> (current name)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elvira_Nabiullina" title="Elvira Nabiullina">Elvira Nabiullina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Central bank of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a><br />RUB (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reserves</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>608.2 billion</span> (as of April 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reserve requirements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Reserves_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="International Reserves of the Russian Federation">International Reserves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bank_rate" title="Bank rate">Bank rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19.00%<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_the_USSR" title="State Bank of the USSR">State Bank of the USSR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbr.ru/eng/">cbr.ru/eng</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Central Bank of the Russian Federation</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Центральный банк Российской Федерации</span>), commonly known as the <b>Bank of Russia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Банк России</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-about_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called the <b>Central Bank of Russia</b> (CBR),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a>. The bank was established on 13 July 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It traces its beginnings to the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="State Bank of the Russian Empire">State Bank of the Russian Empire</a> established in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bank is headquartered on <a href="/wiki/Neglinnaya_Street" title="Neglinnaya Street">Neglinnaya Street</a> in Moscow. Its functions are described in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution of Russia</a> (Article 75),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in federal law.<sup id="cite_ref-about_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png/220px-Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png/330px-Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png/440px-Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png 2x" data-file-width="5170" data-file-height="5995" /></a><figcaption>Russian postage stamp sheet in commemoration of 150-year anniversary of setting up of Bank of Russia.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36; background:#FFFFFF;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:#000000;">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Russia" title="Category:Russia"><span style="color:#000000;">a series</span></a> on</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;background:#0039a6; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Banking in the</small><br />Russian Federation</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBRF_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CBRF_logo.svg/210px-CBRF_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CBRF_logo.svg/315px-CBRF_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CBRF_logo.svg/420px-CBRF_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="display:block;margin-top:0.25em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.2em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:0.85em;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Bank of Russia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monetary_policy_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monetary policy of Russia (page does not exist)">Monetary policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Regulation</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#d52b1e; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Lending</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit card</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#d52b1e; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Deposit accounts</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transactional_account" class="mw-redirect" title="Transactional account">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_deposit" title="Time deposit">Time deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_account" title="Savings account">Savings</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaa;border: 1px double #bf0a30;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;color:#FFFFFF;"> Account insurance</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deposit_Insurance_Agency_of_Russia" title="Deposit Insurance Agency of Russia">Deposit Insurance Agency</a></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#d52b1e; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Payment & Transfer</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaa;border: 1px double #bf0a30;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Electronic funds transfer (EFT)</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">Debit card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_transfer" title="Wire transfer">Wire transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_of_Fast_Payments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System of Fast Payments (page does not exist)">System of Fast Payments</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_bill_payment" title="Electronic bill payment">Bill payment</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#d52b1e; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of credit organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settlement_Non-Bank_Credit_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settlement Non-Bank Credit Organization (page does not exist)">Settlement NBCO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Payment_Non-Bank_Credit_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Payment Non-Bank Credit Organization (page does not exist)">Payment NBCO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-Bank_Deposit_and_Credit_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non-Bank Deposit and Credit Organization (page does not exist)">NBDCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">NBCO - central counterparty</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#d52b1e; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Biggest commercial banks</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"></sup></a><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sberbank_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sberbank of Russia">Sberbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfa-Bank" title="Alfa-Bank">Alfa-Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Agricultural_Bank" title="Russian Agricultural Bank">Russian Agricultural Bank</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Banking_in_Russia" title="Template:Banking in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Banking_in_Russia" title="Template talk:Banking in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Banking_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Banking in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shortly after <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_State_Sovereignty_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">declaring sovereignty</a> in June 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> decreed the creation of a central bank under the leadership of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgy_Matiukhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgy Matiukhin (page does not exist)">Georgy Matiukhin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Матюхин, Георгий Гаврилович">ru</a>]</span>. Matiukhin commandeered Russian branches of the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_the_USSR" title="State Bank of the USSR">State Bank of the USSR</a> and brought them under the control of the Bank of the RSFSR. A comprehensive central bank statute was passed in December 1990 and the bank adopted a charter in June 1991. A remnant of the State Bank continued to operate alongside it until it was dissolved along with the Soviet Union in December 1991, and the Bank of Russia assumed its remaining business.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1992, the Bank of Russia began to buy and sell foreign currency on the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">foreign exchange market</a> created by it, establish and publish the official exchange rates of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign currency">foreign currencies</a> against the ruble. </p><p>In 2006 capital controls mandate by the RCB began to ease, as confidence in the ruble mounted from the depths of the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-ce1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislation continued to ease through the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-ce1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> reversed this trend.<sup id="cite_ref-ce1_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2023 the RCB raised the primary interest rate from 8.5% to 12%. At the same time president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> was said to be considering capital controls on exporters from Russia, who would have to convert 80% of foreign funds to the ruble. This would be done in order artificially to increase demand for the domestic currency.<sup id="cite_ref-tg1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2024 this measure was prolonged for another year, from the original term of six months.<sup id="cite_ref-afp1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported that "43 major Russian commodities groups" were affected.<sup id="cite_ref-afp1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time the ruble was trading at 93 to the US dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-afp1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2023 western firms that wanted to exit the Russian economy were doubly fleeced when they were told about extraordinary capital controls.<sup id="cite_ref-ft1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 July 2024 the CBRF closed the statistics of the over-the-counter currency market; at the time it was under pressure from international sanctions over the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iru1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iru1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 July 2024 the CBRF hiked its primary interest rate by 200 <a href="/wiki/Basis_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Basis points">basis points</a> to 18%.<sup id="cite_ref-cbr1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbr1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rtr1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtr1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024 Q2, core inflation increased to 9.2% in annualised terms and labour shortages continued to grow.<sup id="cite_ref-cbr1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbr1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024 it was reported that the RCB had allowed the <a href="/wiki/Rosoboronexport" title="Rosoboronexport">Rosoboronexport</a> to buy US banknotes from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwandan_Ministry_of_Defence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rwandan Ministry of Defence (page does not exist)">Rwandan Ministry of Defence</a> while entities in Russia were interdicted from having US currency.<sup id="cite_ref-mt2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mt2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 September 2024 the RCB raised its primary interest rate to 19%.<sup id="cite_ref-mt13_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mt13-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gn13_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-en13_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en13-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_and_duties">Role and duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Role and duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the constitution, it is an independent entity, with the primary responsibility of protecting the stability of the national currency, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">ruble</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 1 September 2013, it was the main <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia_(regulations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Russia (regulations)">regulator of the Russian banking industry</a>, responsible for banking <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">licenses</a>, rules of banking operations and accounting standards, serving as a <a href="/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort" title="Lender of last resort">lender of last resort</a> for credit organizations. After pointed date functions and powers of CBR were significantly expanded and the central bank received the status of a mega-regulator of all financial markets of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It holds the exclusive right to issue ruble <a href="/wiki/Banknotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Banknotes">banknotes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a> through the Moscow and St. Petersburg mints, the <a href="/wiki/Goznak" title="Goznak">Goznak</a> <a href="/wiki/Mint_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint (coin)">mint</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The central bank issues commemorative coins made of precious and non-precious metals as well as investment ones made of precious metals, which are distributed inside and outside the country.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, in honor of its 150th anniversary it issued a 5-kilo commemorative gold coin <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Russian law, half of the bank's profit must be channeled into the <a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">government's federal budget</a>. The Central Bank of Russia is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">BIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bank of Russia owns a 57.58% stake in <a href="/wiki/Sberbank" title="Sberbank">Sberbank</a>, the country's leading <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial bank</a>. The Bank of Russia also owns a 100% stake in <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Reinsurance_Company" title="Russian National Reinsurance Company">Russian National Reinsurance Company</a> (RNRC), the biggest national reinsurance company. The RNRC was established in July 2016 to prevent possible problems with <a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">reinsurance</a> of large <a href="/wiki/Risk#Insurance" title="Risk">risks</a> under <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis">international sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis</a>, like constructing the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bank of Russia is actively working on financial literacy of the population. In particular, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fincult.info/">Fincult</a> project is developing a website with materials aimed at improving financial literacy of the population, combating fraud through a description of all fraudulent schemes. </p><p>The Bank of Russia is also involved in working with citizens' pension savings. Pensions in Russia remain very low. For 2024, the minimum social pension is set at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sfr.gov.ru/grazhdanam/pensionres/soc%20doplata/~10041">13,269 rubles (147 US dollars)</a>. Since there is not enough money in the budget, citizens are offered to save for retirement on their own. To this end, since 2024, the Bank of Russia and all its regional divisions have been actively promoting the Long-term <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbr.ru/RSCI/activity%20npf/program/">Savings Program developed by the Bank of Russia.</a> </p><p>The main feature of the long–term savings program is co-financing by the state. That is, citizens who have joined the program will receive an increase in their savings from the state for a certain time. Thus, people can form additional capital for their priority goals in the future, for example, to buy a home or educate children, create a financial "safety cushion" or use this money as an increase to a pension, she said in an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bankiros.ru/news/programma-dolgosrocnyh-sberezenij-dopolnitelnyj-kapital-na-prioritetnye-v-budusem-celi-14950">interview Bankiros.ru</a> representative of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Larisa Pavlova. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-fraud_activities">Anti-fraud activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anti-fraud activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A key prospective witness in improper financial affairs was Lyubov Tarasova (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Любовь Тарасова</span>) who was a senior auditor for the Central Bank of Russia and worked for the "Unicom" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">"Юникон"</span>) auditing firm which had been established on 20 August 1991 and was responsible for "checking the correctness of the documentation and the essence of business transactions that are in doubt" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">"проверка правильности документального оформления и сущности хозяйственных операций, вызывающих сомнение"</span>), but was stabbed to death in her apartment in Moscow on 15-16 October 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-RussianLawChristy_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RussianLawChristy-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KommersantTarasovaDeath_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KommersantTarasovaDeath-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, within the framework of a joint anti-phishing project of the Bank of Russia and search engine <a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a>, a special <a href="/wiki/Check_mark" title="Check mark">check mark</a> (a green circle with a tick and 'Реестр ЦБ РФ' (Bank of Russia Register) text box) appeared in the search results, informing the consumer that the website is really owned by a legally registered company licensed by the Bank of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governors">Governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>President of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank</b> is the head of the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central banking system</a> of the Russian Federation. The Governor is chosen by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a>; and serves for four-year-terms after appointment. A Governor may be appointed for several consecutive terms (<a href="/wiki/Sergey_Mikhaylovich_Ignatyev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Mikhaylovich Ignatyev">Sergey Ignatyev</a> was the Governor of the Central Bank for 11 years, and he was appointed three times, in the longest serving term in post-soviet Russia). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">№ </th> <th rowspan="2">Name (governor) </th> <th rowspan="2">Photo </th> <th colspan="3">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2">Appointed by </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start of term </th> <th>End of term </th> <th>Length of service </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgy_Matyukhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgy Matyukhin (page does not exist)">Georgy Matyukhin</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBRF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/70px-CBRF.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/105px-CBRF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/140px-CBRF.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td>25 December 1990 </td> <td>16 May 1992 </td> <td>1 year, 143 days (<span data-sort-value="7002508000000000000♠"></span>508 days) </td> <th style="font-weight:normal" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Gerashchenko" title="Viktor Gerashchenko">Viktor Gerashchenko</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerashchenko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gerashchenko.jpg/70px-Gerashchenko.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gerashchenko.jpg/105px-Gerashchenko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gerashchenko.jpg/140px-Gerashchenko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td>17 July 1992 </td> <td>18 October 1994 </td> <td>2 years, 93 days (<span data-sort-value="7002823000000000000♠"></span>823 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatyana_Paramonova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatyana Paramonova (page does not exist)">Tatyana Paramonova</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBRF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/70px-CBRF.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/105px-CBRF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/140px-CBRF.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td>19 October 1994 </td> <td>8 November 1995 </td> <td>1 year, 20 days (<span data-sort-value="7002385000000000000♠"></span>385 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Khandruyev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Khandruyev (page does not exist)">Alexander Khandruyev</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBRF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/70px-CBRF.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/105px-CBRF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CBRF.png/140px-CBRF.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td>8 November 1995 </td> <td>22 November 1995 </td> <td>14 days (<span data-sort-value="7001140000000000000♠"></span>14 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Dubinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Dubinin (page does not exist)">Sergei Dubinin</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergey_Dubinin,_July_2011.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sergey_Dubinin%2C_July_2011.jpeg/70px-Sergey_Dubinin%2C_July_2011.jpeg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sergey_Dubinin%2C_July_2011.jpeg/105px-Sergey_Dubinin%2C_July_2011.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sergey_Dubinin%2C_July_2011.jpeg/140px-Sergey_Dubinin%2C_July_2011.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 November 1995 </td> <td>11 September 1998 </td> <td>2 years, 293 days (<span data-sort-value="7003102400000000000♠"></span>1,024 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Gerashchenko" title="Viktor Gerashchenko">Viktor Gerashchenko</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viktor_Gerashchenko2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Viktor_Gerashchenko2.jpg/70px-Viktor_Gerashchenko2.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Viktor_Gerashchenko2.jpg/105px-Viktor_Gerashchenko2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Viktor_Gerashchenko2.jpg/140px-Viktor_Gerashchenko2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="721" /></a></span> </td> <td>11 September 1998 </td> <td>20 March 2002 </td> <td>3 years, 190 days (<span data-sort-value="7003128600000000000♠"></span>1,286 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Ignatyev_(economist)" title="Sergey Ignatyev (economist)">Sergey Ignatyev</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ignatyev_S_M_2011_12_21.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ignatyev_S_M_2011_12_21.jpeg/70px-Ignatyev_S_M_2011_12_21.jpeg" decoding="async" width="70" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ignatyev_S_M_2011_12_21.jpeg/105px-Ignatyev_S_M_2011_12_21.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ignatyev_S_M_2011_12_21.jpeg/140px-Ignatyev_S_M_2011_12_21.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2652" data-file-height="3772" /></a></span> </td> <td>21 March 2002 </td> <td>23 June 2013 </td> <td>11 years, 94 days (<span data-sort-value="7003411200000000000♠"></span>4,112 days) </td> <th style="font-weight:normal" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elvira_Nabiullina" title="Elvira Nabiullina">Elvira Nabiullina</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elvira_Nabiullina_-_kremlin.ru_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Elvira_Nabiullina_-_kremlin.ru_portrait.jpg/70px-Elvira_Nabiullina_-_kremlin.ru_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Elvira_Nabiullina_-_kremlin.ru_portrait.jpg/105px-Elvira_Nabiullina_-_kremlin.ru_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Elvira_Nabiullina_-_kremlin.ru_portrait.jpg/140px-Elvira_Nabiullina_-_kremlin.ru_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3448" /></a></span> </td> <td>24 June 2013 </td> <td>present </td> <td>11 years, 157 days (<span data-sort-value="7003417500000000000♠"></span>4,175 days) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yakimanka_District,_Moscow,_Russia_-_panoramio_(309).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yakimanka_District%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28309%29.jpg/220px-Yakimanka_District%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28309%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yakimanka_District%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28309%29.jpg/330px-Yakimanka_District%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28309%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yakimanka_District%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28309%29.jpg/440px-Yakimanka_District%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28309%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Main Directorate of the Bank of Russia for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Federal_District" title="Central Federal District">Central Federal District</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Central Bank of Russia holds directly significant participatory interests in a number of Russian companies: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sberbank_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sberbank of Russia">Sberbank of Russia</a> (50%+1 voting share of the stock);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow Exchange</a> (11.779% of the stock);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Reinsurance_Company" title="Russian National Reinsurance Company">Russian National Reinsurance Company</a> (100% of the stock);</li> <li>Trust company of the Banking Sector Consolidation Fund (100% of the stock);</li> <li>Rosincas (Russian Association of Cash-in-transit).</li></ul> <p>Additionally, the Bank of Russia held earlier interests in some other Russian organizations. In particular, after the liquidation of <a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">Gosbank</a> (State Bank of the USSR), the CBR beneficially acquired complete or controlling interests in five so-called "Russian Foreign Banks" (until 1991 – "Soviet Foreign Banks"): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB Bank</a> (99.99% of the stock – until 2002, now - 60.9% owned by The Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimushchestvo) );</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donau_Bank" title="Donau Bank">Donau Bank</a> AG, Vienna;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-West_United_Bank" title="East-West United Bank">East-West United Bank</a>, Luxemburg;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_Commerciale_pour_l%27Europe_du_Nord_%E2%80%93_Eurobank" title="Banque Commerciale pour l'Europe du Nord – Eurobank">Eurobank</a>, Paris;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Narodny_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Narodny Bank">Moscow Narodny Bank</a>, London;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ost-West_Handelsbank" title="Ost-West Handelsbank">Ost-West Handelsbank</a>, Frankfurt am Main.</li></ul> <p>All of them were members of the USSR <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vneshekonombank_(USSR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vneshekonombank (USSR) (page does not exist)">Vnesheconombank</a> system and were transferred to the CBR in 1992 by the Resolution of the Presidium of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_Russia" title="Supreme Soviet of Russia">Supreme Soviet of Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For over five years – 2000 to 2005 – all stocks of the Russian Foreign Banks were being purchased from the Bank of Russia by <a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StakesDaughtersFeb2005_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StakesDaughtersFeb2005-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Company21022005_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company21022005-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the financial support to credit institutions, the Bank of Russia invests in them through the Banking Sector Consolidation Fund and acquires (on a temporary and indirect basis) shares in the equity of such banks. The first project of this kind was <a href="/wiki/Otkritie_FC_Bank" title="Otkritie FC Bank">Otkritie FC Bank</a>, in summer 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policies">Policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_inflation_rate.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Russian_inflation_rate.webp/300px-Russian_inflation_rate.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Russian_inflation_rate.webp/450px-Russian_inflation_rate.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Russian_inflation_rate.webp/600px-Russian_inflation_rate.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EE220C; color:black;"> </span> Russian inflation rate</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#00A2FF solid 3px;"> </span> Central Bank of Russia key interest rate</div> </figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_bonds.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_bonds.webp/300px-Russian_bonds.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_bonds.webp/450px-Russian_bonds.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_bonds.webp/600px-Russian_bonds.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3858" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>Russian bonds, <a href="/wiki/Inverted_yield_curve" title="Inverted yield curve">inverted yield curves</a> to tame inflation during their wars (<a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#FFD900 solid 3px;"> </span> 20 year bond</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#929292 solid 3px;"> </span> 10 year bond</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#E4181C solid 3px;"> </span> 1 year bond</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#1C3578 solid 3px;"> </span> 3 month bond</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2014, amidst falling global oil prices, <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_flight" title="Capital flight">capital flight</a>, and fears of recession, the bank had increased the one-week minimum auction <a href="/wiki/Repurchase_agreement" title="Repurchase agreement">repo</a> rate up by 6.5 points to 17 percent. This caused a run on the ruble, and on 29 January, the bank decreased the rate by two points to 15 percent. </p><p>In January 2015, the head of monetary policy, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksenia_Yudayeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ksenia Yudayeva (page does not exist)">Ksenia Yudayeva</a>, a proponent of strict anti-inflation policy, was replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Tulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitry Tulin (page does not exist)">Dmitry Tulin</a>, who is "seen as more acceptable to bankers, who have called for lower interest rates".<sup id="cite_ref-reu_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reu-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis</a>, multiple countries imposed <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">economic sanctions</a> against Russian banks. On 22 February 2022, US president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> announced restrictions of activities by US citizens involved with the Bank of Russia and others.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_International_Settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of International Settlements">Bank of International Settlements</a> suspended the Bank of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Depository_Trust_%26_Clearing_Corporation" title="Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation">Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation</a> blocked Russian securities from the Bank of Russia and Russia's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Russia)">finance ministry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of May 2022, three months into the invasion of Ukraine, the central bank cut interest rates in an effort to prop up the increasingly isolated Russian economy, suffering shortages and supply chain issues. The inflation rate rose to 17.8 percent in April. Also the ruble reached its strongest level against the U.S. dollar in four years, hurting exports.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central bank announced a possible rate cut in 2025 due to stabilising inflation on the 1000th day of the Ukraine war.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sanctions also included asset freezes on the Russian Central Bank,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which holds $630 billion in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_foreign-exchange_reserves" title="List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves">foreign-exchange reserves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to prevent it from offsetting the impact of sanctions.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 May 2022, President of the European Council <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> said: "I am absolutely convinced that this is extremely important not only to freeze assets but also to make possible to confiscate it, to make it available for the rebuilding" of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">Gosbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goznak" title="Goznak">Goznak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Reserves_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="International Reserves of the Russian Federation">International Reserves of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kozlov" title="Andrey Kozlov">Andrey Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Foreign_Exchange_Association" title="National Foreign Exchange Association">National Foreign Exchange Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Card_Payment_System" title="Russian National Card Payment System">Russian National Card Payment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_financial_regulatory_authorities_by_jurisdiction" title="List of financial regulatory authorities by jurisdiction">List of financial regulatory authorities by jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks" title="List of central banks">List of central banks</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1998, "Northern Alliance" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">«Северный Альянс»</span>) associated with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> included directors and shareholders of Tokobank (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Токобанк</span>) including Sudhir Gupta, owner of Amtel Tire Holding and controlled Yunicbank (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Юникбанк</span>), whose August 1998 head of the supervisory board was Stepan Kovalchuk (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Степан Ковальчук</span>), the chairman of the board of Flamingo Bank (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">банк «Фламинг»</span>). Stepan Kovalchuk is a grand-nephew of Yuri Kovalchuk.<sup id="cite_ref-StakesDaughtersFeb2005_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StakesDaughtersFeb2005-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Company21022005_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company21022005-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeidner2017" class="citation web cs1">Weidner, Jan (20 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/1138787981/34">"The Organisation and Structure ofCentral Banks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i>portal.dnb.de</i>. Darmstadt: Technische Universität Darmstadt. p. 296. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528003901/https://d-nb.info/1138787981/34">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portal.dnb.de&rft.atitle=The+Organisation+and+Structure+ofCentral+Banks&rft.pages=296&rft.date=2017-04-20&rft.aulast=Weidner&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd-nb.info%2F1138787981%2F34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Bank_of_The_Russian_Federation" class="citation web cs1">Central Bank of The Russian Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbr.ru/eng/hd_base/mrrf/mrrf_7d/">"International Reserves of the Russian Federation (End of period)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119060943/https://www.cbr.ru/eng/hd_base/mrrf/mrrf_7d/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Reserves+of+the+Russian+Federation+%28End+of+period%29&rft.au=Central+Bank+of+The+Russian+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.ru%2Feng%2Fhd_base%2Fmrrf%2Fmrrf_7d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/pr/?file=13092024_133000Key_eng.htm">"Bank of Russia increases the key rate by 100 bp to 19.00% p.a."</a> Bank of Russia. 13 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bank+of+Russia+increases+the+key+rate+by+100+bp+to+19.00%25+p.a.&rft.pub=Bank+of+Russia&rft.date=2024-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.ru%2Feng%2Fpress%2Fpr%2F%3Ffile%3D13092024_133000Key_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbr.ru/eng/about_BR/">"About Bank of Russia"</a>. <i>cbr.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528004744/https://cbr.ru/eng/about_BR/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbr.ru&rft.atitle=About+Bank+of+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbr.ru%2Feng%2Fabout_BR%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbr.ru/about_br/">"О Банке России | Банк России"</a>. <i>cbr.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603070817/http://cbr.ru/about_BR/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbr.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%7C+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbr.ru%2Fabout_br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/base/54.html#:~:text=exclusively%20by%20the-,Central%20Bank%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation,-.%20The%20introduction%20and">"Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. <i>Government of the Russian Federation archive.government.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025145422/http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/base/54.html#:~:text=exclusively%20by%20the-,Central%20Bank%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation,-.%20The%20introduction%20and">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://www.interfax.ru/business/970928">https://www.interfax.ru/business/970928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Fbusiness%2F970928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbr1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbr1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbr1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://globalnews.ca/news/10753849/war-in-ukraine-worsens-inflation-russian-central-bank-hikes-rates/">"As war in Ukraine worsens inflation, Russian central bank hikes rates - National | Globalnews.ca"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+war+in+Ukraine+worsens+inflation%2C+Russian+central+bank+hikes+rates+-+National+%26%23124%3B+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F10753849%2Fwar-in-ukraine-worsens-inflation-russian-central-bank-hikes-rates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-en13-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-en13_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbr.ru&rft.atitle=Bank+of+Russia+to+mark+microfinance+organisations+on+the+Internet+%7C+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.ru%2Feng%2FPress%2Fevent%2F%3Fid%3D1188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/event/?id=1568">"Insurers' websites receive first marks | Банк России"</a>. <i>www.cbr.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023113647/http://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/event/?id=1568">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbr.ru&rft.atitle=Insurers%27+websites+receive+first+marks+%7C+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.ru%2Feng%2Fpress%2Fevent%2F%3Fid%3D1568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОвчинников2000" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Овчинников, О. (Ovchinnikov, O.) 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%95%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%28ko.ru%29&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%85%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2005-02-21&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%28Birman%2C+Alexander%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fko.ru%2Fdocument.asp%3Fd_no%3D11319%26p%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFРубинБаданин2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Рубин, Михаил (Rubin, Mikhail); Баданин, Роман (Badanin, Roman) (28 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proekt.media/narrative/telegram-kanaly/">"Телега из Кремля. Рассказ о том, как власти превратили Telegram в телевизор"</a> [A cart from the Kremlin. The story of how the authorities turned Telegram into a TV]. <i><a href="/wiki/Proekt" title="Proekt">Проект</a> (proekt.media)</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190111184923/https://www.proekt.media/narrative/telegram-kanaly/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82+%28proekt.media%29&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7+%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%2C+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+Telegram+%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB+%28Rubin%2C+Mikhail%29&rft.au=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD+%28Badanin%2C+Roman%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proekt.media%2Fnarrative%2Ftelegram-kanaly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reu-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reu_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJason_Bush,_Lidia_Kelly_and_Alexander_Winning2015" class="citation news cs1">Jason Bush, Lidia Kelly and Alexander Winning (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-crisis-cenbank-rates-idUSKBN0L311Q20150130">"Russian central bank makes surprise interest rate cut"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150130215949/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/30/us-russia-crisis-cenbank-rates-idUSKBN0L311Q20150130">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russian+central+bank+makes+surprise+interest+rate+cut&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.au=Jason+Bush%2C+Lidia+Kelly+and+Alexander+Winning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-russia-crisis-cenbank-rates-idUSKBN0L311Q20150130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/22/fact-sheet-united-states-imposes-first-tranche-of-swift-and-severe-costs-on-russia/">"Fact Sheet: United States Imposes First Tranche of Swift and Severe Costs on Russia"</a>. <i>The White House</i>. 22 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409115625/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/22/fact-sheet-united-states-imposes-first-tranche-of-swift-and-severe-costs-on-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+United+States+Imposes+First+Tranche+of+Swift+and+Severe+Costs+on+Russia&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fstatements-releases%2F2022%2F02%2F22%2Ffact-sheet-united-states-imposes-first-tranche-of-swift-and-severe-costs-on-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centralbanking.com/node/7938076">"IMF approves $1.4 billion Ukraine aid and BIS suspends Russia"</a>. <i>Central Banking</i>. 10 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Banking&rft.atitle=IMF+approves+%241.4+billion+Ukraine+aid+and+BIS+suspends+Russia&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralbanking.com%2Fnode%2F7938076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLomax2022" class="citation web cs1">Lomax, Securities Finance Times reporter Jenna (2 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.securitiesfinancetimes.com/securitieslendingnews/article.php?article_id=225383">"DTCC blocks Russian securities from Bank of Russia"</a>. <i>www.securitiesfinancetimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423213441/https://www.securitiesfinancetimes.com/securitieslendingnews/article.php?article_id=225383">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.securitiesfinancetimes.com&rft.atitle=DTCC+blocks+Russian+securities+from+Bank+of+Russia&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft.aulast=Lomax&rft.aufirst=Securities+Finance+Times+reporter+Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.securitiesfinancetimes.com%2Fsecuritieslendingnews%2Farticle.php%3Farticle_id%3D225383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohenNelsonSafronovaLevenson2022" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Patricia; Nelson, Eshe; Safronova, Valeriya; Levenson, Michael (26 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/world/europe/russia-economy-sanctions.html">"As Russia Diverges From the Global Economy, Soviet-Style Scarcity Looms"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527131840/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/world/europe/russia-economy-sanctions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Russia+Diverges+From+the+Global+Economy%2C+Soviet-Style+Scarcity+Looms&rft.date=2022-05-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Eshe&rft.au=Safronova%2C+Valeriya&rft.au=Levenson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F05%2F26%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-economy-sanctions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/107875/">"Central Bank of Russia could begin cutting key rate in 2025 if inflation slows, absent any shocks - Nabiullina"</a>. <i>interfax.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=interfax.com&rft.atitle=Central+Bank+of+Russia+could+begin+cutting+key+rate+in+2025+if+inflation+slows%2C+absent+any+shocks+-+Nabiullina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finterfax.com%2Fnewsroom%2Ftop-stories%2F107875%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirschenbaum2022" class="citation news cs1">Kirschenbaum, J. (16 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bruegel.org/2022/05/now-is-not-the-time-to-confiscate-russias-central-bank-reserves/">"Now is not the time to confiscate Russia's central bank reserves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bruegel_(think_tank)" title="Bruegel (think tank)">Bruegel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702231643/https://www.bruegel.org/2022/05/now-is-not-the-time-to-confiscate-russias-central-bank-reserves/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bruegel&rft.atitle=Now+is+not+the+time+to+confiscate+Russia%27s+central+bank+reserves&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft.aulast=Kirschenbaum&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bruegel.org%2F2022%2F05%2Fnow-is-not-the-time-to-confiscate-russias-central-bank-reserves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonWeaver2022" class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Kate; Weaver, Aubree Eliza (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-money/2022/02/28/the-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208">"The West declares economic war on Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-money/2022/02/28/the-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=The+West+declares+economic+war+on+Russia&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Aubree+Eliza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnewsletters%2Fmorning-money%2F2022%2F02%2F28%2Fthe-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPop2022" class="citation news cs1">Pop, Valentina (25 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/8b99b33b-92b0-42f4-ac02-ecbc9fae4c4c">"EU leaders agree more Russia sanctions, but save some for later"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.ft.com/content/8b99b33b-92b0-42f4-ac02-ecbc9fae4c4c">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=EU+leaders+agree+more+Russia+sanctions%2C+but+save+some+for+later&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Pop&rft.aufirst=Valentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8b99b33b-92b0-42f4-ac02-ecbc9fae4c4c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/eastern-europe/news/germany-open-to-russian-central-bank-asset-seizure-to-finance-ukraines-recovery/">"Germany open to Russian Central Bank asset seizure to finance Ukraine's recovery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Euractiv" title="Euractiv">Euractiv</a></i>. 17 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025192552/https://www.euractiv.com/section/eastern-europe/news/germany-open-to-russian-central-bank-asset-seizure-to-finance-ukraines-recovery/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euractiv&rft.atitle=Germany+open+to+Russian+Central+Bank+asset+seizure+to+finance+Ukraine%27s+recovery&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Feastern-europe%2Fnews%2Fgermany-open-to-russian-central-bank-asset-seizure-to-finance-ukraines-recovery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarenboim2001" class="citation journal cs1">Barenboim, Peter (2001). "Constitutional Economics and the Bank of Russia". <i>Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fordham+Journal+of+Corporate+and+Financial+Law&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Economics+and+the+Bank+of+Russia&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=160&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Barenboim&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bank+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313224618/http://www.cbr.ru/today/history/empire_bank.asp">State Bank of the Russian Empire at the site of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbr.ru/Eng/today/?PrtId=impbank">State Bank of the Russian Empire at the site of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Russia" title="Template:Economy of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Economy of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union">Droughts and famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialization_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Industrialization in the Russian Empire">Industrialization in the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Russian_Empire_after_the_abolition_of_serfdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom">Economy of the Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Economy of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Russia" title="Privatization in Russia">Privatization</a></li> <li>Financial crises <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Russian_financial_crisis" title="1998 Russian financial crisis">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian financial crisis (2014–2017)">2014–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li>Monetary reforms in Russia (<a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_the_Soviet_Union,_1991" title="Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_Russia,_1993" title="Monetary reform in Russia, 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_Russia,_1998" title="Monetary reform in Russia, 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modification_of_banknotes_of_the_Russian_ruble_(2022%E2%80%942025)" title="Modification of banknotes of the Russian ruble (2022—2025)">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Priority_Projects" title="National Priority Projects">National Priority Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilization_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation">Stabilization Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Russia" title="Great Recession in Russia">Great Recession in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medvedev_modernisation_programme" title="Medvedev modernisation programme">Medvedev modernisation programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia" title="Energy policy of Russia">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Russia" title="Coal in Russia">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Russia" title="Electricity sector in Russia">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Russia" title="Geothermal power in Russia">Geothermal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Russia" title="Natural gas in Russia">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Russia" title="Nuclear power in Russia">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Russia" title="Oil reserves in Russia">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Russia" title="Hunting in Russia">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" title="Mining industry of Russia">Mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Engineering <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" title="Aircraft industry of Russia">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock_manufacturers_of_Russia" title="Rolling stock manufacturers of Russia">Rolling stock manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor,_timber_and_agricultural_machinery_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Tractor, timber and agricultural machinery in the Soviet Union">Tractor, timber and agricultural machinery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry_of_Russia" title="Food industry of Russia">Food industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Russia" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Russia">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Chemical_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Chemical Industry">Chemical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_of_Russia" title="Metallurgy of Russia">Metallurgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_Industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe Industry of Russia">Pipe Industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" title="Science and technology in Russia">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Russia" title="Rail transport in Russia">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Russia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Russia">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" title="Gambling in Russia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_retailing_in_Russia" title="Grocery retailing in Russia">Grocery retailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_Russia" title="Information technology in Russia">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry_of_Russia" title="Music industry of Russia">Music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_ruble" title="Digital ruble">Digital ruble</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Account_Chamber_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Account Chamber of Russia">Account Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Russia" title="List of banks in Russia">Banks</a></small></li> <li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Bank of Russia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Treasury_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Treasury (Russia)">Federal Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Card_Payment_System" title="Russian National Card Payment System">National Card Payment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Compulsory_Medical_Insurance_Fund_(Russia)" title="Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (Russia)">Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_and_Social_Insurance_Fund_of_Russia" title="Pension and Social Insurance Fund of Russia">Pension and Social Insurance Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Insurance_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation">Social Insurance Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_in_Russia" title="Stock market in Russia">Stock market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" title="Taxation in Russia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_stamps_of_Russia" title="Excise stamps of Russia">Excise stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_billionaires_by_net_worth" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian billionaires by net worth">Billionaires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional economies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Primorsky_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources of Primorsky Krai">Natural resources of Primorsky Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_federal_districts_by_GDP" title="List of Russian federal districts by GDP">Federal districts by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP">Federal subjects by GRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by GDP per capita">Federal subjects by GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by Human Development Index">Federal subjects by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_poverty_rate" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by poverty rate">Federal subjects by poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_Unemployment_Rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal subjects of Russia by Unemployment Rate">Federal subjects by unemployment rate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Economic_Region" title="Central Economic Region">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural economic region">Ural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="North Caucasus economic region">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga economic region">Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="West Siberian economic region">West Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="East Siberian economic region">East Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga-Vyatka_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga-Vyatka economic region">Volga-Vyatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern economic region">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Black_Earth_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Black Earth economic region">Central Black Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Eastern economic region">Far Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_economic_region_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern economic region (Russia)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliningrad economic region">Kaliningrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Russia" title="List of companies of Russia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Russia" title="List of exports of Russia">Exports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_grain_exports" title="Russian grain exports">grain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" title="List of trade unions in Russia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oligarch">Russian oligarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_Russia" title="Income in Russia">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_system_in_Russia" title="Social security system in Russia">Social security system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Russia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Russia">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_economy_of_Russia" title="Shadow economy of Russia">Shadow economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_business_entity_in_Russia" title="Types of business entity in Russia">Types of business entity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Russia" title="Category:Economy of Russia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economy of Russia">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russia_topics" title="Template:Russia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russia_topics" title="Template talk:Russia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_history" title="Timeline of Russian history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li>Feudal Rus' <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">Expansion (1500–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Army of the Tsardom of Russia">Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian state">Russian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1991%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Russia (1991–present)">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_journalism" title="History of Russian journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet_in_Russia" title="History of the Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Judicial system of the Russian Empire">Judicial system of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_city_of_Russia" title="Historical city of Russia">Historical cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Russia" title="Borders of Russia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia" title="List of cities and towns in Russia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Russia" title="List of earthquakes in Russia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Russia" title="Environment of Russia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Environmental issues in Russia">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Russia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_Upland" title="Central Russian Upland">Central Russian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Russia" title="Northwest Russia">Northwest Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshchera_Lowlands" title="Meshchera Lowlands">Meshchera Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka%E2%80%93Don_Lowland" title="Oka–Don Lowland">Oka–Don Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Upland" title="Smolensk Upland">Smolensk Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" title="List of fjords of Russia">Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Russia" title="Geology of Russia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Russia" title="List of glaciers in Russia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Regions" title="Great Russian Regions">Great Russian Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_Russian_federal_subjects" title="List of highest points of Russian federal subjects">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Russia" title="List of islands of Russia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Russia" title="List of lakes of Russia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of Russia">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia" title="List of volcanoes in Russia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Russia" title="List of rivers of Russia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Russia" title="Protected areas of Russia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Russia" title="Wildlife of Russia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Far North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Russia" title="Capital punishment in Russia">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Civil Service of the Russian Federation">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_Russia" title="Classified information in Russia">Classified information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Russia" title="Criminal Code of Russia">Criminal code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia" title="Freedom of assembly in Russia">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apparatus_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Apparatus of the Government of Russia">Apparatus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Russia" title="Law of Russia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">Law enforcement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Russia" title="Prisons in Russia">Prisons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_Russia" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Russia" title="Political divisions of Russia">Political divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Russia" title="Martial law in Russia">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia" title="Media freedom in Russia">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Russia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Russia" title="State of emergency in Russia">State of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Russia" title="Civil defense in Russia">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue_in_Russia" title="Search and rescue in Russia">Search and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Russia" title="Urban planning in Russia">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_Russia" title="Mass surveillance in Russia">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism_in_Russia" title="Separatism in Russia">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_limits_in_Russia" title="Term limits in Russia">Term limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" title="Aircraft industry of Russia">Aircraft industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union">Droughts and famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Car industry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">Defence industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_districts_in_Russia" title="Category:Financial districts in Russia">Financial districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" title="Gambling in Russia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" title="Mining industry of Russia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian oligarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Ruble <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" title="Science and technology in Russia">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_system_in_Russia" title="Social security system in Russia">Social security system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" title="Taxation in Russia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" title="List of trade unions in Russia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Russia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Russia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Russia" title="Category:Society of Russia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia" title="Abortion in Russia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Russia" title="Alcohol in Russia">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia" title="Anti-American sentiment in Russia">Anti-American sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Russia" title="Cannabis in Russia">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the Russian Federation">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of Russia">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia" title="Corruption in Russia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Russia" title="Crime in Russia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deafness_in_Russia" title="Deafness in Russia">Deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Russia" title="Domestic violence in Russia">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_Russia" title="Doping in Russia">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" title="Ethnic groups in Russia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_public_apologies_in_Russia" title="Forced public apologies in Russia">Forced public apologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerals_in_Russia" title="Funerals in Russia">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_Russia" title="Gun control in Russia">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Russia" title="Health in Russia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia" title="Healthcare in Russia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Russia" title="HIV/AIDS in Russia">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Russia" title="Mental health in Russia">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ rights in Russia">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Russia" title="Immigration to Russia">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Russia" title="Illegal immigration to Russia">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_Russia" title="Migrant workers in Russia">Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_life_expectancy" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphans_in_Russia" title="Orphans in Russia">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Russia" title="Polygamy in Russia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Russia" title="Prostitution in Russia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Russia" title="Scouting in Russia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_in_Russia" title="Sociology in Russia">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Russia" title="Smoking in Russia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Russia" title="Suicide in Russia">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Russia" title="Witch trials in Russia">Witch trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Russia" title="Women in Russia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_and_Soviet_military" title="Women in the Russian and Soviet military">in army</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Russia" title="Architecture of Russia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Russia" title="Armorial of Russia">Armorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Culture of the Russian Armed Forces">Army culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_weapons_of_Russia" title="Honorary weapons of Russia">Honorary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_artists" title="List of Russian artists">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wine" title="Russian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fairy_tale" title="Russian fairy tale">Fairy tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Russia" title="Category:Festivals in Russia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Russia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_forms_of_addressing" title="Russian forms of addressing">Forms of addressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Russia" title="Graffiti in Russia">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_heraldry" title="Russian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Russia" title="Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation" title="Timeline of Russian innovation">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Rus%CA%B9,_Russia_and_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Rusʹ, Russia and Ruthenia">Names of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_given_name" title="Russian given name">Russian given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Russia" title="National symbols of Russia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Russia" title="National anthem of Russia">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Russian_tsars" title="Regalia of the Russian tsars">Russian tsars regalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opera" title="Russian opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_philosophers" title="List of Russian philosophers">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_political_jokes" title="Russian political jokes">Political jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia" title="Public holidays in Russia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Russia" title="Television in Russia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Russia" title="Seven Wonders of Russia">Seven Wonders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Sports_Classification_System_of_Russia" title="Unified Sports Classification System of Russia">Unified Sports Classification System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">World Heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia" title="Category:Russia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_banks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_banks" title="Template:Central banks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_banks" title="Template talk:Central banks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_banks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central banks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_banks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central banks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Committee_on_Banking_Supervision" title="Basel Committee on Banking Supervision">Basel Committee on Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_Board" title="Financial Stability Board">Financial Stability Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_requirement" title="Capital requirement">Capital requirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractionary_monetary_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Contractionary monetary policy">Contractionary monetary policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionary_monetary_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Expansionary monetary policy">Expansionary monetary policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Accords" title="Basel Accords">Basel Accords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_control" title="Capital control">Capital control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discount_window" title="Discount window">Discount rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">Interest rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_creation" title="Money creation">Money creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_market_operation" title="Open market operation">Open market operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods<br />system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks" title="List of central banks">List of central banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Central banks and currencies of Africa">Central banks and currencies of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_Asia-Pacific" title="Central banks and currencies of Asia-Pacific">Central banks and currencies of Asia-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_the_Caribbean" title="Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean">Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_Europe" title="Central banks and currencies of Europe">Central banks and currencies of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Central banks and currencies of the Americas">Central banks and currencies of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_banks_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_banks_by_country" title="Template:Central banks by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_banks_by_country" title="Template talk:Central banks by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_banks_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central banks by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_banks_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Central banks by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Central_African_States" title="Bank of Central African States">Central African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_West_African_States" title="Central Bank of West African States">West African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Algeria" title="Bank of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Angola" title="National Bank of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Botswana" title="Bank of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Burundi" title="Bank of the Republic of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Cape_Verde" title="Bank of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Comoros" title="Central Bank of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Congo" title="Central Bank of the Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Djibouti" title="Central Bank of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Egypt" title="Central Bank of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Eritrea" title="Bank of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Eswatini" title="Central Bank of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Ethiopia" title="National Bank of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_The_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bank of The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ghana" title="Bank of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Guinea" title="Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Kenya" title="Central Bank of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Lesotho" title="Central Bank of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Liberia" title="Central Bank of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Libya" title="Central Bank of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Madagascar" title="Central Bank of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Malawi" title="Reserve Bank of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Mauritania" title="Central Bank of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Mauritius" title="Bank of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Al-Maghrib" title="Bank Al-Maghrib">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Mozambique" title="Bank of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Namibia" title="Bank of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Nigeria" title="Central Bank of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Rwanda" title="National Bank of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Central Bank of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Seychelles" title="Central Bank of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Bank of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Somalia" title="Central Bank of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Somaliland" title="Bank of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Reserve_Bank" title="South African Reserve Bank">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_South_Sudan" title="Bank of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sudan" title="Central Bank of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Tanzania" title="Bank of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Tunisia" title="Central Bank of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Uganda" title="Bank of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Zambia" title="Bank of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Zimbabwe" title="Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Afghanistan_Bank" title="Da Afghanistan Bank">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Bahrain" title="Central Bank of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank" title="Bangladesh Bank">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Monetary_Authority_of_Bhutan" title="Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Brunei_Darussalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Cambodia" title="National Bank of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">China</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" title="Bank Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iran" title="Central Bank of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iraq" title="Central Bank of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Israel" title="Bank of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Jordan" title="Central Bank of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Bank of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic" title="National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Korea" title="Bank of Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Kuwait" title="Central Bank of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_du_Liban" title="Banque du Liban">Lebanon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Macao" title="Monetary Authority of Macao">Macao</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Negara_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank Negara Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives_Monetary_Authority" title="Maldives Monetary Authority">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Mongolia" title="Bank of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Myanmar" title="Central Bank of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Rastra_Bank" title="Nepal Rastra Bank">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Oman" title="Central Bank of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Pakistan" title="State Bank of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Monetary_Authority" title="Palestine Monetary Authority">Palestine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Central_Bank" title="Qatar Central Bank">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_Monetary_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Central Bank of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Syria" title="Central Bank of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)" title="Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)">Taiwan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Tajikistan" title="National Bank of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Central_de_Timor-Leste" title="Banco Central de Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Turkmenistan" title="Central Bank of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Uzbekistan" title="Central Bank of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Vietnam" title="State Bank of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Yemen" title="Central Bank of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">Eurosystem</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia" title="National Bank of the Republic of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Albania" title="Bank of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Armenia" title="Central Bank of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Azerbaijan" title="Central Bank of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oesterreichische_Nationalbank" title="Oesterreichische Nationalbank">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Bank of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Belgium" title="National Bank of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Bank" title="Bulgarian National Bank">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Bank" title="Croatian National Bank">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Cyprus" title="Central Bank of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Bank" title="Czech National Bank">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmarks_Nationalbank" title="Danmarks Nationalbank">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Estonia" title="Bank of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Finland" title="Bank of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Georgia" title="National Bank of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Greece" title="Bank of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Bank" title="Hungarian National Bank">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iceland" title="Central Bank of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Ireland" title="Central Bank of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Kosovo" title="Central Bank of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Latvia" title="Bank of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Lithuania" title="Bank of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Luxembourg" title="Central Bank of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malta" title="Central Bank of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Moldova" title="National Bank of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Montenegro" title="Central Bank of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norges_Bank" title="Norges Bank">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_North_Macedonia" title="National Bank of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Central Bank of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Poland" title="National Bank of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Portugal" title="Banco de Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">Soviet Union</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Serbia" title="National Bank of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Slovakia" title="National Bank of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Slovenia" title="Bank of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbank" title="Sveriges Riksbank">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Ukraine" title="National Bank of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Aruba" title="Central Bank of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_The_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bank of The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Barbados" title="Central Bank of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Monetary_Authority" title="Bermuda Monetary Authority">Bermuda </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada" title="Bank of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Cuba" title="Central Bank of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Curaçao and Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_Central_Bank" title="Eastern Caribbean Central Bank">Eastern Caribbean</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Monetary_Authority" title="Cayman Islands Monetary Authority">Cayman Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Central Bank of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Guatemala" title="Bank of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Haiti" title="Bank of the Republic of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Honduras" title="Central Bank of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Jamaica" title="Bank of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Mexico" title="Bank of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Nicaragua" title="Central Bank of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Fiji" title="Reserve Bank of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Bank of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Samoa" title="Central Bank of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Central Bank of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reserve_Bank_of_Tonga" title="National Reserve Bank of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Vanuatu" title="Reserve Bank of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Argentina" title="Central Bank of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Chile" title="Central Bank of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Ecuador" title="Central Bank of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Guyana" title="Bank of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Paraguay" title="Central Bank of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Bank_of_Peru" title="Central Reserve Bank of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Suriname" title="Central Bank of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Uruguay" title="Central Bank of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Venezuela" title="Central Bank of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Names in <i>italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">non-sovereign</a> (dependent) territories, former countries, or <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806651#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806651#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122149357">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122473886">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no92023689">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bank Rossii"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003198377&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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