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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cocaine paste</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Black_cocaine" title="Black cocaine">Black cocaine</a></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Crude extract of the coca leaf</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/OXI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="OXI (disambiguation)">OXI (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cocaine_paste" title="Special:EditPage/Cocaine paste">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cocaine+paste%22">"Cocaine paste"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cocaine+paste%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cocaine+paste%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cocaine+paste%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cocaine+paste%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cocaine+paste%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Coca paste</b> (<b>paco</b>, <b>basuco</b>, <b>oxi</b>, <b>pasta</b>) is a crude extract of the <a href="/wiki/Coca_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Coca leaf">coca leaf</a> which contains 40% to 91% <a href="/wiki/Cocaine_freebase" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocaine freebase">cocaine freebase</a> along with companion coca alkaloids and varying quantities of <a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">benzoic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a>. In South America, coca paste, also known as cocaine base and, therefore, often confused with cocaine sulfate in North America, is relatively inexpensive and is widely used by low-income populations. The coca paste is smoked in tobacco or cannabis cigarettes and use has become widespread in several Latin American countries. Traditionally, coca paste has been relatively abundant in South American countries such as Colombia where it is processed into <a href="/wiki/Cocaine_hydrochloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocaine hydrochloride">cocaine hydrochloride</a> ("street cocaine") for distribution to the rest of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The caustic reactions associated with the local application of coca paste prevents its use by oral, intranasal, mucosal, intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous routes. Coca paste can only be smoked when combined with a combustible material such as tobacco or cannabis.<sup id="cite_ref-f_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coca paste use began in Bolivia and Peru in the early 1970s, first in the capital cities and then in other towns and rural areas. In a few years its use had spread to Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and some Mexican cities near the border with the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-f_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Argentina, cocaine paste was sold for about 30 cents per dose in 2006, enough for a powerful two-minute <a href="/wiki/Drug_intoxication" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug intoxication">high</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, its price has increased because of higher demand, among other reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_and_effects">Preparation and effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparation and effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crude cocaine preparation intermediates are marketed as cheaper alternatives to pure cocaine to local markets while the more expensive end product is exported to United States and European markets. <a href="/wiki/Freebase_cocaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Freebase cocaine">Freebase cocaine</a> paste preparations can be smoked. The psychological and physiological effects of the <i>paco</i> are quite severe.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media usually report that it is extremely toxic and addictive.<sup id="cite_ref-lat-p2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-p2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemonde-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-times-slumchildren_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-slumchildren-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a study by Intercambios, media appear to exaggerate the effects of <i>paco</i>. These stereotypes create a sense that nothing can be done to help a <i>paco</i> addict and thus stand in the way of rehabilitation programs.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basuco,_Colombia"><span id="Basuco.2C_Colombia"></span><i>Basuco</i>, Colombia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basuco, Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basuco is the term used for cocaine paste in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. Basuco is derived from the Spanish word for trash (basura), literally meaning "dirty trash" (of cocaine), referring to the paste left at the bottom of a barrel after cocaine production. Basuco is mostly smoked, either rolled like a cigarette with tobacco or cannabis, or more commonly from selfmade pipes. These are often improvised from <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> so users will inhale toxic plastic components. Basuco is very addictive and said to be "more potent than the crack cocaine found across European and American cities". Basuco users may take other psychoactive agents, like industrial alcohol and <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a> to manage the drug effects, the high and the paranoia.<sup id="cite_ref-lancet_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lancet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Per the <a href="/wiki/UN_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Office on Drugs and Crime">UN Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (UNODC) in Colombia there were 4,644 basuco users in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> alone; the drug's illicitness and accompanying homelessness prohibit an accurate count.<sup id="cite_ref-lancet_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lancet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since September 2012, a "Mobile Centre for Attention to Drug Addicts" (CAMAD) has been providing basic human services with an interdisciplinary team moving by bus in Bogota's worst affected neighbourhoods and working in a prison. Three hospitals participate with walk-in treatment, amongst them the public Hospital Centro Oriente.<sup id="cite_ref-lancet_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lancet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Bogot%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Bogotá">Mayor of Bogotá</a> and current <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a>, established CAMAD before finishing his second term as mayor in October 2015, and the future of the program is uncertain. Since CAMAD cannot offer services such as HIV testing, <a href="/wiki/Needle_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Needle exchange">needle exchange</a>, or safe injection sites, its "current levels of progress are not comparable with those of countries that have invested greater resources in the implementation of such schemes", per UNODOC. CAMAD has been criticised by a Colombian non-governmental organisation called "Technical Social Action" (ATS) for not doing enough, and also by "right-leaning politicians and the public for negotiating terms with the criminal gangs that control [certain] areas".<sup id="cite_ref-lancet_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lancet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paco_in_Argentina,_Brazil_and_Uruguay"><span id="Paco_in_Argentina.2C_Brazil_and_Uruguay"></span><i>Paco</i> in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paco in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cocaine paste is very popular through several <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> countries including <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and is referred to as <i>paco</i> or <i>pasta base</i> in Brazil, Uruguay and Chile. Between 2001 and 2005, the use of <i>paco</i> in Argentina increased by 200%, with more than 150,000 young people taking it regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemonde-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, crackdowns in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> forced traffickers to move to Argentina to produce cocaine which, according to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, is ideal for its "advanced chemical industry, [its] porous border with Bolivia and a notoriously corrupt police force." Eventually, this prompted traffickers to sell their byproduct to locals.<sup id="cite_ref-lat-p2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-p2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use underscores a significant shift in both Argentina and its larger neighbour Brazil, both of which in just a few years have become sizable cocaine consumers. Brazil now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2015)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> ranks as the second largest total consumer of cocaine in the world after the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, per the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slang_terms">Slang terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Slang terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paco</li> <li>Basoco</li> <li>Pico</li> <li>Base</li> <li>Tubo</li> <li>Pasta Base</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Angustia (<i>anguish</i>)</li> <li>Cocaína de los pobres (<i>poor man's cocaine</i>)</li> <li>Pasta (<i>Paste</i>)</li> <li>Pasta Base (<i>Base Paste</i>)</li> <li>Pastero (<i>Paste user</i>)</li> <li>Palo Rosa (Mixed with <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>)</li> <li>Mono (<i>Monkey</i>, also <i>withdrawal symptom</i>. Mixed with <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li>Marciano (<i>Martian</i>. Mixed with <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pasta di coca</li> <li>Base</li> <li>Boccia</li> <li>Cruda</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco">Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>L'boufa / L'poufa<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oxi">Oxi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Oxi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Oxi</i> (abbr. from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oxidado" class="extiw" title="wikt:oxidado">oxidado</a></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">stimulant</a> drug based on cocaine paste originally developed in the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Amazon" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Amazon">Brazilian Amazon</a> forest region.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is reportedly a mixture of cocaine paste, <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quicklime" class="mw-redirect" title="Quicklime">quicklime</a> (calcium oxide).<sup id="cite_ref-guardian1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This description may be a garbled account of an acid-base extraction procedure. Its popularity has soared in the last decade, in part due to its strongly addictive effect and lower price than other common drugs. While in the 1980s it could be found mainly in the Amazon region, the police in major Brazilian cities have recently reported significant drug arrests.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cocaine" title="Black cocaine">Black cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tar_heroin" title="Black tar heroin">Black tar heroin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_cocaine" title="Crack cocaine">Crack cocaine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRonald_K._Siegel1985" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_K._Siegel" title="Ronald K. Siegel">Ronald K. Siegel</a> (1985), "New Patterns of Cocaine Use: Changing Doses and Routes", in Nicholas J. Kozel; Edgar H. Adams (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009021412/http://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/monographs/61.pdf"><i>Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, NIDA Research Monograph, vol. 61, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, pp. 204–222, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/monographs/61.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Patterns+of+Cocaine+Use%3A+Changing+Doses+and+Routes&rft.btitle=Cocaine+Use+in+America%3A+Epidemiologic+and+Clinical+Perspectives&rft.series=NIDA+Research+Monograph&rft.pages=204-222&rft.pub=U.S.+Dept.+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Ronald+K.+Siegel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.drugabuse.gov%2Fpdf%2Fmonographs%2F61.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACocaine+paste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Arif1987" class="citation cs2">A. Arif, ed. (1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/37270/1/9241561076.pdf"><i>Adverse health consequences of cocaine abuse</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, World Health Organization</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adverse+health+consequences+of+cocaine+abuse&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2F10665%2F37270%2F1%2F9241561076.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACocaine+paste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn2006" class="citation news cs1">Hearn, Kelly (5 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0405/p04s01-woam.html">"A new scourge sweeps through Argentine ghettos: 'paco'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>Paco is cheap. It usually goes for about 30 cents a dose, enough for a powerful two-minute high.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=A+new+scourge+sweeps+through+Argentine+ghettos%3A+%27paco%27&rft.date=2006-04-05&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2006%2F0405%2Fp04s01-woam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACocaine+paste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071102061634/http://ar.news.yahoo.com/s/31102007/43/n-argentina-nuevo-precio-paco.html">"El nuevo precio del paco"</a>. <i>ar.news.yahoo.com</i> (in Spanish). 31 October 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Bogot%C3%A1+tackles+basuco+addiction&rft.volume=386&rft.issue=9998&rft.pages=1027-1028&rft.date=2015-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5224411%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26382982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2815%2900189-0&rft.au=Joe+Parkin+Daniels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Fjournals%2Flancet%2Farticle%2FPIIS0140-6736%2815%2900189-0%2Ffulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACocaine+paste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6896056.stm">"Drugs scourge takes hold in Argentina"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 29 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 2011-10-10.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocaine_paste&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unodc.org/pdf/brazil/Paco%20Under%20Scrutiny-%20The%20cocaine%20base%20paste%20market%20in%20Argentina,%20Uruguay%20and%20Brazil.pdf">Paco Under Scrutiny: The cocaine base paste market in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602061501/http://www.unodc.org/pdf/brazil/Paco%20Under%20Scrutiny-%20The%20cocaine%20base%20paste%20market%20in%20Argentina,%20Uruguay%20and%20Brazil.pdf">Archived</a> 2 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0405/p04s01-woam.html">A new scourge sweeps through Argentine ghettos: 'paco'</a> Christian Science Monitor</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/30/world/americas/30argentina.html">Lost in an abyss of Drugs, and entangled by poverty</a> New York Times, July 30, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/21/buenos-aires-slum-drugs-paco">The 10p cocaine by-product turning Argentina's slum children into the living dead</a> The Observer, February 21, 2010</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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