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endophytic</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: endophytic"> <meta name="keywords" content="endophytic"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="endophytic"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 39</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: endophytic</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Morphological and Molecular Identification of Endophytic Colletotrichum Species from Medicinal Plants and Their Antimicrobial Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gauravi%20Agarkar">Gauravi Agarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Rai"> Mahendra Rai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants are important source of numerous pharmacologically important compounds. In the present investigation, the endophytic fungi were isolated from three medicinal plants; Andrographis paniculata, Rauwolfia serpentina and Tridax procumbens. Endophytic Colletotrichum sp. were identified on the basis of cultural and morphological characteristics as well as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the ethyl acetate and methanol extract of endophytic Colletotrichum sp. was evaluated against seven different human pathogenic bacteria and six Candida sp. The extracts were effective and showed significant activity against all the test pathogens. In case of yeast Candida, the combined effect of extracts and standard antibiotic was enhanced greatly showing synergistic activity. Further, the extracts were assayed for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) where, MIC values were in the range of 100-250 μg/ml. These results suggest that the endophytic Colletotrichum sp. isolated from the medicinal plants are capable of producing promising antimicrobial metabolites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colletotrichum" title=" colletotrichum"> colletotrichum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20309/morphological-and-molecular-identification-of-endophytic-colletotrichum-species-from-medicinal-plants-and-their-antimicrobial-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Growth of Albizia in vitro: Endophytic Fungi as Plant Growth Promote of Albizia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reine%20Suci%20Wulandari">Reine Suci Wulandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20Suryantini"> Rosa Suryantini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria) is a woody plant species that has a high economic value and multifunctional. Albizia is important timber, medicinal plants and can also be used as a plant to rehabilitate critical lands. The demand value of Albizia is increased so that the large quantities and high quality of seeds are required. In vitro propagation techniques are seed propagation that can produce more seeds and quality in a short time. In vitro cultures require growth regulators that can be obtained from biological agents such as endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are micro fungi that colonize live plant tissue without producing symptoms or other negative effects on host plants and increase plant growth. The purposes of this research were to isolate and identify endophytic fungi isolated from the root of Albizia and to study the effect of endophytic fungus on the growth of Albizia in vitro. The methods were root isolation, endophytic fungal identification, and inoculation of endophytic fungi to Albizia plants in vitro. Endophytic fungus isolates were grown on PDA media before being inoculated with Albizia sprouts. Incubation is done for 4 (four) weeks. The observed growth parameters were live explant percentage, percentage of explant shoot, and percentage of explant rooted. The results of the research showed that 6 (six) endophytic fungal isolates obtained from the root of Albizia, namely Aspergillus sp., Verticillium sp, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., and Acremonium sp. Statistical analysis found that Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. affect in vitro growth of Albizia. Endophytic fungi from the results of this research were potential as plant growth promoting. It can be applied to increase productivity either through increased plant growth and increased endurance of Albizia seedlings to pests and diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albizia" title="Albizia">Albizia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74725/growth-of-albizia-in-vitro-endophytic-fungi-as-plant-growth-promote-of-albizia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Media Manipulations and the Culture of Beneficial Endophytic Fungi in the Leaves and Stem Bark of Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akwu%20A.%20Nneka">Akwu A. Nneka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naidoo"> Naidoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yougasphree"> Yougasphree</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significantly high number of microbes exist in higher plants; these microbes include bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. There are reports on the benefits of endophytic fungi and their products of metabolism to the host plant and man, consequently, it is expedient to explore the changes that could arise as a result of manipulating their growth media. Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. (Malvaceae) is an indigenous Southern African plant, that belongs to a genus with known medicinal properties. Three media were used to culture the endophytic fungi viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), and Bacteriological Agar (BA) were used singly, and supplemented with three dilutions of the leaves and stem bark extracts. The manipulated growth media composition had a significant effect on the diversity of the isolated fungal populations. Several endophytic fungi were isolated; their distribution and diversity revealed a significant relatedness with the manipulated media. The media supplemented with the plant extracts was observed to give a significant increase in the growth rate and yield of the endophytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the endophytic fungi present in the leaves and stem bark of G. lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grewia%20lasiocarpa" title="Grewia lasiocarpa">Grewia lasiocarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-based%20extracts" title=" plant-based extracts"> plant-based extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malvaceae" title=" Malvaceae"> Malvaceae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123827/media-manipulations-and-the-culture-of-beneficial-endophytic-fungi-in-the-leaves-and-stem-bark-of-grewia-lasiocarpa-e-mey-ex-harv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Prevalence and Fungicidal Activity of Endophytic Micromycetes of Plants in Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyudmila%20V.%20Ignatova">Lyudmila V. Ignatova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelena%20V.%20Brazhnikova"> Yelena V. Brazhnikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Togzhan%20D.%20Mukasheva"> Togzhan D. Mukasheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramza%20Zh.%20Berzhanova"> Ramza Zh. Berzhanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anel%20A.%20Omirbekova"> Anel A. Omirbekova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytic microorganisms are presented in plants of different families growing in the foothills and piedmont plains of Trans-Ili Alatau. It was found that the maximum number of endophytic micromycetes is typical to the Fabaceae family. The number of microscopic fungi in the roots reached (145.9±5.9)×103 CFU/g of plant tissue; yeasts - (79.8±3.5)×102 CFU/g of plant tissue. Basically, endophytic microscopic fungi are typical for underground parts of plants. In contrast, yeasts more infected aboveground parts of plants. Small amount of micromycetes is typical to inflorescence and fruits. Antagonistic activity of selected micromycetes against Fusarium graminearum, Cladosporium sp., Phytophtora infestans and Botrytis cinerea phytopathogens was detected. Strains with a broad, narrow and limited range of action were identified. For further investigations Rh2 and T7 strains were selected, they are characterized by a broad spectrum of fungicidal activity and they formed the large inhibition zones against phytopathogens. Active antagonists are attributed to the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Beauveria bassiana species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20micromycetes" title="endophytic micromycetes">endophytic micromycetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicidal%20activity" title=" fungicidal activity"> fungicidal activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plants" title=" plants"> plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10202/prevalence-and-fungicidal-activity-of-endophytic-micromycetes-of-plants-in-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Biotransformation of Monoterpenes by Whole Cells of Eleven Praxelis clematidea-Derived Endophytic Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daomao%20Yang">Daomao Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qizhi%20Wang"> Qizhi Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monoterpenoids are mainly found in plant essential oils and they are ideal substrates for biotransformation into oxygen-containing derivatives with important commercial value due to their low price and simple structure. In this paper, eleven strains of endophytic fungi from <em>Praxelis clematidea</em> were used as test strains to conduct the whole cell biotransformation of the monoterpenoids: (+)-limonene, (-)-limonene and myrcene. The fungi were inoculated in 50 ml Sabouraud medium and incubated at 30 ℃ with the agitation of 150 r/min for 6 d, and then 0.5% (v/v) substrates were added into the medium and biotransformed for further 3 d. Afterwards the cultures were filtered, and extracted using equal volume of ethyl acetate. The metabolites were analyzed by GC-MS technique with NIST database. The Total Ion Chromatogram of the extractions from the eleven strains showed that the main product of (+)- and (-)-limonene biotransformation was limonene-1,2-diol, while it is limonene and linalool oxide for biotransformation of myrcene. This work will help screen the microorganisms to biotransform the monoterpenes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title="endophytic fungi">endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28%2B%29%E2%80%93limonene" title=" (+)–limonene"> (+)–limonene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28-%29%E2%80%93limonene" title=" (-)–limonene"> (-)–limonene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myrcene" title=" myrcene"> myrcene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132414/biotransformation-of-monoterpenes-by-whole-cells-of-eleven-praxelis-clematidea-derived-endophytic-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Isolation and Identification Fibrinolytic Protease Endophytic Fungi from Hibiscus Leaves in Shah Alam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Sidek%20Ahmad">Mohd Sidek Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainon%20Mohd%20Noor"> Zainon Mohd Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaidah%20Zainal%20Ariffin"> Zaidah Zainal Ariffin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fibrin degradation is an important part in prevention or treatment of intravascular thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. Plasmin like fibrinolytic enzymes has given new hope to patient with cardiovascular diseases by treating fibrin aggregation related diseases with traditional plasminogen activator which have many side effects. Various researches involving wide range of sources for production of fibrinolytic proteases, from bacteria, fungi, insects and fermented foods. But few have looked into endophytic fungi as a potential source. Sixteen (16) endophytic fungi were isolated from Hibiscus sp. leaves from six different locations in Shah Alam, Selangor. Only two endophytic fungi, FH3 and S13 showed positive fibrinolytic protease activities. FH3 produced 5.78cm and S13 produced 4.48cm on Skim Milk Agar after 4 days of incubation at 27°C. Fibrinolytic activity was observed; 3.87cm and 1.82cm diameter clear zone on fibrin plate of FH3 and S13 respectively. 18srRNA was done for identification of the isolated fungi with positive fibrinolytic protease. S13 had the highest similarity (100%) to that of Penicillium citrinum strain TG2 and FH3 had the highest similarity (99%) to that of Fusarium sp. FW2PhC1, Fusarium sp. 13002, Fusarium sp. 08006, Fusarium equiseti strain Salicorn 8 and Fungal sp. FCASAn-2. Media composition variation showed the effects of carbon nitrogen on protein concentration, where the decrement of 50% of media composition caused drastic decrease in protease of FH3 from 1.081 to 0.056 and also S13 from 2.946 to 0.198. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title="isolation">isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibrinolytic%20protease" title=" fibrinolytic protease"> fibrinolytic protease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hibiscus%20leaves" title=" Hibiscus leaves"> Hibiscus leaves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15095/isolation-and-identification-fibrinolytic-protease-endophytic-fungi-from-hibiscus-leaves-in-shah-alam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacteria against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Isolation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Beiranvand">Maryam Beiranvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Yaghoubi"> Sajad Yaghoubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Some microbes can colonize plants’ inner tissues without causing obvious damage and can even produce useful bioactive substances. In the present study, the diversity of the endophytic bacteria associated with medicinal plants from Iran was investigated by culturing techniques, molecular gene identification, as well as measuring them for antibacterial activity. Results: In the spring season from 2013 to 2014, 35 herb pharmacology samples were collected, sterilized, meshed, and then cultured on selective media culture. A total of 199 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from 35 tissue cultures of medical plants, and sixty-seven out of 199 bacterial isolates were subjected to identification by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis method. Based on the sequence similarity gene and phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were grouped into five classes, fourteen orders, seventeen families, twenty-one genera, and forty strains. The most abundant group of endophytic bacteria was actinobacterial, consisting of thirty-two (47%) out of 67 bacterial isolates. Ten (22.3%) out of 67 bacterial isolates remained unidentiﬁed and classified at the genus level. The signature of the 16S rRNA gene formed a distinct line in a phylogenetic tree showing that they might be new species of bacteria. One (5.2%) out of 67 bacterial isolates was still not well categorized. Forty-two out of 67 strains were candidates for antimicrobial activity tests. Nineteen (45%) out of 42 strains showed antimicrobial activity multidrug resistance (MDR); thirteen (68%) out of 19 strains were allocated to classes actinobacteria. Four (21%) out of 19 strains belonged to the Bacillaceae family, one (5.2%) out of 19 strains was the Paenibacillaceae family, and one (5.2%) out of 19 strains belonged to the Pseudomonadaceae family. The other twenty-three strains did not show inhibitory activities. Conclusions: Our research showed a high-level phylogenetic diversity and the intoxicating antibiotic activity of endophytic bacteria in the herb pharmacology of Iran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antibacterial%20activity" title="Antibacterial activity">Antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20bacteria" title=" endophytic bacteria"> endophytic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug-resistant%20bacteria" title=" multidrug-resistant bacteria"> multidrug-resistant bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20genom%20sequencing" title=" whole genom sequencing"> whole genom sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164258/antibacterial-activity-of-endophytic-bacteria-against-multidrug-resistant-bacteria-isolation-characterization-and-antibacterial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Isolation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacteria from Iranian Medicinal Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Beiranvand">Maryam Beiranvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Yaghoubi"> Sajad Yaghoubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Some microbes can colonize plants’ inner tissues without causing obvious damage and can even produce useful bioactive substances. In the present study, the diversity of the endophytic bacteria associated with medicinal plants from Iran was investigated by culturing techniques, molecular gene identification, as well as measuring them for antibacterial activity. Results: In the spring season from 2013 to 2014, 35 herb pharmacology samples were collected, sterilized, meshed, and then cultured on selective media culture. A total of 199 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from 35 tissue cultures of medical plants, and sixty-seven out of 199 bacterial isolates were subjected to identification by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis method. Based on the sequence similarity gene and phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were grouped into five classes, fourteen orders, seventeen families, twenty-one genera, and forty strains. The most abundant group of endophytic bacteria was actinobacterial, consisting of thirty-two (47%) out of 67 bacterial isolates. Ten (22.3%) out of 67 bacterial isolates remained unidentiﬁed and classified at the genus level. The signature of the 16S rRNA gene formed a distinct line in a phylogenetic tree showing that they might be new species of bacteria. One (5.2%) out of 67 bacterial isolates was still not well categorized. Forty-two out of 67 strains were candidates for antimicrobial activity tests. Nineteen (45%) out of 42 strains showed antimicrobial activity multidrug-resistance (MDR); thirteen (68%) out of 19 strains were allocated to classes actinobacteria. Four (21%) out of 19 strains belonged to the Bacillaceae family, one (5.2%) out of 19 strains was the Paenibacillaceae family, and one (5.2%) out of 19 strains belonged to the Pseudomonadaceae family. The other twenty-three strains did not show inhibitory activities. Conclusions: Our research showed a high-level phylogenetic diversity and the intoxicating antibiotic activity of endophytic bacteria in the herb pharmacology of Iran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20plant" title="medical plant">medical plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20bacteria" title=" endophytic bacteria"> endophytic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20genome%20sequencing%20analysis" title=" whole genome sequencing analysis"> whole genome sequencing analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164252/isolation-characterization-and-antibacterial-activity-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-iranian-medicinal-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> The Existence of Beauveria bassiana in the Third Generation of Corn Seedling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itji%20Diana%20Daud">Itji Diana Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuniek%20Widiayani"> Nuniek Widiayani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fungus Beauveria bassiana can be endophytic in maize. The fungus was recovered in culture from stems, leaves and roots after a month planting. This phenomenon was shown until the third generation of the corn. The result from laboratory shows that B. bassiana appear in F1, F2 and F3 in order 70, 80 and 90% in the roots, 80% in the stems in all generation, 90, 80 and 70% in leaves. In CFU’s ml-1 of B. bassiana in corn seed, show F1 was 8.9 x 106, F2 was 8.1 x 106 and F3 was 7.8 x 106. The research showed that B. Bassiana as endophyte still remain to the third generation. Innovation to the corn seed which is endophyte seed is essential to protect from the attack of corn borer and to avoid the usage of insecticide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic" title="endophytic">endophytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovered" title=" recovered"> recovered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20generation" title=" third generation"> third generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beauveria%20bassiana" title=" Beauveria bassiana"> Beauveria bassiana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41128/the-existence-of-beauveria-bassiana-in-the-third-generation-of-corn-seedling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Effect of Biostimulants on Downstream Processing of Endophytic Fungi Hosted in Aromatic Plant, Ocimum basicilium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanika%20Chowdhary">Kanika Chowdhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyawati%20Sharma"> Satyawati Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytic microbes are hosted inside plants in a symbiotic and hugely benefitting relationship. Exploring agriculturally beneficial endophytes is quite a prospective field of research. In the present work fungal endophytes associated with aromatic plant Ocimum basicilium L. were investigated for biocontrol potential. The anti-plant pathogenic activity of fungal endophytes was tested against causal agent of stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. 75 endophytic fungi were recovered through culture-dependent approach. Fungal identification was performed both microscopically and by rDNA ITS sequencing. Curvuaria lunata (Sb-6) and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sb-8) inhibited 86% and 72% mycelia growth of S. sclerotinia on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium at 7.4 pH. Small-scale fermentation was carried out on sterilised oatmeal grain medium. In another set of experiment, fungi were grown in oatmeal grain medium amended with certain biostimulants such as aqueous seaweed extract (10% v/w); methanolic seaweed extract (5% v/w); cow urine (20% v/w); biochar (10% w/w) in triplicate along with control of each to ascertain the degree of metabolic difference and anti-plant pathogenic activity induced. Phytochemically extracts of both the fungal isolates showed the presence of flavanoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Ethylacetate extract of C. lunata and C. lindemuthianum suppressed S. sclerotinia conidial germination at IC50 values of 0.514± 0.02 and 0.913± 0.04 mg/ml. Therefore, fungal endophytes of O. basicilium are highly promising bio-resource agent, which can be developed further for sustainable agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title="endophytic fungi">endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocimum%20basicilium" title=" ocimum basicilium"> ocimum basicilium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sclerotinia%20sclerotiorum" title=" sclerotinia sclerotiorum"> sclerotinia sclerotiorum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biostimulants" title=" biostimulants"> biostimulants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86687/effect-of-biostimulants-on-downstream-processing-of-endophytic-fungi-hosted-in-aromatic-plant-ocimum-basicilium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Root-Nodules of Medicago sativa in Al-Ahasa Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Y.%20Z.%20Khalifa">Ashraf Y. Z. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Almalki"> Mohammed A. Almalki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) is an important forage crop legume worldwide including Saudia Arabia due to its high nutritive value. Soil bacteria exist in root or root-nodules of Medicago sativa in either symbiotic relationships or in associations. The aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria that live in association with non-nodulated roots of Medicago sativa growing in Al-Ahsaa region, Saudia Arabia. Several bacterial strains were isolated from sterilized roots of Medicago sativa. Strains were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic relationships analysis, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The strains utilized 50% (10 out of 20) of the different chemical substrates contained in the API20E strip. In general, many strains had the ability to ferment/oxidise all the carbohydrate tested except for rhamnose and the polyol carbohydrate, inositol. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene indicated that the strains were closely related to the genus Bacillus. Furthermore, the growth parameters of Vigna sinensis were enhanced upon single-inoculation of the isolated strains, compared to the uninoculated control plants. The results highlighted that the root-nodules of Medicago sativa harbor non-nodulating bacterial strains that could have significant agricultural applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medicago%20sativa" title="Medicago sativa">Medicago sativa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20bacteria" title=" endophytic bacteria"> endophytic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pisum%20sativum" title=" Pisum sativum"> Pisum sativum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vigna%20sinensis" title=" Vigna sinensis"> Vigna sinensis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7225/isolation-and-characterization-of-endophytic-bacteria-associated-with-root-nodules-of-medicago-sativa-in-al-ahasa-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Molecular Profiling and Potential Bioactive Characteristics of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Leptadenia Pyrotechnica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walaa%20Al-Maghraby">Walaa Al-Maghraby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytes are organisms that colonize internal plant tissues without causing apparent harm to their host. Almost all groups of microorganisms have been found in endophytic association with plants may be fungi. They stimulate the production of secondary metabolites with a diverse range of biological activities. Leptadenia pyrotechnica is a more or less leafless, erect shrub with straight stems which is highly distributed in Saudi Arabia. Four endophytes fungi were isolated from Leptadenia pyrotechnica and identified using 18S ribosomal RNA sequences, which revealed four fungi genuses, namely Aspergillus terreus; Aspergillus welwitschiae; Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. In this present study, four endophytic fungi from Leptadenia pyrotechnica were used for obtaining crude aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts for antimicrobial screening against 6 human pathogens, the antibacterial tests presented satisfactory results, where the pathogenic bacteria were inhibited by the four extracts tested, except for Escherichia coli that was inhibited by all extracts except ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus terreus. Analysis of variance showed that the extract produced by endophyte Leptadenia pyrotechnica was the most effective against all bacteria, either gram-negative or positive. However, the extract was not efficient against pathogenic fungi. Therefore, this study indicates that endophytes from medicinal plant Leptadenia pyrotechnica could be potential sources of antibacterial substances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20sp" title=" Aspergillus sp"> Aspergillus sp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytes" title=" endophytes"> endophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leptadenia%20pyrotechnica" title=" Leptadenia pyrotechnica"> Leptadenia pyrotechnica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120642/molecular-profiling-and-potential-bioactive-characteristics-of-endophytic-fungi-isolated-from-leptadenia-pyrotechnica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Crop Genotype and Inoculum Density Influences Plant Growth and Endophytic Colonization Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed">Muhammad Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Yousaf"> Sohail Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahir%20Ahmad%20Zahir"> Zahir Ahmad Zahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birgit%20Mitter"> Birgit Mitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Sessitsch"> Angela Sessitsch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most bacterial endophytes originate from the soil and enter plants via the roots followed by further spread through the inner tissues. The mechanisms allowing bacteria to colonize plants endophytically are still poorly understood for most bacterial and plant species. Specific bacterial functions are required for plant colonization, but also the plant itself is a determining factor as bacterial ability to establish endophytic populations is very often dependent on the plant genotype (cultivar) and inoculums density. The effect of inoculum density (107, 108, 109 CFU mL-1) of Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN was evaluated on growth and endophytic colonization of different maize and potato cultivars under axenic and natural soil conditions. PsJN inoculation significantly increased maize seedling growth and tuber yield of potato at all inoculum density compared to uninoculated control. Under axenic condition, PsJN inoculation (108 CFU mL-1) significantly improved the germination, root/shoot length and biomass up to 62, 115, 98 and 135% of maize seedling compared to uninoculated control. In case of potato, PsJN inoculation (109 CFU mL-1) showed maximum response and significantly increased root/shoot biomass and tuber yield under natural soil condition. We confirmed that PsJN is able to colonize the rhizosphere, roots and shoots of maize and potato cultivars. The endophytic colonization increased linearly with increasing inoculum density (within a range of 8 x 104 – 3 x 107 CFU mL-1) and were highest for maize (Morignon) and potato (Romina) as compared to other cultivars. Efficient colonization of cv. Morignon and Romina by strain PsJN indicates the specific cultivar colonizing capacity of the bacteria. The findings of the study indicate the non-significant relationship between colonization and plant growth promotion in maize under axenic conditions. However, the inoculum level (109 CFU mL-1) that promoted colonization of rhizosphere and plant interior (endophytic) also best promoted growth and tuber yield of potato under natural soil conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20genotype" title="crop genotype">crop genotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inoculum%20density" title=" inoculum density"> inoculum density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burkholderia%20phytofirmans%20PsJN" title=" Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN"> Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonization" title=" colonization"> colonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20888/crop-genotype-and-inoculum-density-influences-plant-growth-and-endophytic-colonization-potential-of-plant-growth-promoting-bacterium-burkholderia-phytofirmans-psjn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Lifestyle Switching Phenomenon of Plant Associated Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gauravi%20Agarkar">Gauravi Agarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Rai"> Mahendra Rai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fungi are closely associated with the plants in various types of interactions such as mycorrhizal, parasitic or endophytic. Some of these interactions are beneficial and a few are harmful to the host plants. It has been suggested that these plant-associated fungi are able to change their lifestyle abd this means endophyte may become parasite or vice versa. This phenomenon may have profound effect on plant-fungal interactions and various ecological niches. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors that trigger the change in fungal lifestyle and understand whether these different lifestyles are interconnected at some points either by physiological, biochemical or molecular routes. This review summarizes the factors affecting plant fungal interactions and discusses the possible mechanisms for lifestyles switching of fungi based on available experimental evidences. Research should be boosted in this direction to fetch more advantages in future and to avoid the severe consequences in agriculture and other related fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic" title="endophytic">endophytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle%20switching" title=" lifestyle switching"> lifestyle switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycorrhizal" title=" mycorrhizal"> mycorrhizal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitic" title=" parasitic"> parasitic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-fungal%20interactions" title=" plant-fungal interactions"> plant-fungal interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23774/lifestyle-switching-phenomenon-of-plant-associated-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Tomato Endophytes Trichoderma asperellum AAUTLF and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia D1B Exhibits Plant Growth-Promotion and Fusarium Wilt Suppression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandana%20Saikia">Bandana Saikia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Bhattacharyya"> Ashok Bhattacharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytic microbes and their metabolites positively impact overall plant health, which may have a potential implication in agriculture. In the present study, 177 bacterial endophytes and 57 fungal endophytes were isolated, with the highest recovery rate from tomato roots. A maximum of 112 endophytes were isolated during monsoon, followed by 64 isolates and 58 isolates isolated during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, respectively, indicating the rich diversity in bacterial and fungal endophytes of tomato crops from different locations of Assam, India. Further, the endophytes were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Fungal endophytic isolate AAUTLF (Endophytic Fungi of Tomato Leaf from Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India area) and bacterial endophyte D1B (Endophytic bacteria of tomato from Dhemiji, India district) showed the highest antifungal activity against the pathogen both in vitro and in vivo. Based on 5.8 rDNA sequence analysis of fungal and 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria endophytes, the most effective fungal and bacterial isolates against FOL were identified as Trichoderma asperellum AAUTLF and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia D1B, respectively. The isolates showed an antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in-vitro and reduced the disease index of Fusarium wilt in tomatoes by 64.4% under pot conditions. Trichoderma asperellum AAUTLF produced an antifungal compound viz., 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, which also possesses growth-promoting characteristics. The bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia D1B produced antifungal compounds, including benzothiazole, oleic acid, phenylacetic acid, and 3-(Hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-2,3-dimethyl-octan-4-one. This would be of high importance for the source of antagonistic strains and biocontrol of tomato Fusarium wilt, as well as other plant fungal diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20endophytes" title="root endophytes">root endophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stemotrophomonas" title=" Stemotrophomonas"> Stemotrophomonas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichoderma" title=" Trichoderma"> Trichoderma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzothiazole" title=" benzothiazole"> benzothiazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one" title=" 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one"> 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165567/tomato-endophytes-trichoderma-asperellum-aautlf-and-stenotrophomonas-maltophilia-d1b-exhibits-plant-growth-promotion-and-fusarium-wilt-suppression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Investigation of Clubroot Disease Occurrence under Chemical and Organic Soil Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakirul%20Islam">Zakirul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yugo%20Kumokawa"> Yugo Kumokawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quoc%20Thinh%20Tran"> Quoc Thinh Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motoki%20Kubo"> Motoki Kubo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clubroot is a disease of cruciferous plant caused by soil born pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae and can significantly limit the production through rapid spreading. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of cultivation practices (chemical and organic soils) on clubroot disease development in Brassica rapa. Disease index and root bacterial composition were investigated for both chemical and organic soils. The bacterial biomass and diversity in organic soil were higher than those in chemical soil. Disease severity was distinct for two different cultivation methods. The number of endophytic bacteria decreased in the infected root for both soils. The increased number of endophytic bacterial number led to reduce the proliferation of pathogen spore inside the root and thus reduced the disease severity in organic plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clubroot%20disease" title="clubroot disease">clubroot disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20biomass" title=" bacterial biomass"> bacterial biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20infection" title=" root infection"> root infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20index" title=" disease index"> disease index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20cultivation" title=" chemical cultivation"> chemical cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20cultivation" title=" organic cultivation"> organic cultivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169607/investigation-of-clubroot-disease-occurrence-under-chemical-and-organic-soil-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Endophytic Fungi Recovered from Lycium arabicum as an Eco-Friendly Alternative for Fusarium Crown and Root Rot Disease Control and Tomato Growth Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlem%20Nefzi">Ahlem Nefzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20Aydi%20Ben%20Abdallah"> Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayfa%20Jabnoun-Khiareddine"> Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Nawaim"> Ammar Nawaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabiaa%20Haouala"> Rabiaa Haouala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mejda%20Daami-Remadi"> Mejda Daami-Remadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the wild Solanaceous species Lycium arabicum growing in the Tunisian Centre-East and were assessed for their ability to suppress Fusarium Crown and Root Rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) and to enhance plant growth. Fungal isolates were shown able to colonize tomato cv. Rio Grande roots, crowns, and stems. A significant promotion in all studied growth parameters (root length, shoot height, and roots and shoots fresh weight) was recorded in tomato plants treated with fungal conidial suspensions or their cell-free culture filtrates compared to FORL-inoculated or pathogen-free controls. I15 and I18 isolates were shown to be the most effective leading to 85.7-87.5 and 93.6-98.4% decrease in leaf and root damage index and the vascular discoloration extent, respectively, over FORL-inoculated and untreated control. These two bioactive and growth-promoting isolates (I15 and I18) were morphologically characterized and identified using rDNA sequencing gene as being Alternaria alternata (MF693801) and Fusarium fujikuroi (MF693802). These fungi significantly suppressed FORL mycelial growth and showed chitinolytic, proteolytic and amylase activities whereas only F. fujikuroi displayed a lipolytic activity. This study clearly demonstrated the potential use of fungi naturally associated with L. arabicum as biocontrol and bio-fertilizing agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title="biocontrol">biocontrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.%20sp.%20radicis-lycopersici" title=" Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici"> Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20promotion" title=" tomato promotion"> tomato promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lycium%20arabicum" title=" Lycium arabicum"> Lycium arabicum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90549/endophytic-fungi-recovered-from-lycium-arabicum-as-an-eco-friendly-alternative-for-fusarium-crown-and-root-rot-disease-control-and-tomato-growth-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytes on some Selected Clinical Isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Pseudomomonas aeruginosa and Penicillium chryysogenum)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawang%20D.%20N.">Dawang D. N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dasat%20G.%20S."> Dasat G. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nden%20D."> Nden D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophyte means “in the plant” are referred to all microorganisms that live in the internal tissues of stems, petioles, roots and leaves of plants causing no apparent symptoms of disease. Secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes have an enormous potential applications as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and antidiabeties. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of these metabolites against some clinical isolates. The fungi were subjected to fermentation medium and the metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. The fungal extracts showed both antibacterial and antifungal activities with maximum zone of inhibition diameter of 10.5mm against Aspergillus fumigatus. Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by all the five crude extracts with inhibition zone diameter of 4mm. Endophytic fungal crude extract2 (EDF2) exhibited antimicrobial effect against all the test organisms used, EDF4 was active against all test organisms except on Penicillium chrysogenum and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial standard of ciprofloxacin which is 15mm is comparable to the effect of endophytic extract of EDF1 and EDF2. Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to EDF4 and EDF5. EDF3 showed a wide range of antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms used. The highest inhibition zone diameter of 10.50mm recorded against Aspergillus fumigatus is comparable to antifungal standard of fluconazole (15.5mm). The result of this study suggests that endophytic fungi associated with the roots of Irish potato could be a promising source of novel bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical and industrial importance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophyte" title="endophyte">endophyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20extract" title=" fungal extract"> fungal extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161317/antimicrobial-activity-of-endophytes-on-some-selected-clinical-isolates-escherichia-coli-staphylococcus-aureus-salmonella-typhi-bacillus-subtilis-klebsiella-pneumoniae-aspergillus-fumigatus-pseudomomonas-aeruginosa-and-penicillium-chryysogenum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Comparative Production of Secondary Metabolites by Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman Provenances in Cameroon and Some Associated Endophytic Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20M.%20Ntuba-Jua">Gloria M. Ntuba-Jua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afui%20M.%20Mih"> Afui M. Mih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eneke%20E.%20T.%20Bechem"> Eneke E. T. Bechem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman, commonly known as Pygeum or African cherry belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is a medium to large, evergreen tree with a spreading crown of 10 to 20 m. It is used by the traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of over 45ailments in Cameroon and sub-Sahara Africa. In modern medicine, it is used in the treatment of benign prostrate hyperplasia (BPH), prostate gland hypertrophy (enlarged prostate glands). This is possible because of its ability to produce some secondary metabolites which are believed to have bioactivity against these ailments. The ready international market for the sale of Prunus bark, uncontrolled exploitation, illegal harvesting using inappropriate techniques and poor timing of harvesting have contributed enormously to making the plant endangered. It is known to harbor a large number of endophytic fungi with the potential to produce similar secondary metabolites as the parent plant. Alternative sourcing of medicinal principles through endophytic fungi requires succinct knowledge of the endophytic fungi. This will serve as a conservation measure for Prunus africana by reducing dependence on Prunus bark for such metabolites. This work thus sought to compare the production of some major secondary metabolites produced by P. africana and some of its associated endophytic fungi. The leaves and stem bark of the plant from different provenances were soaked in methanol for 72 hrs to yield the methanolic crude extract. The phytochemical screening of the methanolic crude extracts using different standard procedures revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics and steroids. Pure cultures of some predominantly isolated endophyte species from the difference Prunus provenances such as Curvularia sp, and Morphospecies P001 were also grown in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) for 21 days and later extracted with Methylene dichloride (MDC) solvent after 24hrs to produce crude culture extracts. Qualitative assessment of crude culture extracts showed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, phenolics and steroids particularly β-Sitosterol, (a major bioactive metabolite) as did the plant tissues. Qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was done to confirm and compare the production of β-Sitosterol (as marker compounds) in the crude extracts of the plant and endophyte. Samples were loaded on TLC silica gel aluminium barked plate (Kieselgel 60 F254, 0.2 mm, Merck) using acetone/hexane, (3.0:7.0) solvent system. They were visualized under an ultra violet lamp (UV254 and UV360). TLC revealed that leaves had a higher concentration of β-sitosterol in terms of band intensity than stem barks from the different provenances. The intensity of β-sitosterol bands in the culture extracts of endophytes was comparable to the plant extracts except for Curvularia sp (very minute) whose band was very faint. The ability of these fungi to make β-sitosterol was confirmed by TLC analysis with the compound having chromatographic properties (retention factor) similar to those of β-sitosterol standard. The ability of these major endophytes to produce secondary metabolites similar to the host has therefore been demonstrated. There is, therefore, the potential of developing the in vitro production system of Prunus secondary metabolites thereby enhancing its conservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caneroon" title="Caneroon">Caneroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prunus%20africana" title=" Prunus africana"> Prunus africana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolite" title=" secondary metabolite"> secondary metabolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81073/comparative-production-of-secondary-metabolites-by-prunus-africana-hook-f-kalkman-provenances-in-cameroon-and-some-associated-endophytic-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Seed Associated Microbial Communities of Holoparasitic Cistanche Species from Armenia and Portugal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Petrosyan">K. Petrosyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Piwowarczyk"> R. Piwowarczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Rura%C5%BC"> K. Ruraż</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Thijs"> S. Thijs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Vangronsveld"> J. Vangronsveld</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Kaca"> W. Kaca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Holoparasitic plants are flowering heterotrophic angiosperms which with the help of an absorbing organ - haustorium, attach to another plant, the so-called the host. Due to the different hosts, unusual lifestyle, lack of roots, chlorophylls and photosynthesis, these plants are interesting and unique study objects for global biodiversity. The seeds germination of the parasitic plants also is unique: they germinate only in response to germination stimulants, namely strigolactones produced by the root of an appropriate host. Resistance of the seeds on different environmental conditions allow them to stay viable in the soil for more than 20 years. Among the wide range of plant protection mechanisms the endophytic communities have a specific role. In this way, they have the potential to mitigate the impacts of adverse conditions such as soil salinization. The major objective of our study was to compare the bacterial endo-microbiomes from seeds of two holoparasitic plants from Orobanchaceae family, Cistanche – C. armena (Armenia) and C. phelypaea (Portugal) – from saline habitats different in soil water status. The research aimed to perform how environmental conditions influence on the diversity of the bacterial communities of C. armena and C. phelypaea seeds. This was achieved by comparison of the endophytic microbiomes of two species and isolation of culturable bacteria. A combination of culture-dependent and molecular techniques was employed for the identification of the seed endomicrobiome (culturable and unculturable). Using the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, four main taxa were identified: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, but the relative proportion of the taxa was different in each type of seed. Generally, sixteen phyla, 323 genera and 710 bacterial species were identified, mainly Gram negative, halotolerant bacteria with an environmental origin. However, also some unclassified and unexplored taxonomic groups were found in the seeds of both plants. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis from both species identified the gram positive, endospore forming, halotolerant and alkaliphile Bacillus spp. which suggests that the endophytic bacteria of examined seeds possess traits that are correlated with the natural habitat of their hosts. The cultivable seed endophytes from C. armena and C. phelypaea were rather similar, notwithstanding the big distances between their growth habitats - Armenia and Portugal. Although the seed endophytic microbiomes of C. armena and C. phelypaea contain a high number of common bacterial taxa, also remarkable differences exist. We demonstrated that the environmental conditions or abiotic stresses influence on diversity of the bacterial communities of holoparasiotic seeds. To the best of our knowledge the research is the first report of endophytes from seeds of holoparasitic Cistanche armena and C. phelypaea plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title="microbiome">microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitic%20plant" title=" parasitic plant"> parasitic plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seeds" title=" seeds"> seeds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144216/seed-associated-microbial-communities-of-holoparasitic-cistanche-species-from-armenia-and-portugal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Enzyme Activities of Geosmithia pallida (KU693285): A Fungal Endophyte Associated with Brucea mollis Wall Ex. Kurz, an Endangered and Medicinal Plant of N. E. India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepanwita%20Deka">Deepanwita Deka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhruva%20Kumar%20Jha"> Dhruva Kumar Jha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytes are the microbes that colonize living, internal tissues of plants without causing any immediate, overt negative effects. Endophytes are rich source of therapeutic substances like antimicrobial, anticancerous, herbicidal, insecticidal, immunomodulatory compounds. Brucea mollis, commonly known as Quinine in Assam, belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, is a shrub or small tree, recorded as endangered species in North East India by CAMP survey in 2003. It is traditionally being used as antimalarial and antimicrobial agent and has antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, anticancer, diuretic, cardiovascular effect etc. Being endangered and medicinal; this plant may host certain noble endophytes which need to be studied in depth. The aim of the present study was isolation and identification of potent endophytic fungi from Brucea mollis, an endangered medicinal plant, to protect it from extinction due to over use for medicinal purposes. Aseptically collected leaves, barks and roots samples of healthy plants were washed and cut into a total of 648 segments of about 2 cm long and 0.5 cm broad with sterile knife, comprising 216 segments each from leaves, barks and roots. These segments were surface sterilized using ethanol, mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Different media viz., Czapeck-Dox-Agar (CDA, Himedia), Potato-Dextrose-Agar (PDA, Himedia), Malt Extract Agar (MEA, Himedia), Sabourad Dextrose Agar (SDA, Himedia), V8 juice agar, nutrient agar and water agar media and media amended with plant extracts were used separately for the isolation of the endophytic fungi. A total of 11 fungal species were recovered from leaf, bark and root tissues of B. mollis. The isolates were screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant and enzymatic activities using certain protocols. Cochliobolus geniculatus was identified as the most dominant species. The mycelia sterilia (creamy white) showing highest inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (MTCC 183) was induced to sporulate using modified PDA media. The isolate was identified as Geosmithia pallida. The internal transcribed spacer of rDNA was sequenced for confirmation of the taxonomic identity of the sterile mycelia (creamy white). The internal transcribed spacer r-DNA sequence was submitted to the NCBI (KU693285) for the first time from India. G. pallida and Penicillium showed highest antioxidant activity among all the isolates. The antioxidant activity of G. pallida and Penicillium didn’t show statistically significant difference (P˃0.05). G. pallida, Cochliobolus geniculatus and P. purpurogenum respectively showed highest cellulase, amylase and protease activities. Thus, endopytic fungal isolates may be used as potential natural resource of pharmaceutical importance. The endophytic fungi, Geosmithia pallida, may be used for synthesis of pharmaceutically important natural products and consequently can replace plants hitherto used for the same purpose. This study suggests that endophytes should be investigated more aggressively to better understand the endophyte biology of B. mollis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antimicrobial%20activity" title="Antimicrobial activity">Antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brucea%20mollis" title=" Brucea mollis"> Brucea mollis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20activity" title=" enzyme activity"> enzyme activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geosmithia%20pallida" title=" Geosmithia pallida"> Geosmithia pallida</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78418/antimicrobial-antioxidant-and-enzyme-activities-of-geosmithia-pallida-ku693285-a-fungal-endophyte-associated-with-brucea-mollis-wall-ex-kurz-an-endangered-and-medicinal-plant-of-n-e-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Characterization of Fungal Endophytes in Leaves, Stems and Roots of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis sternocarpa Hochst ex. A. Rich Harms)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyabode%20A.%20Kehinde">Iyabode A. Kehinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20O.%20Oyekanmi"> Joshua O. Oyekanmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jumoke%20T.%20Abimbola"> Jumoke T. Abimbola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olajumoke%20E.%20Ayanda"> Olajumoke E. Ayanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> African yam bean (AYB), (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) is a leguminous crop that provides nutritionally rich seeds, tubers and leaves for human consumption. AYB potentials as an important food security crop is yet to be realized and thus classified as underutilized crop. Underutilization of the crop has been partly associated with scarce information on the incidence and characterization of fungal endophytes infecting vascular parts of AYB. Accurate and robust detection of these endophytic fungi is essential for diagnosis, modeling, surveillance and protection of germplasm (seed) health. This work aimed at isolating and identifying fungal endophytes associated with leaves, stems and roots of AYB in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study investigated both cultural and molecular properties of endophytic fungi in AYB for its characterization and diversity. Fungal endophytes were isolated and culturally identified. DNA extraction, PCR amplification using ITS primers and analyses of nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA fragments were conducted on selected isolates. BLAST analysis was conducted on consensus nucleotide sequences of 28 out of 30 isolates and results showed similar homology with genera of Rhizopus, Cunninghamella, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Diaporthe, Nigrospora, Purpureocillium, Corynespora, Magnaporthe, Macrophomina, Curvularia, Acrocalymma, Talaromyces and Simplicillium. Slight similarity was found with endophytes associated with soybean. Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method showed high diversity among the general. These organisms have high economic importance in crop improvement. For an instance, Purpureocillium lilacinum showed high potential in control of root rot caused by nematodes in tomatoes. Though some can be pathogens, but many of the fungal endophytes have beneficial attributes to plant in host health, uptake of nutrients, disease suppression, and host immunity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20characterization" title="molecular characterization">molecular characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20Yam%20Bean" title=" African Yam Bean"> African Yam Bean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20endophyte" title=" fungal endophyte"> fungal endophyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20parts" title=" plant parts"> plant parts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94615/characterization-of-fungal-endophytes-in-leaves-stems-and-roots-of-african-yam-bean-sphenostylis-sternocarpa-hochst-ex-a-rich-harms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Biological Control of Fusarium Crown and Root and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Growth Promotion Using Endophytic Fungi from Withania somnifera L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nefzi%20Ahlem">Nefzi Ahlem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydi%20Ben%20Abdallah%20Rania"> Aydi Ben Abdallah Rania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jabnoun-Khiareddine%20Hayfa"> Jabnoun-Khiareddine Hayfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Nawaim"> Ammar Nawaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mejda%20Daami-Remadi"> Mejda Daami-Remadi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fusarium Crown and Root Rot (FCRR) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) is a serious tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) disease in Tunisia. Its management is very difficult due to the long survival of its resting structures and to the luck of genetic resistance. In this work, we explored the wild Solanaceae species Withania somnifera, growing in the Tunisian Centre-East, as a potential source of biocontrol agents effective in FCRR suppression and tomato growth promotion. Seven fungal isolates were shown able to colonize tomato roots, crowns, and stems. Used as conidial suspensions or cell-free culture filtrates, all tested fungal treatments significantly enhanced tomato growth parameters by 21.5-90.3% over FORL-free control and by 27.6-93.5% over pathogen-inoculated control. All treatments significantly decreased the leaf and root damage index by 28.5-92.8 and the vascular browning extent 9.7-86.4% over FORL-inoculated and untreated control. The highest disease suppression ability (decrease by 86.4-92.8% in FCRR severity) over pathogen-inoculated control and by 81.3-88.8 over hymexazol-treated control) was expressed by I6 based treatments. This endophytic fungus was morphologically characterized and identified using rDNA sequencing gene as Fusarium sp. I6 (MG835371). This fungus was shown able to reduce FORL radial growth by 58.5–83.2% using its conidial suspension or cell-free culture filtrate. Fusarium sp. I6 showed chitinolytic, proteolytic and amylase activities. The current study clearly demonstrated that Fusarium sp. (I6) is a promising biocontrol candidate for suppressing FCRR severity and promoting tomato growth. Further investigations are required for elucidating its mechanism of action involved in disease suppression and plant growth promotion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity" title="antifungal activity">antifungal activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20fungi" title=" associated fungi"> associated fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.%20sp.%20radicis-lycopersici" title=" Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici"> Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Withania%20somnifera" title=" Withania somnifera"> Withania somnifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20growth" title=" tomato growth"> tomato growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90540/biological-control-of-fusarium-crown-and-root-and-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-l-growth-promotion-using-endophytic-fungi-from-withania-somnifera-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Metagenomics Analysis of Bacteria in Sorghum Using next Generation Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kedibone%20Masenya">Kedibone Masenya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Memory%20Tekere"> Memory Tekere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasper%20Rees"> Jasper Rees</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sorghum is an important cereal crop in the world. In particular, it has attracted breeders due to capacity to serve as food, feed, fiber and bioenergy crop. Like any other plant, sorghum hosts a variety of microbes, which can either, have a neutral, negative and positive influence on the plant. In the current study, regions (V3/V4) of 16 S rRNA were targeted to extensively assess bacterial multitrophic interactions in the phyllosphere of sorghum. The results demonstrated that the presence of a pathogen has a significant effect on the endophytic bacterial community. Understanding these interactions is key to develop new strategies for plant protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multitrophic" title=" multitrophic"> multitrophic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorghum" title=" sorghum"> sorghum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20sequencing" title=" target sequencing"> target sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73720/metagenomics-analysis-of-bacteria-in-sorghum-using-next-generation-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Identification and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides Isolated from Entophytic Bacteria and Their Activity against Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria in South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Beiranvand">Maryam Beiranvand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multi-drug resistance in various microorganisms has increased globally in many healthcare facilities. Less effective antimicrobial activity of drug therapies for infection control becomes trouble. Since 1980, no new type of antimicrobial drug has been identified, even though combinations of antibiotic drugs have been discovered almost every decade. Between 1981 and 2006, over 70% of novel pharmaceuticals and chemical agents came from natural sources. Microorganisms have yielded almost 22,000 natural compounds. The identification of antimicrobial components from endophytes bacteria could help overcome the threat posed by multi-drug resistant strains. The project aims to analyze and identify antimicrobial peptides isolated from entophytic bacteria and their activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in South Korea. Endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa. 4G3 isolated from the plant, Gynura procumbery exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology showed that the total size of the draft genome was 5,739,603bp, containing 5178 genes with 45.8% G+C content. Genome annotation using antiSMASH version 6.0.0 was performed, which predicted the most common types of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS). In this study, diethyl aminoethyl cellulose (DEAEC) resin was used as the first step in purifying for unknown peptides, and then the target protein was identified using hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutions, optimal pH, and step-by-step tests for antimicrobial activity. This crude was subjected to C18 chromatography and elution with 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% methanol, respectively. Only the fraction eluted with 20% -60% methanol demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against MDR E. coli. The concentration of the active fragment was measured by the Brad-ford test, and Protein A280 - Thermo Fisher Scientific at the end by examining the SDS PAGE Resolving Gel, 10% Acrylamide and purity were confirmed. Our study showed that, based on the combined results of the analysis and purification. P polymyxa. 4G3 has a high potential exists for producing novel functions of polymyxin E and bacitracin against bacterial pathogens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20bacteria" title="endophytic bacteria">endophytic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20peptide" title=" antimicrobial peptide"> antimicrobial peptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20genome%20sequencing%20analysis" title=" whole genome sequencing analysis"> whole genome sequencing analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20-drug%20resistance%20gram%20negative%20bacteria" title=" multi -drug resistance gram negative bacteria"> multi -drug resistance gram negative bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164251/identification-and-characterization-of-antimicrobial-peptides-isolated-from-entophytic-bacteria-and-their-activity-against-multidrug-resistance-gram-negative-bacteria-in-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> A Pink-Pigmented Facultative Methylobacterium sp Isolated from Retama monosperma Root Nodules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Selami">N. Selami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kaid%20Harche"> M. Kaid Harche </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A pink-pigmented, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, was isolated from Retama monosperma root nodules and identified as a member of the genus Methylobacterium. Inoculation of R. monosperma plants by a pure culture of isolate strain under a hydroponic condition, resulted, 10 dpi, the puffiness at lateral roots. The observation in detail the anatomy and ultra-structure of infection sites by light and electron microscopy show that the bacteria induce stimulation of the division of cortical cells and digestion of epidermis cells then, Methylobacterium was observed in the inter and intracellular spaces of the outer cortex root. These preliminary results allow us to suggest the establishment of an epi-endosymbiotic interaction between Methylobacterium sp and R. monosperma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20colonization" title="endophytic colonization">endophytic colonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Methylobacterium" title=" Methylobacterium"> Methylobacterium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopy" title=" microscopy"> microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nodule" title=" nodule"> nodule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pink%20pigmented" title=" pink pigmented"> pink pigmented</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Retama%20monosperma" title=" Retama monosperma "> Retama monosperma </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22282/a-pink-pigmented-facultative-methylobacterium-sp-isolated-from-retama-monosperma-root-nodules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Enhanced Phytoremediation Using Endophytic Microbes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Oriebe%20Anyasi">Raymond Oriebe Anyasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harrison%20Atagana"> Harrison Atagana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of a plant in the detoxification of several toxin is been known to be enhanced by various microbial endophytes which have been reported to be contained in plants growing in any contaminated soil. Plants in their natural state are mostly colonized by endophytes which in the process forms symbiotic associations with the host plants. These benefits that the endophytes offer to the plants include amongst others to: Enhance plants growth through the production of various phytohormones; increase in the resistance of environmental stresses; produce important bioactive metabolites; help in the fixing of nitrogen in the plants organelles; help in the metal translocation and accumulation in plants; assist in the production of enzymes involves the degradation of organic contaminants. Therefore recognizing these natural processes of the microbes will enable the understanding of the effective mechanism for enhanced phytoremediation. The aim of this study was to survey the progressiveness in the study involving endophyte-assisted phytoremediation of contaminants; highlighting various pollutants, the plants used, the endophytes studied as well as the type of interaction between the plants and the microbes so as to proffer a better future prospect for the technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title="phytoremediation">phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytes" title=" endophytes"> endophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbes" title=" microbes"> microbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title=" environmental management"> environmental management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plants" title=" plants"> plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29046/enhanced-phytoremediation-using-endophytic-microbes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Metabolic Regulation of Rhizobacteria for Cool-Season Grass Tolerance to Heat Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashif%20Jaeel">Kashif Jaeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingru%20Huang"> Bingru Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stress-induced accumulation of ethylene exacerbates drought damages in plants, and suppressing stress induction of ethylene may promote plant tolerance to heat stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria (Paraburkholderia aspalathi) with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzymes in suppressing ethylene production on plant tolerance to heat stress and underlying physiological mechanisms of P. aspalathi-regulation in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). A novel strain of P. aspalathi, ‘WSF23’, with ACC deaminase activity was used to inoculate the roots of plants (cv. ‘Penncross’) subjected to heat stress in controlled-environment chambers. Inoculation with WSF23 bacteria resulted in improved shoot and root growth during heat stress. The differential changes in metabolite regulation due to the bacterial inoculation could contribute to ACC deamination bacteria-improved heat tolerance in cool-season grass species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizobacteria" title="rhizobacteria">rhizobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grass" title=" grass"> grass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat" title=" heat"> heat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20metabolism" title=" plant metabolism"> plant metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20bacteria" title=" soil bacteria"> soil bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177551/metabolic-regulation-of-rhizobacteria-for-cool-season-grass-tolerance-to-heat-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Screening of Four Malaysian Isolated Endophytes with Candesartan in a Microtiter Plate </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Saad">Rasha Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Frederic%20Weber"> Jean Frederic Weber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20Bebe"> Fatimah Bebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Sultan"> Sadia Sultan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of study was to screen the effects of candesartan and four endophytic fungi for their potential in microbial biotransformation. In this experiment, four types of unidentified fungi with the codes of TH2L1, TH2R10, TH1P35 and TH1S46 were used in screening process by MECFUS (Microtiter plate, Elicitors, Combination, Freeze-drying, UHPLC, Statistical analysis) protocol. The experiment was carried out by using 96-well microtiter plate (MTP) with different media and elicitors. Various media with two concentrations of Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and elicitors used were to induce the production of secondary metabolites from the fungi as well as the biotransformation of the drug compound. After incubation, cultures were extracted by freeze drying method and finally analyzed by ultra-High performance Liquid Chromatography (uHPLC). The extracts analyzed by uHPLC followed by LC/Ms, demonstrated the presence of biotransformation products from the drug compound and elicitation of the secondary metabolism from the fungi by the occurrence of the additional peaks. From the four fungi, TH1S46 showed highly potential produced secondary metabolites as well as the biotransformation of candesartan. For other fungi, they responded when candesartan was introduced. Moreover, the additional peaks produced in uHPLC need to be further investigation by using LC-MS or NMR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotransformation" title="biotransformation">biotransformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=candesartan" title=" candesartan"> candesartan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytes" title=" endophytes"> endophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70901/screening-of-four-malaysian-isolated-endophytes-with-candesartan-in-a-microtiter-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Study of the Microflora of Cedar Forests with Different Degrees of Decline in the National Park Belezma (Batna, Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherak%20Imen">Cherak Imen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sellami%20Mehdi"> Sellami Mehdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Atlas cedar, Cedrus atlantica, is endemic to the mountains of North Africa. This is one of the most valuable softwood, both economically, ecologically, aesthetically and culturally. In Algeria, the cedar forests currently have worrying symptoms of decline which therefore require special monitoring. Fungal endophytes are involved in various diseases of the Atlas cedar. They attack all organs on which they cause many symptoms. These microflora live in complex interaction with plants. In this study, we identified a total of 09 mycotaxons collected needles Cedarwood at three stations with different degrees of decline (Talmet, Boumerzoug and Tuggurt) in the National Park Belezma (Batna, Algeria). The study conducted on a total of 12 trees were identified 08 mycoendophytes in Talmet station, 04 species in the Boumerzoug station and 03 in Tuggurt station. The total species richness mycoendophytes depending on the types of cedar forests showed that the largest diversity was recorded at the cedar forest healthy, Alternaria is the most common type in all stations. This work should be completed by further detailed studies to identify other endophyte species and better know its interactions with the Atlas cedar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cedrus%20atlantica" title="Cedrus atlantica">Cedrus atlantica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microflora" title=" microflora"> microflora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotaxons" title=" mycotaxons"> mycotaxons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycoendophyte" title=" mycoendophyte"> mycoendophyte</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31488/study-of-the-microflora-of-cedar-forests-with-different-degrees-of-decline-in-the-national-park-belezma-batna-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> 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