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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">José Ferrer Canales</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Dr. José Ferrer Canales</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">September 18, 1913<br /><a href="/wiki/Santurce,_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Santurce, Puerto Rico">Santurce, Puerto Rico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">July 20, 2005<br /><a href="/wiki/Hato_Rey,_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Hato Rey, Puerto Rico">Hato Rey, Puerto Rico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">educator, writer and a pro-independence political activist.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party">Puerto Rican<br />Nationalist Party</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="401" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Events and revolts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Piedras_massacre" title="Río Piedras massacre">Río Piedras massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce_massacre" title="Ponce massacre">Ponce massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadets_of_the_Republic" title="Cadets of the Republic">Cadets of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_Law_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Gag Law (Puerto Rico)">Gag Law (<i>Ley de la Mordaza</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party_revolts_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s">Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayuya_Uprising" title="Jayuya Uprising">Jayuya Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Nationalist_revolt" title="San Juan Nationalist revolt">San Juan Nationalist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utuado_uprising" title="Utuado uprising">Utuado uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman">Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Capitol_shooting" title="1954 United States Capitol shooting">1954 United States Capitol shooting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Nationalist leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Campos" title="Pedro Albizu Campos">Pedro Albizu Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Alegr%C3%ADa" title="José S. Alegría">José S. Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_Berenguer" title="Casimiro Berenguer">Casimiro Berenguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanca_Canales" title="Blanca Canales">Blanca Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cancel_Miranda" title="Rafael Cancel Miranda">Rafael Cancel Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Coll_y_Cuch%C3%AD" title="José Coll y Cuchí">José Coll y Cuchí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Collazo" title="Oscar Collazo">Oscar Collazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Collazo" title="Rosa Collazo">Rosa Collazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Corretjer" title="Juan Antonio Corretjer">Juan Antonio Corretjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_de_Burgos" title="Julia de Burgos">Julia de Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_D%C3%ADaz_Pacheco" title="Raimundo Díaz Pacheco">Raimundo Díaz Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_Lebr%C3%B3n" title="Lolita Lebrón">Lolita Lebrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_L%C3%B3pez_de_Victoria" title="Tomás López de Victoria">Tomás López de Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Margenat" title="Hugo Margenat">Hugo Margenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Matos_Paoli" title="Francisco Matos Paoli">Francisco Matos Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mary_Reynolds" title="Ruth Mary Reynolds">Ruth Mary Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolina_Rond%C3%B3n" title="Isolina Rondón">Isolina Rondón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidal_Santiago_D%C3%ADaz" title="Vidal Santiago Díaz">Vidal Santiago Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemente_Soto_V%C3%A9lez" title="Clemente Soto Vélez">Clemente Soto Vélez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griselio_Torresola" title="Griselio Torresola">Griselio Torresola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_V%C3%A9lez_Alvarado" title="Antonio Vélez Alvarado">Antonio Vélez Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_V%C3%A9lez_Rieckehoff" title="Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff">Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Viscal_Garriga" title="Olga Viscal Garriga">Olga Viscal Garriga</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Notable nationalists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Arce_de_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Margot Arce de Vázquez">Margot Arce de Vázquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Beauchamp" title="Elías Beauchamp">Elías Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelo_Delgado_Delgado" title="Carmelo Delgado Delgado">Carmelo Delgado Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andres_Figueroa_Cordero" title="Andres Figueroa Cordero">Andres Figueroa Cordero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Flores" title="Irvin Flores">Irvin Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Freire_de_Matos" title="Isabel Freire de Matos">Isabel Freire de Matos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Rosado" title="Hiram Rosado">Hiram Rosado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Rosado" title="Isabel Rosado">Isabel Rosado</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">José Ferrer Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Marqu%C3%A9s" title="René Marqués">René Marqués</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ortiz_D%C3%A1vila" title="Pedro Ortiz Dávila">Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1n_Rieckehoff" title="Germán Rieckehoff">Germán Rieckehoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Tr%C3%ADas" title="Helen Rodríguez Trías">Helen Rodríguez Trías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Santos_(singer)" title="Daniel Santos (singer)">Daniel Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Villavicencio_Marxuach" title="Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach">Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Ben%C3%ADtez_Rexach" title="Félix Benítez Rexach">Félix Benítez Rexach</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" title="Template:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" title="Template talk:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dr. José Ferrer Canales</b> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (September 18, 1913 – July 20, 2005) was an <a href="/wiki/Educator" class="mw-redirect" title="Educator">educator</a>, writer and a pro-independence political activist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferrer Canales was born in <a href="/wiki/Santurce,_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Santurce, Puerto Rico">Santurce, Puerto Rico</a>, into a poor working-class family. He was able to attend school, despite the economic hardships his family faced. He received his elementary education at the Pedro G. Goyco Elementary School and his secondary instruction at <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n_Baldorioty_de_Castro" title="Román Baldorioty de Castro">Román Baldorioty de Castro</a> School in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a>. He attended and graduated from the Central Superior High School. The situation was very difficult for him because after school he had to work in order to help support his family.<sup id="cite_ref-Canales_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canales-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, Ferrer Canales enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Puerto_Rico" title="University of Puerto Rico">University of Puerto Rico</a>. During his university years he met and befriended Dr. <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Campos" title="Pedro Albizu Campos">Pedro Albizu Campos</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party">Puerto Rican Nationalist Party</a>. This led to his active participation in the pro-independence movement. In 1937, he earned his bachelor's degree in Arts, graduating <a href="/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">magna cum laude</a>. In 1944, Canales earned his master's degree in Arts with his <a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">thesis</a>: "Enrique José Varona". He was influenced by the philosophic ideas of Varona, <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos" title="Eugenio María de Hostos">Eugenio María de Hostos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canales_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canales-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educator">Educator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Educator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferrer Canales taught Spanish in a high school located in the town of <a href="/wiki/Humacao" class="mw-redirect" title="Humacao">Humacao</a> from 1937 to 1943. After receiving his master's degree, he was hired as a Spanish professor at his <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a>. That same year the university also awarded him a grant to study <a href="/wiki/Spanish_literature" title="Spanish literature">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_literature" title="Latin American literature">Latin American literature</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in New York City. In New York he was subject to racial discrimination however, that did not keep him from teaching Spanish at <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PRPC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRPC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, he returned to the island and was offered a position in the department of humanities at the University of Puerto Rico. He was fired in 1948, due to the political unrest spreading throughout Puerto Rico and his pro-independence activism.<sup id="cite_ref-PRPC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRPC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Author">Author</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Author"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, he left the island and moved to the United States, where he taught in various universities in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Ferrer Canales went to Mexico and enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a>, where he earned his doctorate degree in letters in 1952 with his thesis: "Varona, escritor". In 1963, he returned to Puerto Rico, and the University of Puerto Rico once again opened their doors to him. He taught <a href="/wiki/Spanish_literature" title="Spanish literature">Spanish literature</a> and political history. During this time he befriend Dr. <a href="/wiki/Margot_Arce_de_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Margot Arce de Vázquez">Margot Arce de Vázquez</a> who also served as an inspiration for his writings. He was invited as a quest speaker to many countries, among them the United States, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, Brazil, Canada, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, Spain, France, Hungary and England.<sup id="cite_ref-Canales_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canales-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_works">Written works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Written works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among his works are: </p> <ul><li>"Marginalia"(1939)</li> <li>"Por nuestra lengua y nuestra soberanía" (1941)</li> <li>"Agonía y esperanza de Puerto Rico" (1962)</li> <li>"Imagen de Varona" (1964)</li> <li>"Regionalism and University" (1965)</li> <li>"Acentos cívicos" (1972)</li> <li>"Gandhi: evocación del centenario (1972)</li> <li>"Asteriscos" (1990)</li> <li>"Martí y Hostos" (1991)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_recognitions">Honors and recognitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honors and recognitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferrer Canales retired in 1983, however Puerto Rican <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Ricardo Alegría">Ricardo Alegría</a> convinced him to come out of retirement and to teach in the Center of Advanced Studies of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. He also had a column in the daily newspaper <i>El Nuevo Día</i>. Ferrer Canales received many awards and recognitions during his lifetime, among them are the following: </p> <ul><li>Professor emeritus of the University of Puerto Rico (1983).</li> <li>Honorary professor of the Humanities Faculty of the National Atonomus University Nacional of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> (1987).</li> <li>Honorary professor of the UPR specializing in Eugenio María de Hostos (1989–1990).</li> <li>Journalist Prize from the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture (1990).</li> <li>Honorary member of the Cuban Teachers Association (1992).</li> <li>Member of the Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language (1992).</li> <li>Prize of Honor of the Puerto Rican Athenaeum (1994).</li> <li>The National Cultural Medal bestowed on him by the Cuban Minister of Culture (1995).</li> <li>Named Humanist of the Year by the Puerto Rican Humanities Foundation (1997).</li> <li>The Second International Book Fair of Puerto Rico was dedicated to Canales (1998).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years">Final years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferrer Canales died on July 20, 2005, at the Teachers' Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Hato_Rey,_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Hato Rey, Puerto Rico">Hato Rey, Puerto Rico</a>, at the age of 91 and was survived by his wife Ana Hilda Betancourt. He is buried in the Villa Palmeras Cemetery a.k.a. "Cementerio Municipal San Jose de Villa Palmeras" which is located in Avenida (Avenue) Eduardo Conde, Villa Palmeras, Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/120px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Puerto_Rico" title="Portal:Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Ricans" title="List of Puerto Ricans">List of Puerto Ricans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party">Puerto Rican Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" title="French immigration to Puerto Rico">French immigration to Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> <b>Ferrer</b></i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> <b>Canales</b></i>.</div></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Canales-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canales_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canales_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canales_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/ferrercanalesy/ferrercanalesy.shtml">José Ferrer Canales</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRPC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PRPC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PRPC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prpop.org/noticias/jul05/joseferrer_jul30.shtml">Puerto Rican Popular Culture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2005/07/27/cultura/articulo01.html">José Ferrer Canales, Quijote Puertorriqueño</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/ferrercanalesy/ferrercanalesy.shtml">José Ferrer Canale</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%BCeyban%C3%A1_I" title="Agüeybaná I">Agüeybaná I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%BCeyban%C3%A1_II" title="Agüeybaná II">Agüeybaná II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arasibo" title="Arasibo">Arasibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayuya" title="Hayuya">Hayuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumacao" title="Jumacao">Jumacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urayo%C3%A1n" title="Urayoán">Urayoán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Union of Puerto Rico">Union Party of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Association_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Independence Association of Puerto Rico">Independence Association of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Liberal Party of Puerto Rico">Liberal Party of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Independence_Party" title="Puerto Rican Independence Party">Puerto Rican Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostosian_National_Independence_Movement" title="Hostosian National Independence Movement">Hostosian National Independence Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Front_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Socialist Front (Puerto Rico)">Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Pro-Independence_University_Federation" title="Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation">Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Lords" title="Young Lords">Young Lords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Militant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadets_of_the_Republic" title="Cadets of the Republic">Cadets of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boricua_Popular_Army" title="Boricua Popular Army">Boricua Popular Army</a> (Macheteros)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_Puertorrique%C3%B1a" title="Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña">Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Emeterio_Betances" title="Ramón Emeterio Betances">Ramón Emeterio Betances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Bracetti" title="Mariana Bracetti">Mariana Bracetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Brugman" title="Mathias Brugman">Mathias Brugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Cofres%C3%AD" title="Roberto Cofresí">Roberto Cofresí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes_Barbudo" title="María de las Mercedes Barbudo">María de las Mercedes Barbudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Diego" title="José de Diego">José de Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos" title="Eugenio María de Hostos">Eugenio María de Hostos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gonzalo_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Francisco Gonzalo Marín">Francisco Gonzalo Marín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosendo_Matienzo_Cintr%C3%B3n" title="Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón">Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Mattei_Lluberas" title="Antonio Mattei Lluberas">Antonio Mattei Lluberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ram%C3%ADrez_Medina" title="Francisco Ramírez Medina">Francisco Ramírez Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gualberto_Padilla" title="José Gualberto Padilla">José Gualberto Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Ti%C3%B3" title="Lola Rodríguez de Tió">Lola Rodríguez de Tió</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rojas_(independence_leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Rojas (independence leader)">Manuel Rojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_R%C3%ADus_Rivera" title="Juan Ríus Rivera">Juan Ríus Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segundo_Ruiz_Belvis" title="Segundo Ruiz Belvis">Segundo Ruiz Belvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alfonso_Schomburg" title="Arturo Alfonso Schomburg">Arturo Alfonso Schomburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Valero_de_Bernab%C3%A9" title="Antonio Valero de Bernabé">Antonio Valero de Bernabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Zeno_Gand%C3%ADa" title="Manuel Zeno Gandía">Manuel Zeno Gandía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(distiller)" title="Fernando Fernández (distiller)">Fernando Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Stahl" title="Agustín Stahl">Agustín Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maldonado_Rom%C3%A1n" title="José Maldonado Román">José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Xiorro" title="Marcos Xiorro">Marcos Xiorro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st century<br />activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rafael_Barcel%C3%B3" title="Antonio Rafael Barceló">Antonio Rafael Barceló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Ben%C3%ADtez_Rexach" title="Félix Benítez Rexach">Félix Benítez Rexach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Berr%C3%ADos" title="Rubén Berríos">Rubén Berríos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo_Boschetti" title="Americo Boschetti">Americo Boschetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Mari_Br%C3%A1s" title="Juan Mari Brás">Juan Mari Brás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Hayd%C3%A9e_Beltr%C3%A1n_Torres" title="Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres">Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Brown_(Puerto_Rican_musician)" title="Roy Brown (Puerto Rican musician)">Roy Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetano_Coll_y_Cuch%C3%AD" title="Cayetano Coll y Cuchí">Cayetano Coll y Cuchí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Gracia" title="Gilberto Concepción de Gracia">Gilberto Concepción de Gracia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Dalmau" title="Juan Dalmau">Juan Dalmau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ortiz_D%C3%A1vila" title="Pedro Ortiz Dávila">Pedro Ortiz Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M._D%C3%A1vila_Monsanto" title="José M. Dávila Monsanto">José M. Dávila Monsanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizam_Escobar" title="Elizam Escobar">Elizam Escobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Figueroa" title="Leopoldo Figueroa">Leopoldo Figueroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_Gerena" title="Víctor Manuel Gerena">Víctor Manuel Gerena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Irizarry_Mora" title="Edwin Irizarry Mora">Edwin Irizarry Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Llor%C3%A9ns_Torres" title="Luis Lloréns Torres">Luis Lloréns Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_L%C3%B3pez_Rivera" title="Oscar López Rivera">Oscar López Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiberto_Ojeda_R%C3%ADos" title="Filiberto Ojeda Ríos">Filiberto Ojeda Ríos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_S._Pedreira" title="Antonio S. Pedreira">Antonio S. Pedreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pietri" title="Pedro Pietri">Pedro Pietri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Poventud" title="Miguel Poventud">Miguel Poventud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Rivero_M%C3%A9ndez" title="Ángel Rivero Méndez">Ángel Rivero Méndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Orellana" title="Manuel Rodríguez Orellana">Manuel Rodríguez Orellana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Lourdes_Santiago" title="María de Lourdes Santiago">María de Lourdes Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piri_Thomas" title="Piri Thomas">Piri Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandrina_Torres" title="Alejandrina Torres">Alejandrina Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Alberto_Torres_(Puerto_Rican_nationalist)" title="Carlos Alberto Torres (Puerto Rican nationalist)">Carlos Alberto Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Zavala" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris Zavala">Iris Zavala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party">Puerto Rican<br />Nationalist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Campos" title="Pedro Albizu Campos">Pedro Albizu Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Alegr%C3%ADa" title="José S. Alegría">José S. Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Arce_de_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Margot Arce de Vázquez">Margot Arce de Vázquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Beauchamp" title="Elías Beauchamp">Elías Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_Berenguer" title="Casimiro Berenguer">Casimiro Berenguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_de_Burgos" title="Julia de Burgos">Julia de Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanca_Canales" title="Blanca Canales">Blanca Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Canales" title="Nemesio Canales">Nemesio Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cancel_Miranda" title="Rafael Cancel Miranda">Rafael Cancel Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Coll_y_Cuch%C3%AD" title="José Coll y Cuchí">José Coll y Cuchí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Collazo" title="Oscar Collazo">Oscar Collazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Collazo" title="Rosa Collazo">Rosa Collazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Corretjer" title="Juan Antonio Corretjer">Juan Antonio Corretjer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">José Ferrer Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Freire_de_Matos" title="Isabel Freire de Matos">Isabel Freire de Matos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelo_Delgado_Delgado" title="Carmelo Delgado Delgado">Carmelo Delgado Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_D%C3%ADaz_Pacheco" title="Raimundo Díaz Pacheco">Raimundo Díaz Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andres_Figueroa_Cordero" title="Andres Figueroa Cordero">Andres Figueroa Cordero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Flores" title="Irvin Flores">Irvin Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_Lebr%C3%B3n" title="Lolita Lebrón">Lolita Lebrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_L%C3%B3pez_de_Victoria" title="Tomás López de Victoria">Tomás López de Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Margenat" title="Hugo Margenat">Hugo Margenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Marqu%C3%A9s" title="René Marqués">René Marqués</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Matos_Paoli" title="Francisco Matos Paoli">Francisco Matos Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ortiz_D%C3%A1vila" title="Pedro Ortiz Dávila">Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mary_Reynolds" title="Ruth Mary Reynolds">Ruth Mary Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1n_Rieckehoff" title="Germán Rieckehoff">Germán Rieckehoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Tr%C3%ADas" title="Helen Rodríguez Trías">Helen Rodríguez Trías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Rosado" title="Hiram Rosado">Hiram Rosado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Rosado" title="Isabel Rosado">Isabel Rosado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolina_Rond%C3%B3n" title="Isolina Rondón">Isolina Rondón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidal_Santiago_D%C3%ADaz" title="Vidal Santiago Díaz">Vidal Santiago Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Santos_(singer)" title="Daniel Santos (singer)">Daniel Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemente_Soto_V%C3%A9lez" title="Clemente Soto Vélez">Clemente Soto Vélez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griselio_Torresola" title="Griselio Torresola">Griselio Torresola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_V%C3%A9lez_Alvarado" title="Antonio Vélez Alvarado">Antonio Vélez Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_V%C3%A9lez_Rieckehoff" title="Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff">Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Villavicencio_Marxuach" title="Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach">Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Viscal_Garriga" title="Olga Viscal Garriga">Olga Viscal Garriga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducoudray_Holstein_Expedition" title="Ducoudray Holstein Expedition">Ducoudray Holstein Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grito_de_Lares" title="Grito de Lares">Grito de Lares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentona_de_Yauco" title="Intentona de Yauco">Intentona de Yauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_campaign#Treaty_of_Paris_of_1898" title="Puerto Rico campaign">Levantamiento de Ciales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Piedras_massacre" title="Río Piedras massacre">Río Piedras massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce_massacre" title="Ponce massacre">Ponce massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_Law_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Gag Law (Puerto Rico)">Gag Law</a> (<i>Ley de la Mordaza</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party_revolts_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s">Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayuya_Uprising" title="Jayuya Uprising">Jayuya Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Nationalist_revolt" title="San Juan Nationalist revolt">San Juan Nationalist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utuado_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Utuado Uprising">Utuado Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman">Truman assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_shooting_incident_(1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Capitol shooting incident (1954)">U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Maravilla_murders" title="Cerro Maravilla murders">Cerro Maravilla murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Congress_in_Solidarity_with_Puerto_Rico%27s_Independence" title="Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence">Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grito_de_Lares_flag" title="Grito de Lares flag">Grito de Lares flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Borinque%C3%B1a#Original_1868_revolutionary_version_by_Lola_Rodríguez_de_Tío" title="La Borinqueña">La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Claridad" title="Claridad">Claridad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=José_Ferrer_Canales&oldid=1251552590">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=José_Ferrer_Canales&oldid=1251552590</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_births" title="Category:1913 births">1913 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2005_deaths" title="Category:2005 deaths">2005 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Puerto_Rico_alumni" title="Category:University of Puerto Rico alumni">University of Puerto Rico alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Columbia_University_alumni" title="Category:Columbia University alumni">Columbia University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hunter_College_faculty" title="Category:Hunter College faculty">Hunter College faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Puerto_Rican_educators" title="Category:20th-century Puerto Rican educators">20th-century Puerto Rican educators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Puerto_Rican_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:Puerto Rican non-fiction writers">Puerto Rican non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_from_San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="Category:Activists from San Juan, Puerto Rico">Activists from San Juan, Puerto Rico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" title="Category:Members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party">Members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico_alumni" title="Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni">National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 19:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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