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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="التاج الأحمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التاج الأحمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%9Fret" title="Deşret – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Deşret" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Дешрет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дешрет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%A1ret" title="Dešret – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dešret" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rote_Krone_des_Nordens" title="Rote Krone des Nordens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rote Krone des Nordens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Deshret" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="دشرت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دشرت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decheret" title="Decheret – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Decheret" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desyret" title="Desyret – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Desyret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deshret" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deszeret" title="Deszeret – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Deszeret" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexerete" title="Dexerete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dexerete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Дешрет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дешрет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deshret" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%A1ret" title="Dešret – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dešret" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%A1ret" title="Dešret – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dešret" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Deshret" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="เดชเรต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดชเรต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Дешрет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дешрет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Deshret" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2068006#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Red crown of Lower Egypt</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Red crown" redirects here. For the Missouri tavern, see <a href="/wiki/Red_Crown_Tourist_Court" title="Red Crown Tourist Court">Red Crown Tourist Court</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #D13232; color: white">Deshret</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Red_crown.svg/220px-Red_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Red_crown.svg/330px-Red_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Red_crown.svg/440px-Red_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Deshret, the Red Crown of Lower Egypt</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #D13232; color: white">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient</a> <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D46.png?1dee4" height="12" title="D46" alt="D46" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N37.png?33374" height="12" title="N37" alt="N37" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21" alt="D21" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S3.png?173f5" height="38" title="S3" alt="S3" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: navajowhite; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid peru; padding: 0.5em">Deshret, Red Crown<br />(crown as<br /><a href="/wiki/Determinative" title="Determinative">determinative</a>)<br />in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Deshret</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <span lang="egy" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;"><b>𓂧𓈙𓂋𓏏𓋔</b></span></span></span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Egyptian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C5%A1rt#Etymology" class="extiw" title="wikt:dšrt">dšrt</a></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Red One') was the Red Crown of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>. It was red bowl shaped with a protruding curlicue. When combined with the <a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a> (White Crown) of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>, it forms the <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a> (Double Crown), in ancient Egyptian called the <i>sekhemti</i>. </p><p>The Red Crown in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> eventually was used as the vertical letter "n". The original "n" hieroglyph from the <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic Period">Predynastic Period</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a> was the <a href="/wiki/N-water_ripple_(n_hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="N-water ripple (n hieroglyph)">sign</a> depicting ripples of water. </p><p>The word <b>Deshret</b> also referred to the desert Red Land on either side of <a href="/wiki/Km_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Km (hieroglyph)">Kemet</a> (Black Land), the fertile Nile river basin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deshret&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mythology, the earth deity <a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a>, original ruler of Egypt, invested <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> with the rule over <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a>, who saw themselves as successors of Horus, wore the <i>deshret</i> to symbolize their authority over Lower Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other deities wore the <i>deshret</i> too, or were identified with it, such as the protective serpent goddess <a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a> and the creator-goddess of Sais, <a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a>, who often is shown wearing the Red Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Red Crown would later be combined with the <a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">White Crown</a> of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Double Crown</a>, symbolizing the rule over the whole country, "The Two Lands" as the Egyptians expressed it.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Records">Records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deshret&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No Red Crown has been found. Several ancient representations indicate it was woven like a basket from plant fiber such as grass, straw, flax, palm leaf, or reed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Red Crown frequently is mentioned in texts and depicted in reliefs and statues. An early example is the depiction of the victorious pharaoh wearing the <i>deshret</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Narmer_Palette" title="Narmer Palette">Narmer Palette</a>. A label from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a> records a royal visit to the shrine of the Deshret which may have been located at Buto in the Nile delta.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fact that no crown has ever been found buried with any of the pharaohs, even in relatively intact tombs, might suggest that it was passed from one reign to the next, much as in present-day monarchies. </p><p>Toby Wilkinson has cited the iconography on rock art in the Eastern Desert region as depicting what he interpreted to be among the earliest representations of the royal crowns and suggested the Red Crown could have originated in the southern Nile Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonogram">Phonogram</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deshret&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonogram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S3.png?173f5" height="38" title="S3 [N]" alt="N" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: navajowhite; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid peru; padding: 0.5em">1 Red Crown, Deshret<br />2 also, vertical<br />"N"<br />in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Deshret, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> Red Crown, is one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a>. As an <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconographic</a> element, it is used on the famous <a href="/wiki/Narmer_Palette" title="Narmer Palette">palette</a> of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> as the <i>"Red Crown of the Delta"</i>, the Delta being <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>. </p><p> The first usage of the Red Crown was in iconography as the symbol for <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>, horizontal letter 'n', <a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_sign_list" title="Gardiner's sign list">Gardiner</a> no. 35, </p><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35" alt="N35" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> Later it came to be used in the Egyptian language as an <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_uniliteral_signs" title="Egyptian uniliteral signs">uniliteral</a>, vertical form for letter "n" as a <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> or <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">preposition</a>. It became functional in running hieroglyphic texts, where either the horizontal or vertical form preposition satisfied space requirements. </p><p>Both the vertical and horizontal forms are prepositional equivalents, with the horizontal letter n, the <a href="/wiki/N-water_ripple_(n_hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="N-water ripple (n hieroglyph)">N-water ripple (n hieroglyph)</a> being more common, as well as more common to form parts of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a> words requiring the <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> 'n'. </p><p>One old use of the red crown hieroglyph is to make the word: 'in'!, (formerly <i>an</i>-(a-with dot)-(the "vertical feather" hieroglyph a, plus the red crown). Egyptian "in" is used at the beginning of a text and translates as: <i>Behold!</i>, or <i>Lo!</i>, and is an emphatic. </p><p>The Red Crown is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Determinative" title="Determinative">determinative</a>, most notably in the word for deshret. It is also used in other words or names of gods. </p> <dl><dt>Use in the Rosetta Stone</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RosettaStoneDetail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/RosettaStoneDetail.jpg/190px-RosettaStoneDetail.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/RosettaStoneDetail.jpg/285px-RosettaStoneDetail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/RosettaStoneDetail.jpg/380px-RosettaStoneDetail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a> usage of Red Crown, not as preposition: part of <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a> (Double Crown), and part of <b>"Taui"</b>, the name for <a href="/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Egypt" title="Upper and Lower Egypt">Upper and Lower Egypt</a> (used combined with a <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossroads (hieroglyph)">Crossroads (hieroglyph)</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 198 BC <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, the <i> 'Red Crown' </i> as hieroglyph has the usage mostly of the vertical form of the <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">preposition</a> "n". In running text, word endings are not always at the end of <a href="/wiki/Quadrat_(hieroglyph_block)" title="Quadrat (hieroglyph block)">hieroglyph blocks</a>; when they are at the end, a simple transition to start the next block is a vertical separator, in this case the preposition, vertical n, (thus a space saver). </p><p>Since the start of the next hieroglyphic block could also be started with a horizontal "n" at the bottom of the previous block, it should be thought that the vertical "n" is also chosen for a visual effect; in other words, it visually spreads out the running text of words, instead of piling horizontal prepositions in a more tight text. Visually it is also a hieroglyph that takes up more 'space'-(versus a straight-line type for the horizontal <i>water ripple</i>); so it may have a dual purpose of a less compact text, and a better <a href="/wiki/Segue" title="Segue">segue</a>-transition to the next words. </p><p>The Red Crown hieroglyph is used 35 times in the Rosetta Stone; only 4 times is it used as a non-preposition. It averages once per line usage in the 36 line <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_Memphis_(Ptolemy_V)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decree of Memphis (Ptolemy V)">Decree of Memphis (Ptolemy V)</a>-(Rosetta Stone). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deshret&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Red_crown" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Red crown">Red crown</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a> Crown with feathers identified with <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a> – Blue or War Crown also called Royal Crown</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deshret&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Examples of representations</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_of_lower_Egypt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="modern drawing of a pharaoh with a red crown"><img alt="modern drawing of a pharaoh with a red crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/King_of_lower_Egypt.svg/66px-King_of_lower_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/King_of_lower_Egypt.svg/98px-King_of_lower_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/King_of_lower_Egypt.svg/131px-King_of_lower_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">modern drawing of a pharaoh with a red crown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramesside Period ostracon, pharaoh wearing Red Crown"><img alt="Ramesside Period ostracon, pharaoh wearing Red Crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png/180px-Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png/270px-Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png/360px-Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ramesside Period <a href="/wiki/Ostracon" title="Ostracon">ostracon</a>, pharaoh wearing Red Crown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narmer_Palette_serpopard_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narmer Palette, front"><img alt="Narmer Palette, front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Narmer_Palette_serpopard_side.jpg/250px-Narmer_Palette_serpopard_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Narmer_Palette" title="Narmer Palette">Narmer Palette</a>, front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HierS.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The vertical letter N, as preposition, or determinative in the Egyptian language"><img alt="The vertical letter N, as preposition, or determinative in the Egyptian language" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/HierS.png" decoding="async" width="131" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="132" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The vertical letter N, as <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">preposition</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Determinative" title="Determinative">determinative</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfProcession-ROM.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of Narmer Palette, Pharaoh Narmer with crown"><img alt="Close-up of Narmer Palette, Pharaoh Narmer with crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfProcession-ROM.png/180px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfProcession-ROM.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfProcession-ROM.png/270px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfProcession-ROM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfProcession-ROM.png/360px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfProcession-ROM.png 2x" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of <a href="/wiki/Narmer_Palette" title="Narmer Palette">Narmer Palette</a>, Pharaoh Narmer with crown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Lower_Egypt._25th_Dynasty,_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze statuette of a Kushite king wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt; 25th Dynasty, c. 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin"><img alt="Bronze statuette of a Kushite king wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt; 25th Dynasty, c. 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Lower_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg/152px-Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Lower_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Lower_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg/227px-Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Lower_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Lower_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg/303px-Bronze_statuette_of_a_Kushite_king_wearing_the_crown_of_Lower_Egypt._25th_Dynasty%2C_670_BCE._Neues_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3628" data-file-height="4305" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze statuette of a Kushite king wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt; 25th Dynasty, c. 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2016-03-29_Mentuhotep_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sandstone statue of Mentuhotep II; 11th Dynasty, c. 2060–2009 BCE, Egyptian Museum, Cairo"><img alt="Sandstone statue of Mentuhotep II; 11th Dynasty, c. 2060–2009 BCE, Egyptian Museum, Cairo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2016-03-29_Mentuhotep_02.jpg/97px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2016-03-29_Mentuhotep_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2016-03-29_Mentuhotep_02.jpg/145px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2016-03-29_Mentuhotep_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2016-03-29_Mentuhotep_02.jpg/193px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2016-03-29_Mentuhotep_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2596" data-file-height="4828" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sandstone statue of <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">11th Dynasty</a>, c. 2060–2009 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum" title="Egyptian Museum">Egyptian Museum</a>, Cairo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GuardianStatueofAmenemhmatII.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A guardian statue wearing the red crown which reflected the facial features of the reigning king, probably Amenemhat II or Senwosret II, and which functioned as a divine guardian for the imiut; made of cedar wood and plaster c. 1919–1885 BC[7]"><img alt="A guardian statue wearing the red crown which reflected the facial features of the reigning king, probably Amenemhat II or Senwosret II, and which functioned as a divine guardian for the imiut; made of cedar wood and plaster 1919–1885 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/GuardianStatueofAmenemhmatII.jpg/134px-GuardianStatueofAmenemhmatII.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/GuardianStatueofAmenemhmatII.jpg/201px-GuardianStatueofAmenemhmatII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/GuardianStatueofAmenemhmatII.jpg/268px-GuardianStatueofAmenemhmatII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A guardian statue wearing the red crown which reflected the facial features of the reigning king, probably Amenemhat II or Senwosret II, and which functioned as a divine guardian for the <a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">imiut</a>; made of cedar wood and plaster <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1919–1885 BC<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275594942" /><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Deshret (vertical letter N) in hieroglyphic writing</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philistine_captives_at_Medinet_Habu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philistine captives at Medinet Habu"><img alt="Philistine captives at Medinet Habu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Philistine_captives_at_Medinet_Habu.jpg/180px-Philistine_captives_at_Medinet_Habu.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Philistine_captives_at_Medinet_Habu.jpg/270px-Philistine_captives_at_Medinet_Habu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Philistine_captives_at_Medinet_Habu.jpg/360px-Philistine_captives_at_Medinet_Habu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Philistine captives at Medinet Habu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_of_Tchia-E_7717-IMG_2594-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stele of Tchia at the Louvre"><img alt="Stele of Tchia at the Louvre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stele_of_Tchia-E_7717-IMG_2594-gradient.jpg/180px-Stele_of_Tchia-E_7717-IMG_2594-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stele_of_Tchia-E_7717-IMG_2594-gradient.jpg/270px-Stele_of_Tchia-E_7717-IMG_2594-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stele_of_Tchia-E_7717-IMG_2594-gradient.jpg/360px-Stele_of_Tchia-E_7717-IMG_2594-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stele of Tchia at the Louvre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ra_slays_Apep_(tomb_scene_in_Deir_el-Medina).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apep being slain"><img alt="Apep being slain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ra_slays_Apep_%28tomb_scene_in_Deir_el-Medina%29.jpg/180px-Ra_slays_Apep_%28tomb_scene_in_Deir_el-Medina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ra_slays_Apep_%28tomb_scene_in_Deir_el-Medina%29.jpg/270px-Ra_slays_Apep_%28tomb_scene_in_Deir_el-Medina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ra_slays_Apep_%28tomb_scene_in_Deir_el-Medina%29.jpg/360px-Ra_slays_Apep_%28tomb_scene_in_Deir_el-Medina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a> being slain</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deshret&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewa Wasilewska, <i>Creation Stories of the Middle East</i>, Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2000, p.128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby A. H. Wilkinson, <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>, Routledge 1999, p.194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Hart, <i>The Routledge Dictionary Of Egyptian Gods And Goddesses</i>, p.100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ana Ruiz, <i>The Spirit of Ancient Egypt</i>, Algora Publishing 2001, p.8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby A. H. Wilkinson, <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>, Routledge 1999, p.284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2003" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Toby (2003). <i>Genesis of the Pharaohs : dramatic new discoveries rewrite the origins of ancient Egypt</i>. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. <span class="nowrap">54–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500051224" title="Special:BookSources/0500051224"><bdi>0500051224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+of+the+Pharaohs+%3A+dramatic+new+discoveries+rewrite+the+origins+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0500051224&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeshret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/543864">"Guardian Figure"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Guardian+Figure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F543864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeshret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Budge. <i>An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary,</i> <a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">E.A.Wallace Budge</a>, (Dover Publications), c 1978, (c 1920), Dover edition, 1978. (In two volumes) (softcover, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-23615-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-23615-3">0-486-23615-3</a>)</li> <li>Budge. <i>The Rosetta Stone,</i> <a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">E.A.Wallace Budge</a>, (Dover Publications), c 1929, Dover edition(unabridged), 1989. (softcover, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-26163-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-26163-8">0-486-26163-8</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Ancient_Egyptian_religion506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/175px-Djed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/263px-Djed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/350px-Djed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I#Funerary_cult" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li> <li><b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li> <li><b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li> <li><b>J</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li> <li><b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li> <li><b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li> <li><b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li> <li><b>U</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li> <li><b>Y</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Egypt" title="Sphinx">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols<br />and objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a 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