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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alliages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alliages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alliages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alliages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Alliages</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alliages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alliages_binaires_cuivre-étain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alliages_binaires_cuivre-étain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Alliages binaires cuivre-étain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alliages_binaires_cuivre-étain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronzes_avec_éléments_d'addition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronzes_avec_éléments_d'addition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bronzes avec éléments d'addition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronzes_avec_éléments_d'addition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronze_au_béryllium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_au_béryllium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bronze au béryllium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_au_béryllium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Économie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Économie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Économie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Économie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bronze</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 127 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">127 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brons" title="Brons – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brons" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%88%B5" title="ናስ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronce" title="Bronce – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bronce" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="कांसा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कांसा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="برونز – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برونز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="برونز – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برونز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronce" title="Bronce – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bronce" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunc" title="Tunc – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tunc" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunggu" title="Prunggu – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Prunggu" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruonza" title="Bruonza – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bruonza" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronse" title="Bronse – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bronse" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Бронз – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бронз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="ব্রোঞ্জ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রোঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arem" title="Arem – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronza" title="Bronza – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bronza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%A5%E1%8E%B3_%E1%8F%94%E1%8E%B7%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᏥᎳ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏥᎳ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%95%DB%86%D9%86%D8%B2" title="بڕۆنز – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بڕۆنز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efydd" title="Efydd – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Efydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μπρούντζος – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπρούντζος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzo" title="Bronzo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bronzo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronce" title="Bronce – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bronce" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronks" title="Pronks – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pronks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brontze" title="Brontze – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brontze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronci" title="Bronci – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bronci" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B2" title="برنز – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برنز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronssi" title="Pronssi – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pronssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronks" title="Pronks – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pronks" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronse" title="Bronse – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bronse" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BBns" title="Brûns – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brûns" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9-umha" title="Cré-umha – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cré-umha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umha" title="Umha – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Umha" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronce" title="Bronce – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bronce" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="કાંસું – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાંસું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ארד – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="कांसा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कांसा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronca" title="Bronca – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bronca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A6" title="Բրոնզ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրոնզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzo" title="Bronzo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bronzo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gansa" title="Gansa – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gansa" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perunggu" title="Perunggu – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perunggu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzo" title="Bronzo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bronzo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brons" title="Brons – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brons" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzo" title="Bronzo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bronzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85" title="青銅 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="青銅" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branz" title="Branz – créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Branz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunggu" title="Prunggu – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prunggu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="ბრინჯაო – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრინჯაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azure%C9%A3" title="Azureɣ – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azureɣ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Қола – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қола" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಂಚು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಂಚು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%8F%99" title="청동 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="청동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aes_(mixtura)" title="Aes (mixtura) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aes (mixtura)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Чарвит – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чарвит" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3ns" title="Bróns – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bróns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bron" title="Bron – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bron" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronza" title="Bronza – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bronza" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronza" title="Bronza – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bronza" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimo" title="Alimo – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alimo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="വെങ്കലം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെങ്കലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хүрэл – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүрэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87" title="कांसे – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कांसे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsa" title="Gangsa – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပန်းတဉ်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပန်းတဉ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81)" title="काँस (मिश्रधातु) – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="काँस (मिश्रधातु)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="कँय् – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कँय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brons" title="Brons – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brons" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronse" title="Bronse – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bronse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronse" title="Bronse – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bronse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzu" title="Bronzu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bronzu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%C3%A6" title="Бронзæ – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бронзæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਾਂਸਾ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਂਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%85zy" title="Brązy – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brązy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کانسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کانسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champi" title="Champi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Champi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D2%A5" title="Чаҥ – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чаҥ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱟᱸᱥᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱸᱥᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzu" title="Bronzu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bronzu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%BD" title="ڪٽ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronza" title="Bronza – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bronza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bronze" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bron" title="Bron – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndarira" title="Ndarira – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ndarira" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronxi" title="Bronxi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bronxi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parunggu" title="Parunggu – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Parunggu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brons" title="Brons – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brons" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzi" title="Bronzi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bronzi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெண்கலம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெண்கலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81" title="కంచు – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంచు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D3%A3" title="Биринҷӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Биринҷӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="สัมฤทธิ์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัมฤทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronse" title="Bronse – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bronse" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bronz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бронза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کانسی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کانسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronza" title="Bronza – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bronza" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%91i%E1%BA%BFu" title="Đồng điếu – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng điếu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronse" title="Bronse – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bronse" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C" title="青铜 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="青铜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%96%E1%83%94_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ბრონზე (მეტალი) – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრონზე (მეტალი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96" title="בראנדז – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בראנדז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C" title="青铜 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="青铜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85" title="青銅 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="青銅" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhe%E2%81%BF-t%C3%A2ng" title="Chheⁿ-tâng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chheⁿ-tâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85" title="青銅 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="青銅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThusi" title="IThusi – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IThusi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34095#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Bronze" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Bronze" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&oldid=222900532" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Bronze_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bronze (homonymie)">Bronze (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete icon map" style="background-color:#777777;color:white"><div>Bronze<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style></div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG/260px-Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG/390px-Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG/520px-Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></div><table><caption style="text-align:center;background-color:#777777">Caractéristiques générales</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Composition</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p527"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a> (0,88)<br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">Étain</a> (0,12)<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095?uselang=fr#P527" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="text-align:center;background-color:#777777">Caractéristiques physiques</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Masse volumique</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p2054">8 600 kilogrammes par mètre cube<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095?uselang=fr#P2054" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="text-align:center;background-color:#777777">Caractéristiques mécaniques</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Dureté de Mohs</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1088">3<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095?uselang=fr#P1088" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid#777777"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095" class="extiw" title="d:Q34095">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Mat%C3%A9riaux" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Torque_gaulois_en_bronze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Torque_gaulois_en_bronze.jpg/220px-Torque_gaulois_en_bronze.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Torque_gaulois_en_bronze.jpg/330px-Torque_gaulois_en_bronze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Torque_gaulois_en_bronze.jpg/440px-Torque_gaulois_en_bronze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Copie de <a href="/wiki/Torque_(collier)" title="Torque (collier)">torque</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaulois_(peuples)" title="Gaulois (peuples)">gaulois</a> en bronze.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <b>bronze</b> est un nom générique qui était donné autrefois à tous les <a href="/wiki/Alliages_de_cuivre" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliages de cuivre">alliages de cuivre</a>. Aujourd'hui, son sens est le plus souvent restreint aux alliages de <a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">cuivre</a> ayant l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">étain</a> comme principal élément d'alliage. </p><p>Le terme <a href="/wiki/Airain" title="Airain">airain</a> désigne aussi le bronze en poésie et dans les textes littéraires, ainsi qu'en <a href="/wiki/Campanologie" title="Campanologie">campanologie</a>, où il désigne l’alliage utilisé pour la fonderie des cloches. </p><p>Les bronzes sont, pour la plupart, composés de plus de 54 % de <a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">cuivre</a> (qui peut aller jusqu'à avoisiner les 95 %<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) et d'une proportion variable, non seulement d'étain, mais aussi d'<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">plomb</a>, de <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">béryllium</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">manganèse</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">tungstène</a>, ainsi qu'accessoirement de <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">phosphore</a>, mais pas de <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> en quantité notable (il s'agit alors de <a href="/wiki/Laiton" title="Laiton">laiton</a>, dont le terme anglais <i>brass</i> est souvent par ailleurs traduit à tort par « bronze »). </p><p>Leurs caractéristiques principales sont une bonne résistance à l'<a href="/wiki/Usure_des_surfaces" title="Usure des surfaces">usure</a>, une résistance moyenne à la <a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">corrosion</a> et une bonne <a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">conductivité électrique</a>. On les utilise souvent comme <a href="/wiki/Frottement" title="Frottement">matériau de frottement</a> en face de l'<a href="/wiki/Acier" title="Acier">acier</a>. La corrosion des pièces en bronze est une entrave à leur usage dans le secteur de la marine et de l'industrie navale. Dans ce domaine on leur préfère des alliages cupro-aluminium. </p><p>Le point de fusion du bronze est d'environ <span title="1 832 °F ou 1 273,2 K">1 000 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. </p><p>Le bronze est travaillé par un <a href="/wiki/Bronzier" title="Bronzier">bronzier</a>. </p><p>Le bronze fait partie des métaux auto-lubrifiés. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ces alliages ont été pour la première fois utilisés pendant la période précisément appelée « <a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_bronze" title="Âge du bronze">âge du bronze</a> », pour fabriquer des <a href="/wiki/Outil" title="Outil">outils</a>, des armes, des instruments de musique et des <a href="/wiki/Armure_(%C3%A9quipement)" title="Armure (équipement)">armures</a> plus robustes et résistants que leurs prédécesseurs en cuivre ou en <a href="/wiki/Pierre_naturelle" title="Pierre naturelle">pierre naturelle</a>. Cette période s'étend globalement de 3 000 à 1 000 av. J.-C., mais avec de grandes variations suivant les régions et les ères considérées. </p><p>Pendant l'âge du <a href="/wiki/Bronze_ancien" title="Bronze ancien">Bronze ancien</a>, le bronze est souvent composé d'un <a href="/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage">alliage</a> à base de cuivre et d'<a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>, cette période est nommée l'âge du Bronze-Arsenic : employé comme durcissant, fondant et pour augmenter la brillance du métal, cet arsenic est une impureté naturelle contaminant le minerai de cuivre ou est ajouté intentionnellement comme adjuvant. </p><p>Au <a href="/wiki/Bronze_final" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze final">Bronze final</a>, se substitue à ce <a href="/wiki/Bronze_ars%C3%A9ni%C3%A9" title="Bronze arsénié">bronze arsenié</a> un alliage cuivre-étain permettant de fabriquer des métaux plus <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance_des_mat%C3%A9riaux" title="Résistance des matériaux">résistants</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ductilit%C3%A9" title="Ductilité">ductiles</a> (âge du Bronze-Étain)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'étain étant difficile à se procurer à cette époque, de nombreux objets étaient fabriqués en alliage cuivre-plomb. Ce bronze étant de moins bonne facture que l'alliage cuivre-étain puisqu'il est plus <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9silience_(physique)" title="Résilience (physique)">cassant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alliages">Alliages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Alliages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Alliages"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alliages_binaires_cuivre-étain"><span id="Alliages_binaires_cuivre-.C3.A9tain"></span>Alliages binaires cuivre-étain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Alliages binaires cuivre-étain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Alliages binaires cuivre-étain"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Diagramme_binaire_Cu_Sn_bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Diagramme_binaire_Cu_Sn_bronze.svg/300px-Diagramme_binaire_Cu_Sn_bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="539" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Diagramme_binaire_Cu_Sn_bronze.svg/450px-Diagramme_binaire_Cu_Sn_bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Diagramme_binaire_Cu_Sn_bronze.svg/600px-Diagramme_binaire_Cu_Sn_bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diagramme_binaire" title="Diagramme binaire">Diagramme binaire</a> cuivre-étain dans la gamme de composition des bronzes</figcaption></figure> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage">alliages</a> de cette famille contiennent uniquement du cuivre et de l'étain. À part quelques exceptions, ces bronzes contiennent entre 3 et 20 % d'étain. On en distingue deux types basés sur les phases : </p> <ul><li>les bronzes contenant uniquement la phase alpha (α) : jusqu'à environ 16 % d'étain ;</li> <li>les bronzes contenant les phases alpha et delta (α + δ) : au-delà de 16 % d'étain.</li></ul> <p>Les bronzes (α) sont des alliages pour <a href="/wiki/Corroyage" title="Corroyage">corroyage</a>. Leurs caractéristiques mécaniques, notamment la dureté, augmentent avec le taux de corroyage et avec la teneur en étain. Les alliages (α) les plus utilisés dans l'industrie sont Cu<sub>95</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> (UE5P), Cu<sub>92</sub>Sn<sub>8</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> (UE9P) et Cu<sub>88</sub>Sn<sub>12</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> (UE12)<sup id="cite_ref-formule_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formule-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les bronzes (α + δ) sont des alliages de fonderie, utilisés notamment pour la fabrication de cloches et de miroirs. </p><p>Les bronzes à <a href="/wiki/Cloche" title="Cloche">cloches</a> contiennent entre 20 et 25 % d'étain. C'est la phase delta qui donne la sonorité. Cette phase est dure. </p><p>Les bronzes à <a href="/wiki/Miroir" title="Miroir">miroir</a> sont composés de 30 à 35 % d'étain. L'étain en surface s'oxyde plus difficilement, alors que le cuivre allié ou en présence d'impuretés s'oxyde communément en formant le <a href="/wiki/Vert_de_gris" class="mw-redirect" title="Vert de gris">vert de gris</a>. On retrouve ici le principe de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tamage" title="Étamage">étamage</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronzes_avec_éléments_d'addition"><span id="Bronzes_avec_.C3.A9l.C3.A9ments_d.27addition"></span>Bronzes avec éléments d'addition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bronzes avec éléments d'addition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bronzes avec éléments d'addition"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dans certains alliages on ajoute : du <a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore">phosphore</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">plomb</a>. C'est le cas par exemple du Cu<sub></sub>Sn<sub>7</sub>Pb<sub>6</sub>Zn<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> (UE7)<sup id="cite_ref-formule_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formule-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Bronze_phosphoreux" title="Bronze phosphoreux">Bronze phosphoreux</a>.</div></div> <p>Le phosphore permet d'améliorer les caractéristiques mécaniques. Le zinc augmente la <a href="/wiki/Coulabilit%C3%A9" title="Coulabilité">coulabilité</a> ainsi que la malléabilité de l'alliage. Le plomb (jusqu'à 6 %) permet une meilleure usinabilité. Les bronzes utilisés pour les <a href="/wiki/Frottement" title="Frottement">pièces de frottement</a> peuvent contenir jusqu'à 30 % de plomb. Enfin, le <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">béryllium</a> apporte une dureté exceptionnelle au <a href="/wiki/Bronze_au_b%C3%A9ryllium" title="Bronze au béryllium">bronze</a>, qui se rapproche de la dureté des aciers trempés, tout en gardant toutes les qualités de frottement spécifiques au bronze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_au_béryllium"><span id="Bronze_au_b.C3.A9ryllium"></span>Bronze au béryllium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Bronze au béryllium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bronze au béryllium"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Bronze_au_b%C3%A9ryllium" title="Bronze au béryllium">Bronze au béryllium</a>.</div></div> <p>Le cuprobéryllium est souvent appelé <a href="/wiki/Bronze_au_b%C3%A9ryllium" title="Bronze au béryllium">bronze au béryllium</a> bien qu'il ne contienne pas d'étain, il est en réalité un alliage de <a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">cuivre</a> avec 2 % en poids de <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">béryllium</a> utilisé pour ses propriétés mécaniques remarquables en raison de sa grande dureté. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Économie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dans la mesure où le bronze est essentiellement composé de cuivre, le premier métal a tendance à suivre le cours du second. Le prix de l'étain influe également sur celui du bronze car il s'agit du second composant de ce métal en pourcentage. En septembre 2021, la tonne de cuivre s'échange autour de 9 250 <abbr class="abbr" title="USD"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Dollar américain">USD</a></abbr> au <a href="/wiki/London_Metal_Exchange" title="London Metal Exchange">London Metal Exchange</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et celle d'étain autour de 33 000 USD<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En première approximation, une tonne de bronze non recyclée coûte en proportion de la teneur en cuivre et étain. Le prix de reprise du bronze par le ferrailleur correspond à environ 60 % du prix du métal neuf<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les premiers acheteurs sont les <a href="/wiki/Aci%C3%A9rie" title="Aciérie">aciéries</a> et les firmes sidérurgiques<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-formule-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-formule_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-formule_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Les nombres qui suivent les désignations des éléments indiquent leur pourcentage massique dans l'alliage. Par exemple, l'alliage Cu<sub>95</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> contient 95 % de cuivre et 5 % d'étain, ce qui s'écrit parfois de façon plus concise CuSn<sub>5</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedie-universelle.net/abeille1/bronze-techniques-fonderie.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le bronze : technique de fonderie</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-08-28" data-sort-value="2018-08-28">28 aout 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lechtman1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Heather_Lechtman1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Heather <span class="nom_auteur">Lechtman</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Arsenic Bronze: Dirty Copper or Chosen Alloy? A View from the Americas</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of Field Archaeology</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 23, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996">24 1996</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 477 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530550">10.2307/530550</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arsenic+Bronze%3A+Dirty+Copper+or+Chosen+Alloy%3F+A+View+from+the+Americas&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Archaeology&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Lechtman&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=477&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F530550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABronze"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lme.com/en/Metals/Non-ferrous/LME-Copper#Trading+day+summary"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">LME copper</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.lme.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-09-18" data-sort-value="2021-09-18">18 septembre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-09-18" data-sort-value="2021-09-18">18 septembre 2021</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lme.com/en/Metals/Non-ferrous/LME-Tin#Trading+day+summary"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">LME tin</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.lme.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-09-18" data-sort-value="2021-09-18">18 septembre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-09-18" data-sort-value="2021-09-18">18 septembre 2021</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financeaz.fr/investissement/matieres-premieres/metaux/bronze"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Cours du bronze, prix de revente chez le ferrailleur</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prix-metaux.net/bronze.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Bronze : tout savoir sur cet alliage (prix, utilisation, composants)</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bronze" class="extiw" title="wikt:bronze">bronze</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_bronze" title="Âge du bronze">Âge du bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_en_bronze" title="Sculpture en bronze">Sculpture en bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_en_bronze" title="Sculpture en bronze">Bronze d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiton" title="Laiton">Laiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau" title="Matériau">Matériau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gule" title="Régule">Régule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_de_bronze" title="Médaille de bronze">Médaille de bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer_d%27airain" title="Mer d'airain">Mer d'airain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_autrichien" title="Bronze autrichien">Bronze autrichien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronzital" title="Bronzital">bronzital</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T011501"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Grove Art Online</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la musique<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/2c3abb68-c372-4b63-b395-6262ac1692ef"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/bronze-alloy"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//bronze/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0164922.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=9685"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/bronse"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bronzo"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976193v">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976193v">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85017093">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4146667-6">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570282">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007292423105171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph174617">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie" title="Modèle:Palette Pierres et métaux de joaillerie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Pierres et métaux de <a href="/wiki/Joaillerie" title="Joaillerie">joaillerie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pr%C3%A9cieux" title="Métal précieux">Métaux précieux</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Platine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage">Alliages</a> de métaux précieux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Or#Alliages" title="Or">Alliages aurifères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_blanc" title="Or blanc">Or blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_Britannia" title="Argent Britannia">Argent Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_sterling" title="Argent sterling">Argent sterling </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billon_(alliage)" title="Billon (alliage)">Billon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrum" title="Électrum">Électrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeil" title="Vermeil">Vermeil</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;">Métaux et alliages</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acier_inoxydable" title="Acier inoxydable">Acier inoxydable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airain" title="Airain">Airain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliage_plomb-%C3%A9tain" title="Alliage plomb-étain">Alliage plomb-étain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiton" title="Laiton">Laiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillechort" title="Maillechort">Maillechort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alliage)" title="Pinchbeck (alliage)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)">Tantale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Titane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">Tungstène</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_pr%C3%A9cieuse" title="Pierre précieuse">Pierres précieuses</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubis" title="Rubis">Rubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89meraude" title="Émeraude">Émeraude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saphir" title="Saphir">Saphir</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Pierres fines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinote_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Actinote (minéral)">Actinote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigue-marine" title="Aigue-marine">Aigue-marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrite" title="Alexandrite">Alexandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblygonite" title="Amblygonite">Amblygonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9thyste" title="Améthyste">Améthyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatase" title="Anatase">Anatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Andradite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9site" title="Anglésite">Anglésite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">Apatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinite" title="Axinite">Axinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barytine" title="Barytine">Barytine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nito%C3%AFte" title="Bénitoïte">Bénitoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilianite" title="Brazilianite">Brazilianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancrinite" title="Cancrinite">Cancrinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charo%C3%AFte" title="Charoïte">Charoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolle" title="Chrysocolle">Chrysocolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine" title="Citrine">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinozo%C3%AFsite" title="Clinozoïsite">Clinozoïsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordi%C3%A9rite" title="Cordiérite">Cordiérite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaline" title="Cornaline">Cornaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral)">Cristal de roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danburite" title="Danburite">Danburite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Démantoïde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disth%C3%A8ne" title="Disthène">Disthène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elba%C3%AFte" title="Elbaïte">Elbaïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pidote" title="Épidote">Épidote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosh%C3%A9nite" title="Goshénite">Goshénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenat" title="Grenat">Grenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%BCyne" title="Haüyne">Haüyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liodore_(b%C3%A9ryl)" title="Héliodore (béryl)">Héliodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9matite" title="Hématite">Hématite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Hiddénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe">Jaspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Kunzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis-lazuli" title="Lapis-lazuli">Lapis-lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Mélanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcline" title="Microcline">Microcline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morganite" title="Morganite">Morganite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92il-de-tigre" title="Œil-de-tigre">Œil-de-tigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoclase" title="Oligoclase">Oligoclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Onyx (minéral)">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opale" title="Opale">Opale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painite" title="Painite">Painite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riclase" title="Périclase">Périclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ridot" title="Péridot">Péridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_lune" title="Pierre de lune">Pierre de lune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liolite" title="Héliolite">Pierre de soleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehnite" title="Prehnite">Prehnite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_rose" title="Quartz rose">Quartz rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_fum%C3%A9" title="Quartz fumé">Quartz fumé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">Rutile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">Scheelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Serpentine (minéral)">Serpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">Spessartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinelle" title="Spinelle">Spinelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Spodumène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurolite" title="Staurolite">Staurolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9molite" title="Trémolite">Trémolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaze_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Topaze (minéral)">Topaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Turquoise (minéral)">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvarovite" title="Uvarovite">Uvarovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Gemmes</a> organiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre">Ambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corail_rouge" title="Corail rouge">Corail rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jais" title="Jais">Jais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellite_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Mellite (minéral)">Mellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perle" title="Perle">Perle</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail de la chimie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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