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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Généralités et histoire de l'élément</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Généralités_et_histoire_de_l'élément-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Étymologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Isotopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrences_dans_les_milieux_naturels,_minéralogie_et_géologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrences_dans_les_milieux_naturels,_minéralogie_et_géologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Occurrences dans les milieux naturels, minéralogie et géologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occurrences_dans_les_milieux_naturels,_minéralogie_et_géologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corps_simple_et_composés_chimiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corps_simple_et_composés_chimiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Corps simple et composés chimiques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corps_simple_et_composés_chimiques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Corps simple et composés chimiques</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Corps_simple_et_composés_chimiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propriétés_physiques_et_chimiques_du_corps_simple_métallique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriétés_physiques_et_chimiques_du_corps_simple_métallique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Propriétés physiques et chimiques du corps simple métallique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriétés_physiques_et_chimiques_du_corps_simple_métallique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alliages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alliages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Alliages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alliages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimie_du_rhodium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimie_du_rhodium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Chimie du rhodium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimie_du_rhodium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composés_chimiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composés_chimiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Composés chimiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composés_chimiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Utilisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Toxicité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Évolution_du_cours_et_commerce_en_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Évolution_du_cours_et_commerce_en_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Évolution du cours et commerce en France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Évolution_du_cours_et_commerce_en_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 141 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">141 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AE%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሮዲየም – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሮዲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोडियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रोडियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روديوم – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روديوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روديوم – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روديوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روديوم – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روديوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rodiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronyadel" title="Ronyadel – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ronyadel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodyo" title="Rodyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rodyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Родый – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Родый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Род (элемэнт) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Род (элемэнт)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोडियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रोडियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="রোডিয়াম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোডিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="རོ་ཌིམ། – tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རོ་ཌིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiom" title="Rodiom – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rodiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rodij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodi" title="Rodi – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rodi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodyo" title="Rodyo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rodyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ڕۆدیۆم – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆدیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Rodiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodiwm" title="Rhodiwm – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhodiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρόδιο – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roodium" title="Roodium – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roodium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="رودیم – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رودیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recommandé"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roodium" title="Roodium – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Roodium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodi" title="Rodi – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Rodi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3idiam" title="Róidiam – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Róidiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2dium" title="Ròdium – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ròdium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="રોડિયમ – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રોડિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roydjum" title="Roydjum – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Roydjum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רודיום – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רודיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोडियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोडियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rodij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rody%C3%B2m" title="Rodyòm – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rodyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3dium" title="Ródium – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ródium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ռոդիում – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոդիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3d%C3%ADn" title="Ródín – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ródín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ロジウム – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロジウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zgujinme" title="zgujinme – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zgujinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodhiyum" title="Rodhiyum – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rodhiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="როდიუმი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="როდიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%94d%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Rɔdɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rɔdɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ರೋಡಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೋಡಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%90" title="로듐 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로듐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rody%C3%BBm" title="Rodyûm – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rodyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiom" title="Rodiom – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rodiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rodio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodis" title="Rodis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rodis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodijs" title="Rodijs – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rodijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Родиум – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Родиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റോഡിയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോഡിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Роди – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Роди" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯔ꯭ꯍꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔ꯭ꯍꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ऱ्होडियम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्होडियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ရိုဒီယမ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရိုဒီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="र्‍होडियम – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="र्‍होडियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोदियम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रोदियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2di" title="Ròdi – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ròdi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodii" title="Rodii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Rodii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਰ੍ਹੋਡੀਅਮ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰ੍ਹੋਡੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोडियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रोडियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_(pierwiastek)" title="Rod (pierwiastek) – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rod (pierwiastek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2dio" title="Ròdio – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ròdio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روڈیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روڈیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روديوم – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روديوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ródio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutyu" title="Rutyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rutyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rodiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Rodiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोडियम – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रोडियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2diu" title="Ròdiu – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ròdiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rodiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodijum" title="Rodijum – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rodijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3dium" title="Ródium – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ródium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rodij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roodhiyaam" title="Roodhiyaam – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Roodhiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodiumi" title="Rhodiumi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rhodiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Родијум – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Родијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rodium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodi" title="Rodi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rodi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உரோடியம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரோடியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రోడియం – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రోడియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="โรเดียม – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรเดียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodyo" title="Rodyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rodyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodyum" title="Rodyum – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rodyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Родий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A" title="رودىي – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رودىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Родій – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Родій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="رہوڈیئم – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رہوڈیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiy" title="Rodiy – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rodiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodii" title="Rodii – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rodii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodi" title="Rhodi – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rhodi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodyo" title="Rodyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rodyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铑" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Родиум – kalmouk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Родиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmouk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רהאדיום – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רהאדיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A0" title="銠 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銠" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rhodium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A0" title="銠 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ULundu" title="ULundu – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ULundu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1087#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Rhodium" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Rhodium" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Rhodium" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&oldid=224126707" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Rhodium&id=224126707&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRhodium"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRhodium"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rhodium"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rhodium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rhodium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1087" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cet article concerne l'élément chimique, le corps simple et les composés chimiques correspondant à ses combinaisons chimiques avec d'autres éléments. Pour les autres significations, voir <a href="/wiki/Rhodium_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rhodium (homonymie)">Rhodium (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#FFC0C0;color:black;">Rhodium </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Rhodium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg/220px-Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg/330px-Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg/440px-Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5280" data-file-height="2704" /></a></span> <br />Rhodium métal pulvérulent, compacté en cylindre plein ou en bille grâce à la métallurgie des poudres </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="nocellpadding" style="border-spacing:0; width:100%; background:#f9f9f9"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">Ruthénium</a> ← <b>Rhodium</b> → <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a></td><td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate; width:248px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:7px; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cubique_%C3%A0_faces_centr%C3%A9es" title="Cubique à faces centrées"><img alt="Structure cristalline cubique à faces centrée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/60px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/65px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/86px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="126" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none; width:7px; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none; text-align:center; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt; border:none; padding:0; line-height:1em; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <br />45</td> <td style="font-size:16pt; border:none; padding:0; line-height:1em; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><b>Rh</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 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pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↑</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Rh</b></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↓</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">Tableau complet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_%C3%A9tendu" title="Tableau périodique étendu">Tableau étendu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000">Position dans le <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">tableau périodique</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Symbole_chimique" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbole chimique">Symbole</a> </th> <td>Rh </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nom_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Nom des éléments chimiques">Nom</a> </th> <td>Rhodium </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique" title="Numéro atomique">Numéro atomique</a> </th> <td>45 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe du tableau périodique">Groupe</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période du tableau périodique">Période</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a><sup>e</sup> période </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Bloc du tableau périodique">Bloc</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloc_d_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Bloc d du tableau périodique">Bloc d</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Famille d'éléments chimiques">Famille d'éléments</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métal de transition</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Configuration_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Configuration électronique">Configuration électronique</a> </th> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4<a href="/wiki/Orbitale-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-d">d</a><sup>8</sup> 5<a href="/wiki/Orbitale-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-s">s</a><sup>1</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron" title="Électron">Électrons</a> par <a href="/wiki/Niveau_d%27%C3%A9nergie" title="Niveau d'énergie">niveau d’énergie</a> </th> <td>2, 8, 18, 16 et 1 </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000">Propriétés atomiques de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_atomique" title="Masse atomique">Masse atomique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">102,905 50</span> ± 0,000 02 <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rayon_atomique" title="Rayon atomique">Rayon atomique</a> <small>(calc)</small> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,35 Å">135</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> (<span class="nowrap"><span title="1,73 Å">173</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span>) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rayon_de_covalence" title="Rayon de covalence">Rayon de covalence</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,42 Å">142</span> ± 7 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nombre_d%27oxydation" title="Nombre d'oxydation">État d’oxydation</a> </th> <td>2, 3 et 4 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité">Électronégativité</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Pauling" title="Échelle de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</small> </th> <td>2,28 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Oxyde" title="Oxyde">Oxyde</a> </th> <td>Amphotère </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">Énergies d’ionisation</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="1,195 047 4E−18 J ou 719,674 3 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 166,2 nm">7,458 90</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="2,896 735 1E−18 J ou 1 744,454 4 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 68,6 nm">18,08</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="4,976 360 2E−18 J ou 2 996,833 6 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 39,9 nm">31,06</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotope_du_rhodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotope du rhodium (page inexistante)">Isotopes les plus stables</a></th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"><table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Iso</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Abondance_naturelle" title="Abondance naturelle">AN</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_radioactive" title="Période radioactive">Période</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Mode_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Mode de désintégration">MD</a></th><th> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Énergie de désintégration">Ed</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Produit_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Produit de désintégration">PD</a></th></tr><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"><th> <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a></th></tr><tr><td><sup>101</sup>Rh</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_synth%C3%A9tique" title="Radioisotope synthétique">{syn.}</a></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span title="104 068 800 s">3,3</span> <span title="Année">a</span></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Capture_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Capture électronique">ε</a></td><td>0,542</td><td><sup>101</sup><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">Ru</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>102<a href="/wiki/Isom%C3%A8re_nucl%C3%A9aire" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomère nucléaire">m</a></sup>Rh</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_synth%C3%A9tique" title="Radioisotope synthétique">{syn.}</a></td><td>~<span class="nowrap"><span title="91 454 400 s">2,9</span> <span title="Année">a</span></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Capture_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Capture électronique">ε</a> <br />——<br /> <a href="/wiki/Transition_isom%C3%A9rique" title="Transition isomérique">TI</a></td><td>2,464 <br />———<br /> 0,141</td><td><sup>102</sup>Ru <br />———<br /> <sup>102</sup>Rh</td></tr><tr><td><sup>103</sup>Rh</td><td><b><span class="nowrap"><span title="1 000 000 ppm">100</span> <span title="pourcent">%</span></span></b></td><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Isotope_stable" title="Isotope stable">stable</a> avec 58 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000">Propriétés physiques du <a href="/wiki/Corps_simple" title="Corps simple">corps simple</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(thermodynamique)" title="Phase (thermodynamique)">État ordinaire</a> </th> <td>Solide </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="12 410 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 133,32 °Baumé">12,41</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> (<span class="nowrap"><span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20</span> <span title="Degré Celsius">°C</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin" title="Système cristallin">Système cristallin</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cubique_%C3%A0_faces_centr%C3%A9es" title="Cubique à faces centrées">Cubique à faces centrées</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Duret%C3%A9_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Dureté (matériau)">Dureté</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Mohs" title="Échelle de Mohs">Mohs</a>)</small> </th> <td>6 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Couleur" title="Couleur">Couleur</a> </th> <td>Blanc argenté métallique </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_de_fusion" title="Point de fusion">Point de fusion</a> </th> <td><span title="3 567,2 °F ou 2 237,2 K">1 964 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_d%27%C3%A9bullition" title="Point d'ébullition">Point d’ébullition</a> </th> <td><span title="6 683 °F ou 3 968,2 K">3 695 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_fusion" class="mw-disambig" title="Énergie de fusion">Énergie de fusion</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,222 831 855 631 66 eV ou 5 138,62 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">21,5</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_vaporisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Énergie de vaporisation">Énergie de vaporisation</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="5,109 586 270 995 6 eV ou 117 829,83 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">493</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Volume_molaire" title="Volume molaire">Volume molaire</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">8,28</span>×10<sup class="exposant">-3</sup> <span title="mètre">m</span><sup>3</sup>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pression_de_vapeur" title="Pression de vapeur">Pression de vapeur</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="6,33E−6 bar ou 6,247 224 278 312 4E−6 atm">0,633</span> <span title="pascal">Pa</span></span> à <br /> <span title="3 570,5 °F ou 2 239 K ou 4,636 914 368 4E−20 J">1 965,85 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vitesse_du_son" title="Vitesse du son">Vitesse du son</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="16 920 km·h⁻¹ ou 10 513,6 mph">4 700</span> <span title="mètre">m</span>·<span title="Seconde">s</span><sup>-1</sup></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20</span> <span title="Degré Celsius">°C</span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_thermique_massique" title="Capacité thermique massique">Chaleur massique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">0,242</span> <span title="joule">J</span>·<span title="Kilogramme">kg</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité électrique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">21,1</span>×10<sup class="exposant">6</sup> <span title="Siemens">S</span>·<span title="mètre">m</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Conductivité thermique">Conductivité thermique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">150</span> <span title="Watt">W</span>·<span title="mètre">m</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000">Divers</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CAS" title="Numéro CAS"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> CAS</a> </th> <td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=7440-16-6&language=fr&title=Rhodium">7440-16-6</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <a href="/wiki/Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_des_produits_chimiques" title="Agence européenne des produits chimiques"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> ECHA</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echa.europa.eu/fr/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.295">100.028.295</a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CE" title="Numéro CE"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> CE</a> </th> <td>231-125-0 </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000">Précautions</th></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_harmonis%C3%A9_de_classification_et_d%27%C3%A9tiquetage_des_produits_chimiques" title="Système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques">SGH</a><sup id="cite_ref-sa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Poudre" title="Poudre">État pulvérulent</a> :<div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="SGH02 : Inflammable"><img alt="SGH02 : Inflammable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br />Danger</div><span title="Matière solide inflammable">H228</span> et <span title="Tenir à l’écart de la chaleur/des étincelles/des flammes nues/des surfaces chaudes. — Ne pas fumer.">P210</span><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding : 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"><b>H228</b> : Matière solide inflammable<br /><b>P210</b> : Tenir à l’écart de la chaleur/des étincelles/des flammes nues/des surfaces chaudes. — Ne pas fumer.<br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0C0; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information_sur_les_mati%C3%A8res_dangereuses_utilis%C3%A9es_au_travail" title="Système d'information sur les matières dangereuses utilisées au travail">SIMDUT</a><sup id="cite_ref-Reptox_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reptox-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><br />Produit non contrôlé<div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;">Ce produit n'est pas contrôlé selon les critères de classification du SIMDUT.<br /><br />Divulgation à 1,0% selon la liste de divulgation des ingrédients<br />Commentaires : La dénomination chimique et la concentration de cet ingrédient doivent être divulgués sur la fiche signalétique s'il est présent à une concentration égale ou supérieure à 1,0 % dans un produit contrôlé.</div></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#FFC0C0;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><small><i>Unités du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">SI</a> & <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</a>, sauf indication contraire.</i></small></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFC0C0 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89l%C3%A9ment/Rhodium" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>rhodium</b> est l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément chimique</a> de <a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique" title="Numéro atomique">numéro atomique</a> 45 et de symbole Rh. </p><p>Le corps simple « rhodium » est un métal dur et cassant de la catégorie des <a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_platine" title="Groupe du platine">platinoïdes</a> légers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Généralités_et_histoire_de_l'élément"><span id="G.C3.A9n.C3.A9ralit.C3.A9s_et_histoire_de_l.27.C3.A9l.C3.A9ment"></span>Généralités et histoire de l'élément</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Généralités et histoire de l'élément" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Généralités et histoire de l'élément"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avec le <a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">ruthénium</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">platine</a>, il forme le <a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_platine" title="Groupe du platine">groupe du platine</a> au sens large, aussi nommé « ensemble des platinoïdes ». Le rhodium, dont le corps simple a des propriétés similaires à celles du platine, ne fait pas partie du sous-groupe du platine mais du sous-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groupe_de_l%E2%80%99iridium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groupe de l’iridium (page inexistante)">groupe de l’iridium</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rhodium_78g_sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Rhodium_78g_sample.jpg/220px-Rhodium_78g_sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Rhodium_78g_sample.jpg/330px-Rhodium_78g_sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Rhodium_78g_sample.jpg/440px-Rhodium_78g_sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4360" data-file-height="2930" /></a><figcaption>Morceau cubicoïdal de 78 <abbr class="abbr" title="gramme">g</abbr> de rhodium.</figcaption></figure> <p>En 1803, <a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Hyde Wollaston</a> découvrit cet élément, de même que le palladium, à partir de minerais provenant d'un gîte de platine natif originaire d’Amérique du Sud, en particulier de minerai d’une mine de platine colombienne pour le Rh et du <a href="/wiki/Platine_natif" title="Platine natif">platine brut</a> de <a href="/wiki/Colombie" title="Colombie">Colombie</a> pour le Pd. La « liqueur jaune » obtenue par l’addition d’eau chaude, après avoir retiré l’<a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a> des reliquats noirs de fabrication du platine, contient essentiellement des platinoïdes tel que l’<a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a>, mais aussi de manière variable (suivant les échantillons) du rhodium, du <a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">ruthénium</a> et parfois du platine<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'addition de <a href="/wiki/Salmiac" title="Salmiac">salmiac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorure_d%27ammonium" title="Chlorure d'ammonium">chlorure d'ammonium</a>) à cette liqueur permet d'y précipiter l'essentiel des platinoïdes, hormis les composés oxydés et chlorurés du rhodium solubles. Après évaporation, un traitement par réduction à l'aide de gaz dihydrogène permet d'obtenir le corps simple métal rhodium. Notons qu'un lavage à l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_nitrique" title="Acide nitrique">acide nitrique</a> ou à l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_chlorhydrique" title="Acide chlorhydrique">acide chlorhydrique</a> s'impose pour éliminer les impuretés conséquentes ou les traces de fer ou de cuivre, qui se révèlent à leur couleur rouge foncé, et obtenir des cristaux de rhodium relativement purs. </p><p>L'autre partie, minoritaire ou parfois négligeable, du rhodium a formé un chlorure double et se retrouve avec le précipité chloruré de ruthénium et d'iridium. Une réduction au rouge par le gaz dihydrogène permet d'obtenir une éponge de métal platinoïde, il faut fondre cette dernière matière avec le plomb pour obtenir de façon séparée les cristaux d'iridium et de ruthénium. Le plomb fondu dissout les reliquats de rhodium, de platine rhodié voire de platine. En attaquant le plomb par l'acide nitrique, l'opérateur reprend les composés à base de rhodium et de platine, le rhodium sera séparé par l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_sulfurique" title="Acide sulfurique">acide sulfurique</a> sous forme de sulfate de rhodium et le platine par l'eau régale sous forme de complexes <a href="/wiki/Hexachloroplatinate" title="Hexachloroplatinate">hexachloroplatinates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le nom dérive du mot grec <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">ῥόδον</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>rhódon</i></span>, « rose ». Ce nom a été proposé par son découvreur à cause de la couleur rose-rouge de quelques composés phares du rhodium, en particulier de l'hydroxyde. Le premier métal obtenu semble aussi avoir été légèrement impur, recelant des traces significatives de cuivre ou de fer à effet rougeoyant. </p><p>Le terme gréco-latin « rhodium » n'apparaît en français qu'en 1805 dans les rapports sur les travaux de Wollaston<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[<abbr class="abbr" title="référence">réf.</abbr> souhaitée]</a></sup> présentés par les « <a href="/wiki/Annales_de_Chimie" class="mw-redirect" title="Annales de Chimie">Annales de Chimie</a> ». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Isotopes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Isotopes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_du_rhodium" title="Isotopes du rhodium">Isotopes du rhodium</a>.</div></div> <p>Le rhodium possède 34 <abbr class="abbr" title="isotopes"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a></abbr> connus avec des <a href="/wiki/Nombre_de_masse" title="Nombre de masse">nombres de masse</a> variant entre <span class="nowrap">89 et 122</span>, ainsi que 22 <abbr class="abbr" title="isomères nucléaires"><a href="/wiki/Isom%C3%A9rie_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Isomérie nucléaire">isomères nucléaires</a></abbr>. Parmi ces isotopes, un seul est <a href="/wiki/Isotope_stable" title="Isotope stable">stable</a>, <sup>103</sup>Rh<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, et constitue l'intégralité du rhodium naturel, faisant du rhodium un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_monoisotopique" title="Élément monoisotopique">élément monoisotopique</a> et un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_mononucl%C3%A9idique" title="Élément mononucléidique">élément mononucléidique</a>. Sa masse atomique standard est donc de 102,905 50(2) <abbr class="abbr" title="unité de masse atomique"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_masse_atomique_unifi%C3%A9e" title="Unité de masse atomique unifiée">u</a></abbr>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrences_dans_les_milieux_naturels,_minéralogie_et_géologie"><span id="Occurrences_dans_les_milieux_naturels.2C_min.C3.A9ralogie_et_g.C3.A9ologie"></span>Occurrences dans les milieux naturels, minéralogie et géologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Occurrences dans les milieux naturels, minéralogie et géologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Occurrences dans les milieux naturels, minéralogie et géologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Clarke_(grandeur)" title="Clarke (grandeur)">clarke</a> de ce platinoïde est estimé à 0,001 <abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par tonne">g/t</abbr> ou 0,001 <abbr class="abbr" title="partie par million">ppm</abbr> dans la <a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%BBte_terrestre" title="Croûte terrestre">croûte terrestre</a>, ce qui est très similaire à l’<a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a>. Il est aussi présent dans certaines météorites. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Rhodium_natif" title="Rhodium natif">rhodium natif</a>, très rare, est le minéral qui correspond au corps simple métallique, alors que la <a href="/wiki/Rhodite" class="mw-disambig" title="Rhodite">rhodite</a> est un alliage d’or et de rhodium. </p><p>Le rhodium est un métal rare et cher, la production mondiale provenant principalement de la récupération au cours de traitement d’autres minerais. Elle n’était que de 12 tonnes par an dans les années 1990 et de 20 tonnes par an en 2010. <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence." style="cursor:help;">L’Afrique du Sud, l’<a href="/wiki/Oural" title="Oural">Oural</a> (Russie) et l’<a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> (Canada) fournissent l’essentiel de la production mondiale de rhodium</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup>. Ils l’extraient laborieusement des gangues minérales où il se marie au palladium, à l’argent ou au platine. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9nergie_atomique_et_aux_%C3%A9nergies_alternatives" title="Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives">CEA</a> travaille à un projet de récupération du rhodium dans les <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9chet_radioactif" title="Déchet radioactif">déchets radioactifs</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rhodium_(Rh).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rhodium_%28Rh%29.jpg/250px-Rhodium_%28Rh%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rhodium_%28Rh%29.jpg/330px-Rhodium_%28Rh%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Rhodium_%28Rh%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Une goutte de rhodium solidifiée.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Pure_rhodium_bead,_1_gram._Original_size_in_cm_-_0.5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pure_rhodium_bead%2C_1_gram._Original_size_in_cm_-_0.5.jpg/220px-Pure_rhodium_bead%2C_1_gram._Original_size_in_cm_-_0.5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pure_rhodium_bead%2C_1_gram._Original_size_in_cm_-_0.5.jpg/330px-Pure_rhodium_bead%2C_1_gram._Original_size_in_cm_-_0.5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Pure_rhodium_bead%2C_1_gram._Original_size_in_cm_-_0.5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Gouttelette de rhodium solidifiée de 0,5 <abbr class="abbr" title="gramme">g</abbr> sous l’effet du crépitement (<a href="/wiki/Rochage" title="Rochage">rochage</a>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corps_simple_et_composés_chimiques"><span id="Corps_simple_et_compos.C3.A9s_chimiques"></span>Corps simple et composés chimiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Corps simple et composés chimiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Corps simple et composés chimiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propriétés_physiques_et_chimiques_du_corps_simple_métallique"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s_physiques_et_chimiques_du_corps_simple_m.C3.A9tallique"></span>Propriétés physiques et chimiques du corps simple métallique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés physiques et chimiques du corps simple métallique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés physiques et chimiques du corps simple métallique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’apparence du corps simple est celle d’un métal blanc brillant et argenté, cristallin de maille CFC (<a href="/wiki/Cubique_%C3%A0_faces_centr%C3%A9es" title="Cubique à faces centrées">cubique à faces centrées</a>), de haute réflectivité mais toutefois moins que celle de l’argent. Il est moyennement dur et relativement inerte sur le plan <a href="/wiki/Thermochimique" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermochimique">thermochimique</a> (donc grande résistance à la corrosion). </p><p>Le rhodium fondu dissout l’<a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">oxygène gazeux</a> et lorsqu’il se solidifie, l’oxygène qu’il contient se libère avec force sous la forme de crépitements. Il se travaille facilement avec une torche à fusion propane–oxygène. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rhodium_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_gl%C3%BChendem_Salzbad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rhodium_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_gl%C3%BChendem_Salzbad.jpg/250px-Rhodium_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_gl%C3%BChendem_Salzbad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rhodium_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_gl%C3%BChendem_Salzbad.jpg/330px-Rhodium_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_gl%C3%BChendem_Salzbad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rhodium_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_gl%C3%BChendem_Salzbad.jpg/500px-Rhodium_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_gl%C3%BChendem_Salzbad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>Le rhodium pulvérulent se dissout facilement dans les bains fondus alcalins, ici dans une cornue transparente chauffée au super-chalumeau.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le rhodium compact est insoluble dans les acides forts mais sous la forme d’une poudre fine, qu’on appelle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noir_de_rhodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noir de rhodium (page inexistante)">noir de rhodium</a>, il se dissout aisément dans l’<a href="/wiki/Acide_sulfurique" title="Acide sulfurique">acide sulfurique</a> ou l’<a href="/wiki/Eau_r%C3%A9gale" title="Eau régale">eau régale</a>. </p><p>Le rhodium est soluble dans les bains de cyanures fondus et les sels alcalins fondus. </p><p>Il présente des propriétés catalytiques à l’état divisé, mais aussi en phase homogène, assez analogues à celle du platine. Le rhodium montre des propriétés <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A9ricide" title="Bactéricide">bactéricides</a> (il détruit les germes). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alliages">Alliages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Alliages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Alliages"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les alliages avec le platine et le palladium sont durs et résistants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimie_du_rhodium">Chimie du rhodium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Chimie du rhodium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Chimie du rhodium"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les valences les plus communes sont de II à VI. </p><p>Le rhodium métallique réagit directement avec l’<a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">oxygène gazeux</a> à partir de <span title="1 112 °F ou 873,2 K">600 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> en formant le sesquioxyde de rhodium Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> qui se décompose en ses composants atomiques si on le chauffe au-delà de <span title="3 632 °F ou 2 273,2 K">2 000 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Silver_double-bass_-_miniature.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Silver_double-bass_-_miniature.JPG/220px-Silver_double-bass_-_miniature.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Silver_double-bass_-_miniature.JPG/330px-Silver_double-bass_-_miniature.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Silver_double-bass_-_miniature.JPG/440px-Silver_double-bass_-_miniature.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2852" data-file-height="4039" /></a><figcaption>Miniature de contrebasse à cœur d’argent de titre 950 plaqué rhodium (taille 125 <abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr>, masse 32 <abbr class="abbr" title="gramme">g</abbr>) fabriquée par un joaillier-argentier brésilien.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le rhodium réagit avec le <a href="/wiki/Difluor" title="Difluor">fluor gazeux</a> au-delà de <span title="572 °F ou 573,2 K">300 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> : </p> <dl><dd>Rh <sub>solide cristal, en poudre</sub> + <span class="texhtml"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em;">3</span><span style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">2</span></span></span> F<sub>2</sub> <sub>gaz</sub> → RhF<sub>3</sub> <sub>gaz</sub></dd></dl> <p>Sous <a href="/wiki/Incandescence" title="Incandescence">incandescence</a>, le rhodium réagit avec le <a href="/wiki/Dichlore" title="Dichlore">chlore gazeux</a> pour former divers chlorures de rhodium dont RhCl<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. On connaît aussi le bromure de rhodium RhBr<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. </p><p>Le rhodium, comme les autres platinoïdes, est attaqué par le soufre ainsi que par de nombreux semi-métaux : P, Se, Te, As, Sb, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr> </p><p>Il n’existe pas de <a href="/wiki/Cation" title="Cation">cations</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion_monoatomique" title="Ion monoatomique">monoatomiques</a> simples du rhodium, mais des <a href="/wiki/Oxoanion" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxoanion">oxoanions</a> et de nombreux complexes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composés_chimiques"><span id="Compos.C3.A9s_chimiques"></span>Composés chimiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Composés chimiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Composés chimiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioxyde de rhodium">dioxyde de rhodium</a> RhO<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> et le <a href="/wiki/Sesquioxyde_de_rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesquioxyde de rhodium">sesquioxyde de rhodium</a> Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> sont les principaux oxydes stables connus. </p><p>Il existe ainsi différents fluorures avec le Rh de valence III à VI, comme le <a href="/wiki/Fluorure_de_rhodium(III)" title="Fluorure de rhodium(III)">RhF<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>, RhF<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, RhF<sub>5</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, RhF<sub>6</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, ce qui rappelle les composés analogues de <a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium">Ru</a>. </p><p>Il n'existe principalement que le <a href="/wiki/Trichlorure_de_rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichlorure de rhodium">trichlorure de rhodium</a> RhCl<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, le <a href="/wiki/Tribromure_de_rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribromure de rhodium">tribromure de rhodium</a> RhBr<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> et le <a href="/wiki/Triodure_de_rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Triodure de rhodium">triodure de rhodium</a> RhI<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rhodium(III)_chloride.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Rhodium%28III%29_chloride.jpg/220px-Rhodium%28III%29_chloride.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Rhodium%28III%29_chloride.jpg/330px-Rhodium%28III%29_chloride.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Rhodium%28III%29_chloride.jpg/440px-Rhodium%28III%29_chloride.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trichlorure_de_rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichlorure de rhodium">Trichlorure de rhodium</a> rouge.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il y a également le <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_de_rhodium(III)" title="Nitrate de rhodium(III)">nitrate de rhodium</a> Rh(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> et le <a href="/wiki/Sulfate_de_rhodium(III)" title="Sulfate de rhodium(III)">sulfate de rhodium</a> Rh<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. </p><p>Il existe divers sulfures, tels que RhS<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, Rh<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> ou Rh<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, ainsi que les séléniures et tellurures simples RhSe<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> et RhTe<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rhodium(II)_acetate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rhodium%28II%29_acetate.jpg/250px-Rhodium%28II%29_acetate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rhodium%28II%29_acetate.jpg/330px-Rhodium%28II%29_acetate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rhodium%28II%29_acetate.jpg/500px-Rhodium%28II%29_acetate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Dimère d’acétate de rhodium, un corps composé verdâtre.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il forme des complexes, par exemple avec le <a href="/wiki/Monoxyde_de_carbone" title="Monoxyde de carbone">monoxyde de carbone</a> (différents carbonyles, par exemple <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9trarhodium_dod%C3%A9cacarbonyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tétrarhodium dodécacarbonyle">tétrarhodium dodécacarbonyle</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Hexarhodium_hexad%C3%A9cacarbonyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexarhodium hexadécacarbonyle">hexarhodium hexadécacarbonyle</a>, voire chloro-carbonyle ou <a href="/wiki/Carbonyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonyle">carbonyle</a> avec l’ion chlorure de type <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichlorure_de_dirhodium_t%C3%A9tracarbonyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlorure de dirhodium tétracarbonyle (page inexistante)">dichlorure de dirhodium tétracarbonyle</a>), avec diverses oléfines ou cycle de bonne conformation (<a href="/wiki/Rhodoc%C3%A8ne" title="Rhodocène">rhodocène</a>…) avec l’<a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%A9tylac%C3%A9tone" title="Acétylacétone">acétylacétone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisations">Utilisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Utilisations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Catalyseurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyseurs">catalyseurs</a> utilisés dans les véhicules automobiles à essence contiennent souvent un alliage de platine, de palladium et de rhodium sur un support en céramique (80 % de la production totale). Plus généralement, il est utilisé comme <a href="/wiki/Catalyseur" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyseur">catalyseur</a> dans l’industrie chimique et comme élément chauffant pour les très hautes températures (il fond à <span title="1 963,85 °C ou 3 566,93 °F" style="cursor:help">2 237</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr>, soit <span title="3 566,9 °F ou 2 237 K">1 963,85 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>, <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le 17 mai 2017)." style="cursor:help;">voire plus</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup>). </p><p>En chimie, le rhodium est présent dans un grand nombre de catalyseurs. En phase homogène, il catalyse en particulier l'<a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A9nation" title="Hydrogénation">hydrogénation</a>, et notamment l'<a href="/wiki/Hydroformylation" title="Hydroformylation">hydroformylation</a> des <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A8ne" title="Alcène">alcènes</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:RhCatalystAnimation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RhCatalystAnimation.gif/250px-RhCatalystAnimation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RhCatalystAnimation.gif/330px-RhCatalystAnimation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/RhCatalystAnimation.gif 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Catalyseur au rhodium (Rh entouré de <a href="/wiki/Triph%C3%A9nylphosphine" title="Triphénylphosphine">triphénylphosphine</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfone" title="Sulfone">sulfonée</a> utilisée comme ligand) employé pour les procédés d’<a href="/wiki/Hydroformylation" title="Hydroformylation">hydroformylation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le rhodium est employé : </p> <ul><li>pour les contacts électriques : en métal recouvert d'une très mince couche de rhodium (ou d'alliage de Rh) ;</li> <li>dans plusieurs appareillages scientifiques, par exemple les pyromètres de précision ou les thermocouples ;</li> <li>dans certains <a href="/wiki/Tube_%C3%A0_rayons_X" title="Tube à rayons X">tubes à rayons X</a>, sur leurs <a href="/wiki/Anode" title="Anode">anodes</a>, notamment dans le domaine de la <a href="/wiki/Spectrom%C3%A9trie_de_fluorescence_des_rayons_X" title="Spectrométrie de fluorescence des rayons X">spectrométrie de fluorescence des rayons X</a> ;</li> <li>pour certains revêtements de miroir à grande réflectivité. Tirant profit de sa <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9verb%C3%A9ration" class="mw-disambig" title="Réverbération">réverbération</a> excellente<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et sa grande <a href="/wiki/Duret%C3%A9_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Dureté (matériau)">dureté</a>, on l’applique sur les miroirs des projecteurs. Il est ainsi présent sur les projecteurs de cinéma et sur les miroirs astronomiques ;</li> <li>pour des articles d’argenterie en couches brillante-sombre et dure et des pièces d’appareils photographiques (avant l’ère du numérique). Du fait de son inertie chimique bien supérieure à celle de l’argent ou de l’or, il est toujours utilisé sous forme de fins plaquages en joaillerie et bijouterie. Il est toujours utilisé dans l’électrogalvanisation de l'argenterie, ce qui <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le 17 mai 2017)." style="cursor:help;">évite le ternissement de l’argent non protégé</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup> ;</li></ul> <ul><li>exceptionnellement, dans l’industrie de la musique, remise d'un «disque de rhodium» en 1979 à l'artiste <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> ;</li> <li><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le 17 mai 2017)." style="cursor:help;">en orthodontie, en partie sur certains braquets de type céramique</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup>, afin d’avoir un coefficient de friction faible (plus faible que la céramique) tout en conservant un brillant métallique limité. En effet, ce métal a la faculté, avec un certain traitement, de limiter son éclat (apparence mate). Il s’agit du rhodium noir ou <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">black rhodium</span></i> connu en joaillerie.<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le 17 mai 2017) ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Ses alliages avec le platine et le palladium servent aussi pour l’outillage ou l’équipement de laboratoire (creusets), mais aussi en bijouterie (pièces de supports), également comme catalyseurs variés (<a href="/wiki/Convertisseur_catalytique" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertisseur catalytique">convertisseurs catalytiques</a> automobile), comme bougie de moteurs d’avion, comme électrodes, comme contacts électriques… </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicité"><span id="Toxicit.C3.A9"></span>Toxicité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Toxicité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Toxicité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comme pour tous les métaux du groupe du platine, la plupart des composés du rhodium sont reconnus toxiques, écotoxiques et potentiellement <a href="/wiki/Carcinog%C3%A8ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinogène">carcinogènes</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lors du test classique de la daphnie (sur <i><a href="/wiki/Daphnia_magna" title="Daphnia magna">Daphnia magna</a></i>) le rhodium se montre cependant nettement moins toxique que le <a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">platine</a>, lui-même moins toxique que le <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> (la <a href="/wiki/LC50" class="mw-redirect" title="LC50">LC50</a> (48 h) est de 14 μg/L pour le palladium, 157 μg/L pour le platine et 56800 μg/L pour le rhodium (et dans les trois cas la durée d'exposition a un effet aggravant)<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmermann2017_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmermann2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ces trois métaux sont dispersés dans l'environnement (perdus par les <a href="/wiki/Pots_catalytiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Pots catalytiques">pots catalytiques</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et retrouvés dans les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotopes_aquatiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biotopes aquatiques (page inexistante)">biotopes aquatiques</a> où ils s'accumulent notamment dans les sédiments des mares, lacs et cours d'eau)<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmermann2017_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmermann2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Le nématode <i><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">Caenorhabditis elegans</a></i> a aussi été utilisé comme espèce-modèle (mais avec aussi une étude des effets (en 96 h) sur la croissance, la fertilité et la reproduction). Ce travail a confirmé la différence de toxicité des 3 métaux du groupe du platine selon le schéma Pd > Pt ⪢ Rh (évoqués plus haut)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br />Les prospectivistes s'attendent à une large diffusion de nanoproduits au <a href="/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, dont des <a href="/wiki/Nanoparticule" title="Nanoparticule">nanoparticules</a> métalliques "nobles" facile à synthétiser et présentant des propriétés catalytique, de fonctionnalisation de surface et optoélectroniques intéressantes pour l'Industrie<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ces métaux se dispersent notamment dans l'air<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il est donc probable que les êtres vivants (notamment) soient de plus en plus confrontés à l'inhalation ou à l'ingestion de nanoparticules d'argent, d'or, de platine, de palladium et de rhodium. De nombreuses études ont mis en évidence des effets toxicologiques préoccupants pour ces métaux quand ils sont sous forme de nanoparticules ou dissoute, dont <i>in vitro</i> sur des lignées cellulaires humaines<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta2017_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il est probable que les organismes filtreurs (<a href="/wiki/Moule_(mollusque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moule (mollusque)">moules</a> par exemple y seront les premiers exposés, avec des risques de <a href="/wiki/Bioconcentration" title="Bioconcentration">bioconcentration</a> du rhodium (conjointement à d'autres métaux toxiques ou catalytiques avec lesquels il pourrait agir en synergie)<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmermann2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmermann2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En 2017, divers écotoxicologues suggèrent de travailler non pas sur le rhodium seul, mais sur les autres métaux du groupe du platine qui émanent avec lui de la <a href="/wiki/Pollution_automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollution automobile">pollution automobile</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zimmermann2018_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmermann2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>On sait par l'étude des <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allergies_professionnelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allergies professionnelles (page inexistante)">allergies professionnelles</a> (et par quelques études <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) que la plupart des composés du rhodium agressent et teignent durablement la <a href="/wiki/Peau_humaine" title="Peau humaine">peau humaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (surtout en présence de <a href="/wiki/Blessure" title="Blessure">blessures</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ou de <a href="/wiki/Sueur" title="Sueur">sueur</a> et d'un <a href="/wiki/PH" class="mw-redirect" title="PH">pH</a> acide<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), en s’y fixant et amenant parfois localement des <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9crose" title="Nécrose">nécroses</a>. C'est aussi un irritant des muqueuses (nasale notamment<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Ce n’est pas le cas du corps simple métal dans sa forme massive mais sous forme dissoute, de poudre fine ou en aérosols et plus encore sous forme de nanoparticule, c'est un métal dangereux. <br />De plus, ces particules divisées peuvent générer des explosions en présence d’oxydants (dispersion dans l’air, l’oxygène, les gaz halogènes… en proportion adéquate avec une ignition initiale ou le contact d’un point chaud). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Évolution_du_cours_et_commerce_en_France"><span id=".C3.89volution_du_cours_et_commerce_en_France"></span>Évolution du cours et commerce en France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Évolution du cours et commerce en France" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Évolution du cours et commerce en France"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rhodium_prices.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rhodium_prices.png/220px-Rhodium_prices.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rhodium_prices.png/330px-Rhodium_prices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rhodium_prices.png/440px-Rhodium_prices.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Cours du rhodium</figcaption></figure><p>Selon le cabinet <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Bullion Desk</span></i>, ce métal valait 9 900 dollars l’<a href="/wiki/Once_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Once Troy">once Troy</a> (31,103 5 grammes) en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-05" data-sort-value="2008-05">mai 2008</time>, soit 300 000 dollars le kilogramme. Il valait dix fois moins en 2004. En <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-11" data-sort-value="2008-11">novembre 2008</time>, son prix avait reculé à 1 600 dollars l’once puis regrimpé à 2 600 dollars en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-01" data-sort-value="2010-01">janvier 2010</time>. La demande est soutenue par la forte croissance du marché automobile, en raison de la nécessité de ce produit dans le respect de normes environnementales (les métaux du groupe du platine sont presque indispensables aux <a href="/wiki/Convertisseur_catalytique" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertisseur catalytique">convertisseurs catalytiques</a> des pots d’échappement de l’industrie automobile, responsable de 90 % de la consommation mondiale). Selon le type de motorisation et de carburant, des quantités diverses de ces métaux du groupe du platine seront utilisées, en particulier le platine, le palladium et le rhodium. Qui plus est, ceux-ci aident à la filtration des rejets automobiles. Or il est admis que la voiture est un marché mondial en expansion. Il nous faudra donc de plus en plus de métaux du groupe platine, dont le rhodium fait partie<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En 2021, son prix oscille entre 12 350 dollars et 29 800 dollars l'once<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Miniature_golf_equipment.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Miniature_golf_equipment.JPG/220px-Miniature_golf_equipment.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Miniature_golf_equipment.JPG/330px-Miniature_golf_equipment.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Miniature_golf_equipment.JPG/440px-Miniature_golf_equipment.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="3770" /></a><figcaption>Miniature à base de cuivre recouvert ou plaqué de Rh noir de l’équipement de golf. Hauteur 55 <abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr>. Pièce réalisé par un joaillier-argentier brésilien.</figcaption></figure> <p>D’après les douanes françaises, la France était en 2014 une importatrice nette de rhodium. Le prix moyen au gramme à l’import était de 23 <abbr class="abbr" title="Euro(s)">€</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lide2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_R._Lide2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David R. Lide, <cite class="italique" lang="en">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, CRC Press Inc, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-dixième">90<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 2804 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, Relié <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-420-09084-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-420-09084-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-420-09084-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.pub=CRC+Press+Inc&rft.edition=90&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=2804&rft.isbn=978-1-420-09084-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARhodium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beatriz_Cordero,_Verónica_Gómez,_Ana_E._Platero-Prats,_Marc_Revés,_Jorge_Echeverría,_Eduard_Cremades,_Flavia_Barragán_et_Santiago_Alvarez2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Beatriz Cordero, Verónica Gómez, Ana E. Platero-Prats, Marc Revés, Jorge Echeverría, Eduard Cremades, Flavia Barragán et Santiago Alvarez</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Covalent radii revisited</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Dalton Transactions</span></i>,‎ <time>2008</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">2832 - 2838</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b801115j">10.1039/b801115j</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Covalent+radii+revisited&rft.jtitle=Dalton+Transactions&rft.aulast=Beatriz+Cordero%2C+Ver%C3%B3nica+G%C3%B3mez%2C+Ana+E.+Platero-Prats%2C+Marc+Rev%C3%A9s%2C+Jorge+Echeverr%C3%ADa%2C+Eduard+Cremades%2C+Flavia+Barrag%C3%A1n+et+Santiago+Alvarez&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=2832+-+2838&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb801115j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARhodium"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lide2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_R._Lide2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David R. Lide, <cite class="italique" lang="en">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, CRC, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-neuvième">89<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">10-203</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.pub=CRC&rft.edition=89&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=10-203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARhodium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Base de données Chemical Abstracts interrogée via SciFinder Web le 15 décembre 2009 (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SciFinder_elements_Thulium-Unquadquadium.pdf">résultats de la recherche</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sa_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?lang=en&N4=204218%7CALDRICH&N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO%7CBRAND_KEY&F=SPEC">SIGMA-ALDRICH</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reptox-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Reptox_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reptox.csst.qc.ca/DetailSimdut.asp?no_produit=9399&langue=F">Rhodium</a> » dans la base de données de produits chimiques <i>Reptox</i> de la <a href="/wiki/Commission_de_la_sant%C3%A9_et_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_du_travail" title="Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail">CSST</a> (organisme québécois responsable de la sécurité et de la santé au travail), consulté le 25 avril 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Il s’agit de la suite du traitement chimique des restes obtenus après l’attaque par l’<a href="/wiki/Eau_r%C3%A9gale" title="Eau régale">eau régale</a> de la mine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platine_brute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platine brute (page inexistante)">platine brute</a>. Lire les généralités historiques sur les éléments « osmium » et « iridium ».</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Arblaster2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_W._Arblaster2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John W. <span class="nom_auteur">Arblaster</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes : The thirty-eight known rhodium isotopes found between 1934 and 2010</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Matthey_Technology_Review" title="Johnson Matthey Technology Review">Platinum Metals Review</a></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 55,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-04-02" data-sort-value="2011-04-02">2 avril 2011</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">124-134</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106711X555656">10.1595/147106711X555656</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Discoverers+of+the+Rhodium+Isotopes&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.stitle=The+thirty-eight+known+rhodium+isotopes+found+between+1934+and+2010&rft.aulast=Arblaster&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=124-134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARhodium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Garreau2023"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marion_Garreau2023">Marion Garreau, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/ruthenium-rhodium-palladium-comment-le-cea-veut-recycler-les-produits-issus-de-la-fission-nucleaire.N2186373"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Ruthénium, rhodium, palladium... Comment le CEA veut recycler les produits issus de la fission nucléaire</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">L'Usine Nouvelle</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-10-25" data-sort-value="2023-10-25">25 octobre 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-12-12" data-sort-value="2023-12-12">12 décembre 2023</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Nicholas Arndt, Clément Ganino, Stephen Kesler,"Ressources minérales - Cours et exercices corrigés", 2e éd., 2015, page 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">« All rhodium compounds must be considered as very toxic and as carcinogenic factors »</span> (Goering, 1992, cité par FS Abbas, 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmermann2017-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmermann2017_12-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Zimmermann2017_12-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Zimmermann S, Wolff C & Sures B (2017) <i>Toxicity of platinum, palladium and rhodium to Daphnia magna in single and binary metal exposure experiments</i>. Environmental Pollution, 224, 368-376 |<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116326550">résumé</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Merget, R, Rosner, G (2001) <i>Evaluation of the health risk of platinum group metals emitted from automotive catalytic converters</i>. Science of the Total Environment 270: 165–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Palacios, MA, Gómez, M, Moldovan, M. (2000) <i>Assessment of environmental contamination risk by Pt, Rh and Pd from automobile catalyst</i>. Microchemical Journal 67: 105–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Schertzinger, G., Zimmermann, S., Grabner, D., & Sures, B. (2017). Assessment of sublethal endpoints after chronic exposure of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to palladium, platinum and rhodium. Environmental Pollution, 230, 31-39|<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026974911632680X">résumé</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gupta2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gupta2017_16-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Gupta2017_16-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Gupta I, Ingle A, Paralikar P, Pandit R, da Silva S.S, & Rai M (2017). <i>Bio-distribution and Toxicity of Noble Metal Nanoparticles in Humans</i>. In Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma (pp. 469-482). Springer, Cham.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Wiseman, CLS, Zereini, F (2009) <i>Airborne particulate matter, platinum group elements and human health: a review of recent evidence</i>. Science of the Total Environment 407: 2493–2500.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmermann2018-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmermann2018_18-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Zimmermann2018_18-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Zimmermann, S., & Sures, B. (2018). <i>Lessons learned from studies with the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha exposed to platinum, palladium and rhodium</i>. Science of The Total Environment, 615, 1396-1405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Franken, A, Eloff, FC, Du Plessis, J. (2014) <i>In vitro permeation of platinum and rhodium through Caucasian skin</i>. Toxicology In vitro 28: 1396–1401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Franken, A, Eloff, FC, Du Plessis, J. (2015) <i>In vitro permeation of platinum through African and Caucasian skin.</i> Toxicology Letters 232: 566–572.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bedello, PG, Goitre, M, Roncarolo, S (1987) <i>Contact dermatitis to rhodium.</i> Contact Dermatitis 17: 111–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">De La Cuadra, J, Grau-Massanés, M (1991) Occupational contact dermatitis from rhodium and cobalt. Contact Dermatitis 25: 182–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Goossens, A, Cattaert, N, Nemery, B. (2011) <i>Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by rhodium solutions</i>. Contact Dermatitis 64: 158–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Mauro, M, Crosera, M, Bianco, C. (2015) <i>Permeation of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles through intact and damaged human skin</i>. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17: 253–264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Jansen Van Rensburg, S., Franken, A., Du Plessis, J., & Du Plessis, J. L. (2017). <i>The influence of pH on the in vitro permeation of rhodium through human skin</i>. Toxicology and industrial health, 33(6), 487-494 | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0748233716675218">résumé</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Abbas F.S (2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ijsrset.com/paper/2786.pdf"><i>Rhodium Removal from Wastewater FS</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gentilhomme2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emmanuel_Gentilhomme2007">Emmanuel <span class="nom_auteur">Gentilhomme</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-chronique-agora.com/articles/20071220-524.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le rhodium, ce petit métal qui monte, qui monte</cite></a> », AGORA, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-12-20" data-sort-value="2007-12-20">20 décembre 2007</time></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/rhodium"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Rhodium - 2022 Data - 2012-2021 Historical - 2023 Forecast - Price - Quote - Chart</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">tradingeconomics.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-06-09" data-sort-value="2022-06-09">9 juin 2022</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2017">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lekiosque.finances.gouv.fr/LEO/frame_LEO.asp"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Indicateur des échanges import/export</cite></a> », Direction générale des douanes, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-03" data-sort-value="2017-03">mars 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05-17" data-sort-value="2017-05-17">17 mai 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rhodium?uselang=fr">Rhodium</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/rhodium" class="extiw" title="wikt:rhodium">rhodium</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/68px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/90px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:60px;">Une <a href="/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie" title="Aide:Catégorie">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet : <i><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Rhodium" title="Catégorie:Rhodium">Rhodium</a></i>.</div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-width:20em;column-count:3;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalyseur" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyseur">catalyseur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Catalyse_h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne" title="Catalyse hétérogène">catalyse hétérogène</a></li> <li>catalyseur en <a href="/wiki/Catalyse_homog%C3%A8ne" title="Catalyse homogène">catalyse homogène</a></li> <li>catalyseur d'<a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A9nation" title="Hydrogénation">hydrogénation</a> et de déshydrogénation</li> <li>catalyseur des procédés oxo ou d'<a href="/wiki/Hydroformylation" title="Hydroformylation">hydroformylation</a></li> <li>catalyseur de <a href="/wiki/Carbonylation" title="Carbonylation">carbonylation</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9action_d%27insertion" title="Réaction d'insertion">réaction d'insertion</a> et <a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Monsanto" title="Procédé Monsanto">procédé Monsanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalyseur_de_Wilkinson" title="Catalyseur de Wilkinson">Catalyseur de Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_de_la_p%C3%A9riode_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Éléments de la période 5">Éléments de la période 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_du_bloc_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Éléments du bloc d">Éléments du bloc d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_du_groupe_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Éléments du groupe 9">Éléments du groupe 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_du_rhodium" title="Isotopes du rhodium">Isotopes du rhodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métal de transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_noble" title="Métal noble">Métal noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pr%C3%A9cieux" title="Métal précieux">Métal précieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9taux_du_groupe_du_platine" class="mw-redirect" title="Métaux du groupe du platine">Métaux du groupe du platine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_blanc" title="Or blanc">Or blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_catalytique" title="Pot catalytique">Pot catalytique</a> (catalyse hétérogène)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Andrussow" title="Procédé Andrussow">Procédé Andrussow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9action_de_couplage" title="Réaction de couplage">Réaction de couplage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9arrangement_de_Bamberger" title="Réarrangement de Bamberger">Réarrangement de Bamberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodoc%C3%A8ne" title="Rhodocène">Rhodocène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium_natif" title="Rhodium natif">Rhodium natif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichlorure_de_rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichlorure de rhodium">Trichlorure de rhodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium-rhodium-germanium" title="Uranium-rhodium-germanium">Uranium-rhodium-germanium</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la santé<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012238"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Medical Subject Headings</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/rhodium"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//rhodium/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/rhodium"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/rodio"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/rhodium/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12218903f">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12218903f">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85113755">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4178038-3">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569786">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536337205171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph202578">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000307942">Lettonie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.societechimiquedefrance.fr/produit-du-jour/rhodium.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Rhodium présenté par la SCF</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Chimique_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Chimique de France">Société Chimique de France</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05-17" data-sort-value="2017-05-17">17 mai 2017</time>)</small></span>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/rhodium"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Vocabulaire du rhodium sur le TLF</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05-17" data-sort-value="2017-05-17">17 mai 2017</time>)</small></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Buhalis"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonathan_Buhalis"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jonathan <span class="nom_auteur">Buhalis</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empirestateventures.com/rhodium.shtml"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Rh sur le site Metal&Minerals</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05-17" data-sort-value="2017-05-17">17 mai 2017</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/rh.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Rhodium (Rh) — Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects</cite></a> » [« Présentation de l'élément, du corps simple et initiation à sa toxicité »], <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a>, Lenntech B.V. <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05-17" data-sort-value="2017-05-17">17 mai 2017</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wolfram_Research_inc.2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Wolfram Research inc., « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodictable.com/Elements/045/data.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Technical data for Rhodium</cite></a> », Avec en sous-pages les données connues pour chaque isotope., sur <span class="italique">www.periodictable.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-02-24" data-sort-value="2010-02-24">24 février 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-05-17" data-sort-value="2016-05-17">17 mai 2016</time>)</small></span></li></ul> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><p><br /> </p><table style="padding:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td width="10">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_10_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 10 du tableau périodique">10</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique">11</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_12_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 12 du tableau périodique">12</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_13_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 13 du tableau périodique">13</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique">14</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène">15</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Chalcog%C3%A8ne" title="Chalcogène">16</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_17_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 17 du tableau périodique">17</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_18_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 18 du tableau périodique">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 1 du tableau périodique">1</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"> H </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="30">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"> He </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 2 du tableau périodique">2</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"> Li </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium"> Be </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore"> B </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone"> C </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote"> N </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène"> O </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"> F </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"> Ne </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"> Na </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium"> Mg </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"> Al </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"> Si </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore"> P </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre"> S </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore"> Cl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"> Ar </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 4 du tableau périodique">4</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"> K </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"> Ca </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"> Sc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane"> Ti </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"> V </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome"> Cr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse"> Mn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer"> Fe </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"> Co </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"> Ni </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre"> Cu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"> Zn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"> Ga </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"> Ge </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"> As </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium"> Se </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome"> Br </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"> Kr </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"> Rb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"> Sr </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"> Y </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"> Zr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"> Nb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène"> Mo </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium"> Tc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium"> Ru </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:2px solid dimgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Rh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"> Pd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent"> Ag </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"> Cd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"> In </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain"> Sn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine"> Sb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure"> Te </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode"> I </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon"> Xe </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium"> Cs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum"> Ba </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane"> La </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium"> Ce </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme"> Pr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme"> Nd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium"> Pm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"> Sm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"> Eu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"> Gd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"> Tb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"> Dy </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"> Ho </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"> Er </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"> Tm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"> Yb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium"> Lu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"> Hf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)"> Ta </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène"> W </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium"> Re </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"> Os </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"> Ir </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine"> Pt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or"> Au </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)"> Hg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"> Tl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb"> Pb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"> Bi </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"> Po </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate"> At </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"> Rn </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 7 du tableau périodique">7</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"> Fr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"> Ra </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"> Ac </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"> Th </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"> Pa </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"> U </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"> Np </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"> Pu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium"> Am </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"> Cm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium"> Bk </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"> Cf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"> Es </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"> Fm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium"> Md </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium"> No </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"> Lr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"> Rf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"> Db </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"> Sg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"> Bh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"> Hs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium"> Mt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"> Ds </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"> Rg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"> Cn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"> Nh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium"> Fl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"> Mc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"> Lv </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse"> Ts </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"> Og </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 8 du tableau périodique">8</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium"> 119 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium"> 120 </a> </td> <td>* </td> <td colspan="22">  </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td>* </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium"> 121 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium"> 122 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium"> 123 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium"> 124 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium"> 125 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium"> 126 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium"> 127 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium"> 128 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium"> 129 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium"> 130 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium"> 131 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium"> 132 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium"> 133 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium"> 134 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium"> 135 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium"> 136 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium"> 137 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium"> 138 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium"> 139 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium"> 140 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium"> 141 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium"> 142 </a> </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table border="0" cellpadding="1" style="margin:2px auto;font-size:85%;line-heignt:normal;background:none;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin">Métaux alcalins</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métaux alcalino-terreux</a> </td> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:72px;text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métaux de transition</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pauvre" title="Métal pauvre">Métaux pauvres</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallo%C3%AFde" title="Métalloïde">Métalloïdes</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Non-m%C3%A9tal" title="Non-métal">Non-métaux</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène">Halogènes</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">Gaz nobles</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F7F8FF">Éléments non classés </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px dashed #AAA;background-color:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Superactinide" title="Superactinide">Superactinides</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie" title="Modèle:Palette Pierres et métaux de joaillerie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Pierres et métaux de <a href="/wiki/Joaillerie" title="Joaillerie">joaillerie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pr%C3%A9cieux" title="Métal précieux">Métaux précieux</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Platine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhodium</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage">Alliages</a> de métaux précieux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Or#Alliages" title="Or">Alliages aurifères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_blanc" title="Or blanc">Or blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_Britannia" title="Argent Britannia">Argent Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_sterling" title="Argent sterling">Argent sterling </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billon_(alliage)" title="Billon (alliage)">Billon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrum" title="Électrum">Électrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeil" title="Vermeil">Vermeil</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;">Métaux et alliages</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acier_inoxydable" title="Acier inoxydable">Acier inoxydable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airain" title="Airain">Airain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliage_plomb-%C3%A9tain" title="Alliage plomb-étain">Alliage plomb-étain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiton" title="Laiton">Laiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillechort" title="Maillechort">Maillechort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alliage)" title="Pinchbeck (alliage)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)">Tantale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Titane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">Tungstène</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_pr%C3%A9cieuse" title="Pierre précieuse">Pierres précieuses</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubis" title="Rubis">Rubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89meraude" title="Émeraude">Émeraude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saphir" title="Saphir">Saphir</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Pierres fines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinote_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Actinote (minéral)">Actinote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigue-marine" title="Aigue-marine">Aigue-marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrite" title="Alexandrite">Alexandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblygonite" title="Amblygonite">Amblygonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9thyste" title="Améthyste">Améthyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatase" title="Anatase">Anatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Andradite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9site" title="Anglésite">Anglésite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">Apatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinite" title="Axinite">Axinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barytine" title="Barytine">Barytine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nito%C3%AFte" title="Bénitoïte">Bénitoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilianite" title="Brazilianite">Brazilianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancrinite" title="Cancrinite">Cancrinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charo%C3%AFte" title="Charoïte">Charoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolle" title="Chrysocolle">Chrysocolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine" title="Citrine">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinozo%C3%AFsite" title="Clinozoïsite">Clinozoïsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordi%C3%A9rite" title="Cordiérite">Cordiérite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaline" title="Cornaline">Cornaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral)">Cristal de roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danburite" title="Danburite">Danburite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Démantoïde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disth%C3%A8ne" title="Disthène">Disthène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elba%C3%AFte" title="Elbaïte">Elbaïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pidote" title="Épidote">Épidote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosh%C3%A9nite" title="Goshénite">Goshénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenat" title="Grenat">Grenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%BCyne" title="Haüyne">Haüyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liodore_(b%C3%A9ryl)" title="Héliodore (béryl)">Héliodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9matite" title="Hématite">Hématite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Hiddénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe">Jaspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Kunzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis-lazuli" title="Lapis-lazuli">Lapis-lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Mélanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcline" title="Microcline">Microcline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morganite" title="Morganite">Morganite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92il-de-tigre" title="Œil-de-tigre">Œil-de-tigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoclase" title="Oligoclase">Oligoclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Onyx (minéral)">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opale" title="Opale">Opale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painite" title="Painite">Painite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riclase" title="Périclase">Périclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ridot" title="Péridot">Péridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_lune" title="Pierre de lune">Pierre de lune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liolite" title="Héliolite">Pierre de soleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehnite" title="Prehnite">Prehnite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_rose" title="Quartz rose">Quartz rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_fum%C3%A9" title="Quartz fumé">Quartz fumé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">Rutile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">Scheelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Serpentine (minéral)">Serpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">Spessartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinelle" title="Spinelle">Spinelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Spodumène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurolite" title="Staurolite">Staurolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9molite" title="Trémolite">Trémolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaze_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Topaze (minéral)">Topaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Turquoise (minéral)">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvarovite" title="Uvarovite">Uvarovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Gemmes</a> organiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre">Ambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corail_rouge" title="Corail rouge">Corail rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jais" title="Jais">Jais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellite_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Mellite (minéral)">Mellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perle" title="Perle">Perle</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9tallurgie" title="Portail de la métallurgie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Circle-icons-metallurgy-logo.svg/24px-Circle-icons-metallurgy-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Circle-icons-metallurgy-logo.svg/36px-Circle-icons-metallurgy-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Circle-icons-metallurgy-logo.svg/48px-Circle-icons-metallurgy-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9tallurgie" title="Portail:Métallurgie">Portail de la métallurgie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Min%C3%A9raux_et_roches" title="Portail des minéraux et roches"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/17px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/25px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/34px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="422" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Min%C3%A9raux_et_roches" title="Portail:Minéraux et roches">Portail des minéraux et roches</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail de la chimie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/36px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, 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