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class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Desenvolvimento da Regra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desenvolvimento_da_Regra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Obras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikolai Alexandrovitch Kudryavtsev</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 8 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81" title="نيكولاي كودريافتسيف — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولاي كودريافتسيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81_(%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%87)" title="نيكولاى كودريافتسيف (جيولوجى البترول من جمهوريه روسيا الاتحاديه الاشتراكيه السوفيتيه) — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولاى كودريافتسيف (جيولوجى البترول من جمهوريه روسيا الاتحاديه الاشتراكيه السوفيتيه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Alexandrowitsch_Kudrjawzew" title="Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Kudrjawzew — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Kudrjawzew" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Kudryavtsev" title="Nikolai Kudryavtsev — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nikolai Kudryavtsev" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol%C3%A1i_Kudri%C3%A1vtsev" title="Nikolái Kudriávtsev — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nikolái Kudriávtsev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Koudriavtsev" title="Nikolaï Koudriavtsev — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nikolaï Koudriavtsev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кудрявцев, Николай Александрович — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кудрявцев, Николай Александрович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Николај Кудрјавцев — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Николај Кудрјавцев" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q94289#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Sem_fontes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/40px-Question_book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/60px-Question_book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/80px-Question_book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo <b>não cita <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">fontes confiáveis</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">inserir referências</a>. Conteúdo não <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">verificável</a> pode ser removido.—<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Nikolai+Alexandrovitch+Kudryavtsev">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Nikolai+Alexandrovitch+Kudryavtsev&oq=Nikolai+Alexandrovitch+Kudryavtsev">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Nikolai+Alexandrovitch+Kudryavtsev">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Nikolai+Alexandrovitch+Kudryavtsev">A</a>)</span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Setembro de 2021</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nikolai Alexandrovich Kudryavtsev</b> (Николай Александрович Кудрявцев) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Opochka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opochka (página não existe)">Opochka</a>, <a href="/wiki/21_de_Outubro" class="mw-redirect" title="21 de Outubro">21 de Outubro</a>, <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> - <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Petersburgo" title="São Petersburgo">Leningrado</a>, <a href="/wiki/12_de_Dezembro" class="mw-redirect" title="12 de Dezembro">12 de Dezembro</a>, <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>) foi um <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B3logo" title="Geólogo">geólogo</a> de <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo">petróleo</a> da <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>. Ele é fundador e pai da Moderna <a href="/wiki/Origem_inorg%C3%A2nica_do_petr%C3%B3leo" class="mw-redirect" title="Origem inorgânica do petróleo">Teoria da Origem Abiótica do Petróleo</a>, a qual estabelece que o petróleo é formado por fontes não biológicas, situadas nas profundezas da <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">terra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manto" title="Manto">manto</a>). </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Nikolai Alexandrovitch Kudryavtsev</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Kudryavtsev.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nikolai Alexandrovitch Kudryavtsev"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kudryavtsev.jpg/200px-Kudryavtsev.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kudryavtsev.jpg/300px-Kudryavtsev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kudryavtsev.jpg/400px-Kudryavtsev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1958" /></a><figcaption>Nikolai Alexandrovitch Kudryavtsev</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">9 de outubro de 1893<br /><span class="birthplace">Opochka (<a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Russo" title="Império Russo">Império Russo</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">12 de dezembro de 1971<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Petersburgo" title="São Petersburgo">São Petersburgo</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Sepultamento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Cemitério de Serafimovskoe </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Russo" title="Império Russo">Império Russo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Russa" title="República Russa">República Russa</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia_bolchevique" title="Rússia bolchevique">Rússia bolchevique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="União Soviética">União Soviética</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Saint Petersburg Mining University</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">geólogo de petróleo, <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B3logo" title="Geólogo">geólogo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordem_da_Ins%C3%ADgnia_de_Honra" title="Ordem da Insígnia de Honra">Ordem da Insígnia de Honra</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Saint Petersburg Mining University, All Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94289" class="extiw" title="d:Q94289">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Ele graduou-se no Instituto de Minas de <a href="/wiki/Leningrado" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrado">Leningrado</a> em <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>, obtendo o título de Doutor em Ciências em <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geologia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia">mineralogia</a> em <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> e tornou-se professor em <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>. Iniciou sua carreira de geólogo em <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>, no Comitê Geológico da ex-<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a>. Ele sofreu repressões <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica" title="Política">políticas</a> durante o regime de <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a>, por seu pensamento não ortodoxo. </p><p>Kudryavtsev conduziu estudos geológicos regionais que resultaram na descoberta de campos comerciais de <a href="/wiki/Gas" class="mw-disambig" title="Gas">gas</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%93leo" title="Óleo">óleo</a> em <a href="/wiki/Grozny" class="mw-redirect" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distrito" title="Distrito">distrito</a> da <a href="/wiki/Chech%C3%AAnia" title="Chechênia">Chechênia</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia" title="Ásia">Ásia</a> Central, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timan-Pechora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timan-Pechora (página não existe)">Timan-Pechora</a> e outras regiões da da ex-União Soviética </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regra_de_Kudryavtsev">Regra de Kudryavtsev</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Regra de Kudryavtsev" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Regra de Kudryavtsev"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Regra de Kudryavtsev</b> estabelece que o petróleo está presente, em grandes ou pequenas quantidades, mas em todos horizontes, aparentemente e totalmente independente das variações das condições da formação desses horizontes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desenvolvimento_da_Regra">Desenvolvimento da Regra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Desenvolvimento da Regra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Desenvolvimento da Regra"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O geólogo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Kudryavtsev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Kudryavtsev (página não existe)">Nikolai Kudryavtsev</a> foi também um proeminente e forte defensor da teoria abiogênica. Ele argumentou que o petróleo não se assemelha em composição química a óleos produzidos por plantas em laboratório sob condições semelhantes aquelas encontradas na natureza. </p><p>Forneceu muitos exemplos de que algumas quantidades comerciais de petróleo também são encontradas no embasamento cristalino ou metamórfico, imediatamente abaixo dos sedimentos que os recobrem. Citou casos em <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Califórnia">Califórnia</a>, oeste da <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marrocos" title="Marrocos">Marrocos</a>. Ele também apontou que os reservatórios de óleo em estratos sedimentares são frequentemente relacionados à fraturas/falhas no embasamento diretamente abaixo. Isso pode ser evidenciado no campo supergigante de <a href="/wiki/Ghawar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghawar">Ghawar</a> na(<a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita" title="Arábia Saudita">Arábia Saudita</a>); em Panhandle Field no <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>), os quais também produzem <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio">hélio</a>; o campo de Tengiz (<a href="/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão">Cazaquistão</a>); White Tiger (<a href="/wiki/Vietname" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietname">Vietnam</a>); e inumeráveis outros exemplos. O campo de Lost Soldier em <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> apresenta diversos reservatórios de óleo desde o embasamento, passando por arenitos cambrianos. Hidrocarbonetos gasosos, notou, não são raros em rochas ígneas e metamórficas do Escudo Canadense. Ocorrências de petróleo em gnaisses pré-cambrianos foram encontrados em poços na costa oeste do <a href="/wiki/Lago_Baikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago Baikal">Lago Baikal</a>, na Rússia. </p><p>Kudryavtsev concluiu que as acumulações comerciais são simplesmente encontradas onde zonas permeáveis são recobertas por zonas impermeáveis. </p><p>Kudryavtsev introduziu um número de relevantes observações para argumentos em favor da <a href="/wiki/Origem_inorg%C3%A2nica_do_petr%C3%B3leo" class="mw-redirect" title="Origem inorgânica do petróleo">origem inorgânica do petróleo</a>: </p> <ul><li>Colunas de chamas tem sido vistas durante erupções de alguns vulcões, algumas vezes atingindo 500 metros de altura, tal como a ocorrida durante a erupção do <a href="/wiki/Monte_Merapi" title="Monte Merapi">Monte Merapi</a>, em <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, em 1932.</li> <li>As erupções dos vulcões de lama têm libertado tamanhas quantidades de metano que mesmo o mais prolífico campo de gas do planeta já teria se exaurido há muito tempo atrás.</li> <li>As quantidades de lama depositadas em alguns casos iriam requerer erupções de muito mais gas do que qualquer campo de gas conhecido.</li> <li>A água presente nos vulcões de lama carrega substâncias como iodo, bromo e boro que não poderiam ser derivadas dos sedimentos locais, e excedem em centenas de vezes as concentrações na água do mar.</li> <li>Vulcões de lama são frequentemente associados com vulcões de lava, e a típica relação é que quando próximos, os vulcões de lama emitem gases incombustíveis, enquanto que quando mais distantes emitem metano.</li> <li>Ele conheceu as ocorrências de óleo nas rochas de embasamento da <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Kola" class="mw-redirect" title="Península de Kola">península de Kola</a>, na Rússia, e as exudações superficiais de óleo junto ao lago de Siljan Ring, na <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9cia" title="Suécia">Suécia</a>, que é uma cratera de impacto. Ele notou, como acima mencionado, que as enormes quantidades de hidrocarbonetos nas areias betuminosas de Athabasca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tar_sands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tar sands (página não existe)">tar sands</a>, no Canadá, deveria requerer uma vasta quantidade de "rochas geradoras" para um ponto de vista ortodoxo, porém nunca essas tais rochas foram encontradas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obras">Obras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obras"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outlook of the West Siberian petroleum potential. Kudryavtsev N.A., Ed. - Moscow and Leningrad, GosGeolIzdat. - 307 p. (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1951. Against the organic hypotesis of oil origin. Oil Economy Jour. [Neftyanoe khoziaystvo], no. 9. - pp. 17–29 (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1955. Recent state of the origin of petroleum problem. <i>In</i>: Discission on the problem of oil origin and migration. - Kiev, Ukrainian SSR Ac. Sci. Publ. - p. 38-89 (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1959. Oil, gas, and solid bitumens in the igneous and metamorphic rocks. VNIGRI Proc. no. 142. - Leningrad, GosTopTechIzdat Publ. - 278 p. (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1963. Deep Faults and Oil Deposits. - Leningrad, GosTopTekhIzdat. – 220 p. (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1964. Factors governing distribution of oil and gas fields in the Earth's crust. <i>In</i>: Petroleum Geology [Geologiya nefti]. Papers of XXII Geological Congress presented by Soviet geologists. - Nedra Press (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1966. On haloid metasomatism. <i>In</i>: Problems of oil origin. Porfiriev V.B., Ed. - Kiev, Naukova Dumka Publ. - pp. 144–173 (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1967. Closing speech. <i>In</i>: Proc. Conference on Distribution regularities and formation conditions for oil and gas fields in the West Siberia Plain. - Moscovo, Nedra Press. - pp. 246–249. (em russo) </p><p>Kudryavtsev N.A., 1973. Genesis of oil and gas. - Leningrado, Nedra Press. - 216 p. (em russo) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origem_inorg%C3%A2nica_do_petr%C3%B3leo" class="mw-redirect" title="Origem inorgânica do petróleo">Origem inorgânica do petróleo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Alexandrovitch_Kudryavtsev&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gasresources.net/Introduction.htm">[1]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051210181837/http://www.vnigri.spb.ru/enindex.html">VNIGRI</a></li></ul> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Geology_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/30px-Geology_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/45px-Geology_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/60px-Geology_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geologia</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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