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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879475">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1135323948">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .skiptotalk,body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .skiptotalk{display:none}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a{display:block;text-align:center;font-style:italic;line-height:1.9}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::before,.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::after{content:"↓";font-size:larger;line-height:1.6;font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::before{float:left}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::after{float:right}</style><a href="#toc">Skip to table of contents</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1230750088">.mw-parser-output .talkheader{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-body{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help{flex:2 1 auto;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#ffffff);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies+.talkheader-policies{border-left:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{flex:0 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts>*{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help ul,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies ul{margin:0.1em 0.8em 0 1.6em;text-align:left}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .talkheader{min-width:80%}}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice talkheader plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="border-collapse: separate;"><tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; font-weight: bold;">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">talk page</a> for discussing improvements to the <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> article.<br/> This is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#FORUM" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">not a forum</a> for general discussion of the article's subject.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="talkheader-body"> <div class="talkheader-help"> <ul><li>Put new text under old text. <strong><a href="/wiki/Special:NewSection/Talk:Technology" title="Special:NewSection/Talk:Technology">Click here to start a new topic.</a></strong></li> <li>New to Wikipedia? Welcome! <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Learn to edit</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">get help</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="talkheader-policies"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Be polite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">avoid personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Be welcoming to newcomers</a></li> <li>Seek <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">dispute resolution</a> if needed</li></ul> </div><div class="talkheader-policies"> <div><b>Article policies</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Technology%22">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Technology%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Technology%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Technology%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Technology%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org">free images</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Technology%22">WP refs</a>) <b>·</b> <span title="Free English newspaper sources" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources">FENS</a></span> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Technology%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> <b>·</b> <span title="The Wikipedia Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Technology%22">TWL</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archives</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Talk:Technology/Archive_index" title="Talk:Technology/Archive index">Index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Technology/Archive_1" title="Talk:Technology/Archive 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Technology/Archive_2" title="Talk:Technology/Archive 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Technology/Archive_3" title="Talk:Technology/Archive 3">3</a><span style="position: relative; top: 2px; float: right; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 1em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Discussions with timestamps are automatically archived by Lowercase sigmabot III after 90 days of inactivity when more than 4 threads are present.">Auto-archiving period</span>: <b>3 months</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page#Automated_archiving" title="Help:Archiving a talk page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0;"><div> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="50" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Talk:Technology/" name="prefix"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search archives" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1135653291">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .article-history{min-width:80%}}</style><table class="article-history tmbox tmbox-notice"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_oppose_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former good article nominee"><img alt="Former good article nominee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Symbol_oppose_vote.svg/50px-Symbol_oppose_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Symbol_oppose_vote.svg/75px-Symbol_oppose_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Symbol_oppose_vote.svg/100px-Symbol_oppose_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>Technology</b> was a <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles/Engineering_and_technology" title="Wikipedia:Good articles/Engineering and technology">Engineering and technology good articles</a></b></i> nominee, but did not meet the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_article_criteria" title="Wikipedia:Good article criteria">good article criteria</a> at the time. There may be suggestions below for improving the article. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_article_nominations" title="Wikipedia:Good article nominations">renominated</a>. Editors may also seek a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_article_reassessment" title="Wikipedia:Good article reassessment">reassessment</a></b> of the decision if they believe there was a mistake.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"><table class="article-history-milestones" style="width:100%;font-size:90%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="font-size:110%">Article milestones</th></tr><tr style="text-align:left"><th>Date</th><th>Process</th><th>Result</th></tr><tr><td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Technology&oldid=381416725">August 28, 2010</a></span></td><td><b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Technology/GA1" title="Talk:Technology/GA1">Good article nominee</a></b></td><td>Not listed</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1243927654">.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg/16px-C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg/24px-C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg/32px-C%C3%ADrculos_Conc%C3%A9ntricos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="215"/></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vital_articles/Level/1" title="Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/1">level-1 vital article</a></b> is rated <b>B-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.<br/>It is of interest to multiple <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProjects</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="banner-shell-inner 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.wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Md_apr2004_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/19px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/29px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/38px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="400"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History">History</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Md_apr2004_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/50px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/75px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/100px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="400"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History">WikiProject History</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of the subject of <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_History" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject History">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">History</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject History</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject History</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">history articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_history_articles" title="Category:Top-importance history articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler-solar-system-2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kepler-solar-system-2.gif/26px-Kepler-solar-system-2.gif" decoding="async" width="26" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kepler-solar-system-2.gif/40px-Kepler-solar-system-2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kepler-solar-system-2.gif/52px-Kepler-solar-system-2.gif 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="274"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History_of_Science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Science">History of Science</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler-solar-system-2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kepler-solar-system-2.gif/80px-Kepler-solar-system-2.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kepler-solar-system-2.gif/120px-Kepler-solar-system-2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kepler-solar-system-2.gif/160px-Kepler-solar-system-2.gif 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="274"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/25px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/37px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/50px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1276"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History_of_science" title="Portal:History of science">History of science portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is part of the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History_of_Science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Science">History of Science WikiProject</a></b>, an attempt to improve and organize the <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_science" title="Category:History of science">history of science</a> content on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, you can edit the article attached to this page, or visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History_of_Science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Science">project page</a>, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_History_of_Science" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject History of Science">discussion</a>. You can also help with the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History_of_Science/Collaboration_of_the_Month" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Science/Collaboration of the Month">History of Science Collaboration of the Month</a></b>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">History of Science</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Science</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject History of Science</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">history of science articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_history_of_science_articles" title="Category:Top-importance history of science articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History_of_Science/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Science/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/33px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/50px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/66px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="76"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology">Sociology</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/80px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/120px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/160px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="76"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology">WikiProject Sociology</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> on Wikipedia. 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If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Engineering" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Engineering">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Engineering</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Engineering</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Engineering</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Engineering articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Engineering_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Engineering articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Engineering/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Engineering/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Electronics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Electronics">Electronics</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/80px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/120px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is part of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Electronics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Electronics">WikiProject Electronics</a></b>, an attempt to provide a standard approach to writing articles about <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> on Wikipedia. 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Leave messages at the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Electronics" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Electronics">project talk page</a><span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Electronics</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Electronics</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Electronics</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">electronic articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_electronic_articles" title="Category:Top-importance electronic articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Electronics/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Electronics/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1243927654"><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice banner-shell mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NewFavicon_icon.svg/24px-NewFavicon_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NewFavicon_icon.svg/36px-NewFavicon_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NewFavicon_icon.svg/48px-NewFavicon_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text banner-shell-header"><span class="nowrap" style="float:left"> </span>Other talk page banners</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="banner-shell-inner outercollapse"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/50px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/75px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/100px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div> <p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Category:Spoken_Wikipedia_requests" title="Category:Spoken Wikipedia requests">request</a>, submitted by <a href="/wiki/User:Sdkb" title="User:Sdkb">Sdkb</a>, for an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">audio version</a> of this article to be created. For further information, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spoken_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia"><b>WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia</b></a>. </p><p>The rationale behind the request is: "Level-1 vital article". </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="box-To_do plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mw-notalk"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stock_post_message.svg/25px-Stock_post_message.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stock_post_message.svg/38px-Stock_post_message.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stock_post_message.svg/50px-Stock_post_message.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40"/></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To-do_list" title="Wikipedia:To-do list">To-do list</a> for <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a>:</b> <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="float: right; text-align: right; font-size: 88%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Technology/to_do&action=edit&preload=Template:Tasks/Preload">edit</a> <b>·</b> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Technology/to_do&action=history">history</a> <b>·</b> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Technology/to_do&action=watch">watch</a> <b>·</b> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Technology&action=purge">refresh</a> <b>·</b> Updated 2023-12-18</span> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="todo-box" style="border:1px dotted gray; padding: 2px 4px;"> <p> Revamp going well. Keep focusing on content before turning to style/MOS. Key sections that still need expansion are: </p> <ul><li>Philosophy</li> <li>Futures studies</li></ul> <ul><li>Philosophy: <ul><li>Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences. (2009). Netherlands: Elsevier Science.</li> <li>Dusek, V. (2006). Philosophy of Technology: An Introduction. Spain: Wiley.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Futures studies: <ul><li>Foundations of Futures Studies, Volume 1: Human Science for a New Era. (n.d.). United States: Transaction Publishers. <ul><li>and further volumes</li></ul></li> <li>Cornish, E. (2004). Futuring: The Exploration of the Future. United States: World Future Society.</li> <li>The Study of the Future: An Introduction to the Art and Science of Understanding and Shaping Tomorrow's World. (2011). United States: Transaction Publishers.</li> <li>Global Catastrophic Risks. (2011). United Kingdom: OUP Oxford.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Useful sources for technological unemployment: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803102813279">[1]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://tcf.org/content/report/mounting-response-technological-unemployment/">[2]</a> (non-neutral, attributed), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.chicagobooth.edu/review/if-robots-take-our-jobs-will-they-make-it-us">[3]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://economics.mit.edu/files/9835">[4]</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cep.lse.ac.uk/textonly/people/vanreenen/papers/jole_emp.pdf">[5]</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://economics.mit.edu/files/11563">[6]</a> </p> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03-20240309155200"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03-20240309155200"></span>Wiki Education assignment: Gender and Technoculture 320-03<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03-20240309155200"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Technology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Wiki Education assignment: Gender and Technoculture 320-03"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Momlife5-20240309155200-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sciences_humaines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/60px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/80px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"/></a></span> This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-22">22 January 2024</span> and <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-05-10">10 May 2024</span>. 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data-mw-comment-end="c-Momlife5-20240309155200-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03"></span> </p><p><br/> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0-20240312003500-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03"></span>nasir_dz_14 <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0" title="Special:Contributions/2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0">2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Technology#c-2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0-20240312003500-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:35, 12 March 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0-20240312003500-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-2409:40E0:1010:A085:8000:0:0:0-20240312003500-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03"></span> </p><p><br/> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-102.182.46.24-20240404172800-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Gender_and_Technoculture_320-03"></span>Technology <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/102.182.46.24" title="Special:Contributions/102.182.46.24">102.182.46.24</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:102.182.46.24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:102.182.46.24 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a 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id="h-Technology_short_under_150_words-20240503160900"></span>Technology short under 150 words<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Technology_short_under_150_words-20240503160900"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Technology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technology short under 150 words"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-2409:40D4:107D:2AE7:8000:0:0:0-20240503160900-Technology_short_under_150_words"></span>Technology <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:107D:2AE7:8000:0:0:0" title="Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:107D:2AE7:8000:0:0:0">2409:40D4:107D:2AE7:8000:0:0:0</a> (<a 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