CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Imperial College London - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ae4be116-b40d-440d-8ba7-1dad4fd0779b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Imperial_College_London","wgTitle":"Imperial College London","wgCurRevisionId":1276099928,"wgRevisionId":1276099928, "wgArticleId":61116,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Imperial_College_London","wgRelevantArticleId":61116,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true, "wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":51.498333333333335,"lon":-0.17694444444444443},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"}, {"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"} ,{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym": "कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym": "Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym": "سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su", "autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku", "kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig" ,"is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q189022","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready", "skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init", "mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg/1200px-Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1463"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg/800px-Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="975"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg/640px-Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="780"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Imperial College London - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Imperial_College_London rootpage-Imperial_College_London stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Imperial+College+London" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Imperial+College+London" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&wmf_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Imperial College London</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Imperial_College_London" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Imperial+College+London" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Imperial College London (Imperial) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in London, England. Its history began with <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria's</a> husband, <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>, who envisioned a <a href="/wiki/Albertopolis" title="Albertopolis">cultural area in South Kensington</a> that included museums, colleges, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Albert_Hall-2019-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Imperial_College_London-2018-7">[7]</a> In 1907, these colleges – the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Science" title="Royal College of Science">Royal College of Science</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Mines" title="Royal School of Mines">Royal School of Mines</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City and Guilds of London Institute</a> – merged to form the Imperial College of Science and Technology.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-2012-8">[8]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Imperial College London</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg/130px-Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg/195px-Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg/260px-Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="702"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Imperial_College_London" title="Coat of arms of Imperial College London">Coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Scientia, imperii <a href="/wiki/Decus_et_tutamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Decus et tutamen">decus et tutamen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">"Scientific knowledge, the crowning glory and the safeguard of the empire"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">8 July 1907; 117 years ago (1907-07-08)<a href="#cite_note-status-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">£235.2 million (2024)<a href="#cite_note-AR2023-24-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£1.309 billion (2023/24)<a href="#cite_note-AR2023-24-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Brady_(academic)" title="Hugh Brady (academic)">Hugh Brady</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Walmsley" title="Ian Walmsley">Ian Walmsley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,395 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStaff-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,230 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStaff-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">22,255 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESA-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11,915 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESA-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10,340 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESA-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality">London</div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Imperial_College_London&params=51_29_54_N_0_10_37_W_type:edu">51°29′54″N 0°10′37″W / 51.49833°N 0.17694°W / 51.49833; -0.17694</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Academic_scarf" title="Academic scarf">Scarf</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td><td style="background: #8CACDF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #7D3358; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #FFF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #482D8C; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #FFF82E; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td><td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td><td style="background: #8CACDF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #7D3358; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #FFF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #482D8C; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #FFF82E; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <a href="/wiki/Royal_blue#Imperial_blue" title="Royal blue">Blue</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities" title="Global Alliance of Technological Universities">Global Alliance of Technological Universities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">LERU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SES_(universities)" class="mw-redirect" title="SES (universities)">SES</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Lion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imperial.ac.uk">imperial.ac.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_College_London_new_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Imperial_College_London_new_logo.png/240px-Imperial_College_London_new_logo.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Imperial_College_London_new_logo.png/360px-Imperial_College_London_new_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Imperial_College_London_new_logo.png/480px-Imperial_College_London_new_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="12900" data-file-height="1417"></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> In 1988, Imperial merged with <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London" title="St Mary's Hospital, London">St Mary's Hospital Medical School</a> and then with <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_and_Westminster_Medical_School" title="Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School">Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_School_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College School of Medicine">Imperial College School of Medicine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Imperial College Business School</a> was established in 2003 and officially opened by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>. Formerly a constituent college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, Imperial became an independent university in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Imperial is organised into four faculties: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="Imperial College Faculty of Engineering">Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College Faculty of Medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Natural_Sciences" title="Imperial College Faculty of Natural Sciences">Natural Sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Business</a>. The university fosters innovation and enterprise across all its faculties by integrating business courses into science degrees and providing business students with a scientific education.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The main campus is located in <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, with an additional campus in <a href="/wiki/White_City,_London" title="White City, London">White City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> The Faculty of Medicine also operates five <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">teaching hospitals</a> across London and is a founding institution of the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick_Institute" title="Francis Crick Institute">Francis Crick Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-the15411-12">[12]</a> Its graduates and lecturers include 14 Nobel Prize winners, 3 Fields Medal winners, 74 Fellows of the Royal Society and 84 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#19th_century">1.1 19th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#20th_century">1.2 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#21st_century">1.3 21st century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Campuses">2 Campuses</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#South_Kensington">2.1 South Kensington</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#White_City">2.2 White City</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Silwood_Park">2.3 Silwood Park</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Hospitals">2.4 Hospitals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Organisation_and_administration">3 Organisation and administration</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Faculties_and_departments">3.1 Faculties and departments</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Interdisciplinary_centres">3.2 Interdisciplinary centres</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Academic_centres">3.3 Academic centres</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Governance">3.4 Governance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Finances_and_endowment">3.5 Finances and endowment</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Affiliations_and_partnerships">3.6 Affiliations and partnerships</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Academic_profile">4 Academic profile</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Research">4.1 Research</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Admissions">4.2 Admissions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Libraries">4.3 Libraries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Medicine">4.4 Medicine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Reputation_and_rankings">4.5 Reputation and rankings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Student_life">5 Student life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Student_body">5.1 Student body</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Imperial_College_Union">5.2 Imperial College Union</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Facilities">5.3 Facilities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Student_media">5.4 Student media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Imperial_College_Radio">5.4.1 Imperial College Radio</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Imperial_College_TV">5.4.2 Imperial College TV</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Felix_Newspaper">5.4.3 Felix Newspaper</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Student_societies">5.5 Student societies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Imperial_College_Boat_Club">5.5.1 Imperial College Boat Club</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Sports">5.5.2 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Exploration_Club">5.5.3 Exploration Club</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Dramatic_Society">5.5.4 Dramatic Society</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#The_Techtonics">5.5.5 The Techtonics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Student_housing">5.6 Student housing</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#Notable_alumni,_academics_and_other_staff">6 Notable alumni, academics and other staff</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">8 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg/170px-Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 210px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg/170px-Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="210" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg/255px-Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg/340px-Prince_Albert_-_Partridge_1840.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a> was the main patron of the early royal colleges and the development of an <a href="/wiki/Albertopolis" title="Albertopolis">area of culture</a> in South Kensington</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Imperial_College_London" title="History of Imperial College London">History of Imperial College London</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The earliest college that led to the formation of Imperial was the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Chemistry" title="Royal College of Chemistry">Royal College of Chemistry</a>, founded in 1845, with the support of <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Imperial_College_London-2018-7">[7]</a> This was merged in 1853 into what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Mines" title="Royal School of Mines">Royal School of Mines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_School_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College School of Medicine">medical school</a> has roots in many different schools across London, the oldest of which being <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Hospital_Medical_School" title="Charing Cross Hospital Medical School">Charing Cross Hospital Medical School</a> which can be traced back to 1823, followed by teaching starting at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hospital" title="Westminster Hospital">Westminster Hospital</a> in 1834, and <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London" title="St Mary's Hospital, London">St Mary's Hospital</a> in 1851.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 1851, the <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a> was organised as an exhibition of culture and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">industry</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cole_(inventor)" title="Henry Cole (inventor)">Henry Cole</a> and by Prince Albert, husband of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>. An enormously popular and financial success, proceeds from the Great Exhibition were designated to develop an area for cultural and scientific advancement in <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Within the next six years the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a> had opened, joined by new facilities in 1871 for the Royal College of Chemistry, and in 1881 the opening of the Royal School of Mines and <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg/220px-Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3384" data-file-height="2269"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg/220px-Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg/330px-Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg/440px-Commonwealth_Institute_QE1_35.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Institute">Imperial Institute</a>, now the site of <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Lawn" title="Queen's Lawn">Queen's Lawn</a></figcaption></figure> In 1881, the Normal School of Science was established in South Kensington under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Huxley</a>, taking over responsibility for the teaching of the natural sciences and agriculture from the Royal School of Mines.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The school was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Science" title="Royal College of Science">Royal College of Science</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_consent" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal consent">royal consent</a> in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Central Institution of the <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City and Guilds of London Institute</a> was opened as a <a href="/wiki/Mechanics%27_Institutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanics' Institutes">technical education</a> school on <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_Road" title="Exhibition Road">Exhibition Road</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Prince of Wales</a> in 1884, with courses beginning in 1885.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-2012-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal-College-of-Science,-Imperial-College-Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg/220px-Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="520"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 182px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg/220px-Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg/330px-Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg/440px-Royal-College-of-Science%2C-Imperial-College-Road.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Science" title="Royal College of Science">Royal College of Science</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At the start of the 20th century, there was a concern that Great Britain was falling behind Germany in scientific and technical education. A departmental committee was set up at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Education (United Kingdom)">Board of Education</a> in 1904, to look into the future of the Royal College of Science. A report released in 1906 called for the establishment of an institution unifying the Royal College of Science and the Royal School of Mines, as well as – if an agreement could be reached with the City and Guilds of London Institute – its Central Technical College.<a href="#cite_note-bh-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> On 8 July 1907, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a> establishing the Imperial College of Science and Technology. This incorporated the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science. It also made provisions for the City and Guilds College to join once conditions regarding its governance were met, as well as for Imperial to become a college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The college joined the University of London on 22 July 1908, with the City and Guilds College joining in 1910.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-2012-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-UoLHistRec-25">[25]</a> The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Institute">Imperial Institute</a>, the new building for the Royal College of Science having opened across from it in 1906, and the foundation stone for the Royal School of Mines building being laid by King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> in July 1909.<a href="#cite_note-bh-22">[22]</a> As students at Imperial had to study separately for London degrees, in January 1919, students and alumni voted for a petition to make Imperial a university with its own degree awarding powers, independent of the University of London.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In response, the University of London changed its regulations in 1925 so that the courses taught only at Imperial would be examined by the university, enabling students to gain a Bachelor of Science.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In October 1945, <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a> visited Imperial to commemorate the centenary of the Royal College of Chemistry, which was the oldest of the institutions that united to form Imperial College. "Commemoration Day", named after this visit, is held every October as the university's main graduation ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The college also acquired a <a href="/wiki/Biological_station" title="Biological station">biology field station</a> at <a href="/wiki/Silwood_Park" title="Silwood Park">Silwood Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ascot,_Berkshire" title="Ascot, Berkshire">Ascot, Berkshire</a> in 1947<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg/220px-Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1537"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg/220px-Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg/330px-Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg/440px-Imperial_College_Royal_School_of_Mines.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Mines" title="Royal School of Mines">Royal School of Mines</a></figcaption></figure> Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, there was again concern that Britain was falling behind in science – this time to the United States. The Percy Report of 1945 and Barlow Committee in 1946 called for a "British <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>"-equivalent, backed by influential scientists as politicians of the time, including <a href="/wiki/Lord_Cherwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Cherwell">Lord Cherwell</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Lawrence Bragg</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Appleton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bocock-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="University Grants Committee (United Kingdom)">University Grants Committee</a> strongly opposed however,<a href="#cite_note-bocock-32">[32]</a> and so a compromise was reached in 1953, where Imperial would remain within the university, but double in size over the next ten years.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The expansion led to a number of new buildings being erected. These included the Hill building in 1957 and the Physics building in 1960, and the completion of the East Quadrangle, built in four stages between 1959 and 1965. The building work also meant the demolition of the City and Guilds College building in 1962–63, and the Imperial Institute's building by 1967.<a href="#cite_note-VCH-36">[36]</a> Opposition from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fine_Arts_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Fine Arts Commission">Royal Fine Arts Commission</a> and others meant that <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Tower,_London" title="Queen's Tower, London">Queen's Tower</a> was retained, with work carried out between 1966 and 1968 to make it free standing.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> New laboratories for biochemistry, established with the support of a £350,000 grant from the <a href="/wiki/Wolfson_Foundation" title="Wolfson Foundation">Wolfson Foundation</a>, were opened by the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen</a> in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-1960s-39">[39]</a> In 1988, Imperial merged with <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital_Medical_School" title="St Mary's Hospital Medical School">St Mary's Hospital Medical School</a> under the Imperial College Act 1988. Amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> changed the formal name of the institution to The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine and made St Mary's a constituent college.<a href="#cite_note-charternote-40">[40]</a> This was followed by mergers with the <a href="/wiki/National_Heart_and_Lung_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="National Heart and Lung Institute">National Heart and Lung Institute</a> in 1995 and the <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_and_Westminster_Medical_School" title="Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School">Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Postgraduate_Medical_School" title="Royal Postgraduate Medical School">Royal Postgraduate Medical School</a> and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997, with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Act_1997" title="Imperial College Act 1997">Imperial College Act 1997</a> formally establishing the Imperial College School of Medicine.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2003, Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a>. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Imperial College Business School</a> and a new main college entrance on Exhibition Road were opened.<a href="#cite_note-A_timeline_of_College_Developments2-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UK_Energy_Research_Centre" title="UK Energy Research Centre">UK Energy Research Centre</a> was also established in 2004 and opened its headquarters at Imperial. On 9 December 2005, Imperial announced that it would commence negotiations to secede from the University of London.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Imperial became fully independent of the University of London in July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-GuardSplit-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In April 2011, Imperial and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> joined the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation as partners with a commitment of £40 million each to the project. The centre was later renamed the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick_Institute" title="Francis Crick Institute">Francis Crick Institute</a> and opened on 9 November 2016. It is the largest single biomedical laboratory in Europe. The college began moving into the new White City campus in 2016, with the launching of the Innovation Hub.<a href="#cite_note-WhiteCity-48">[48]</a> This was followed by the opening of the Molecular Sciences Research Hub for the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Chemistry,_Imperial_College_London" title="Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London">Department of Chemistry</a>, officially opened by <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a> in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Djaba-2018-49">[49]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Grimm" title="Stefan Grimm">Stefan Grimm</a>, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being told that he was "struggling to fulfil the metrics" of his professorial post.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-blog-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The college announced an internal inquiry into his death, and found that the performance metrics for his position were unreasonable, with new metrics for performance being needed.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Campuses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg/222px-Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 222px;height: 167px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg/222px-Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg" data-width="222" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg/333px-Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg/444px-Goldsmiths_Extension_and_Main_Entrance_from_across_Exhibition_Road.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Imperial College Business School</a> and College Main Entrance</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Kensington">South Kensington</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: South Kensington" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The South Kensington campus is the college's main campus, where most teaching and research takes place. It is home to many notable buildings, such as the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Mines" title="Royal School of Mines">Royal School of Mines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Science" title="Royal College of Science">Royal College of Science</a>. It is also the original site of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Institute">Imperial Institute</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Tower,_London" title="Queen's Tower, London">Queen's Tower</a> stands at the heart of the campus overlooking <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Lawn" title="Queen's Lawn">Queen's Lawn</a>. As part of a cultural centre known as <a href="/wiki/Albertopolis" title="Albertopolis">Albertopolis</a> the campus is surrounded by many of London's most popular attractions, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a>, museums including the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, and institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Art_Library" title="National Art Library">National Art Library</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main-entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Main-entrance.jpg/220px-Main-entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2943" data-file-height="2216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Main-entrance.jpg/220px-Main-entrance.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Main-entrance.jpg/330px-Main-entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Main-entrance.jpg/440px-Main-entrance.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View from the main entrance</figcaption></figure> The campus has many restaurants and cafés run by the college, and contains much of the college's student accommodation, including the Prince's Garden Halls, and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hall" title="Beit Hall">Beit Hall</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Union" title="Imperial College Union">college union</a>, which runs student pubs, a nightclub, and a cinema on site. To the north, within easy walking distance of the college, are <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a>, with green spaces and sports facilities used by many of the student clubs. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg/220px-A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg/220px-A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg/330px-A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg/440px-A_Walk_in_the_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_546153.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_City">White City</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: White City" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway,_Wood_Lane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg/220px-White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4308" data-file-height="3164"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg/220px-White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg/330px-White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg/440px-White_City_North_Campus_over_the_Westway%2C_Wood_Lane.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption> The White City campus was built on land previously owned by the BBC.</figcaption></figure> Imperial has a new second major campus in <a href="/wiki/White_City,_London" title="White City, London">White City</a> providing a platform for <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>. This campus was built on land previously owned by BBC.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The hub houses research facilities, postgraduate accommodation, as well as a commercialisation space.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The campus is home to the Scale Space and <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">incubator</a>, Invention Rooms, a college <a href="/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace">hackerspace</a> and community outreach centre.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The White City campus also includes another biomedical centre funded by Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Uren" title="Michael Uren">Michael Uren</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silwood_Park">Silwood Park</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Silwood Park" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Silwood_Park" title="Silwood Park">Silwood Park</a> is a postgraduate campus of Imperial in the village of Sunninghill near <a href="/wiki/Ascot,_Berkshire" title="Ascot, Berkshire">Ascot</a> in Berkshire. The Silwood Park campus remains a centre for research and teaching in ecology, evolution, and conservation. It is set in 100 hectares of parkland used for ecological field experiments. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hospitals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Imperial has teaching hospitals across London which are used by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_School_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a> for undergraduate clinical teaching and medical research. All are based around college-affiliated hospitals, and also provide catering and sport facilities. College libraries are located on each campus, including the Fleming library at St Mary's.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Organisation_and_administration">Organisation and administration</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organisation and administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculties_and_departments">Faculties and departments</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Faculties and departments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Imperial is organised into four faculties: the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, and the Imperial College Business School. As of 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit">[update]</a> the academic departments are:<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-4"><div class="column"> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="Imperial College Faculty of Engineering">Faculty of Engineering</a> <ul><li>Aeronautics</li> <li>Bioengineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Chemical_Engineering,_Imperial_College_London" title="Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London">Chemical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Civil_and_Environmental_Engineering,_Imperial_College_London" title="Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London">Civil and Environmental Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Computing,_Imperial_College_London" title="Department of Computing, Imperial College London">Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_School_of_Design_Engineering" title="Dyson School of Design Engineering">Dyson School of Design Engineering</a></li> <li>Earth Science and Engineering</li> <li>Electrical and Electronic Engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Materials,_Imperial_College_London" title="Department of Materials, Imperial College London">Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Mechanical_Engineering,_Imperial_College_London" title="Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London">Mechanical Engineering</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</a> <ul><li>Brain Sciences</li> <li>Immunology and Inflammation</li> <li>Infectious Disease</li> <li>Institute of Clinical Sciences</li> <li>Metabolism, Digestion amd Reproduction</li> <li>Surgery and Cancer</li> <li>Institute of Clinical Sciences</li> <li>National Heart and Lung Institute</li> <li>School of Public Health</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Natural_Sciences" title="Imperial College Faculty of Natural Sciences">Faculty of Natural Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Chemistry,_Imperial_College_London" title="Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London">Chemistry</a></li> <li>Mathematics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackett_Laboratory" title="Blackett Laboratory">Physics</a></li> <li>Life Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Environmental_Policy" title="Centre for Environmental Policy">Centre for Environmental Policy</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Imperial College Business School</a> <ul><li>Analytics and Operations</li> <li>Economics and Public Policy</li> <li>Finance</li> <li>Management and Entrepreneurship</li> <li>Marketing</li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interdisciplinary_centres">Interdisciplinary centres</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interdisciplinary centres" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:53_Princes_Garden.tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/53_Princes_Garden.tif/lossy-page1-170px-53_Princes_Garden.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/53_Princes_Garden.tif/lossy-page1-170px-53_Princes_Garden.tif.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/53_Princes_Garden.tif/lossy-page1-255px-53_Princes_Garden.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/53_Princes_Garden.tif/lossy-page1-340px-53_Princes_Garden.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Brevan Howard Centre for Financial Analysis</figcaption></figure> Imperial hosts centres to promote inter-disciplinary work under the titles of Global Challenge institutes, Imperial Centres of Excellence and Imperial Networks of Excellence. It also participates as a partner in a number of national institutes.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"><div class="columns-start columns-2" style="width: 75%"><div class="column">Global Challenge institutes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_Science_Institute" title="Data Science Institute">Data Science Institute</a></li> <li>Energy Futures Laboratory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantham_Institute_for_Climate_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Grantham Institute for Climate Change">Grantham Institute for Climate Change</a></li> <li>Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering</li> <li>Institute for Security Science and Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Global_Health_Innovation" title="Institute of Global Health Innovation">Institute of Global Health Innovation</a></li> <li>Institute of Infection</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column">National institutes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick_Institute" title="Francis Crick Institute">Francis Crick Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_Institute" title="Rosalind Franklin Institute">Rosalind Franklin Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing_Institute" title="Alan Turing Institute">Alan Turing Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Royce_Institute" title="Henry Royce Institute">Henry Royce Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Faraday Institution">Faraday Institution</a></li> <li>UK Dementia Research Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_London_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences">MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences</a></li></ul></div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_centres">Academic centres</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Academic centres" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Centre for Languages, Culture and Communication operates as Imperial College London's adult education centre, offering evening class courses in the arts, humanities, languages and sciences.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The university also houses two academic centres offering teaching to undergraduate and postgraduate students in subjects outside of science, technology and medicine. The academic centres are the: <ul><li>Centre for Academic English</li> <li>Centre for Languages, Culture and Communication</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Governance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg/220px-Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2261" data-file-height="1421"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg/220px-Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg/330px-Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg/440px-Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Imperial_College.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Faculty Building, designed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster">Norman Foster</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/President_of_Imperial_College_London" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Imperial College London">President of Imperial College London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provost_of_Imperial_College_London" title="Provost of Imperial College London">Provost of Imperial College London</a></div> The council is the governing body of Imperial. The council consists of between 19 and 27 members, with an independent chair and ex officio members being the president, the provost, the chief operating officer, the president of Imperial College Union, and four senior staff members. There are also up to four further staff members (comprising one member elected by the academic staff, one further appointed member of academic staff and two members of the professional services staff), up to one further representative of Imperial College Union, and between nine and 13 other independent members, with the proviso that the independent members (including the chair) must comprise the majority.<a href="#cite_note-council-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/President_(college)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (college)">president</a> is the highest academic official and chief executive of Imperial College London.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The position has been held by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Brady_(academic)" title="Hugh Brady (academic)">Hugh Brady</a>, since August 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> As of 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit">[update]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">provost</a> is <a href="/wiki/Ian_Walmsley" title="Ian Walmsley">Ian Walmsley</a> and the chair is Vindi Banga.<a href="#cite_note-council-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances_and_endowment">Finances and endowment</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Finances and endowment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop,_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg/220px-Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8170" data-file-height="5076"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg/220px-Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg/330px-Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg/440px-Royal_Albert_Hall_Crop%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Graduation ceremonies take place in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></figcaption></figure> The college's endowment is sub-divided into three distinct portfolios: <ul><li>Unitised Scheme – a unit trust vehicle for the college, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term</li> <li>Non-Core Property – a portfolio containing around 120 operational and developmental properties which the college has determined are not core to the academic mission</li> <li>Strategic Asset Investments – containing the college's shareholding in <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Innovations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Innovations">Imperial Innovations</a> and other restricted equity holdings.<a href="#cite_note-AR2020-21-69">[69]</a></li></ul> In the financial year ending 31 July 2024, Imperial had a total income of £1.309 billion (2022/23 – £1.256 million) and total expenditure of £1.051 billion (2022/23 – £1.235 billion).<a href="#cite_note-AR2023-24-2">[2]</a> Key sources of income included £507.5 million from tuition fees and education contracts (2022/23 – £452.1 million), £165.4 million from funding body grants (2022/23 – £183.3 million), £396.2 million from research grants and contracts (2022/23 – £383.1 million), £28.8 million from investment income (2022/23 – £24.1 million) and £35.5 million from donations and endowments (2022/23 – £51.5 million).<a href="#cite_note-AR2023-24-2">[2]</a> At year end, Imperial had endowments of £235.2 million (2022/23 – £220.1 million) and total net assets of £2.082 billion (2022/23 – £1.792 billion). It holds the <a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by endowment">eighth-largest endowment</a> of any university in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-AR2023-24-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiliations_and_partnerships">Affiliations and partnerships</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Affiliations and partnerships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Imperial is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">Association of Commonwealth Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities" title="Global Alliance of Technological Universities">Global Alliance of Technological Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">League of European Research Universities</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a>. It is a founding member of the Imperial College <a href="/wiki/Academic_health_sciences_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic health sciences centre">academic health sciences centre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick_Institute" title="Francis Crick Institute">Francis Crick Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/MedCity_(London)" title="MedCity (London)">MedCity</a>. Imperial is a long-term partner of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, with the first formal large-scale collaboration agreement dating back to 1944 as part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> scientific effort.<a href="#cite_note-Imperial_College_and_'M.I.T.'-70">[70]</a> The partnership between the two institutions continues with exchange programs for students and academic staff.<a href="#cite_note-MIT_News-2018-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Imperial_News-2018-72">[72]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Academic_profile">Academic profile</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Academic profile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the 2021 <a href="/wiki/Research_Excellence_Framework" title="Research Excellence Framework">Research Excellence Framework</a>, Imperial's research profile was assessed as 66 per cent world class (4*) 30 per cent internationally important (3*) and 3 per cent internationally recognised (2*), with insignificant quantities of research in lower categories. This led to Imperial being ranked first in the UK on GPA and ninth for research power by Times Higher Education, with a GPA of 3.63 and research power 47.3 per cent of the top-ranked University of Oxford.<a href="#cite_note-TimesHE-2022-73">[73]</a> The college promotes research commercialisation, partly through its dedicated <a href="/wiki/Technology_transfer" title="Technology transfer">technology transfer</a> company, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Innovations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Innovations">Imperial Innovations</a>, which has given rise to a large number of <a href="/wiki/Spin-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-out">spin-out</a> companies based on academic research.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Imperial researcher <a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a> made critical contributions to the invention of <a href="/wiki/Fibre_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre optics">fibre optics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub,_White_City_North_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg/170px-Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="939"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg/170px-Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg/255px-Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg/340px-Translation_%26_Innovation_Hub%2C_White_City_North_Campus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Innovation Hub</figcaption></figure> The United States is the college's top foreign country for collaborations,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> and Imperial College has a long-term partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> that dates from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Imperial_College_and_'M.I.T.'-70">[70]</a> In January 2018, the mathematics department of Imperial and the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">French National Centre for Scientific Research</a> launched an "international joint research unit" (unité mixte internationale; UMI) at Imperial, known as UMI Abraham de Moivre after the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_de_Moivre" title="Abraham de Moivre">French mathematician</a>, focused on unsolved problems and bridging British and French scientific communities.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In October 2018, Imperial College launched the Imperial Cancer Research UK Center, a research collaboration that aims to find innovative ways to improve the precision of cancer treatments, inaugurated by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> as part of his Biden Cancer Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a>'s 16 March 2020 report entitled "Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand" was described in a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> article as the coronavirus "report that jarred the U.S. and the U.K. to action".<a href="#cite_note-imperialcollege_Ferguson_etal_20200316-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Landler_20200317-83">[83]</a> Since 18 May, Imperial College's Dr. Samir Bhatt advised the <a href="/wiki/State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="State of New York">state of New York</a> for its reopening plan.<a href="#cite_note-new_york_state-84">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">governor of New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a>, said at the time that "the Imperial College model, as we've been following this for weeks, was the best, most accurate model."<a href="#cite_note-new_york_state-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Admissions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="floatright"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5px"> <caption>UCAS Admission Statistics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2024 </th> <th>2023 </th> <th>2022 </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Applications<a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-85">[α]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCASEoC-86">[85]</a> </td> <td>32,990 </td> <td>30,725 </td> <td>28,620 </td> <td>28,700 </td> <td>25,650 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accepted<a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-85">[α]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCASEoC-86">[85]</a> </td> <td>3,255 </td> <td>3,135 </td> <td>3,090 </td> <td>3,305 </td> <td>3,450 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Applications/Accepted Ratio<a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-85">[α]</a> </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td>9.8 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td>8.7 </td> <td>7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Offer Rate (%)<a href="#cite_note-ukjune-87">[β]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCAS_Offer_Rate-88">[86]</a> </td> <td>32.8 </td> <td>33.1 </td> <td>30.1 </td> <td>32.5 </td> <td>42.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">Average Entry Tariff</a><a href="#cite_note-CUG_Entry-89">[87]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>206 </td> <td>198 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="font-size:80%;float:left"> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mainscheme-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_85-2">c</a> Main scheme applications, International and UK </li> <li id="cite_note-ukjune-87"><a href="#cite_ref-ukjune_87-0">^</a> UK domiciled applicants </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible mw-collapsible" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right;"> <caption class="nowrap">HESA Student Body Composition </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Domicile<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> and Ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-HESA_ethnicity-91">[89]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">British White</a> </td> <td align="right">22% </td> <td align="left">22<div style="width:44px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom#Collective_terms_for_minority_ethnic_groups" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">British Ethnic Minorities</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[a]</a> </td> <td align="right">25% </td> <td align="left">25<div style="width:50px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">International EU</a> </td> <td align="right">13% </td> <td align="left">13<div style="width:26px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:blue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">International Non-EU</a> </td> <td align="right">40% </td> <td align="left">40<div style="width:80px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number">Undergraduate <a href="/wiki/Widening_participation" title="Widening participation">Widening Participation</a> Indicators<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times23-94">[91]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom#Education" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">Female</a> </td> <td align="right">41% </td> <td align="left">41<div style="width:82px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">Private School</a> </td> <td align="right">34% </td> <td align="left">34<div style="width:68px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low Participation Areas<a href="#cite_note-95">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">5% </td> <td align="left">5<div style="width:10px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg/220px-Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="210"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 125px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg/220px-Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg/330px-Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Alexander_Fleming_Building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> opening the Alexander Fleming Building</figcaption></figure> In the academic year 2021/22, the ratio of applicants to admissions was 9:1 for undergraduates and 7.7:1 for postgraduates.<a href="#cite_note-:14b-96">[92]</a> The university gave offers of admission to 30.1% of its undergraduate applicants in 2022, the 7th lowest offer rate across the country.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> The undergraduate courses with the highest ratios of applicants to admissions were <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a> (19.2:1), mathematics (14.6:1) and mechanical engineering (11.2:1).<a href="#cite_note-:14b-96">[92]</a> The postgraduate courses with the highest ratios of applicants to admissions were computing (21:1), mathematics (17.9:1), and electrical engineering (14:1).<a href="#cite_note-:14b-96">[92]</a> Imperial is among the most international universities in the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-TimesHE-2018-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-HESA-2016-99">[95]</a> with 50% of students from the UK, 16% of students from the EU, and 34% of students from outside the UK or EU.<a href="#cite_note-TimesHE-2018-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-HESA-2018-101">[97]</a> The student body is 39% female and 61% male.<a href="#cite_note-HESA-2018-101">[97]</a> 36.5% of Imperial's undergraduates are <a href="/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school (United Kingdom)">privately educated</a>, the fourth highest proportion amongst mainstream British universities.<a href="#cite_note-HESA-2016-99">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Libraries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The college's <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London_Abdus_Salam_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College London Abdus Salam Library">main library</a> is located next to <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Lawn" title="Queen's Lawn">Queen's Lawn</a> and contains the main corpus of the college's collection. It previously also housed the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a>'s library until 2014.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> The Fleming library is located at <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London" title="St Mary's Hospital, London">St Mary's</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paddington" title="Paddington">Paddington</a>, originally the library of <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital_Medical_School" title="St Mary's Hospital Medical School">St Mary's Hospital Medical School</a>, with other hospital campuses also having college libraries.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicine">Medicine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Medicine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College Faculty of Medicine">Imperial College Faculty of Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College Healthcare">Imperial College Healthcare</a></div> The Imperial Faculty of Medicine was formed through mergers between Imperial and the St Mary's, Charing Cross and Westminster, and Royal Postgraduate medical schools and has six <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">teaching hospitals</a>. It accepts more than 300 undergraduate medical students per year and has around 321 taught and 700 research full-time equivalent postgraduate students. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg/220px-St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg/220px-St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg/330px-St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg/440px-St_Mary%27s_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2790489.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London" title="St Mary's Hospital, London">St Mary's Hospital, London</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College Healthcare">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust</a> was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (<a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Hospital" title="Charing Cross Hospital">Charing Cross Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Hospital" title="Hammersmith Hospital">Hammersmith Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_and_Chelsea_Hospital" title="Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital">Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital</a>) and St Mary's NHS Trust (<a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London" title="St Mary's Hospital, London">St. Mary's Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Eye_Hospital" title="Western Eye Hospital">Western Eye Hospital</a>) with Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine.<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> It is an academic health science centre and manages five hospitals: <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Hospital" title="Charing Cross Hospital">Charing Cross Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_and_Chelsea_Hospital" title="Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital">Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Hospital" title="Hammersmith Hospital">Hammersmith Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London" title="St Mary's Hospital, London">St Mary's Hospital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Eye_Hospital" title="Western Eye Hospital">Western Eye Hospital</a>. The Trust is currently one of the largest in the UK and in 2012/13 had a turnover of £971.3 million, employed approximately 9,770 people and treated almost 1.2 million patients.<a href="#cite_note-annrep201213-105">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg/220px-Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2332"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg/220px-Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg/330px-Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg/440px-Imperial_College_London_Diabetes_Centre.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi</figcaption></figure> Other (non-academic health science centres) hospitals affiliated with Imperial College include <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_and_Westminster_Hospital" title="Chelsea and Westminster Hospital">Chelsea and Westminster Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Brompton_Hospital" title="Royal Brompton Hospital">Royal Brompton Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Middlesex_University_Hospital" title="West Middlesex University Hospital">West Middlesex University Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillingdon_Hospital" title="Hillingdon Hospital">Hillingdon Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Hospital" title="Mount Vernon Hospital">Mount Vernon Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harefield_Hospital" title="Harefield Hospital">Harefield Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ealing_Hospital" title="Ealing Hospital">Ealing Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Middlesex_Hospital" title="Central Middlesex Hospital">Central Middlesex Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwick_Park_Hospital" title="Northwick Park Hospital">Northwick Park Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Hospital" title="St Mark's Hospital">St Mark's Hospital</a>, St Charles' Hospital and <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Hospital,_Chertsey" title="St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey">St Peter's Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reputation_and_rankings">Reputation and rankings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Reputation and rankings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">Rankings</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">National rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Complete_University_Guide" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Complete</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-Complete_League_Table-107">[103]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Guardian" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Guardian</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-108">[104]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Times/The_Sunday_Times" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Times / Sunday Times</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-109">[105]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Global rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a> (2024)<a href="#cite_note-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities-110">[106]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-111">[107]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-112">[108]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_10_Years.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Imperial_10_Years.png/225px-Imperial_10_Years.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1040"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 189px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Imperial_10_Years.png/225px-Imperial_10_Years.png" data-alt="" data-width="225" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Imperial_10_Years.png/338px-Imperial_10_Years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Imperial_10_Years.png/450px-Imperial_10_Years.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">National league tables</a> over ten years</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Global-rankings.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Global-rankings.png/225px-Global-rankings.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2099" data-file-height="1411"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 151px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Global-rankings.png/225px-Global-rankings.png" data-alt="" data-width="225" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Global-rankings.png/338px-Global-rankings.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Global-rankings.png/450px-Global-rankings.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Global league tables</a> over the years</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg/170px-Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg/170px-Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg/255px-Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg/340px-Imperial_Institute_Tower_c1960_-_geograph.org.uk_-_132052.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Tower,_London" title="Queen's Tower, London">Queen's Tower</a></figcaption></figure> Imperial College London is widely recognised as one of the UK's elite universities.<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> According to the 2025 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>, Imperial was ranked 2nd worldwide, following MIT, and 9th by the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a>. Imperial is known for its hardworking and fast-paced <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurial culture</a>, which blends business studies with a science-based curriculum.<a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[112]</a> This ethos is complemented by an appreciation for <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary research">interdisciplinary research</a> that has both theoretical and practical applications.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> Facilities such as the Enterprise Lab—which one in eight students uses and which reports a 79 per cent startup survival rate—demonstrate a commitment to innovation.<a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[112]</a> Reflecting this, the 2023 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS MBA Rankings</a> by Career Specialisation ranked its MBA programme 3rd worldwide for entrepreneurship.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> Imperial's specialisation in practical subjects—<a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>—along with its emphasis on entrepreneurship and collaboration with industry, has made it a leader in the UK for successful career outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[112]</a> In 2024, Imperial was ranked 1st in the UK for highly skilled employment or further studies by the <a href="/wiki/Complete_University_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Complete University Guide">Complete University Guide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:6-119">[115]</a> the <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_University_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian University Guide">Guardian University Guide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-120">[116]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Times_Good_University_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Good University Guide">Times Good University Guide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> An analysis of <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a> salary data for 2021 found that Imperial graduates had the highest median salaries across all subjects of any UK university.<a href="#cite_note-:8-122">[118]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Student life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_body">Student body</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Student body" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> For the 2022/23 academic year, Imperial had a total full-time student body of 19,400, consisting of 10,475 undergraduate students and 8,925 postgraduates.<a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-123">[119]</a> 50.7% of the student body is from outside of the UK.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> 32% of all full-time students came from outside the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in 2013–14,<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> and around 13% of the International students had Chinese nationality in 2007–08.<a href="#cite_note-statscard_2010-126">[122]</a> Imperial's male to female ratio for undergraduate students is uneven at approximately 64:36 overall,<a href="#cite_note-statscard_2010-126">[122]</a> and 5:1 or higher in some engineering courses. However, medicine has an approximate 1:1 ratio with biology degrees tending to be higher.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen's Lawn at South Kensington Campus"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg/600px-Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8088" data-file-height="2444"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 181px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg/600px-Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="600" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg/900px-Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg/1200px-Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_College_-_South_Kensington_Campus.jpg" title="File:Imperial College - South Kensington Campus.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Lawn" title="Queen's Lawn">Queen's Lawn</a> at South Kensington Campus</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_College_Union">Imperial College Union</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Imperial College Union" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Union" title="Imperial College Union">Imperial College Union</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">students' union</a> and is run by five full-time <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">sabbatical</a> officers elected from the student body for a tenure of one year, and a number of permanent members of staff. It is split into constituent unions aligned with the faculties of the college, carrying on the association with the original constituent colleges of Imperial, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Science_Union" title="Royal College of Science Union">Royal College of Science Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Faculty_of_Engineering#City_and_Guilds_College_Union" title="Imperial College Faculty of Engineering">City and Guilds College Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Mines#RSM_Students'_Union" title="Royal School of Mines">Royal School of Mines Students' Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_School_of_Medicine_Students%27_Union" title="Imperial College School of Medicine Students' Union">Imperial College School of Medicine Students' Union</a>. The Union is given a large subvention by the university, much of which is spent on maintaining over 300 clubs, projects and societies.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> Examples of notable student groups and projects are <a href="/wiki/InterVol" title="InterVol">Project Nepal</a> which sends Imperial College students to work on educational development programmes in rural Nepal<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador_Project" title="El Salvador Project">the El Salvador Project</a>, a construction based project in Central America.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> The Union also hosts sports-related clubs such as <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Boat_Club" title="Imperial College Boat Club">Imperial College Boat Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Gliding_Club" title="Imperial College Gliding Club">Imperial College Gliding Club</a>. The Union operates on two sites, with most events at the Union Building on <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hall" title="Beit Hall">Beit Quad</a> at South Kensington, with mostly <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_School_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College School of Medicine">medical school</a> events at the Reynold's bar, <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Hospital" title="Charing Cross Hospital">Charing Cross</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Facilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethos_Gym.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ethos_Gym.jpg/220px-Ethos_Gym.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ethos_Gym.jpg/220px-Ethos_Gym.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ethos_Gym.jpg/330px-Ethos_Gym.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ethos_Gym.jpg/440px-Ethos_Gym.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ethos Gym</figcaption></figure> Sports facilities at Imperial's London campuses include four gyms, including the main Ethos gym at the South Kensington Campus, two swimming pools and two sports halls.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> Imperial has additional sports facilities at the Heston and Harlington sports grounds. On the South Kensington campus, there are a total of six music practice rooms which consist of upright pianos for usage by people of any grade, and grand pianos which are exclusively for people who have achieved Grade 8 or above.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> There are two student bars on the South Kensington campus, one at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Union" title="Imperial College Union">Imperial College Union</a> and one at Eastside.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> There are a number of pubs and bars on campus and also surrounding the campus, which become a popular social activity for Imperial's students. The <a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">Pewter</a> tankard collection at Imperial College Union is the largest in Europe, with the majority of clubs and societies having tankards associated with their clubs.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_College_Farmers_Market,_Prince%27s_Gardens.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png/220px-Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2493"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png/220px-Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png/330px-Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png/440px-Imperial_College_Farmers_Market%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The weekly college farmer's market</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_media">Student media</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Student media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Imperial_College_Radio">Imperial College Radio</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Imperial College Radio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Radio" title="Imperial College Radio">Imperial College Radio</a> (ICRadio) was founded in November 1975 with the intention of broadcasting to the student <a href="/wiki/Dormitory" title="Dormitory">halls of residence</a> from a studio under Southside, actually commencing broadcasts in late 1976. It now broadcasts from the West Basement of Beit Quad <a href="/wiki/Web_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Web radio">over the internet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Imperial_College_TV">Imperial College TV</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Imperial College TV" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Television" title="Imperial College Television">Imperial College Television</a> (ICTV) is the university's TV station, founded in 1969 as STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College) and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early <a href="/wiki/AMPEX" class="mw-redirect" title="AMPEX">AMPEX</a> <a href="/wiki/Type_A_videotape" title="Type A videotape">Type A 1-inch videotape recorder</a> and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room. A cable link to the Southside halls of residence was laid in a tunnel under Exhibition Road in 1972. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Felix_Newspaper">Felix Newspaper</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Felix Newspaper" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Felix_(newspaper)" title="Felix (newspaper)">Felix</a> is weekly student newspaper, first released on 9 December 1949.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> In addition to news, Felix also carries comic strips, features, opinions, puzzles and reviews, plus reports of trips and Imperial College sporting events.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGETeam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/RGETeam.jpg/220px-RGETeam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/RGETeam.jpg/220px-RGETeam.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/RGETeam.jpg/330px-RGETeam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/RGETeam.jpg/440px-RGETeam.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Racing_Green_Endurance" title="Racing Green Endurance">Racing Green Endurance</a> is a student-led project to demonstrate the potential of zero-emission cars.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_societies">Student societies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Student societies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Imperial_College_Boat_Club">Imperial College Boat Club</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Imperial College Boat Club" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Boat_Club" title="Imperial College Boat Club">Imperial College Boat Club</a> is the rowing club of Imperial and was founded on 12 December 1919. The college's boat house is located in <a href="/wiki/Putney" title="Putney">Putney</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a>, and has been refurbished, reopening in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sports">Sports</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Imperial College has over 60 sports clubs,<a href="#cite_note-AtoZSports-138">[134]</a> of which many participate in the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_and_Colleges_Sport" title="British Universities and Colleges Sport">British Universities and Colleges Sport</a> Association leagues such as <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_American_Football_League" title="British Universities American Football League">American Football</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Rugby_League" title="University and College Rugby League">Rugby</a>, Badminton, <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_in_England#Men's_lacrosse" title="Lacrosse in England">Lacrosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/BUCS_Football_League" title="BUCS Football League">Football</a>, Ice Hockey, and many others.<a href="#cite_note-AtoZSports-138">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exploration_Club">Exploration Club</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Exploration Club" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Side_looking_up,_Beit_Hall,_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg/220px-South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3371" data-file-height="3354"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 219px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg/220px-South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="219" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg/330px-South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg/440px-South_Side_looking_up%2C_Beit_Hall%2C_Beit_Quadrangle.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hall" title="Beit Hall">Beit Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastside_and_Southside_Halls,_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg/220px-Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4364" data-file-height="2833"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg/220px-Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg/330px-Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg/440px-Eastside_and_Southside_Halls%2C_Prince%27s_Gardens_in_snow.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Prince's Gardens surrounded by college halls of residence</figcaption></figure>Imperial's Exploration Board was established in 1957 to assist students with a desire for exploration. Trips have included Afghanistan, Alaska, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Fiji, the Himalayas, Iran, Morocco, Norway, Tanzania, Thailand, Ukraine, and the Yukon.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dramatic_Society">Dramatic Society</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Dramatic Society" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Imperial College Dramatic Society (DramSoc)<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> is one of two major theatrical arts societies, with the other being the Musical Theatre Society, and it was founded in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> The society puts on three major plays each year, in addition to several smaller fringe productions. It is additionally one of the London-based dramatic societies to participate in the London Student Drama Festival,<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> and regularly attends the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Fringe" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Fringe">Edinburgh Fringe</a>. DramSoc is responsible for the day-to-day maintenance of the Union's theatrical space, the <a href="/wiki/Union_Concert_Hall" title="Union Concert Hall">Union Concert Hall</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Techtonics">The Techtonics</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: The Techtonics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/The_Techtonics" title="The Techtonics">The Techtonics</a> are an all-male a cappella group from Imperial College London, and are a part of the Imperial College A Cappella Society.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> The group was formed in 2008, and has since risen to prominence in the world a cappella scene. The group is best known for winning the <a href="/wiki/International_Championship_of_Collegiate_A_Cappella" title="International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella">International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_housing">Student housing</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Student housing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Halls_of_Residence" title="Imperial College Halls of Residence">Imperial College Halls of Residence</a></div> Imperial College owns and manages ten halls of residence in <a href="/wiki/Inner_London" title="Inner London">Inner London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acton,_London" title="Acton, London">Acton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ascot,_Berkshire" title="Ascot, Berkshire">Ascot, Berkshire</a>. Over three thousand rooms are available, with first year undergraduates guaranteed a place in one of the six main college residences (subject to certain requirements). The majority of halls offer single or twin accommodation with some rooms having en suite facilities. Bedrooms are provided with basic furniture and with access to shared kitchens and bathrooms. All rooms come with internet access and access to the Imperial network.<a href="#cite_note-Accommodation_guide-145">[141]</a> Most students in college or university accommodation are first-year undergraduates. The majority of older students and postgraduates find accommodation in the private sector, help for which is provided by the college private housing office. However a handful of students may continue to live in halls in later years if they take the position of a "hall senior", and places are available for a small number of returning students in three small halls.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> The accommodation in Ascot is only for postgraduate students based at the Silwood Park site.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notable_alumni,_academics_and_other_staff">Notable alumni, academics and other staff</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notable alumni, academics and other staff" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Imperial_College_London_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Imperial College London people">List of Imperial College London people</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood"><noscript><img alt="Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg/85px-Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg/85px-Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg" data-alt="Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg/127px-Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg/170px-Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sir <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdus Salam"><noscript><img alt="Abdus Salam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif/80px-Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="301"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif/80px-Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif" data-alt="Abdus Salam" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif/120px-Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif/160px-Professor_Abdus_Salam.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackett.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett"><noscript><img alt="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blackett.jpg/85px-Blackett.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blackett.jpg/85px-Blackett.jpg" data-alt="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blackett.jpg/127px-Blackett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blackett.jpg/170px-Blackett.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Geoffrey_Wilkinson_(ca._1976).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson"><noscript><img alt="Geoffrey Wilkinson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg/104px-Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 104px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg/104px-Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg" data-alt="Geoffrey Wilkinson" data-width="104" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg/157px-Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg/209px-Geoffrey_Wilkinson_%28ca._1976%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Brian May CBE"><noscript><img alt="Sir Brian May CBE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg/87px-Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="564"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 87px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg/87px-Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg" data-alt="Sir Brian May CBE" data-width="87" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg/131px-Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg/174px-Brian-May_with_red_special.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sir <a href="/wiki/Brian_May" title="Brian May">Brian May</a> CBE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Martin Hairer"><noscript><img alt="Sir Martin Hairer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg/90px-Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="4800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg/90px-Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg" data-alt="Sir Martin Hairer" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg/135px-Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg/180px-Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sir <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a></div> </li> </ul> Nobel laureates have included: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Sir Ernst Boris Chain</a> (medicine); <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">Sir George Paget Thomson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Lord Patrick Blackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (physics); and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Sir Norman Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Sir Derek Barton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson</a> (chemistry).<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> Fields medalists have included <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Roth" title="Klaus Roth">Klaus Friedrich Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Sir Simon Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> Academics: <a href="/wiki/Tom_W._B._Kibble" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom W. B. Kibble">Sir Tom Kibble</a>, co-discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Higgs_Boson" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgs Boson">Higgs Boson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sally_Davies_(doctor)" title="Sally Davies (doctor)">Dame Sally Davies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom)">Chief Medical Officer</a> for England; <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Frankland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edward Frankland">Sir Edward Frankland</a>, originator of the theory of <a href="/wiki/Valency_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valency (chemistry)">chemical valency</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Crookes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Crookes">Sir William Crookes</a>, discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a>;<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Huxley</a>, advocate of the theory of evolution; <a href="/wiki/George_E._Davis" title="George E. Davis">George E. Davis</a>, founding father of chemical engineering; <a href="/wiki/Sir_Alec_Skempton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Alec Skempton">Sir Alec Skempton</a>, one of the founding fathers of <a href="/wiki/Soil_mechanics" title="Soil mechanics">soil mechanics</a>;<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming" title="John Ambrose Fleming">John Ambrose Fleming</a>, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tube</a>; <a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a>, inventor of <a href="/wiki/Fibre_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre optics">fibre optics</a>; <a href="/wiki/Steven_Cowley" title="Steven Cowley">Sir Steven Cowley</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi College, Oxford</a>;<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julia_King,_Baroness_Brown_of_Cambridge" title="Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge">Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge</a>, Member of the House of Lords;<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Hackitt" title="Judith Hackitt">Dame Judith Hackitt</a>, Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Huw_Thomas_(physician)" title="Huw Thomas (physician)">Huw Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physician_to_the_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="Physician to the Queen">Physician to the Queen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> Other alumni have included: Adventure and Exploration: Sir <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bannister" title="Roger Bannister">Roger Bannister</a>, ran the first <a href="/wiki/Four-minute_mile" title="Four-minute mile">four-minute mile</a>;<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Mogensen" title="Andreas Mogensen">Andreas Mogensen</a>, first Danish astronaut; <a href="/wiki/David_Warren_(inventor)" title="David Warren (inventor)">David Warren</a>, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Flight_data_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight data recorder">flight data recorder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cockpit_voice_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockpit voice recorder">cockpit voice recorder</a>;<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikolas_Tombazis" title="Nikolas Tombazis">Nikolas Tombazis</a>, chief car designer at <a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Ferrari</a>;<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Fox" title="Nicola Fox">Nicola Fox</a>, Head of Science at <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> Politics: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Sir Julius Vogel</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a>;<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>;<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Teo_Chee_Hean" title="Teo Chee Hean">Teo Chee Hean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senior_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Senior Minister of Singapore">Senior Minister of Singapore</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore">Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore</a>); Edem Tengue, Minister of maritime economy of the republic of Togo; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Charles_Stephens" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Charles Stephens">Henry Charles Stephens</a>, politician; <a href="/wiki/Chen_Jining" title="Chen Jining">Chen Jining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Beijing" title="Mayor of Beijing">Mayor of Beijing</a>, Secretary of Shanghai;<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyah_Roro_Esti_Widya_Putri#Riwayat_Pendidikan" class="extiw" title="id:Dyah Roro Esti Widya Putri">Dyah Roro Esti Widya Putri</a>, member of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Representative Council">House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia</a>; Business: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Robins" title="Ralph Robins">Ralph Robins</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chew_Choon_Seng" title="Chew Choon Seng">Chew Choon Seng</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Airlines" title="Singapore Airlines">Singapore Airlines</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Pallonji_Mistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Pallonji Mistry">Cyrus Pallonji Mistry</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a>;<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Read" title="Ian Read">Ian Read</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Iain_Conn" title="Iain Conn">Iain Conn</a>, Managing Director of <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>; <a href="/wiki/Danny_Lui" title="Danny Lui">Danny Lui</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cowpland" title="Michael Cowpland">Michael Cowpland</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Corel" class="mw-redirect" title="Corel">Corel</a>;<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(hedge_fund_manager)" title="Alan Howard (hedge fund manager)">Alan Howard</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Brevan_Howard" title="Brevan Howard">Brevan Howard</a> and philanthropist; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Birch_(businessman)" title="Michael Birch (businessman)">Michael Birch</a>, entrepreneur; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Rickman" title="Andrew Rickman">Andrew Rickman</a>, UK's first tech billionaire;<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Uren" title="Michael Uren">Sir Michael Uren</a>, businessman and philanthropist. Literature and Music: <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, author; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Singh" title="Simon Singh">Simon Singh</a>, author; <a href="/wiki/Brian_May" title="Brian May">Brian May</a>, guitarist of rock band <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pallab_Ghosh" title="Pallab Ghosh">Pallab Ghosh</a>, BBC correspondent; and <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Devlin" title="Hannah Devlin">Hannah Devlin</a>, science journalist. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/16px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/16px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="16" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/24px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/33px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertopolis" title="Albertopolis">Albertopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_UK_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of UK universities">Armorial of UK universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_London" title="Education in London">Education in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in the UK">List of universities in the UK</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Includes those who indicate that they identify as <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed Heritage</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">Arab</a> or any other ethnicity except White. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-status-1"><a href="#cite_ref-status_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/governance-structure/charitable-status/">"Charitable status"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604135632/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/governance-structure/charitable-status/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Charitable+status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fadmin-services%2Fsecretariat%2Fcollege-governance%2Fgovernance-structure%2Fcharitable-status%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AR2023-24-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AR2023-24_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2023-24_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2023-24_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2023-24_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2023-24_2-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/administration-and-support-services/finance/public/Annual-Report-2023-24-web.pdf">"Annual Report and Accounts 2023–24"</a> (PDF). Imperial College London. 13 December 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Annual+Report+and+Accounts+2023%E2%80%9324&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2Fimperial-college%2Fadministration-and-support-services%2Ffinance%2Fpublic%2FAnnual-Report-2023-24-web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESAStaff-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESAStaff_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESAStaff_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/staff/working-in-he">"Who's working in HE?"</a>. www.hesa.ac.uk. <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hesa.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Who%27s+working+in+HE%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstaff%2Fworking-in-he&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESA-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESA_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESA_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESA_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study">"Where do HE students study?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a>. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+do+HE+students+study%3F&rft.pub=Higher+Education+Statistics+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhere-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/communications/about-us/projects/imperial-brand-project/">"Imperial Brand Project"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227113241/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/communications/about-us/projects/imperial-brand-project/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+Brand+Project&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fcommunications%2Fabout-us%2Fprojects%2Fimperial-brand-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal_Albert_Hall-2019-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Albert_Hall-2019_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2016/july/prince-alberts-cultural-vision-and-the-history-of-south-kensington-what-is-albertopolis/">"Prince Albert's cultural vision and the history of South Kensington: What is Albertopolis?"</a>. Royal Albert Hall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112103556/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2016/july/prince-alberts-cultural-vision-and-the-history-of-south-kensington-what-is-albertopolis/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Albert+Hall&rft.atitle=Prince+Albert%27s+cultural+vision+and+the+history+of+South+Kensington%3A+What+is+Albertopolis%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalalberthall.com%2Fabout-the-hall%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fjuly%2Fprince-alberts-cultural-vision-and-the-history-of-south-kensington-what-is-albertopolis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Imperial_College_London-2018-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Imperial_College_London-2018_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Imperial_College_London-2018_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.ac.uk/natural-sciences/departments/chemistry/about/our-history/chemistry-at-imperial/">"Chemistry at Imperial"</a>. Imperial College London. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Chemistry+at+Imperial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnatural-sciences%2Fdepartments%2Fchemistry%2Fabout%2Four-history%2Fchemistry-at-imperial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-architecture-2012-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-architecture-2012_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture-2012_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture-2012_8-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002165842/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/ImperialCollege/CityAndGuildsCollege.aspx">"City and Guilds College ─ Imperial College"</a>. architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/ImperialCollege/CityAndGuildsCollege.aspx">the original</a> on 2 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=architecture.com&rft.atitle=City+and+Guilds+College+%E2%94%80+Imperial+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecture.com%2FLibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs%2FAlbertopolis%2FTheStoryOf%2FImperialCollege%2FCityAndGuildsCollege.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522161522/http://www.london.ac.uk/653.html">"University of London News: Imperial College Leaves University of London"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london.ac.uk/653.html">the original</a> on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+London+News%3A+Imperial+College+Leaves+University+of+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.london.ac.uk%2F653.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2022" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Rachel (24 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/sep/24/imperial-college-london-inside-the-university-that-is-in-the-business-of-studying">"Imperial College London: inside the university that is in the business of studying"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 11 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+London%3A+inside+the+university+that+is+in+the+business+of+studying&rft.date=2022-09-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2022%2Fsep%2F24%2Fimperial-college-london-inside-the-university-that-is-in-the-business-of-studying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/leadership-and-strategy/white-city-campus/">"White City Campus"</a>. Imperial College London. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=White+City+Campus&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fleadership-and-strategy%2Fwhite-city-campus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-the15411-12"><a href="#cite_ref-the15411_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=415855&c=1">"Three's company: Imperial, King's join UCL in £700m medical project"</a>. Times Higher Education. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Three%27s+company%3A+Imperial%2C+King%27s+join+UCL+in+%C2%A3700m+medical+project&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fstory.asp%3Fsectioncode%3D26%26storycode%3D415855%26c%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/our-people/award-winners/">"Introducing Imperial / Our people / Award winners"</a>. Imperial College London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Introducing+Imperial+%2F+Our+people+%2F+Award+winners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fintroducing-imperial%2Four-people%2Faward-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915014903/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/ImperialCollege/RoyalSchoolOfMines.aspx">"Royal School of Mines – Imperial College"</a>. architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/ImperialCollege/RoyalSchoolOfMines.aspx">the original</a> on 15 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=architecture.com&rft.atitle=Royal+School+of+Mines+%E2%80%93+Imperial+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecture.com%2FLibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs%2FAlbertopolis%2FTheStoryOf%2FImperialCollege%2FRoyalSchoolOfMines.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-15"><a href="#cite_ref-timeline_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/college-developments/">"A timeline of College developments"</a>. imperial.ac.uk. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301233401/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/college-developments/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imperial.ac.uk&rft.atitle=A+timeline+of+College+developments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fcollege-developments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallantyne2004" class="citation journal cs1">Ballantyne, John (August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079568">"St Mary's: the History of a London Teaching Hospital"</a>. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 97 (8): 405–406. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107680409700816">10.1177/014107680409700816</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-0768">0141-0768</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079568">1079568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=St+Mary%27s%3A+the+History+of+a+London+Teaching+Hospital&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E405-%3C%2Fspan%3E406&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1079568%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0141-0768&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F014107680409700816&rft.aulast=Ballantyne&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1079568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/charingcross.html">"Lost Hospitals of London"</a>. ezitis.myzen.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128180036/http://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/charingcross.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ezitis.myzen.co.uk&rft.atitle=Lost+Hospitals+of+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fezitis.myzen.co.uk%2Fcharingcross.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chr.org.uk/Museums/albertopolis2.htm">"Albertopolis – the wisdom of Prince Albert"</a>. chr.org.uk. Cultural Heritage Resources. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820071324/http://www.chr.org.uk/Museums/albertopolis2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chr.org.uk&rft.atitle=Albertopolis+%E2%80%93+the+wisdom+of+Prince+Albert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chr.org.uk%2FMuseums%2Falbertopolis2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol38/pp233-247#h2-0003">"Imperial College"</a>. british-history.ac.uk. British History Online. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=british-history.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Imperial+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fsurvey-london%2Fvol38%2Fpp233-247%23h2-0003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002170240/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/ImperialCollege/RoyalCollegeOfScience.aspx">"Royal College of Science ─ Imperial College"</a>. architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/ImperialCollege/RoyalCollegeOfScience.aspx">the original</a> on 2 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=architecture.com&rft.atitle=Royal+College+of+Science+%E2%94%80+Imperial+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecture.com%2FLibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs%2FAlbertopolis%2FTheStoryOf%2FImperialCollege%2FRoyalCollegeOfScience.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bWwKWnp9vaoC&pg=PA38">The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations</a>. Oxford University Press. 1992. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192800732" title="Special:BookSources/9780192800732"><bdi>9780192800732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Abbreviations&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780192800732&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbWwKWnp9vaoC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bh_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol38/pp233-247">Imperial College – Survey of London: Volume 38, South Kensington Museums Area</a>. London County Council. 1975. pp. 233–247. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609032825/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol38/pp233-247">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+%E2%80%93+Survey+of+London%3A+Volume+38%2C+South+Kensington+Museums+Area&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E233-%3C%2Fspan%3E247&rft.pub=London+County+Council&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fsurvey-london%2Fvol38%2Fpp233-247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=46MOAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA16">The Report of the Board of Education to the King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council for the Year 1905–1906</a>. HMSO. 1906. pp. 16–17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726152512/https://books.google.com/books?id=46MOAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Report+of+the+Board+of+Education+to+the+King%27s+Most+Excellent+Majesty+in+Council+for+the+Year+1905%E2%80%931906&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1906&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D46MOAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paper-doi-10_1038_076056a0">"Imperial College of Science and Technology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. 76 (1959): 56–57. 16 May 1907. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1907Natur..76...56.">1907Natur..76...56.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F076056a0">10.1038/076056a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1959&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1907-05-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F076056a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1907Natur..76...56.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpaper-doi-10_1038_076056a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UoLHistRec-25"><a href="#cite_ref-UoLHistRec_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyPiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA85">University of London, the Historical Record</a>. University of London Press. 1912. p. 85. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726152513/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyPiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA85#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=University+of+London%2C+the+Historical+Record&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=University+of+London+Press&rft.date=1912&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvyPiAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-1643261/page/n1">"The London Imperial College of Science and Technology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>. XLIX (1261): 209–210. 28 February 1919. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1919Sci....49..209.">1919Sci....49..209.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.49.1261.209">10.1126/science.49.1261.209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+London+Imperial+College+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.volume=XLIX&rft.issue=1261&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E209-%3C%2Fspan%3E210&rft.date=1919-02-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.49.1261.209&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1919Sci....49..209.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjstor-1643261%2Fpage%2Fn1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paper-doi-10_1038_105173a0/page/n1">"The Imperial College of Science and Technology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. 105 (2632): 173–175. 16 May 1907. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F105173a0">10.1038/105173a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+Imperial+College+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2632&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E175&rft.date=1907-05-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F105173a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpaper-doi-10_1038_105173a0%2Fpage%2Fn1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1920.shtml#college">"Imperial College 1920–1929"</a>. Imperial College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129062150/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1920.shtml#college">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+1920%E2%80%931929&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fcentenary%2Ftimeline%2F1920.shtml%23college&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1940.shtml#college">"Imperial College 1940–1949"</a>. Imperial College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114130821/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1940.shtml#college">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+1940%E2%80%931949&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fcentenary%2Ftimeline%2F1940.shtml%23college&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/188666/imperial-celebrates-newest-graduates-commemoration-day/">"Imperial celebrates its newest graduates at Commemoration Day 2018"</a>. Imperial College. 17 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122044448/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/188666/imperial-celebrates-newest-graduates-commemoration-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+celebrates+its+newest+graduates+at+Commemoration+Day+2018&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft.date=2018-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F188666%2Fimperial-celebrates-newest-graduates-commemoration-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay2007" class="citation book cs1">Gay, Hannah (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2BpqDQAAQBAJ&q=silwood+park+1947&pg=PA760">The History of Imperial College London, 1907–2007: Higher Education and Research in Science, Technology, and Medicine</a>. World Scientific. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860947087" title="Special:BookSources/9781860947087"><bdi>9781860947087</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726152708/https://books.google.com/books?id=2BpqDQAAQBAJ&q=silwood+park+1947&pg=PA760#v=snippet&q=silwood%20park%201947&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Imperial+College+London%2C+1907%E2%80%932007%3A+Higher+Education+and+Research+in+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781860947087&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2BpqDQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsilwood%2Bpark%2B1947%26pg%3DPA760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bocock-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bocock_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bocock_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_BocockLewis_BastonPeter_ScottDavid_Smith2003" class="citation journal cs1">Jean Bocock; Lewis Baston; Peter Scott; David Smith (2003). "American influence on British higher education: science, technology, and the problem of university expansion, 1945–1963". Minerva. 41 (4): 327–346. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3AMINE.0000005154.25610.b2">10.1023/B:MINE.0000005154.25610.b2</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41821255">41821255</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143347639">143347639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minerva&rft.atitle=American+influence+on+British+higher+education%3A+science%2C+technology%2C+and+the+problem+of+university+expansion%2C+1945%E2%80%931963&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E327-%3C%2Fspan%3E346&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143347639%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41821255%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3AMINE.0000005154.25610.b2&rft.au=Jean+Bocock&rft.au=Lewis+Baston&rft.au=Peter+Scott&rft.au=David+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Shattock2012" class="citation book cs1">Michael Shattock (1 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qCRFBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Making Policy in British Higher Education 1945-2011</a>. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780335241873" title="Special:BookSources/9780335241873"><bdi>9780335241873</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726152515/https://books.google.com/books?id=qCRFBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Policy+in+British+Higher+Education+1945-2011&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education+%28UK%29&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.isbn=9780335241873&rft.au=Michael+Shattock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqCRFBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1952-06-11/debates/ffbd1622-6f13-4927-9e07-7dec170ee574/HigherTechnologicalEducation(GovernmentPolicy)">"Higher Technological Education (Government Policy)"</a>. Hansard. 11 June 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223748/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1952-06-11/debates/ffbd1622-6f13-4927-9e07-7dec170ee574/HigherTechnologicalEducation(GovernmentPolicy)">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hansard&rft.atitle=Higher+Technological+Education+%28Government+Policy%29&rft.date=1952-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FCommons%2F1952-06-11%2Fdebates%2Fffbd1622-6f13-4927-9e07-7dec170ee574%2FHigherTechnologicalEducation%28GovernmentPolicy%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Boyd-Carpenter1953" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd-Carpenter" class="mw-redirect" title="John Boyd-Carpenter">John Boyd-Carpenter</a> (29 January 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1953-01-29/debates/efdd76ab-4f52-47cc-b094-66f297bb6980/ImperialCollegeOfScienceAndTechnology(Expansion)">"Imperial College of Science And Technology (Expansion)"</a>. Hansard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609094017/https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1953-01-29/debates/efdd76ab-4f52-47cc-b094-66f297bb6980/ImperialCollegeOfScienceAndTechnology(Expansion)">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hansard&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+of+Science+And+Technology+%28Expansion%29&rft.date=1953-01-29&rft.au=John+Boyd-Carpenter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2Fcommons%2F1953-01-29%2Fdebates%2Fefdd76ab-4f52-47cc-b094-66f297bb6980%2FImperialCollegeOfScienceAndTechnology%28Expansion%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VCH-36"><a href="#cite_ref-VCH_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol1/pp345-359#h3-0004">The Imperial College of Science and Technology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_County_History" title="Victoria County History">Victoria County History</a>. 1969. pp. 345–359. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419073934/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol1/pp345-359#h3-0004">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+College+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E345-%3C%2Fspan%3E359&rft.pub=Victoria+County+History&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Fmiddx%2Fvol1%2Fpp345-359%23h3-0004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/queens-tower/">"The Queen's Tower"</a>. Imperial College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223175214/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/queens-tower/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+Tower&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fqueens-tower%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001135/http://www.wolfson.org.uk/media/2411/wf_sixty-years-of-philanthropy.pdf">"The Wolfson Foundation 1955–2015: Sixty Years of Philanthropy"</a> (PDF). The Wolfson Foundation. 2015. pp. 29, 57. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolfson.org.uk/media/2411/wf_sixty-years-of-philanthropy.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wolfson+Foundation+1955%E2%80%932015%3A+Sixty+Years+of+Philanthropy&rft.pages=29%2C+57&rft.pub=The+Wolfson+Foundation&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolfson.org.uk%2Fmedia%2F2411%2Fwf_sixty-years-of-philanthropy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1960s-39"><a href="#cite_ref-1960s_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1960.shtml">"Imperial College – Centenary website – Timeline – 1960–1969"</a>. imperial.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204190205/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1960.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imperial.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+%E2%80%93+Centenary+website+%E2%80%93+Timeline+%E2%80%93+1960%E2%80%931969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fcentenary%2Ftimeline%2F1960.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-charternote-40"><a href="#cite_ref-charternote_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/administration-and-support-services/secretariat/public/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-regulations/charters-and-statutes/CHARTER---July-2007--(Rev--Nov-2014).pdf">"Charter and Statutes"</a> (PDF). Imperial College. Explanatory note. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113034447/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/administration-and-support-services/secretariat/public/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-regulations/charters-and-statutes/CHARTER---July-2007--(Rev--Nov-2014).pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charter+and+Statutes&rft.pages=Explanatory+note&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2Fimperial-college%2Fadministration-and-support-services%2Fsecretariat%2Fpublic%2Fcollege-governance%2Fcharters-statutes-ordinances-regulations%2Fcharters-and-statutes%2FCHARTER---July-2007--%28Rev--Nov-2014%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/publications/reporterarchive/0048/news01.htm">"WEST LONDON MEDICINE – PAST AND FUTURE"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625022000/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/publications/reporterarchive/0048/news01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=WEST+LONDON+MEDICINE+%E2%80%93+PAST+AND+FUTURE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fpublications%2Freporterarchive%2F0048%2Fnews01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_timeline_of_College_Developments2-42"><a href="#cite_ref-A_timeline_of_College_Developments2_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/college-developments/">"A timeline of College Developments"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301233401/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/college-developments/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=A+timeline+of+College+Developments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fcollege-developments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_20-8-2008-11-23-23?newsid=42715">"New identity for Imperial College Business School"</a>. Imperial College London. 20 August 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185821/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_20-8-2008-11-23-23?newsid=42715">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+identity+for+Imperial+College+Business+School&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft.date=2008-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnewsandeventspggrp%2Fimperialcollege%2Fnewssummary%2Fnews_20-8-2008-11-23-23%3Fnewsid%3D42715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.ac.uk/P7134.htm">"Imperial College London – Imperial College London to begin negotiations to withdraw from the University of London"</a>. Imperial.ac.uk. 9 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090611132306/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/P7134.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+London+%E2%80%93+Imperial+College+London+to+begin+negotiations+to+withdraw+from+the+University+of+London&rft.pub=Imperial.ac.uk&rft.date=2005-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2FP7134.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuardSplit-45"><a href="#cite_ref-GuardSplit_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/oct/05/highereducation.administration">"Imperial College splits from University of London"</a>. The Guardian. 5 October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208073605/http://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/oct/05/highereducation.administration">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+splits+from+University+of+London&rft.date=2006-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2006%2Foct%2F05%2Fhighereducation.administration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611055656/http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~wongls/icaas-web/news/stnews-2jan06/index.html">"Imperial College top choice for Singaporean students"</a>. Comp.nus.edu.sg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~wongls/icaas-web/news/stnews-2jan06/index.html">the original</a> on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+top+choice+for+Singaporean+students&rft.pub=Comp.nus.edu.sg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comp.nus.edu.sg%2F~wongls%2Ficaas-web%2Fnews%2Fstnews-2jan06%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210104621/http://www.london.ac.uk/495.html">"University of London: Updated position statement re: Imperial College London"</a>. London.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london.ac.uk/495.html">the original</a> on 10 December 2006. Retrieved 16 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+London%3A+Updated+position+statement+re%3A+Imperial+College+London&rft.pub=London.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.london.ac.uk%2F495.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhiteCity-48"><a href="#cite_ref-WhiteCity_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/175572/imperial-launches-innovation-white-city/">"Imperial launches its new hub for innovation at White City"</a>. Imperial News. Imperial College London. 28 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190316011913/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/175572/imperial-launches-innovation-white-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+News&rft.atitle=Imperial+launches+its+new+hub+for+innovation+at+White+City&rft.date=2016-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F175572%2Fimperial-launches-innovation-white-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Djaba-2018-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Djaba-2018_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDjaba" class="citation web cs1">Djaba, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201000810/http://felixonline.co.uk/articles/2018-11-30-white-city-woes/">"White City Woes"</a>. felixonline.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://felixonline.co.uk/articles/2018-11-30-white-city-woes/">the original</a> on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=felixonline.co.uk&rft.atitle=White+City+Woes&rft.aulast=Djaba&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffelixonline.co.uk%2Farticles%2F2018-11-30-white-city-woes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/imperial-college-london-to-review-procedures-after-death-of-academic/2017188.article">"Imperial College London to 'review procedures' after death of academic"</a>. 27 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141203204424/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/imperial-college-london-to-review-procedures-after-death-of-academic/2017188.article">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+London+to+%27review+procedures%27+after+death+of+academic&rft.date=2014-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fimperial-college-london-to-review-procedures-after-death-of-academic%2F2017188.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blog-51"><a href="#cite_ref-blog_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcscience.net/2014/12/01/publish-and-perish-at-imperial-college-london-the-death-of-stefan-grimm">"Publish and perish at Imperial College London: the death of Stefan Grimm"</a>. December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141203150543/http://www.dcscience.net/2014/12/01/publish-and-perish-at-imperial-college-london-the-death-of-stefan-grimm/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publish+and+perish+at+Imperial+College+London%3A+the+death+of+Stefan+Grimm&rft.date=2014-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcscience.net%2F2014%2F12%2F01%2Fpublish-and-perish-at-imperial-college-london-the-death-of-stefan-grimm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/imperial-college-professor-stefan-grimm-was-given-grant-income-target/2017369.article">"Imperial College professor Stefan Grimm 'was given grant income target'"</a>. 3 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141208073000/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/imperial-college-professor-stefan-grimm-was-given-grant-income-target/2017369.article">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+professor+Stefan+Grimm+%27was+given+grant+income+target%27&rft.date=2014-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fimperial-college-professor-stefan-grimm-was-given-grant-income-target%2F2017369.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/stefan-grimm-inquest-new-policies-may-not-have-prevented-suicide/2019563.article">"Stefan Grimm inquest: new policies may not have prevented suicide"</a>. Times Higher Education (THE). 9 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614124855/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/stefan-grimm-inquest-new-policies-may-not-have-prevented-suicide/2019563.article">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=Stefan+Grimm+inquest%3A+new+policies+may+not+have+prevented+suicide&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Fstefan-grimm-inquest-new-policies-may-not-have-prevented-suicide%2F2019563.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/white-city-campus/about/vision-and-strategy/">"White City Campus"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812141016/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/white-city-campus/about/vision-and-strategy/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+City+Campus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fwhite-city-campus%2Fabout%2Fvision-and-strategy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2014" class="citation cs2">Barrett, Claer (5 August 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/b6317348-1c96-11e4-98d8-00144feabdc0,Authorised=false.html?siteedition=uk&_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fb6317348-1c96-11e4-98d8-00144feabdc0.html%3Fsiteedition%3Duk&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app">"Imperial unveils details of £3bn campus extension"</a>, Financial Times, London, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817004443/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/b6317348-1c96-11e4-98d8-00144feabdc0,Authorised=false.html?siteedition=uk&_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fb6317348-1c96-11e4-98d8-00144feabdc0.html%3Fsiteedition%3Duk&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app">archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2016, retrieved 26 July 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Imperial+unveils+details+of+%C2%A33bn+campus+extension&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Claer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2Fb6317348-1c96-11e4-98d8-00144feabdc0%2CAuthorised%3Dfalse.html%3Fsiteedition%3Duk%26_i_location%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ft.com%252Fcms%252Fs%252F0%252Fb6317348-1c96-11e4-98d8-00144feabdc0.html%253Fsiteedition%253Duk%26_i_referer%3D%26classification%3Dconditional_standard%26iab%3Dbarrier-app&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/business/novartis-joins-rush-of-science-companies-moving-to-white-city-a4002746.html">"Novartis joins rush of science companies moving to White City"</a>. Evening Standard. London. 28 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171937/https://www.standard.co.uk/business/novartis-joins-rush-of-science-companies-moving-to-white-city-a4002746.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Novartis+joins+rush+of+science+companies+moving+to+White+City&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fnovartis-joins-rush-of-science-companies-moving-to-white-city-a4002746.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFyles" class="citation web cs1">Fyles, Fred S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220200/http://felixonline.co.uk/articles/2017-11-03-college-reaches-out-to-white-city-community-with-invention-rooms/">"College reaches out to White City community with Invention Rooms"</a>. felixonline.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://felixonline.co.uk/articles/2017-11-03-college-reaches-out-to-white-city-community-with-invention-rooms/">the original</a> on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=felixonline.co.uk&rft.atitle=College+reaches+out+to+White+City+community+with+Invention+Rooms&rft.aulast=Fyles&rft.aufirst=Fred+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffelixonline.co.uk%2Farticles%2F2017-11-03-college-reaches-out-to-white-city-community-with-invention-rooms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/09/17/sir-michael-uren-engineer-poured-vast-sums-charitable-projects/">"Sir Michael Uren, engineer who poured vast sums into charitable projects from a fortune built on recycling steel-industry slag – obituary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. London. 17 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200531232959/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/09/17/sir-michael-uren-engineer-poured-vast-sums-charitable-projects/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sir+Michael+Uren%2C+engineer+who+poured+vast+sums+into+charitable+projects+from+a+fortune+built+on+recycling+steel-industry+slag+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fobituaries%2F2019%2F09%2F17%2Fsir-michael-uren-engineer-poured-vast-sums-charitable-projects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/articles/news/2018/07/open-cell-launches-affordable-biotech-hub-shepherds-bush">"Open Cell launches affordable biotech hub in Shepherds Bush"</a>. Hammersmith & Fulham Council. 31 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227172631/https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/articles/news/2018/07/open-cell-launches-affordable-biotech-hub-shepherds-bush">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hammersmith+%26+Fulham+Council&rft.atitle=Open+Cell+launches+affordable+biotech+hub+in+Shepherds+Bush&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbhf.gov.uk%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F2018%2F07%2Fopen-cell-launches-affordable-biotech-hub-shepherds-bush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/thinkspace/partners-and-services/imperial-white-city-incubator/">"Imperial White City Incubator"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227172634/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/thinkspace/partners-and-services/imperial-white-city-incubator/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Imperial+White+City+Incubator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fthinkspace%2Fpartners-and-services%2Fimperial-white-city-incubator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/library/use-the-library/our-libraries/st-marys-fleming-library/">"St Mary's Fleming Library"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226233134/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/library/use-the-library/our-libraries/st-marys-fleming-library/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Mary%27s+Fleming+Library&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fadmin-services%2Flibrary%2Fuse-the-library%2Four-libraries%2Fst-marys-fleming-library%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/Faculties-and-departments/">"Faculties and departments"</a>. Imperial College London. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculties+and+departments&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2FFaculties-and-departments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/multidisciplinary-research/">"Multidisciplinary networks, centres and institutes"</a>. Imperial College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318204613/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/multidisciplinary-research/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College&rft.atitle=Multidisciplinary+networks%2C+centres+and+institutes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fmultidisciplinary-research%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.ac.uk/evening-classes">"Evening classes and lunchtime learning"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902080224/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/evening-classes">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Evening+classes+and+lunchtime+learning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fevening-classes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-council-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-council_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-council_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/university-governance-and-key-documents/governance-structure/council/composition/">"Composition and Membership"</a>. Imperial. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial&rft.atitle=Composition+and+Membership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fadmin-services%2Fsecretariat%2Funiversity-governance-and-key-documents%2Fgovernance-structure%2Fcouncil%2Fcomposition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/administration-and-support-services/secretariat/public/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-regulations/charters-and-statutes/Charter-and-Statutes-13-December-2023.pdf">"Charter and Statutes"</a> (PDF). Imperial. 13 December 2023. 3. THE COUNCIL (1) Membership of the Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial&rft.atitle=Charter+and+Statutes&rft.pages=3.+THE+COUNCIL+%281%29+Membership+of+the+Council&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2Fimperial-college%2Fadministration-and-support-services%2Fsecretariat%2Fpublic%2Fcollege-governance%2Fcharters-statutes-ordinances-regulations%2Fcharters-and-statutes%2FCharter-and-Statutes-13-December-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081117104619/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/aboutimperial/imperial_people/pastrectors">Past Rectors</a>, Imperial College London, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/aboutimperial/imperial_people/pastrectors">the original</a> on 17 November 2008, retrieved 21 March 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Past+Rectors&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.imperial.ac.uk%2Faboutimperial%2Fimperial_people%2Fpastrectors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/leadership-and-strategy/president/">"President Hugh Brady"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716184834/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/leadership-and-strategy/president/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=President+Hugh+Brady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fleadership-and-strategy%2Fpresident%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AR2020-21-69"><a href="#cite_ref-AR2020-21_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/finance/annual-report/archive/annual-reports-and-accounts-2020-21/financial-review/income/">"Annual Report and Accounts 2020–21"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301215558/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/finance/annual-report/archive/annual-reports-and-accounts-2020-21/financial-review/income/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+and+Accounts+2020%E2%80%9321&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Ffinance%2Fannual-report%2Farchive%2Fannual-reports-and-accounts-2020-21%2Ffinancial-review%2Fincome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Imperial_College_and_'M.I.T.'-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Imperial_College_and_'M.I.T.'_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Imperial_College_and_'M.I.T.'_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F153104b0">"Imperial College and 'M.I.T.'"</a>. Nature. 153 (3873): 104. 1 January 1944. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1944Natur.153R.104.">1944Natur.153R.104.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F153104b0">10.1038/153104b0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+and+%27M.I.T.%27&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=3873&rft.pages=104&rft.date=1944-01-01&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F153104b0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1944Natur.153R.104.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F153104b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MIT_News-2018-71"><a href="#cite_ref-MIT_News-2018_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mit.edu/2018/mit-expands-multi-departmental-partnership-imperial-college-london-0222">"MIT expands partnership with Imperial College London"</a>. MIT News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403140900/http://news.mit.edu/2018/mit-expands-multi-departmental-partnership-imperial-college-london-0222">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+News&rft.atitle=MIT+expands+partnership+with+Imperial+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mit.edu%2F2018%2Fmit-expands-multi-departmental-partnership-imperial-college-london-0222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Imperial_News-2018-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Imperial_News-2018_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/185057/mit-imperial-launch-unparalleled-student-exchange/">"MIT and Imperial launch 'unparalleled' student exchange"</a>. Imperial News. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322081856/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/185057/mit-imperial-launch-unparalleled-student-exchange/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Imperial+News&rft.atitle=MIT+and+Imperial+launch+%27unparalleled%27+student+exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F185057%2Fmit-imperial-launch-unparalleled-student-exchange%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimesHE-2022-73"><a href="#cite_ref-TimesHE-2022_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced">"REF 2021: Quality ratings hit new high in expanded assessment"</a>. Times Higher Education (THE). 12 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231123104719/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=REF+2021%3A+Quality+ratings+hit+new+high+in+expanded+assessment&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Fref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160731103858/http://www.imperialinnovations.co.uk/about/background/">"Background to the Group – Imperial Innovations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperialinnovations.co.uk/about/background/">the original</a> on 31 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+to+the+Group+%E2%80%93+Imperial+Innovations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperialinnovations.co.uk%2Fabout%2Fbackground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820074154/https://www.thememo.com/2015/11/30/imperial-innovations-imperial-college-turning-innovation-into-cash/">"How Imperial College is turning innovation into cash"</a>. 30 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thememo.com/2015/11/30/imperial-innovations-imperial-college-turning-innovation-into-cash/">the original</a> on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Imperial+College+is+turning+innovation+into+cash&rft.date=2015-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thememo.com%2F2015%2F11%2F30%2Fimperial-innovations-imperial-college-turning-innovation-into-cash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoff2013" class="citation book cs1">Goff, David (8 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5UtHAQAAQBAJ&q=imperial+college+invention+optic+fiber&pg=PA22">Fiber Optic Video Transmission: The Complete Guide</a>. CRC Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-02490-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-02490-0"><bdi>978-1-136-02490-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fiber+Optic+Video+Transmission%3A+The+Complete+Guide&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft.isbn=978-1-136-02490-0&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5UtHAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dimperial%2Bcollege%2Binvention%2Boptic%2Bfiber%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSara_West2023" class="citation web cs1">Sara West (2 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/249193/fibre-optics-pioneer-celebrated-with-portrait/">"Fibre optics pioneer celebrated with portrait unveiling"</a>. Imperial.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial&rft.atitle=Fibre+optics+pioneer+celebrated+with+portrait+unveiling&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft.au=Sara+West&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F249193%2Ffibre-optics-pioneer-celebrated-with-portrait%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/global-imperial/usa-and-canada/">"USA and Canada | About"</a>. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219163022/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/global-imperial/usa-and-canada/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USA+and+Canada+%7C+About&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fintroducing-imperial%2Fglobal-imperial%2Fusa-and-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517223520/http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/3049.htm">"Imperial College London and CNRS create joint laboratory to bring world's best mathematicians together"</a>. Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Press release). 15 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/3049.htm">the original</a> on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+London+and+CNRS+create+joint+laboratory+to+bring+world%27s+best+mathematicians+together&rft.date=2018-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.cnrs.fr%2Fen%2F3049.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526102426/https://crukimperialcentre.co.uk/">"CRUK Imperial Center Website"</a>. CRUK Imperial Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crukimperialcentre.co.uk/">the original</a> on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CRUK+Imperial+Center+Website&rft.pub=CRUK+Imperial+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrukimperialcentre.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/188531/joe-biden-delivers-inaugural-cancer-research/">"Joe Biden delivers inaugural cancer research lecture at Imperial"</a>. Imperial News (Press release). Imperial College London. 10 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118032625/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/188531/joe-biden-delivers-inaugural-cancer-research/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joe+Biden+delivers+inaugural+cancer+research+lecture+at+Imperial&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft.date=2018-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F188531%2Fjoe-biden-delivers-inaugural-cancer-research%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imperialcollege_Ferguson_etal_20200316-82"><a href="#cite_ref-imperialcollege_Ferguson_etal_20200316_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusonLaydonNedjati-GilaniImai2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ferguson, Neil M; Laydon, Daniel; Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma; Imai, Natsuko; Ainslie, Kylie; Baguelin, Marc; Bhatia, Sangeeta; Boonyasiri, Adhiratha; Cucunubá, Zulma; Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina; Dighe, Amy; Fu, Han; Gaythorpe, Katy; Thompson, Hayley; Verity, Robert; Volz, Erik; Wang, Haowei; Wang, Yuanrong; Walker, Patrick GT; Walters, Caroline; Winskill, Peter; Whittaker, Charles; Donnelly, Christl A; Riley, Steven; Ghani, Azra C (16 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf">"Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand"</a> (PDF). Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine: 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316223332/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+of+Science%2C+Technology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Impact+of+non-pharmaceutical+interventions+%28NPIs%29+to+reduce+COVID-19+mortality+and+healthcare+demand&rft.pages=20&rft.date=2020-03-16&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Neil+M&rft.au=Laydon%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Nedjati-Gilani%2C+Gemma&rft.au=Imai%2C+Natsuko&rft.au=Ainslie%2C+Kylie&rft.au=Baguelin%2C+Marc&rft.au=Bhatia%2C+Sangeeta&rft.au=Boonyasiri%2C+Adhiratha&rft.au=Cucunub%C3%A1%2C+Zulma&rft.au=Cuomo-Dannenburg%2C+Gina&rft.au=Dighe%2C+Amy&rft.au=Fu%2C+Han&rft.au=Gaythorpe%2C+Katy&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Hayley&rft.au=Verity%2C+Robert&rft.au=Volz%2C+Erik&rft.au=Wang%2C+Haowei&rft.au=Wang%2C+Yuanrong&rft.au=Walker%2C+Patrick+GT&rft.au=Walters%2C+Caroline&rft.au=Winskill%2C+Peter&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+Charles&rft.au=Donnelly%2C+Christl+A&rft.au=Riley%2C+Steven&rft.au=Ghani%2C+Azra+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2Fimperial-college%2Fmedicine%2Fsph%2Fide%2Fgida-fellowships%2FImperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_Landler_20200317-83"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_Landler_20200317_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandlerCastle2020" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark; Castle, Stephen (17 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/europe/coronavirus-imperial-college-johnson.html">"Behind the Virus Report That Jarred the U.S. and the U.K. to Action – The New York Times"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414223140/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/europe/coronavirus-imperial-college-johnson.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Virus+Report+That+Jarred+the+U.S.+and+the+U.K.+to+Action+%E2%80%93+The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Castle%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F17%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcoronavirus-imperial-college-johnson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_york_state-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new_york_state_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-new_york_state_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-state-bringing-international-experts">"Amid Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, Governor Cuomo Announces State is Bringing in International Experts to Help Advise the State's Reopening Plan"</a>. New York State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520081800/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-state-bringing-international-experts">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State&rft.atitle=Amid+Ongoing+COVID-19+Pandemic%2C+Governor+Cuomo+Announces+State+is+Bringing+in+International+Experts+to+Help+Advise+the+State%27s+Reopening+Plan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.governor.ny.gov%2Fnews%2Famid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-state-bringing-international-experts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCASEoC-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCASEoC_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCASEoC_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucas.com/data-and-analysis/undergraduate-statistics-and-reports/ucas-undergraduate-end-cycle-data-resources-2024">"UCAS Undergraduate Sector-Level End of Cycle Data Resources 2024"</a>. ucas.com. UCAS. December 2024. Show me... Domicile by Provider. Retrieved 7 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ucas.com&rft.atitle=UCAS+Undergraduate+Sector-Level+End+of+Cycle+Data+Resources+2024&rft.pages=Show+me...+Domicile+by+Provider&rft.date=2024-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucas.com%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fundergraduate-statistics-and-reports%2Fucas-undergraduate-end-cycle-data-resources-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCAS_Offer_Rate-88"><a href="#cite_ref-UCAS_Offer_Rate_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucas.com/data-and-analysis/undergraduate-statistics-and-reports/ucas-undergraduate-end-cycle-data-resources-2024/2024-entry-ucas-undergraduate-reports-sex-area-background-and-ethnic-group">"2024 entry UCAS Undergraduate reports by sex, area background, and ethnic group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UCAS" title="UCAS">UCAS</a>. 7 February 2025. Retrieved 7 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+entry+UCAS+Undergraduate+reports+by+sex%2C+area+background%2C+and+ethnic+group&rft.pub=UCAS&rft.date=2025-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucas.com%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fundergraduate-statistics-and-reports%2Fucas-undergraduate-end-cycle-data-resources-2024%2F2024-entry-ucas-undergraduate-reports-sex-area-background-and-ethnic-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CUG_Entry-89"><a href="#cite_ref-CUG_Entry_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings?tabletype=full-table&sortby=entry-standards">"University League Tables entry standards 2025"</a>. The Complete University Guide. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Complete+University+Guide&rft.atitle=University+League+Tables+entry+standards+2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk%2Fleague-tables%2Frankings%3Ftabletype%3Dfull-table%26sortby%3Dentry-standards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study#provider">"Where do HE students study?: Students by HE provider"</a>. HESA. HE student enrolments by HE provider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104163711/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study#provider">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HESA&rft.atitle=Where+do+HE+students+study%3F%3A+Students+by+HE+provider&rft.pages=HE+student+enrolments+by+HE+provider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhere-study%23provider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESA_ethnicity-91"><a href="#cite_ref-HESA_ethnicity_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/whos-in-he/characteristics">"Who's studying in HE?: Personal characteristics"</a>. HESA. 31 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210004129/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/whos-in-he/characteristics">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who%27s+studying+in+HE%3F%3A+Personal+characteristics&rft.pub=HESA&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhos-in-he%2Fcharacteristics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/performance-indicators/widening-participation">"Widening participation: UK Performance Indicators: Table T2a – Participation of under-represented groups in higher education"</a>. Higher Education Statistics Authority. hesa.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206041422/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/performance-indicators/widening-participation">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Higher+Education+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=Widening+participation%3A+UK+Performance+Indicators%3A+Table+T2a+%E2%80%93+Participation+of+under-represented+groups+in+higher+education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fperformance-indicators%2Fwidening-participation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times23-94"><a href="#cite_ref-Times23_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/good-university-guide-in-full-tp6dzs7wn">"Good University Guide: Social Inclusion Ranking"</a>. The Times. 16 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222124044/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/good-university-guide-in-full-tp6dzs7wn">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Good+University+Guide%3A+Social+Inclusion+Ranking&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fgood-university-guide-in-full-tp6dzs7wn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14b-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14b_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14b_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14b_96-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/administration-and-support-services/planning/public/statistics-guides/Stats-Card-2021-22---FINAL.pdf">"Statistics Guide 2021–22"</a> (PDF). Imperial College London. 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Statistics+Guide+2021%E2%80%9322&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2Fimperial-college%2Fadministration-and-support-services%2Fplanning%2Fpublic%2Fstatistics-guides%2FStats-Card-2021-22---FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331190103/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/03/11/cambridge-to-scrap-state-school-targets/">"Cambridge to scrap 'unjust' state school targets"</a>. The Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/03/11/cambridge-to-scrap-state-school-targets/">the original</a> on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Cambridge+to+scrap+%27unjust%27+state+school+targets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2024%2F03%2F11%2Fcambridge-to-scrap-state-school-targets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimesHE-2018-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TimesHE-2018_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TimesHE-2018_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/most-international-universities-world-2018">"Most international universities in the world 2018: top 200"</a>. Times Higher Education (THE). 14 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125626/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/most-international-universities-world-2018">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=Most+international+universities+in+the+world+2018%3A+top+200&rft.date=2018-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fstudent%2Fbest-universities%2Fmost-international-universities-world-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESA-2016-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESA-2016_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESA-2016_99-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/01-02-2018/widening-participation-tables">"Widening participation: UK Performance Indicators 2016/17"</a>. hesa.ac.uk. Higher Education Statistics Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002143/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/01-02-2018/widening-participation-tables">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hesa.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Widening+participation%3A+UK+Performance+Indicators+2016%2F17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F01-02-2018%2Fwidening-participation-tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/worlds-most-international-universities-2017">"The World's Most International Universities 2017"</a>. Times Higher Education (THE). 1 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310191156/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/worlds-most-international-universities-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Most+International+Universities+2017&rft.date=2017-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Ffeatures%2Fworlds-most-international-universities-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESA-2018-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESA-2018_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESA-2018_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study#provider">"Where do HE students study?"</a>. hesa.ac.uk. Higher Education Statistics Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104163711/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study#provider">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hesa.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Where+do+HE+students+study%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhere-study%23provider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/140906/science-museum-library-closes-prepare-research/">"Science Museum Library closes to prepare for new research centre"</a>. Imperial News. Imperial College London. 24 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225080900/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/140906/science-museum-library-closes-prepare-research/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+News&rft.atitle=Science+Museum+Library+closes+to+prepare+for+new+research+centre&rft.date=2014-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F140906%2Fscience-museum-library-closes-prepare-research%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/library/use-the-library/our-libraries/">"Our libraries"</a>. imperial.ac.uk. Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225080904/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/library/use-the-library/our-libraries/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imperial.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Our+libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fadmin-services%2Flibrary%2Fuse-the-library%2Four-libraries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151202094802/http://www.imperial.nhs.uk/aboutus/index.htm">"About us – Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Internet"</a>. Imperial.nhs.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.nhs.uk/aboutus/index.htm">the original</a> on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us+%E2%80%93+Imperial+College+Healthcare+NHS+Trust+Internet&rft.pub=Imperial.nhs.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.nhs.uk%2Faboutus%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-annrep201213-105"><a href="#cite_ref-annrep201213_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222133347/http://www.imperial.nhs.uk/prdcons/groups/public/@corporate/@communications/documents/doc/id_040038.pdf">"Annual Report 2012/13"</a> (PDF). Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.nhs.uk/prdcons/groups/public/@corporate/@communications/documents/doc/id_040038.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2012%2F13&rft.pub=Imperial+College+Healthcare+NHS+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.nhs.uk%2Fprdcons%2Fgroups%2Fpublic%2F%40corporate%2F%40communications%2Fdocuments%2Fdoc%2Fid_040038.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706070615/http://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/foundationtrust/members_council/meetTheCouncil.html">"Meet the Council"</a>. Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/foundationtrust/members_council/meetTheCouncil.html">the original</a> on 6 July 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Council&rft.pub=Chelsea+and+Westminster+NHS+Foundation+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chelwest.nhs.uk%2Ffoundationtrust%2Fmembers_council%2FmeetTheCouncil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Complete_League_Table-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Complete_League_Table_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings">"Complete University Guide 2025"</a>. The Complete University Guide. 14 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complete+University+Guide+2025&rft.pub=The+Complete+University+Guide&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk%2Fleague-tables%2Frankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-108"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_University_Guide_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/ng-interactive/2024/sep/07/the-guardian-university-guide-2025-the-rankings">"Guardian University Guide 2025"</a>. The Guardian. 7 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guardian+University+Guide+2025&rft.date=2024-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Fng-interactive%2F2024%2Fsep%2F07%2Fthe-guardian-university-guide-2025-the-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-109"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/uk-university-rankings/league-table">"Good University Guide 2025"</a>. The Times. 20 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Good+University+Guide+2025&rft.date=2024-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Fuk-university-rankings%2Fleague-table&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2024">"Academic Ranking of World Universities 2024"</a>. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2024&rft.pub=Shanghai+Ranking+Consultancy&rft.date=2024-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Frankings%2Farwu%2F2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-111"><a href="#cite_ref-QS_World_University_Rankings_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings">"QS World University Rankings 2025"</a>. Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. 4 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings+2025&rft.pub=Quacquarelli+Symonds+Ltd.&rft.date=2024-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fworld-university-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-112"><a href="#cite_ref-THE_World_University_Rankings_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2025/world-ranking">"THE World University Rankings 2025"</a>. Times Higher Education. 9 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+World+University+Rankings+2025&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education&rft.date=2024-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2025%2Fworld-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Finn2015" class="citation book cs1">M. Finn (20 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xwm4BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT100">The Gove Legacy: Education in Britain after the Coalition</a>. Springer. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49151-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49151-0"><bdi>978-1-137-49151-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023230357/https://books.google.com/books?id=xwm4BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT100">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gove+Legacy%3A+Education+in+Britain+after+the+Coalition&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015-02-20&rft.isbn=978-1-137-49151-0&rft.au=M.+Finn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxwm4BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaire_MaxwellUlrike_DeppeHeinz-Hermann_KrügerWerner_Helsper2017" class="citation book cs1">Claire Maxwell; Ulrike Deppe; Heinz-Hermann Krüger; Werner Helsper (26 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_5o3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85">Elite Education and Internationalisation: From the Early Years to Higher Education</a>. Springer. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-59966-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-59966-3"><bdi>978-3-319-59966-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elite+Education+and+Internationalisation%3A+From+the+Early+Years+to+Higher+Education&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.isbn=978-3-319-59966-3&rft.au=Claire+Maxwell&rft.au=Ulrike+Deppe&rft.au=Heinz-Hermann+Kr%C3%BCger&rft.au=Werner+Helsper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_5o3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Barry2005" class="citation book cs1">Brian Barry (4 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Y3VgA9Kr5cC&pg=PA62">Why Social Justice Matters</a>. Polity. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-2992-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-2992-6"><bdi>978-0-7456-2992-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240627200243/https://books.google.com/books?id=9Y3VgA9Kr5cC&pg=PA62">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Social+Justice+Matters&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2005-03-04&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-2992-6&rft.au=Brian+Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Y3VgA9Kr5cC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_116-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2022" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Rachel (24 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/sep/24/imperial-college-london-inside-the-university-that-is-in-the-business-of-studying">"Imperial College London: inside the university that is in the business of studying"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726152506/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/sep/24/imperial-college-london-inside-the-university-that-is-in-the-business-of-studying">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+London%3A+inside+the+university+that+is+in+the+business+of+studying&rft.date=2022-09-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2022%2Fsep%2F24%2Fimperial-college-london-inside-the-university-that-is-in-the-business-of-studying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced">"REF 2021: Quality ratings hit new high in expanded assessment"</a>. Times Higher Education (THE). 12 May 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=REF+2021%3A+Quality+ratings+hit+new+high+in+expanded+assessment&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Fref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topmba.com/specialisation-rankings/entrepreneurship">"QS MBA by Career Specialisation Rankings 2023: Entrepreneurship"</a>. TopMBA.com. 8 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324212829/https://www.topmba.com/specialisation-rankings/entrepreneurship">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TopMBA.com&rft.atitle=QS+MBA+by+Career+Specialisation+Rankings+2023%3A+Entrepreneurship&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topmba.com%2Fspecialisation-rankings%2Fentrepreneurship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-119"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetab.com/uk/london/2023/06/07/youre-hired-imperial-grads-are-most-likely-to-get-the-best-job-offers-in-the-whole-uk-50532">"You're hired! Imperial grads are the most likely to get good job offers in the whole UK"</a>. The Tab. 7 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317033719/https://thetab.com/uk/london/2023/06/07/youre-hired-imperial-grads-are-most-likely-to-get-the-best-job-offers-in-the-whole-uk-50532">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tab&rft.atitle=You%27re+hired%21+Imperial+grads+are+the+most+likely+to+get+good+job+offers+in+the+whole+UK&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetab.com%2Fuk%2Flondon%2F2023%2F06%2F07%2Fyoure-hired-imperial-grads-are-most-likely-to-get-the-best-job-offers-in-the-whole-uk-50532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-120"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/ng-interactive/2023/sep/09/the-guardian-university-guide-2024-the-rankings">"The Guardian University Guide 2024 – the rankings"</a>. The Guardian. 9 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215180913/https://www.theguardian.com/education/ng-interactive/2023/sep/09/the-guardian-university-guide-2024-the-rankings">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+University+Guide+2024+%E2%80%93+the+rankings&rft.date=2023-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Fng-interactive%2F2023%2Fsep%2F09%2Fthe-guardian-university-guide-2024-the-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFszadmin2013" class="citation web cs1">szadmin (13 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.co.uk/latest-news/the-times-and-the-sunday-times-good-university-guide-new-recruits-are-not-job-ready-according-to-survey/">"The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide: New recruits are not job ready according to survey"</a>. News UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240316191447/https://www.news.co.uk/latest-news/the-times-and-the-sunday-times-good-university-guide-new-recruits-are-not-job-ready-according-to-survey/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+UK&rft.atitle=The+Times+and+The+Sunday+Times+Good+University+Guide%3A+New+recruits+are+not+job+ready+according+to+survey&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.au=szadmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.co.uk%2Flatest-news%2Fthe-times-and-the-sunday-times-good-university-guide-new-recruits-are-not-job-ready-according-to-survey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-122"><a href="#cite_ref-:8_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uacu.uk/articles/3177/uk-graduate-salaries-2021/">"UK Graduate Salaries 2021 – Highest Paid Graduates by UK University Ranking 2021 – UACU UK"</a>. 18 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317032131/https://uacu.uk/articles/3177/uk-graduate-salaries-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Graduate+Salaries+2021+%E2%80%93+Highest+Paid+Graduates+by+UK+University+Ranking+2021+%E2%80%93+UACU+UK&rft.date=2021-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuacu.uk%2Farticles%2F3177%2Fuk-graduate-salaries-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESA_citation-123"><a href="#cite_ref-HESA_citation_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study">"Where do HE students study?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a>. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+do+HE+students+study%3F&rft.pub=Higher+Education+Statistics+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhere-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/world-ranked-universities-most-international-students">"World-ranked universities with the most international students"</a>. Times Higher Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802022811/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/world-ranked-universities-most-international-students">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=World-ranked+universities+with+the+most+international+students&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fstudent%2Fnews%2Fworld-ranked-universities-most-international-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231845/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/dox/pressOffice/sfr210/071277_student_sfr210_1314_table_3.xlsx">"2013/14 Students by HE provider, level, mode and domicile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/dox/pressOffice/sfr210/071277_student_sfr210_1314_table_3.xlsx">the original</a> (XLSX) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013%2F14+Students+by+HE+provider%2C+level%2C+mode+and+domicile&rft.pub=Higher+Education+Statistics+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdox%2FpressOffice%2Fsfr210%2F071277_student_sfr210_1314_table_3.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statscard_2010-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statscard_2010_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statscard_2010_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810004704/https://workspace.imperial.ac.uk/planning/Public/stats_card/statscard_2010.pdf">"Statistics Pocket Guide 2009–10"</a> (PDF). Imperial College London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://workspace.imperial.ac.uk/planning/Public/stats_card/statscard_2010.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+Pocket+Guide+2009%E2%80%9310&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.imperial.ac.uk%2Fplanning%2FPublic%2Fstats_card%2Fstatscard_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unistats.com/">"Search best UK universities, make university comparisons and see student satisfaction ratings and UCAS points"</a>. Unistats. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100118135524/http://www.unistats.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Search+best+UK+universities%2C+make+university+comparisons+and+see+student+satisfaction+ratings+and+UCAS+points&rft.pub=Unistats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unistats.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave_Parry" class="citation web cs1">Dave Parry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060430052412/http://www.union.ic.ac.uk/money/FinanceFiles/list.shtml">"Imperial College Union"</a>. Union.ic.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.union.ic.ac.uk/money/FinanceFiles/list.shtml">the original</a> on 30 April 2006. Retrieved 16 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+Union&rft.pub=Union.ic.ac.uk&rft.au=Dave+Parry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.union.ic.ac.uk%2Fmoney%2FFinanceFiles%2Flist.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003703/http://felixonline.co.uk/archive/IC_2011/2011_1504_A.pdf">"Felix : The student voice of Imperial College London"</a> (PDF). Felixonline.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://felixonline.co.uk/archive/IC_2011/2011_1504_A.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Felix+%3A+The+student+voice+of+Imperial+College+London&rft.pub=Felixonline.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffelixonline.co.uk%2Farchive%2FIC_2011%2F2011_1504_A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023404/http://www.elsalvadorproject.org.uk/2012/sponsors.html">"Sponsors"</a>. Elsalvadorproject.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsalvadorproject.org.uk/2012/sponsors.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sponsors&rft.pub=Elsalvadorproject.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsalvadorproject.org.uk%2F2012%2Fsponsors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImperial_College_London" class="citation web cs1">Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102121155/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/sports/facilities">"Imperial College Sports Facilities"</a>. imperial.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/sports/facilities">the original</a> on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+Sports+Facilities&rft.pub=imperial.ac.uk&rft.au=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.imperial.ac.uk%2Fsports%2Ffacilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImperial_College_London" class="citation web cs1">Imperial College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102120912/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/arts/blythcentre/facilities/practicefacilities">"Imperial College Music Facilities"</a>. imperial.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/arts/blythcentre/facilities/practicefacilities">the original</a> on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+Music+Facilities&rft.pub=imperial.ac.uk&rft.au=Imperial+College+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.imperial.ac.uk%2Farts%2Fblythcentre%2Ffacilities%2Fpracticefacilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImperial_College_Union" class="citation web cs1">Imperial College Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperialcollegeunion.org/food-drink/">"Food and Drink"</a>. imperialcollegeunion.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322050815/https://www.imperialcollegeunion.org/food-drink/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Food+and+Drink&rft.pub=imperialcollegeunion.org&rft.au=Imperial+College+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperialcollegeunion.org%2Ffood-drink%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170523182226/https://www.imperialcollegeunion.org/food-drink/union-bar/questions-about-tankards">"Questions about Tankards"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperialcollegeunion.org/food-drink/union-bar/questions-about-tankards">the original</a> on 23 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Questions+about+Tankards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperialcollegeunion.org%2Ffood-drink%2Funion-bar%2Fquestions-about-tankards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705004951/http://www.icradio.com/">"Imperial College Radio, London, UK"</a>. Icradio.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icradio.com/">the original</a> on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+College+Radio%2C+London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Icradio.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icradio.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ic.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1940.shtml">"Imperial College – Centenary website – Timeline – 1940–1949"</a>. ic.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726122355/http://www.ic.ac.uk/centenary/timeline/1940.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ic.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+%E2%80%93+Centenary+website+%E2%80%93+Timeline+%E2%80%93+1940%E2%80%931949&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ic.ac.uk%2Fcentenary%2Ftimeline%2F1940.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/estates-projects/construction-projects/completed-projects/putney-boathouse-development/">"Putney Boathouse development‌"</a>. Imperial College London. Retrieved 25 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Putney+Boathouse+development%E2%80%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fadmin-services%2Festates-projects%2Fconstruction-projects%2Fcompleted-projects%2Fputney-boathouse-development%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtoZSports-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AtoZSports_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AtoZSports_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperialcollegeunion.org/activities/a-to-z">"Imperial College Union A to Z of Societies"</a>. Imperial College Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307045516/https://www.imperialcollegeunion.org/activities/a-to-z">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+Union&rft.atitle=Imperial+College+Union+A+to+Z+of+Societies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperialcollegeunion.org%2Factivities%2Fa-to-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/college-developments/">"Exploration Club"</a>. A timeline of College Developments. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301233401/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/history/college-developments/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+timeline+of+College+Developments&rft.atitle=Exploration+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fcollege-developments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dramsoc.org/">"DramSoc"</a>. DramSoc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801184239/https://www.dramsoc.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DramSoc&rft.atitle=DramSoc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dramsoc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314012727/http://felixonline.co.uk/issuearchive/issue/367/download/">"Dramatic Changes"</a>. No. 371. Felix Newspaper. 9 December 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://felixonline.co.uk/issuearchive/issue/367/download/">the original</a> on 14 March 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dramatic+Changes&rft.issue=371&rft.date=1974-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffelixonline.co.uk%2Fissuearchive%2Fissue%2F367%2Fdownload%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701102125/http://ucludrama.org.uk/london-student-drama-festival-2/">"London Student Drama Festival"</a>. UCLU Drama. UCLU Drama Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucludrama.org.uk/london-student-drama-festival-2/">the original</a> on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLU+Drama&rft.atitle=London+Student+Drama+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fucludrama.org.uk%2Flondon-student-drama-festival-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.union.ic.ac.uk/arts/acappella/">"Imperial A Cappella Society"</a>. Imperial College Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603164127/https://www.union.ic.ac.uk/arts/acappella/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+Union&rft.atitle=Imperial+A+Cappella+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.union.ic.ac.uk%2Farts%2Facappella%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://varsityvocals.com/results-page/?fwp_year=2016">"Results"</a>. Varsity Vocals. 12 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603162015/https://varsityvocals.com/results-page/?fwp_year=2016">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Varsity+Vocals&rft.atitle=Results&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvarsityvocals.com%2Fresults-page%2F%3Ffwp_year%3D2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Accommodation_guide-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Accommodation_guide_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/csmarketing/docs/accommodation_guide_2024-25">"Accommodation Guide"</a>. Imperial College. 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accommodation+Guide&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fcsmarketing%2Fdocs%2Faccommodation_guide_2024-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/students/accommodation/continuing-students/">"Continuing students"</a>. Imperial. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial&rft.atitle=Continuing+students&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fstudents%2Faccommodation%2Fcontinuing-students%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/students/accommodation/prospective/pg/accommodation/silwood-park/">"Silwood Park (not based in London)"</a>. Imperial. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial&rft.atitle=Silwood+Park+%28not+based+in+London%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fstudents%2Faccommodation%2Fprospective%2Fpg%2Faccommodation%2Fsilwood-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/our-people/award-winners/nobel-winners/">"No el winners"</a>. Imperial College. Retrieved 7 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College&rft.atitle=No+el+winners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fintroducing-imperial%2Four-people%2Faward-winners%2Fnobel-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/our-people/award-winners/fields-medallists/">"Fields medallists"</a>. Imperial College London. Retrieved 7 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+College+London&rft.atitle=Fields+medallists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fintroducing-imperial%2Four-people%2Faward-winners%2Ffields-medallists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> 'CROOKES, Prof. Sir William', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-195207">accessed 2 April 2017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227112339/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-195207">Archived</a> 27 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler2003" class="citation journal cs1">Chandler, Richard J. (December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2003.0030">"Sir Alec Westley Skempton. 4 June 1914 – 9 August 2001"</a>. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 49: 509–519. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2003.0030">10.1098/rsbm.2003.0030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Sir+Alec+Westley+Skempton.+4+June+1914+%E2%80%93+9+August+2001&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E509-%3C%2Fspan%3E519&rft.date=2003-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2003.0030&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2003.0030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Cowley, Prof. Steven, President, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, since 2016". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-261946">Who's Who</a>. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U261946">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U261946</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1"><bdi>978-0-19-954089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cowley%2C+Prof.+Steven%2C+President%2C+Corpus+Christi+College%2C+Oxford%2C+since+2016&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U261946&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954089-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.001.0001%2Fww-9780199540884-e-261946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-41612">"Brown of Cambridge, Baroness (Julia Elizabeth King)"</a>. Who's Who & Who Was Who. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U41612">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U41612</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954088-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954088-4"><bdi>978-0-19-954088-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305073624/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-41612">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+%26+Who+Was+Who&rft.atitle=Brown+of+Cambridge%2C+Baroness+%28Julia+Elizabeth+King%29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U41612&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954088-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.001.0001%2Fww-9780199540884-e-41612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Thomas, Prof. Huw Jeremy Wyndham, (Born 25 Feb. 1958), Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, St Mary's Hospital, London, since 1994; Professor of Gastrointestinal Genetics, Imperial College London, since 2007; Physician to the Queen and Head of HM Medical Household, since 2014". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-282180">Who's Who</a>. 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U282180">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U282180</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1"><bdi>978-0-19-954089-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240604051539/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-282180">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thomas%2C+Prof.+Huw+Jeremy+Wyndham%2C+%28Born+25+Feb.+1958%29%2C+Consultant+Physician+and+Gastroenterologist%2C+St+Mary%27s+Hospital%2C+London%2C+since+1994%3B+Professor+of+Gastrointestinal+Genetics%2C+Imperial+College+London%2C+since+2007%3B+Physician+to+the+Queen+and+Head+of+HM+Medical+Household%2C+since+2014&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U282180&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954089-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.001.0001%2Fww-9780199540884-e-282180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Bannister, Sir Roger (Gilbert), (Born 23 March 1929), Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1985–93; Hon. Consultant Physician, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, WC1 (Formerly Consultant Physician, National Hospital for Nervous Diseases), 1963–96; Hon. Consultant Neurologist: St Mary's Hospital and Western Ophthalmic Hospital, W2 (Formerly Consultant Neurologist); Oxford Regional and District Health Authorities, 1985–95". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-6405">Who's Who</a>. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U6405">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U6405</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1"><bdi>978-0-19-954089-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240605131708/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-6405">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bannister%2C+Sir+Roger+%28Gilbert%29%2C+%28Born+23+March+1929%29%2C+Master+of+Pembroke+College%2C+Oxford%2C+1985%E2%80%9393%3B+Hon.+Consultant+Physician%2C+National+Hospital+for+Neurology+and+Neurosurgery%2C+Queen+Square%2C+WC1+%28Formerly+Consultant+Physician%2C+National+Hospital+for+Nervous+Diseases%29%2C+1963%E2%80%9396%3B+Hon.+Consultant+Neurologist%3A+St+Mary%27s+Hospital+and+Western+Ophthalmic+Hospital%2C+W2+%28Formerly+Consultant+Neurologist%29%3B+Oxford+Regional+and+District+Health+Authorities%2C+1985%E2%80%9395&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U6405&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954089-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.001.0001%2Fww-9780199540884-e-6405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-49012771">"This little-known inventor has probably saved your life"</a>. BBC News. 18 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513104018/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-49012771">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=This+little-known+inventor+has+probably+saved+your+life&rft.date=2019-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-australia-49012771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Robins, Sir Ralph (Harry), (Born 16 June 1932), Chairman, Rolls-Royce PLC, 1992–2003". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-32829">Who's Who</a>. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U32829">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U32829</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1"><bdi>978-0-19-954089-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240605040751/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-32829">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robins%2C+Sir+Ralph+%28Harry%29%2C+%28Born+16+June+1932%29%2C+Chairman%2C+Rolls-Royce+PLC%2C+1992%E2%80%932003&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U32829&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954089-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.001.0001%2Fww-9780199540884-e-32829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/17/women-should-never-be-afraid-to-ask-questions-nasas-new-science-chief">"Women should never be afraid to ask questions, NASAs, new science chief"</a>. The Guardian. 17 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726154108/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/17/women-should-never-be-afraid-to-ask-questions-nasas-new-science-chief">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Women+should+never+be+afraid+to+ask+questions%2C+NASAs%2C+new+science+chief&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2023%2Fmar%2F17%2Fwomen-should-never-be-afraid-to-ask-questions-nasas-new-science-chief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> 'VOGEL, Hon. Sir Julius', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-191871">accessed 2 April 2017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225164726/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-191871">Archived</a> 25 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> 'GANDHI, Rajiv', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-172595">accessed 2 April 2017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210715002830/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-172595">Archived</a> 15 July 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/civil-engineering/alumni/alumni-profiles/phd-graduate-1993---chen-jining/">PhD graduate 1993 – Chen Jining</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919191236/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/civil-engineering/alumni/alumni-profiles/phd-graduate-1993---chen-jining/">Archived</a> 19 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – website of Imperial College London </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Mistry, Cyrus Pallonji, (Born 4 July 1968), Chairman, Tata Sons LTD, since 2012 (Director, since 2006)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-268705">Who's Who</a>. 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U268705">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U268705</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954089-1"><bdi>978-0-19-954089-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726154124/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-268705">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mistry%2C+Cyrus+Pallonji%2C+%28Born+4+July+1968%29%2C+Chairman%2C+Tata+Sons+LTD%2C+since+2012+%28Director%2C+since+2006%29&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U268705&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954089-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540891.001.0001%2Fww-9780199540884-e-268705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatergoodradio.com/2006/07/22/danny-lui/">"DANNY LUI"</a>. Greater Good Radio – Leaders Inspiring Leaders. 22 July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915022615/http://www.greatergoodradio.com/2006/07/22/danny-lui/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greater+Good+Radio+%E2%80%93+Leaders+Inspiring+Leaders&rft.atitle=DANNY+LUI&rft.date=2006-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatergoodradio.com%2F2006%2F07%2F22%2Fdanny-lui%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51737336">"The tech boss who lost more than a billion"</a>. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+tech+boss+who+lost+more+than+a+billion&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-51737336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+College+London" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Imperial_College_London" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189022#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%22Imperial+College+London%22+OR+%22Imperial+College+of+Science+and+Technology%22+OR+%22Imperial+College+of+Science%2C+Technology+and+Medicine%22+OR+%22Imperial+College%2C+London%22+OR+%22Imperial+College%2C+University+of+London%22%29">Works by or about Imperial College London</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Imperial College London at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" class="extiw" title="c:Imperial College London">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Imperial_College_London" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Imperial College London">News</a> from Wikinews</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&oldid=1276099928">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&oldid=1276099928</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 16 February 2025, at 21:47 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كلية لندن الإمبراطورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلية لندن الإمبراطورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_%C4%B0mperial_Kolleci" title="London İmperial Kolleci – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="London İmperial Kolleci" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="لندن ایمپیراتورلوغ کالجی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لندن ایمپیراتورلوغ کالجی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%A8" title="ইম্পেরিয়াল কলেজ লন্ডন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইম্পেরিয়াল কলেজ লন্ডন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleg_Imperial_Llundain" title="Coleg Imperial Llundain – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coleg Imperial Llundain" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Αυτοκρατορικό Κολέγιο του Λονδίνου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκρατορικό Κολέγιο του Λονδίνου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperia_Kolegio_Londona" title="Imperia Kolegio Londona – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Imperia Kolegio Londona" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="امپریال کالج لندن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپریال کالج لندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B9n-t%C3%BBn_Ti-koet_Ho%CC%8Dk-yen" title="Lùn-tûn Ti-koet Ho̍k-yen – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lùn-tûn Ti-koet Ho̍k-yen" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%84%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%BC_%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EB%9F%B0%EB%8D%98" title="임페리얼 칼리지 런던 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="임페리얼 칼리지 런던" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BB" title="Լոնդոնի կայսերական քոլեջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոնդոնի կայսերական քոլեջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="इंपीरियल कॉलेज लंदन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंपीरियल कॉलेज लंदन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%27" title="אימפריאל קולג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אימפריאל קולג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96" title="Лондон империялық колледжі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лондон империялық колледжі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonas_Imp%C4%93rijas_koled%C5%BEa" title="Londonas Impērijas koledža – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Londonas Impērijas koledža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D,_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇമ്പീരിയൽ കോളജ്, ലണ്ടൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇമ്പീരിയൽ കോളജ്, ലണ്ടൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="امبيريال كوليدج لندن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امبيريال كوليدج لندن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6_(%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Эзэн хааны коллеж (Лондон) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эзэн хааны коллеж (Лондон)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3" title="インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_kolleji_(London)" title="Imperial kolleji (London) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Imperial kolleji (London)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="امپیریل کالج لندن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امپیریل کالج لندن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Имперский колледж Лондона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Имперский колледж Лондона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Imperial_College_of_Science,_Technology_and_Medicine" title="The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialni_kolid%C5%BE_v_Londonu" title="Imperialni kolidž v Londonu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Imperialni kolidž v Londonu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="லண்டன் இம்பீரியல் கல்லூரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லண்டன் இம்பீரியல் கல்லூரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="อิมพิเรียลคอลเลจลอนดอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิมพิเรียลคอลเลจลอนดอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Imperial College London" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Імперський коледж Лондона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імперський коледж Лондона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="امپیریل کالج لندن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امپیریل کالج لندن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%AA" title="لوندون ئىمپېرىيە ئىنستېتۇت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لوندون ئىمپېرىيە ئىنستېتۇت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="伦敦帝国学院 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伦敦帝国学院" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="倫敦帝國學院 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="倫敦帝國學院" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="伦敦帝国学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伦敦帝国学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 21:47 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_College_London&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6f5945bd9d-bgpzl","wgBackendResponseTime":309,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.598","walltime":"1.903","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14379,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":639649,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":92934,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":671653,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1547.028 1 -total"," 47.96% 742.003 3 Template:Reflist"," 28.89% 446.878 109 Template:Cite_web"," 19.46% 300.991 1 Template:Infobox_university"," 19.24% 297.584 2 Template:Infobox"," 8.19% 126.778 14 Template:Navbox"," 5.59% 86.453 1 Template:Both"," 5.54% 85.779 2 Template:Lang"," 5.30% 81.953 14 Template:If_empty"," 4.88% 75.521 1 Template:Imperial_College_London"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.916","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15913133,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-d6rvv","timestamp":"20250217104215","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Imperial College London","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_College_London","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q189022","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q189022","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-09T03:09:55Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T21:47:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c5\/Shield_of_Imperial_College_London.svg","headline":"public research university located in London, United Kingdom"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>