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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Inventions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inventions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Inventions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Inventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maxim_gun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maxim_gun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Maxim gun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maxim_gun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flying_machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flying_machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Flying machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flying_machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Captive_Flying_Machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Captive_Flying_Machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Captive Flying Machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Captive_Flying_Machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grahame-White,_Blériot,_and_Maxim_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grahame-White,_Blériot,_and_Maxim_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grahame-White, Blériot, and Maxim Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grahame-White,_Blériot,_and_Maxim_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emigration_and_knighthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emigration_and_knighthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Emigration and knighthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emigration_and_knighthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Patents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hiram Maxim</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85" title="هيرام مكسيم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيرام مكسيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayrem_Maksim" title="Hayrem Maksim – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hayrem Maksim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Хайрэм Стывенс Максім – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хайрэм Стывенс Максім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Хайръм Стивънс Максим – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хайръм Стивънс Максим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BC" title="Χάιραμ Μάξιμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάιραμ Μάξιμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="هیرام ماکسیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیرام ماکسیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%BC_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%90%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A7%A5%EC%8B%AC" title="하이럼 스티븐스 맥심 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하이럼 스티븐스 맥심" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B4_%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B4" title="Հայրեմ Սթիվենս Մաքսիմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայրեմ Սթիվենս Մաքսիմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D" title="היירם מקסים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היירם מקסים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairems_Maksims" title="Hairems Maksims – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hairems Maksims" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A0" title="ハイラム・マキシム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハイラム・マキシム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Максим, Хайрем Стивенс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Максим, Хайрем Стивенс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hiram Stevens Maxim" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Хирам Максим – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хирам Максим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hiram Maxim" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Гайрем Стівенс Максим – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гайрем Стівенс Максим" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%81" title="海勒姆·马克沁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海勒姆·马克沁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q315601#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Hiram Stevens Maxim. For his son, automotive pioneer and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/ARRL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARRL">ARRL</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Percy_Maxim" title="Hiram Percy Maxim">Hiram Percy Maxim</a>. For his brother, see <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Maxim" title="Hudson Maxim">Hudson Maxim</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">Hiram Maxim</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maxim_portrait.jpg/220px-Maxim_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maxim_portrait.jpg/330px-Maxim_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Maxim_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Maxim <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1916</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hiram Stevens Maxim</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1840-02-05</span>)</span>5 February 1840<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Sangerville,_Maine" title="Sangerville, Maine">Sangerville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">24 November 1916<span style="display:none">(1916-11-24)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Streatham" title="Streatham">Streatham</a>, London</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/West_Norwood_Cemetery" title="West Norwood Cemetery">West Norwood Cemetery</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hiram_Maxim&params=51.43354_N_0.10314_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°26′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°06′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.43354°N 0.10314°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.43354; -0.10314</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Inventor" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventor">Inventor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Inventor of <a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim gun</a> <br /> Claimed inventor of <a href="/wiki/Lightbulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightbulb">lightbulb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Jane Budden (1867–1881?)<br />Sarah Haynes (1881–1916, his death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Percy_Maxim" title="Hiram Percy Maxim">Hiram Percy Maxim</a><br /> Florence Maxim Cutter<br /> Adelaide Maxim Joubert</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Maxim" title="Hudson Maxim">Hudson Maxim</a> (brother)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim</b> (5 February 1840 – 24 November 1916) was an American-born British inventor best known as the creator of the first <a href="/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm">automatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim gun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maxim held <a href="/wiki/Patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Patents">patents</a> on numerous mechanical devices such as <a href="/wiki/Hair_iron" title="Hair iron">hair-curling irons</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mousetrap" title="Mousetrap">mousetrap</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steam_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam pump">steam pumps</a>. Maxim laid claim to inventing the <a href="/wiki/Lightbulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightbulb">lightbulb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maxim experimented with <a href="/wiki/Powered_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Powered flight">powered flight</a>; his large aircraft designs were never successful. Circa 1904 he designed a highly successful <a href="/wiki/Amusement_ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Amusement ride">amusement ride</a> called the "Captive Flying Machine" to fund his research while generating public interest in <a href="/wiki/Flight" title="Flight">flight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maxim moved from the United States to the United Kingdom at the age of 41, and remained an American citizen until he became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalised</a> <a href="/wiki/British_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="British citizen">British citizen</a> in 1899, and received a <a href="/wiki/Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighthood</a> in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth_and_early_life">Birth and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Birth and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maxim was born in <a href="/wiki/Sangerville,_Maine" title="Sangerville, Maine">Sangerville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> on 5 February 1840, into a family of <a href="/wiki/French_Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="French Huguenot">French Huguenot</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became an apprentice <a href="/wiki/Coach_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (vehicle)">coachbuilder</a> at the age of 14 and ten years later, took up a job at the machine works of his uncle, Levi Stephens, at <a href="/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts" title="Fitchburg, Massachusetts">Fitchburg, Massachusetts</a>. He subsequently worked as an instrument-maker and as a draughtsman.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (His early jobs in these areas led him to be often disappointed with workers when he ran his own companies later on in life.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hiram called himself a Protestant.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inventions">Inventions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Maxim, a longtime sufferer of <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">bronchitis</a>, patented and manufactured a pocket <a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">menthol</a> <a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">inhaler</a> and a larger "Pipe of Peace", a steam inhaler using <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> vapour, that he claimed could relieve <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">tinnitus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hay_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Hay fever">hay fever</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catarrh" title="Catarrh">catarrh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being criticised for applying his talents to <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>, he protested that "it will be seen that it is a very creditable thing to invent a killing machine, and nothing less than a disgrace to invent an apparatus to prevent human suffering".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim00.jpg/220px-Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim00.jpg/330px-Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim00.jpg/440px-Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption>Maxim caricatured by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ward" title="Leslie Ward">Spy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>, 1904</figcaption></figure><p>He also invented a curling iron, an apparatus for demagnetising watches, magno-electric machines, devices to prevent the rolling of ships, eyelet and riveting machines, aircraft artillery, an aerial torpedo gun, coffee substitutes, and various oil, steam, and gas engines.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large furniture factory had repeatedly burned down, and Maxim was consulted on how to prevent a recurrence. As a result, Maxim invented the first automatic <a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler" title="Fire sprinkler">fire sprinkler</a>. It would douse the areas that were on fire, and it would report the fire to the fire station. Maxim was unable to sell the idea elsewhere, but when the patent expired the idea was used.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maxim developed and installed the first electric lights in a New York City building (the <a href="/wiki/Equitable_Life_Building_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equitable Life Building (New York City)">Equitable Life Building (New York City)</a> at 120 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>) in the late 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1878 he cofounded <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Electric_Lighting_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Electric Lighting Company (page does not exist)">United States Electric Lighting Company</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Weston_(chemist)" title="Edward Weston (chemist)">Edward Weston</a> to commercialize his designs. </p><p>However, he was involved in several lengthy patent disputes with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> over his claims to the <a href="/wiki/Lightbulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightbulb">lightbulb</a>. One of these actions regarded the <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incandescent bulb">incandescent bulb</a>, for which Maxim claimed that Edison was credited by means of his better understanding of <a href="/wiki/Patenting" class="mw-redirect" title="Patenting">patenting</a> law. Maxim claimed that an employee of his had falsely patented the invention under his own name, and that Edison proved the employee's claim to be false, knowing that patent law would mean the invention would become public property, allowing Edison to manufacture the lightbulb without crediting Maxim as the true inventor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maxim_gun">Maxim gun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Maxim gun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim gun</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim,_Cassier_and_Smith_with_Machine_Gun_for_Germany_-_Cassier%27s_1895-04_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maxim%2C_Cassier_and_Smith_with_Machine_Gun_for_Germany_-_Cassier%27s_1895-04_%28cropped%29.png/170px-Maxim%2C_Cassier_and_Smith_with_Machine_Gun_for_Germany_-_Cassier%27s_1895-04_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maxim%2C_Cassier_and_Smith_with_Machine_Gun_for_Germany_-_Cassier%27s_1895-04_%28cropped%29.png/255px-Maxim%2C_Cassier_and_Smith_with_Machine_Gun_for_Germany_-_Cassier%27s_1895-04_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maxim%2C_Cassier_and_Smith_with_Machine_Gun_for_Germany_-_Cassier%27s_1895-04_%28cropped%29.png/340px-Maxim%2C_Cassier_and_Smith_with_Machine_Gun_for_Germany_-_Cassier%27s_1895-04_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="2957" /></a><figcaption>Image from the April 1895 edition <a href="/wiki/Cassier%27s_Magazine" title="Cassier's Magazine">Cassier's Magazine</a>, showing Hiram Maxim and the <a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim gun</a>, along with Louis Cassier and J. Bucknall Smith</figcaption></figure> <p>Maxim was reported to have said: "In 1882 I was in Vienna, where I met an American whom I had known in the States. He said: 'Hang your chemistry and electricity! If you want to make a pile of money, invent something that will enable these Europeans to cut each others' throats with greater facility.'"<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a child, Maxim had been knocked over by a rifle's recoil, and this inspired him to use that recoil force to automatically operate a gun. Between 1883 and 1885 Maxim patented gas, recoil and blowback methods of operation. After moving to England, he settled in a large house formerly owned by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Thurlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Thurlow">Lord Thurlow</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Norwood" title="West Norwood">West Norwood</a> where he developed his design for an automatic weapon, using an action that would close the breech and compress a spring, by storing the recoil energy released by a shot to prepare the gun for its next shot. He thoughtfully ran announcements in the local press warning that he would be experimenting with the gun in his garden and that neighbours should keep their windows open to avoid the danger of broken glass.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maxim founded an arms company with financial backing from <a href="/wiki/Edward_Vickers" title="Edward Vickers">Edward Vickers</a> to produce his machine gun in <a href="/wiki/Crayford" title="Crayford">Crayford</a>, Kent, which later merged with <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Nordenfelt_Guns_and_Ammunition_Company" title="Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company">Nordenfelt</a>. Subsequently, part of the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering#History" title="Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering">Barrow Shipbuilding Company</a> purchase by <a href="/wiki/Vickers" title="Vickers">Vickers</a> Corporation in 1897, formed 'Vickers, Son & Maxim'. Their improved development of the Maxim gun design, the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine gun</a>, after Maxim's resignation from the board in 1911 on his 71st birthday, was the standard British machine gun for many years. With arms sales led by <a href="/wiki/Basil_Zaharoff" title="Basil Zaharoff">Basil Zaharoff</a>, variants of the Maxim gun were bought and used extensively by both sides during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>In his later years Maxim became profoundly deaf, as his hearing had been damaged by years of exposure to the noise of his guns.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flying_machines">Flying machines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flying machines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maxim.gif/220px-Maxim.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maxim.gif/330px-Maxim.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maxim.gif/440px-Maxim.gif 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Maxim's flying machine</figcaption></figure> <p>Maxim's father had earlier conceived of a helicopter powered by two counter-rotating rotors, but was unable to find a powerful enough engine to build it. Hiram first sketched out plans for a helicopter in 1872, but when he built his first "flying machine" he chose to use wings. Before starting design work, he carried out a series of experiments on aerofoil sections and propeller design, at first using a <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a> and later building a whirling arm test rig.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction started in 1889 of a 40-foot-long (12 m) craft with a 110-foot (34 m) wingspan that weighed 3.5 tons, powered by two lightweight <a href="/wiki/Naptha" class="mw-redirect" title="Naptha">naptha</a>-fired 360-horsepower (268 kW) <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engines</a> driving two 17-foot-diameter (5.2 m) laminated pine propellers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conceived of as a test rig, the machine ran on an 1,800-foot (550 m) length of rail track which Maxim laid down for the purpose at his home, Baldwyn's Park Mansion, Baldwyn's Park in <a href="/wiki/Bexley" title="Bexley">Bexley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial intention was to prevent the machine from lifting off by using heavy cast-iron wheels, but after initial trials, Maxim concluded that this would not suffice, and so the machine was fitted with four wheeled outriggers which were restrained by wooden rails 13 feet (4.0 m) outside the central track.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In trials in 1894, the machine lifted and was prevented from rising by the outriggers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During its test run, all the outriggers were engaged, showing that it had developed enough lift to take off, but in so doing, it pulled up the track; the tethered "flight" was aborted in time to prevent disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-wragg_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wragg-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maxim subsequently abandoned work on it but put his experience to work on fairground rides.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subsequently noted that a feasible flying machine would need better power-to-weight engines, such as a petrol combustion engine.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Captive_Flying_Machines">Captive Flying Machines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Captive Flying Machines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hiram_Maxim" title="Special:EditPage/Hiram Maxim">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiram_Maxim_Captive_Flying_Machines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hiram_Maxim_Captive_Flying_Machines.jpg/220px-Hiram_Maxim_Captive_Flying_Machines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hiram_Maxim_Captive_Flying_Machines.jpg/330px-Hiram_Maxim_Captive_Flying_Machines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hiram_Maxim_Captive_Flying_Machines.jpg/440px-Hiram_Maxim_Captive_Flying_Machines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The Sir Hiram Maxim Captive Flying Machines operating at <a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Pleasure_Beach" title="Blackpool Pleasure Beach">Blackpool Pleasure Beach</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>To both fund his research into flight and to bring attention to the notion of flight, Maxim designed and built an amusement ride for the <a href="/wiki/Earls_Court_Exhibition_Centre" title="Earls Court Exhibition Centre">Earl's Court exhibition</a> of 1904. The ride was based on a test-rig he had devised for his research, and consisted of a large spinning frame from which cars hung captive. As the machine spun, the cars would be swung outward through the air, simulating flight. The ride was similar to the later <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circle_Swing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circle Swing (page does not exist)">Circle Swing</a> ride, made popular in the US by renowned roller-coaster designer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Traver" title="Harry Traver">Harry Traver</a>. </p><p>Maxim originally intended to use primitive aerofoils and wings to allow riders to control their flight, but this was outlawed as unsafe. As a result, Maxim quickly lost interest in the project, declaring the adapted ride as "Simply a glorified merry-go-round". Nevertheless, his company built several more rides of various sizes at <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">The Crystal Palace</a> and various seaside resorts including <a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brighton,_Merseyside" title="New Brighton, Merseyside">New Brighton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a>, all of which opened in 1904. Originally, Maxim had intended to build only two, but a lengthy breakdown on the original Earl's Court ride forced him to build more to make the venture profitable. He had plans for further variations of the ride but his disillusionment with the amusement business meant that they were never realised. </p><p>Although he expressed regrets about the whole project, the rides were held in high regard within the amusement industry and the Blackpool ride still operates to this day as part of what is now the <a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Pleasure_Beach" title="Blackpool Pleasure Beach">Pleasure Beach</a> amusement park. Along with the same park's similarly historic <a href="/wiki/River_caves" class="mw-redirect" title="River caves">river caves</a>, it is the oldest operating amusement ride in Europe. The Flying Machines has the distinction of being virtually unchanged from Maxim's original design. The Blackpool ride's name is now usually abbreviated to the "Flying Machine" or "Flying Machines", although the full name, "Sir Hiram Maxim's Captive Flying Machines", is given at the ride entrance. </p><p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Disney_California_Adventure_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney California Adventure Park">Disney California Adventure Park</a> opened, featuring the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Zephyr" title="Golden Zephyr">Golden Zephyr</a>, a modern-day recreation of the Traver version of the ride. The ride itself is much smaller than the Blackpool version, with cars swinging out at a much smaller angle. Nevertheless, engineers from Disney visited Blackpool to inspect the Maxim ride (the only example of either version still standing) to help design their ride. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grahame-White,_Blériot,_and_Maxim_Company"><span id="Grahame-White.2C_Bl.C3.A9riot.2C_and_Maxim_Company"></span>Grahame-White, Blériot, and Maxim Company</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grahame-White, Blériot, and Maxim Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1911, Maxim headed the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Grahame-White" title="Grahame-White">Grahame-White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bl%C3%A9riot" title="Louis Blériot">Blériot</a>, and Maxim Company, founded with the two aviators and two hundred thousand pounds of capital.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had hoped to produce military aircraft capable of scouting or dropping a 500-pound (230 kg) bomb, but his failing health and financial difficulties with his other enterprises restricted his ability to develop this enterprise before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to his engineering endeavors, Maxim, a lifelong <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "compiled and edited" a book he called <i>Li Hung Chang's Scrapbook</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This book was addressed to <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hung Chang</a> (also spelled Li Hongzhang and Li Hung-chang) and endeavored to address a belief that "The Chinese were generally puzzled as to how it was possible for people who are able to build locomotives and steamships to have a religion based on a belief in devils, ghosts, impossible miracles, and all the other absurdities and impossibilities peculiar to the religion taught by the <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Scrapbook_Foreword_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scrapbook_Foreword-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maxim held European missionaries in China in low esteem, for reasons described in the scrapbook. He stated "...it was my aim, in compiling for His Excellency a scrap-book with explanatory notes, to put the Chinaman right in this respect. I wished to show that we were not all fools."<sup id="cite_ref-Scrapbook_Foreword_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scrapbook_Foreword-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His scrapbook comprised some 400 pages with 42 illustrations, presenting his views on The Nature of Christianity; Christianity in China; and his conclusions on subjects including Miracles, Spirituality, Faith; and the influence of the Bible on the civilization of Europe and America. He concluded his scrapbook with an appeal to the Missionaries and his thoughts on the reason for the failure of what he described as "Missionary Propaganda" in China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maxim was a <a href="/wiki/Chevalier_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevalier of the Legion of Honour">Chevalier of the Legion of Honour</a>; a Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer; Member of the <a href="/wiki/London_Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="London Chamber of Commerce">London Chamber of Commerce</a>; Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution" title="Royal Institution">Royal Institution</a>; Member of the <a href="/wiki/British_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="British Association for the Advancement of Science">British Association for the Advancement of Science</a>; Member of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_League" title="British Empire League">British Empire League</a>; and Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Royal Society of Arts">Royal Society of Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emigration_and_knighthood">Emigration and knighthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Emigration and knighthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1881, Maxim arrived in Britain to reorganise the London offices of the United States Electric Lighting Company.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His visits back to the United States became increasingly infrequent and, on 16 September 1899, Maxim became a naturalised <a href="/wiki/British_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="British citizen">British citizen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following year, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> bestowed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighthood</a> on him.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However Victoria died on 22 January 1901, shortly before Maxim's investiture, and so the honour was conferred by Maxim's "friend and new king, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>" at <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a> on 9 February 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-Hawkey_2001_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawkey_2001-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WNC_Maxim.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/WNC_Maxim.JPG/220px-WNC_Maxim.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/WNC_Maxim.JPG/330px-WNC_Maxim.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/WNC_Maxim.JPG/440px-WNC_Maxim.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Gravestone of Sir Hiram Maxim</figcaption></figure> <p>Maxim died at his home in <a href="/wiki/Streatham" title="Streatham">Streatham</a>, London on 24 November 1916 at the age of 76.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in south London's <a href="/wiki/West_Norwood_Cemetery" title="West Norwood Cemetery">West Norwood Cemetery</a> with his wife and his grandson, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> Maxim Joubert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His brother, <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Maxim" title="Hudson Maxim">Hudson Maxim</a>, was also a military inventor, specializing in <a href="/wiki/Explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosives">explosives</a>. They worked quite closely together until later in life, when there was a disagreement on a patent for <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powder</a>. The patent, Hiram claimed, had been issued under the name 'H. Maxim,' and that because of this, his brother was able to stake a claim as the powder being his own. Hudson was a skilled and knowledgeable man, and sold arms in the US, while Hiram worked mainly in Europe. Hudson had success in the States, which caused jealousy from Hiram (he lamented having a "double" of himself running around in the States). The jealousy and disagreements caused a rift between the brothers that would last the rest of their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-Hawkey_2001_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawkey_2001-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hiram Maxim married his first wife, the English-born Jane Budden, on 11 May 1867 in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. Their children were: <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Percy_Maxim" title="Hiram Percy Maxim">Hiram Percy Maxim</a>; Florence Maxim, who married George Albert Cutter, and Adelaide Maxim, who married Eldon Joubert, <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Ignacy Jan Paderewski</a>'s piano tuner.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1875, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Fanwood,_New_Jersey" title="Fanwood, New Jersey">Fanwood, New Jersey</a>, with Hiram joining the family on weekends.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His son Hiram Percy Maxim followed in his father's and uncle's footsteps and became a mechanical engineer and weapons designer as well, but he is perhaps best known for his early <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> experiments and for founding the <a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Relay_League" title="American Radio Relay League">American Radio Relay League</a>. His invention of the "Maxim Silencer" for noise <a href="/wiki/Suppressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressor">suppression</a> came too late to save his father's hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiram Percy later wrote a biography of his father titled <i>A Genius in the Family</i>, containing about 60 anecdotes of Hiram Percy's experiences with his father throughout his early life (until about age 12). Most of these short stories are entertaining; they give a reader an insider's (and a child's) view of the man's personal and family life.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/So_Goes_My_Love" title="So Goes My Love">So Goes My Love</a>,</i> a film loosely based on these memoirs and starring <a href="/wiki/Don_Ameche" title="Don Ameche">Don Ameche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a>, was released in 1946. </p><p>Hiram Maxim married his secretary and mistress, Sarah, daughter of Charles Haynes of Boston, in 1881. It is not clear if he was legally divorced from his first wife at this time. The marriage was registered again in <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, London in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A woman called Helen Leighton brought a case against Maxim, claiming that he had married her in 1878 and that "he was knowingly committing bigamy" against his current wife, Jane Budden. She claimed further that Maxim had fathered a child named Romaine by her. The case was eventually dropped, being settled for under $1,000 (the original amount asked for was $25,000), and Maxim put behind him the near public humiliation the case caused. In October 1898, Helen Leighton again brought charges against Maxim for bigamy and abandonment in Poughkeepsie, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in life, he left 4,000 pounds sterling to a Romaine Dennison, perhaps the child Leighton claimed he had fathered.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaxim1908" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artificialandna00maxigoog"><i>Artificial and Natural Flight</i></a>. Whittaker. 1908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artificial+and+Natural+Flight&rft.pub=Whittaker&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Maxim&rft.aufirst=Hiram+Stevens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartificialandna00maxigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxim1909" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artificialandna00maxigoog"><i>Artificial and Natural Flight</i></a> (2nd ed. with supplement ed.). Whittaker. 1909.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artificial+and+Natural+Flight&rft.edition=2nd+ed.+with+supplement&rft.pub=Whittaker&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Maxim&rft.aufirst=Hiram+Stevens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartificialandna00maxigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Li Hung Chang's Scrapbook</i><sup id="cite_ref-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxim2009" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724103152/http://isbndb.com/d/book/a_new_system_of_preventing_collisions_at_sea.html"><i>A New System of Preventing Collisions at Sea</i></a>. Schwarz Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4446-0553-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4446-0553-2"><bdi>978-1-4446-0553-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isbndb.com/d/book/a_new_system_of_preventing_collisions_at_sea.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+System+of+Preventing+Collisions+at+Sea&rft.pub=Schwarz+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4446-0553-2&rft.aulast=Maxim&rft.aufirst=Hiram+Stevens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisbndb.com%2Fd%2Fbook%2Fa_new_system_of_preventing_collisions_at_sea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxim1915" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HH8XGwmvyFIC&q=%22My+Life%22+Maxim"><i>My Life</i></a>. Methuen & Co., Ltd. 1915. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408609675" title="Special:BookSources/9781408609675"><bdi>9781408609675</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life&rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1915&rft.isbn=9781408609675&rft.aulast=Maxim&rft.aufirst=Hiram+Stevens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHH8XGwmvyFIC%26q%3D%2522My%2BLife%2522%2BMaxim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxim1904" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v3tbAAAAQAAJ&q=%22My%20Life%22%20Maxim"><i>Monte Carlo facts and fallacies</i></a>. Grant Richards. 1904.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monte+Carlo+facts+and+fallacies&rft.pub=Grant+Richards&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Maxim&rft.aufirst=Hiram+Stevens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv3tbAAAAQAAJ%26q%3D%2522My%2520Life%2522%2520Maxim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patents">Patents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US208252">U.S. patent 208,252</a></span> – <i>Electric lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US230310">U.S. patent 230,310</a></span> – <i>Electric lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US230953">U.S. patent 230,953</a></span> – <i>Electric lamps</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US230954">U.S. patent 230,954</a></span> – <i>Process for removing air from globes of electric lamps</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US230309">U.S. patent 230,309</a></span> – <i>Electric lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US234835">U.S. patent 234,835</a></span> – <i>Electrical lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US237198">U.S. patent 237,198</a></span> – <i>Process of manufacturing carbon conductors</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US244277">U.S. patent 244,277</a></span> – <i>Electric Lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US247083">U.S. patent 247,083</a></span> – <i>Process of Manufacturing Carbons</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US247084">U.S. patent 247,084</a></span> – <i>Incandescent Electric Lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US247085">U.S. patent 247,085</a></span> – <i>Process of Manufacturing Carbon Conductors</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US247380">U.S. patent 247,380</a></span> – <i>Electric Lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US255308">U.S. patent 255,308</a></span> – <i>Electrical meter</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US277846">U.S. patent 277,846</a></span> – <i>Process of Manufacturing Carbons for Incandescent Lamps</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US283629">U.S. patent 283,629</a></span> – <i>Electric Lamp</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US321513">U.S. patent 321,513</a></span> – <i>Machine Gun</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US405239">U.S. patent 405,239</a></span> – <i>Apparatus for the Manufacture of Filaments for Incandescent Lamps</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US405170">U.S. patent 405,170</a></span> – <i>Manufacture of Filaments for Electric Lamps</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US430212">U.S. patent 430,212</a></span> – <i>Manufacture of explosive</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US618703">U.S. patent 618,703</a></span> – <i>Apparatus for Manufacturing Filaments for Electric Lamps</i></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US618704">U.S. patent 618,704</a></span> – <i>Method of Manufacturing Filaments for Electric Lamps</i></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFMaximSilverman1897"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189700207">GB 189700207</a>, Maxim, Hiram Stevens & Silverman, Louis, "Improvements in the Firing Mechanism of Automatic Guns", issued 30 October 1897</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=189700207&rft.cc=GB&rft.title=Improvements+in+the+Firing+Mechanism+of+Automatic+Guns&rft.inventor=Maxim&rft.date=30 October 1897"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFMaxim1897"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189607468">GB 189607468</a>, Maxim, Hiram Stevens, "Improvements in Automatic Guns", issued 27 February 1897</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=189607468&rft.cc=GB&rft.title=Improvements+in+Automatic+Guns&rft.inventor=Maxim&rft.date=27 February 1897"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, gas action for machine guns</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFMaxim1897"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189607045">GB 189607045</a>, Maxim, Hiram Stevens, "Improvements in Automatic Machine Guns", issued 13 March 1897</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=189607045&rft.cc=GB&rft.title=Improvements+in+Automatic+Machine+Guns&rft.inventor=Maxim&rft.date=13 March 1897"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, breech mechanism of machine gun</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cantelo" title="William Cantelo">William Cantelo</a>, an early machine gun inventor who disappeared in the 1880s but whose family believed he had reemerged as Hiram Maxim.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V1h_0wb_AM4C&q=Hiram+Maxim+and+inventor+of+Maxim+gun&pg=PA24"><i>Great Inventors and Inventions</i></a>. Courier Dover Publications. 10 July 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486297842" title="Special:BookSources/9780486297842"><bdi>9780486297842</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Inventors+and+Inventions&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1997-07-10&rft.isbn=9780486297842&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1h_0wb_AM4C%26q%3DHiram%2BMaxim%2Band%2Binventor%2Bof%2BMaxim%2Bgun%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theyalllaughedfr00flat"><i>They All Laughed...: From Light Bulbs to Lasers: The Fascinating Stories</i></a></span>. HarperCollins. 30 June 1993. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theyalllaughedfr00flat/page/11">11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060924157" title="Special:BookSources/9780060924157"><bdi>9780060924157</bdi></a>. <q>Hiram Maxim and light bulb.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+All+Laughed...%3A+From+Light+Bulbs+to+Lasers%3A+The+Fascinating+Stories&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1993-06-30&rft.isbn=9780060924157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheyalllaughedfr00flat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBull2004" class="citation book cs1">Bull, Stephen (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HN3AUx_3Mn4C&q=mousetrap&pg=PA167"><i>Encyclopedia of military technology and innovation</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781573565578" title="Special:BookSources/9781573565578"><bdi>9781573565578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+military+technology+and+innovation&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781573565578&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHN3AUx_3Mn4C%26q%3Dmousetrap%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrady2000" class="citation book cs1">Brady, Tim (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ccymjJZxLcC&q=Hiram+Maxim+and+powered+flight&pg=PA31"><i>The American aviation experience: a history</i></a>. SIU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809323715" title="Special:BookSources/9780809323715"><bdi>9780809323715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+aviation+experience%3A+a+history&rft.pub=SIU+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780809323715&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ccymjJZxLcC%26q%3DHiram%2BMaxim%2Band%2Bpowered%2Bflight%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/playfulcrowdplea0000cros"><i>The playful crowd: pleasure places in the twentieth century</i></a></span>. Columbia University Press. 2005. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/playfulcrowdplea0000cros/page/45">45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231127240" title="Special:BookSources/9780231127240"><bdi>9780231127240</bdi></a>. <q>Captive Flying Machine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+playful+crowd%3A+pleasure+places+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780231127240&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplayfulcrowdplea0000cros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/370419/Sir-Hiram-Maxim"><i>Sir Hiram Maxim</i></a>. Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Hiram+Maxim&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F370419%2FSir-Hiram-Maxim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=06TdWzZyH3sC&q=Hiram+Stevens+Maxim+nationality&pg=PA201"><i>Who's who in World War One</i></a>. Psychology Press. 1 June 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203438817" title="Special:BookSources/9780203438817"><bdi>9780203438817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+World+War+One&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.isbn=9780203438817&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D06TdWzZyH3sC%26q%3DHiram%2BStevens%2BMaxim%2Bnationality%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9781332268122/Life-Work-Sir-Hiram-Maxim-1332268129/plp">"The Life and Work of Sir Hiram Maxim: Knight, Chevalier De La Legion D'honneur, Etc"</a>. Forgotten Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Sir+Hiram+Maxim%3A+Knight%2C+Chevalier+De+La+Legion+D%27honneur%2C+Etc&rft.pub=Forgotten+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.co.uk%2F9781332268122%2FLife-Work-Sir-Hiram-Maxim-1332268129%2Fplp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim">"Hiram Stevens Maxim"</a>. Grace's Guide<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hiram+Stevens+Maxim&rft.pub=Grace%27s+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gracesguide.co.uk%2FHiram_Stevens_Maxim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CH48DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22hiram+maxim%22+%22protestant%22&pg=PA220"><i>Inventing Modern: Growing up with X-Rays, Skyscrapers, and Tailfins</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 18 May 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518951-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518951-3"><bdi>978-0-19-518951-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventing+Modern%3A+Growing+up+with+X-Rays%2C+Skyscrapers%2C+and+Tailfins&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-05-18&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518951-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCH48DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522hiram%2Bmaxim%2522%2B%2522protestant%2522%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sir Hiram Maxim's great Invention", <i>The Times</i>, 19 July 1910.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm Brown <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0CEFDE1E38F935A15752C1A963948260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=all">100 years of 'Maxim's Killing Machine'</a> <i>New York Times</i>, 26 November 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228062322/http://www.sangerville.lib.me.us/hiram.html">"Hiram's inventions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangerville.lib.me.us/hiram.html">the original</a> on 28 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2003</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hiram%27s+inventions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangerville.lib.me.us%2Fhiram.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChinn1951" class="citation cs2">Chinn, George M. (1951), <i>The Machine Gun</i>, vol. I, Bureau of Ordnance</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Machine+Gun&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Ordnance&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Chinn&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Weinreb & Christopher Hibbert, <i>The London Encyclopedia</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57688-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57688-8">0-333-57688-8</a> <i>Serbia House</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Action By Sir Hiram Maxim, <i>The Times</i>, 16 January 1915.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPenrose1967" class="citation book cs1">Penrose, Harald (1967). <i>British Aviation: The Pioneer Years</i>. London: Putnam. pp. <span class="nowrap">22–</span>23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Aviation%3A+The+Pioneer+Years&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.aufirst=Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPenrose1967">Penrose 1967</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/bexley/322679.inventors_mansion_in_line_for_makeover/">"Baldwyn's Park Mansion"</a>. <i>News Shopper</i>. 11 February 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Shopper&rft.atitle=Baldwyn%27s+Park+Mansion&rft.date=2002-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsshopper.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbexley%2F322679.inventors_mansion_in_line_for_makeover%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPenrose1967">Penrose 1967</a>, pp. 33–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Death of Sir Hiram Maxim. A Famous Inventor, Automatic Guns And Aeronautics". <i>The Times</i>. 25 November 1916.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Death+of+Sir+Hiram+Maxim.+A+Famous+Inventor%2C+Automatic+Guns+And+Aeronautics&rft.date=1916-11-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wragg-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wragg_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wragg, D.; "Flight Before Flying", Osprey (1974).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeril1967" class="citation book cs1">Beril, Becker (1967). <i>Dreams and Realities of the Conquest of the Skies</i>. New York: Atheneum. pp. <span class="nowrap">124–</span>125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dreams+and+Realities+of+the+Conquest+of+the+Skies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E124-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.pub=Atheneum&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Beril&rft.aufirst=Becker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>My Life</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B00E6DB1439E333A2575AC2A9659C946096D6CF">"Maxim Leads Air Company. Grahame-White, Bleriot and Maxim Company with $1,000,000 Capital"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. 29 March 1911. p. 1. <q>Sir Hiram Maxim, who has just resigned from the ordnance firm with which his name has been for so long connected, will be the Chairman of a new company to be known as the Grahame-White, Bleriot, and Maxim Company, limited, with a total authorized capital of 200,000 ($1,000,000.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Maxim+Leads+Air+Company.+Grahame-White%2C+Bleriot+and+Maxim+Company+with+%241%2C000%2C000+Capital.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1911-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9B00E6DB1439E333A2575AC2A9659C946096D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sir Hiram Maxim's Resignation. The Inventor And Aviation", <i>The Times</i>, 23 March 1911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_McCabe1950" class="citation book cs1">Joseph McCabe (1950). <i>A Rationalist Encyclopaedia: a book of reference on religion, philosophy, ethics, and science</i> (2 ed.). Watts. p. 384. <q>He was a member of the firm of Vickers' Sons and Maxim. Maxim was an aggressive Atheist (personal knowledge) and the compiler (with the present writer) of the collection of solid criticisms of religion...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Rationalist+Encyclopaedia%3A+a+book+of+reference+on+religion%2C+philosophy%2C+ethics%2C+and+science&rft.pages=384&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Watts&rft.date=1950&rft.au=Joseph+McCabe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Freethinker, Volume 92</i>. G.W. Foote. 1972. p. 45. <q>Now Maxim really way a militant atheist!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Freethinker%2C+Volume+92&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=G.W.+Foote&rft.date=1972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiram_Stevens_Maxim_1913_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHiram_Stevens_Maxim1913" class="citation book cs1">Hiram Stevens Maxim (1913). <i>Li Hung Chang's Scrapbook</i>. Watts & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Li+Hung+Chang%27s+Scrapbook&rft.pub=Watts+%26+Co&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Hiram+Stevens+Maxim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scrapbook_Foreword-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scrapbook_Foreword_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scrapbook_Foreword_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Li Hung Chang's Scrapbook</i>, Foreword, p. x.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/maxim_hi.html">"Who Made America"</a>. PBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Made+America&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Ftheymadeamerica%2Fwhomade%2Fmaxim_hi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGazette27122" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27122/page/6011">"No. 27122"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 3 October 1899. p. 6011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27122&rft.pages=6011&rft.date=1899-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27122%2Fpage%2F6011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228062322/http://www.sangerville.lib.me.us/hiram.html">"The Town of Two Knights"</a>. Sangerville Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangerville.lib.me.us/hiram.html">the original</a> on 28 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2003</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Town+of+Two+Knights&rft.pub=Sangerville+Public+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangerville.lib.me.us%2Fhiram.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawkey_2001-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hawkey_2001_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hawkey_2001_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawkey2001" class="citation book cs1">Hawkey, Arthur (2001). <i>The Amazing Hiram Maxim</i>. Staplehurst: Spellmount.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazing+Hiram+Maxim&rft.place=Staplehurst&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Hawkey&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGazette27285" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27285/page/1145">"No. 27285"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 15 February 1901. p. 1145.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27285&rft.pages=1145&rft.date=1901-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27285%2Fpage%2F1145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=OSGw25ViVJ6unrlLfnAVuQ&scan=1">"Index entry"</a>. <i>FreeBMD</i>. ONS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeBMD&rft.atitle=Index+entry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebmd.org.uk%2Fcgi%2Finformation.pl%3Fcite%3DOSGw25ViVJ6unrlLfnAVuQ%26scan%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGazette29892" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29892/page/317">"No. 29892"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 5 January 1917. p. 317.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29892&rft.pages=317&rft.date=1917-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29892%2Fpage%2F317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Hiram Percy Maxim, Wireless Amateur No. 1, Defended Rights of Youth". <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. 23 February 1936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hiram+Percy+Maxim%2C+Wireless+Amateur+No.+1%2C+Defended+Rights+of+Youth&rft.date=1936-02-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Percy_Maxim" title="Hiram Percy Maxim">Maxim, Hiram Percy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lateralscience.blogspot.com/2014/11/a-genius-in-family-by-hiram-percy-maxim.html"><i>A Genius in the Family</i></a>, Lateral Science. Accessed 6 August 2019. "We moved to Fanwood, New Jersey, in the spring of 1875. My father used to come out from New York on Saturday afternoons and remain with us until Monday morning."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930103659/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742801,00.html">"Noise's Bogeyman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 4 January 1932. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742801,00.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Noise%27s+Bogeyman&rft.date=1932-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C742801%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxim1936" class="citation book cs1">Maxim, Hiram Percy (1936). <i>A Genius in the Family</i>. London: Michael Joseph Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Genius+in+the+Family&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph+Ltd.&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Maxim&rft.aufirst=Hiram+Percy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=odlOILg14gBCqvAm3q2P%2Bw&scan=1">"Index entry"</a>. <i>FreeBMD</i>. ONS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeBMD&rft.atitle=Index+entry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebmd.org.uk%2Fcgi%2Finformation.pl%3Fcite%3DodlOILg14gBCqvAm3q2P%252Bw%26scan%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=HRdsH%2FflIig0oETHEJBXZQ&scan=1">"Index entry"</a>. <i>FreeBMD</i>. ONS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeBMD&rft.atitle=Index+entry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebmd.org.uk%2Fcgi%2Finformation.pl%3Fcite%3DHRdsH%252FflIig0oETHEJBXZQ%26scan%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_San_Francisco_Call1898" class="citation web cs1">The San Francisco Call (21 October 1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1898-10-09/ed-1/seq-3/print/image_681x648_from_3276%2C3907_to_5099%2C5643/">"Inventor Maxim Arrested For Bigamy"</a>. <i>Chronicling America</i>. The San Francisco Call<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chronicling+America&rft.atitle=Inventor+Maxim+Arrested+For+Bigamy&rft.date=1898-10-21&rft.au=The+San+Francisco+Call&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85066387%2F1898-10-09%2Fed-1%2Fseq-3%2Fprint%2Fimage_681x648_from_3276%252C3907_to_5099%252C5643%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawkey2001" class="citation book cs1">Hawkey, Arthur (2001). <i>The Amazing Hiram Maxim</i>. Staplehurst: Spellmount. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86227-141-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-86227-141-0"><bdi>1-86227-141-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazing+Hiram+Maxim&rft.place=Staplehurst&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-86227-141-0&rft.aulast=Hawkey&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHiram+Maxim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hiram Stevens Maxim">Hiram Stevens Maxim</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Hiram_Stevens_Maxim" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Hiram Stevens Maxim">Hiram Stevens Maxim</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/43230">Works by Hiram Maxim</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%20Stevens%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Maxim%2C%20H%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hiram%20Stevens%20Maxim%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hiram%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22H%2E%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hiram%20Maxim%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hiram%20Stevens%20Maxim%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hiram%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20Stevens%20Maxim%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%20Stevens%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Maxim%2C%20H%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Maxim%2C%20H%2E%20Stevens%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hiram%20Maxim%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Hiram%20Stevens%20Maxim%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Hiram%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20title%3A%22H%2E%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Hiram%20Maxim%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hiram%20Stevens%20Maxim%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hiram%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20description%3A%22H%2E%20S%2E%20Maxim%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%20Stevens%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%20S%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hiram%20Maxim%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Maxim%2C%20Hiram%22%29%20OR%20%28%221840-1916%22%20AND%20Maxim%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Hiram Maxim</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangerville.lib.me.us/hiram.html">A Tale of Two Knights: Sir Hiram Maxim</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228062322/http://www.sangerville.lib.me.us/hiram.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pionnair-ge.com/spip1/article.php3?id_article=230">H.Maxim and A.Liwentaal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.s104638357.websitehome.co.uk/html/birthday_maxim_01.htm">Coaster Kingdom</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016232150/http://www.scientificamericanpast.com/Scientific%20American%201880%20to%201889/6/lg/sci351881.htm">Mammoth Fire Boat Designed By H. S. Maxim,. M.E.</a> <i>Scientific American</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.frognet.net/~ejcov/hsmaxim.html">Hiram S. Maxim</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711135747/http://gunstribune.com/constructors/hiram-maxim">Hiram Maxim on GunsTribune</a></li> <li>H. S. Maxim, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gwern.net/doc/technology/1891-maxim.pdf">"Aerial Navigation: The Power Required"</a>. <i>The Century Magazine</i> Vol. XLII, No. 6, October 1891, pp. 829-836</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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