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(PDF) THEORY AND PRACTICE: ORGANIC INTELLECTUALS AND REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS IN DETROIT'S BLACK POWER MOVEMENT, 1954-1972 | Matthew Birkhold - Academia.edu
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Even though the League disappeared in 1971, its role was significant, and it allows us to write a more complex history of the Black Power Movement by linking the Old Left with the New Left. Its internal quarrels were not only due to clashes of ego but, instead, reflected actual political differences.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Radical Motown, Radical Heritage: The League of Revolutionary Black Workers","attachmentId":87348262,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81231688/Radical_Motown_Radical_Heritage_The_League_of_Revolutionary_Black_Workers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81231688/Radical_Motown_Radical_Heritage_The_League_of_Revolutionary_Black_Workers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="100641097" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100641097/Re_Conceptualizing_the_Black_Student_Movement_in_the_Black_Activist_Intellectual_Tradition_A_Case_Study_in_Los_Angeles_1965_1975">Re-Conceptualizing the Black Student Movement in the Black Activist-Intellectual Tradition: A Case Study in Los Angeles, 1965-1975</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88057685" href="https://iusd.academia.edu/MKeithClaybrook">M. Keith Claybrook</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of African American Studies, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article examines Black student activism in the context of the Black activistintellectual tradition. It explores activism as a form of learning. Examining the Black Student Movement in Los Angeles from 1965 to 1975 in the context of student engagement and high impact educational practices reveals that (1) it is appropriate to analyze the Black Student Movement, and related social movements, in the context of student engagement and high impact practices highlighting the intellectual agency of Black student activists, and (2) that the Black Student Movement of the 1960s and 70 s were part of the Black activist-intellectual tradition requiring a reconceptualization of Black student activists as intellectuals. This case study draws upon autobiographies and semi-structured interviews of former Black student activists illustrating that activism is an intellectually and academically enriching activity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Re-Conceptualizing the Black Student Movement in the Black Activist-Intellectual Tradition: A Case Study in Los Angeles, 1965-1975","attachmentId":101406029,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100641097/Re_Conceptualizing_the_Black_Student_Movement_in_the_Black_Activist_Intellectual_Tradition_A_Case_Study_in_Los_Angeles_1965_1975","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100641097/Re_Conceptualizing_the_Black_Student_Movement_in_the_Black_Activist_Intellectual_Tradition_A_Case_Study_in_Los_Angeles_1965_1975"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3381845" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3381845/Redefining_Blackness_The_Past_and_Contemporary_Memory_of_the_Black_Power_Movement_in_America">Redefining Blackness: The Past and Contemporary Memory of the Black Power Movement in America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1662987" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/NancyMusinguzi">Nance M Musinguzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">My research paper will discuss the elements of black consciousness and the unification of the African Diaspora through the establishment of the Black Power Movement, particularly focusing on the ideologies and teachings of black revolutionary leaders Malcolm X and Stockley Carmichael. I look to examine how the discovery of an ethnic identity can reshape the attitudes of black-Americans, specifically on the ideas of American citizenship, privilege and nationalist ideology. Does the prior memory of one’s being still remain – whether embraced or rejected – or does the embrace of a newfound identity override its remnants? What do nationalism and its historical rooting in Pan-Africanism do to this renewed identity? How has the definition of blackness been refined over the course of 15 years during this era of ethnic rebirth? As Carmichael stated, “We must do as Brother Malcolm says, we should examine history” in redefining and reclaiming the essence of blackness. The end goal of the Movement was to encourage black youth in America to adopt the black nationalist principles to transcend political, economic and social barriers and to empower the self through a revamped image of the Afro-American, the re-invention of the meaning of blackness, particularly against antitheses of normative societal expectations of the black community. Thus, through the re-examination of history, Malcolm X and Stockley Carmichael ignited black youth to redefine the ideals of “blackness” through empowerment by means of the Black Power Movement and ideas of black consciousness, in addition to restoring the essence of the Black experience within an American construct utilizing political power, shifting attitudes and thoughts of the black-American identity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Redefining Blackness: The Past and Contemporary Memory of the Black Power Movement in America","attachmentId":31178920,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3381845/Redefining_Blackness_The_Past_and_Contemporary_Memory_of_the_Black_Power_Movement_in_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3381845/Redefining_Blackness_The_Past_and_Contemporary_Memory_of_the_Black_Power_Movement_in_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1746960" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1746960/Black_Marxism_The_Making_of_the_Black_Radical_Tradition_">Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition~</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="247374" href="https://evc.academia.edu/FelaAmiriUhuru">Fela Amiri Uhuru</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition~","attachmentId":9438275,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1746960/Black_Marxism_The_Making_of_the_Black_Radical_Tradition_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1746960/Black_Marxism_The_Making_of_the_Black_Radical_Tradition_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50868441,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50868441,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_50868441" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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