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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phytochemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phytochemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Phytochemistry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phytochemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phytochemistry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phytochemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flavor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flavor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Flavor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flavor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Toxicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mango</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamplam" title="Mamplam – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mamplam" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%AC" title="أنبج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنبج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D6%85" title="Մանկօ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մանկօ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE" title="আম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamincic_ka_mirokisitc" title="Wamincic ka mirokisitc – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Wamincic ka mirokisitc" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catu%C3%B1a" title="Catuña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Catuña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangoro" title="Mangoro – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Mangoro" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE" title="আম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Манга (плод) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манга (плод)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE" title="आम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mangga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangez" title="Mangez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mangez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(fruita)" title="Mango (fruita) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mango (fruita)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94%C5%8Bgu" title="Mɔŋgu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mɔŋgu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangofrucht" title="Mangofrucht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mangofrucht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%84%DE%AA" title="އަނބު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަނބު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naakaii_bich%CA%BCil_%C5%82itsxoo%C3%AD" title="Naakaii bichʼil łitsxooí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naakaii bichʼil łitsxooí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AE" title="आँम – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="आँम" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2" title="ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF" title="Μάνγκο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάνγκο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(fruta)" title="Mango (fruta) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mango (fruta)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(frukto)" title="Mango (frukto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mango (frukto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%8Bgo" title="Maŋgo – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Maŋgo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87" title="انبه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انبه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangue" title="Mangue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mangue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga_(froita)" title="Manga (froita) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manga (froita)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="કેરી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કેરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambo" title="Ambo – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Ambo" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A2n-son" title="Fân-son – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fân-son" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EA%B3%A0" title="망고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="망고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangoro" title="Mangoro – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mangoro" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8_(%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A3)" title="Մանգո (միրգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանգո (միրգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE" title="आम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mangga" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mempelam" title="Mempelam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mempelam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Манго – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Манго" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Mango" title="I-Mango – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Mango" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%B3" title="Mangó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mangó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(frutto)" title="Mango (frutto) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mango (frutto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95" title="מנגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelem" title="Pelem – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pelem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81" title="ಮಾವು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾವು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mangga" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D" title="მანგო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანგო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umwembe" title="Umwembe – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umwembe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embe" title="Embe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Embe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Манго – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Манго" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga" title="Manga – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Manga" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88)" title="Манго (жемиш) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Манго (жемиш)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Манго – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Манго" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Манго – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Манго" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangus" title="Mangus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mangus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangas" title="Mangas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mangas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE" title="आम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga" title="Manga – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manga" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99" title="മാങ്ങ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാങ്ങ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="आंबा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंबा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="منجا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منجا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mangga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A7" title="ꯍꯩꯅꯧ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯩꯅꯧ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="သရက်သီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သရက်သီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(fruit)" title="Mango (fruit) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mango (fruit)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AA" title="आँप – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आँप" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82" title="अं – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga_(fruch)" title="Manga (fruch) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manga (fruch)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalafee" title="Ambalafee – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ambalafee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(meva)" title="Mango (meva) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mango (meva)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC" title="ਅੰਬ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="امب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manggo" title="Manggo – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Manggo" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Манго – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Манго" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99" title="ស្វាយ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្វាយ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(owoc)" title="Mango (owoc) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mango (owoc)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga_(fruta)" title="Manga (fruta) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manga (fruta)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%AB" title="Vī – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Vī" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(fruct)" title="Mango (fruct) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mango (fruct)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82)" title="Манго (фрукт) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манго (фрукт)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2ngo" title="Mângo – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Mângo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="امب – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="امب" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menk%C3%B4" title="Menkô – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Menkô" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangu" title="Mangu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mangu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8" title="انب – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambe" title="Cambe – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cambe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(plod)" title="Mango (plod) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mango (plod)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manggah" title="Manggah – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Manggah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(hedelm%C3%A4)" title="Mango (hedelmä) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mango (hedelmä)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(frukt)" title="Mango (frukt) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mango (frukt)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mangga" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாம்பழம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாம்பழம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88)" title="Манго (җимеш) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Манго (җимеш)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%8Bgaa" title="Maŋgaa – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Maŋgaa" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Анба (мева) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Анба (мева)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81" title="ಕುಕ್ಕು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕುಕ್ಕು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amango" title="Amango – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Amango" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1manggorong" title="A̱manggorong – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱manggorong" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Манго – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Манго" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82)" title="Манго (фрукт) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манго (фрукт)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85" title="آم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88" title="مانگو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مانگو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makmanghgoj" title="Makmanghgoj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Makmanghgoj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%C3%A0i" title="Xoài – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xoài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monku" title="Monku – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Monku" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A7%E6%9E%9C" title="杧果 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="杧果" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mangga" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manghozi" title="Manghozi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Manghozi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%92%E6%9E%9C" title="芒果 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="芒果" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%92%E6%9E%9C" title="芒果 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="芒果" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaga" title="Amaga – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Amaga" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manggo" title="Manggo – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Manggo" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%92" title="ᥛᥣᥐᥱ ᥛᥨᥒ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥣᥐᥱ ᥛᥨᥒ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of fruit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the fruit. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mango_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mango (disambiguation)">Mango (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangos_-_single_and_halved.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mangos_-_single_and_halved.jpg/300px-Mangos_-_single_and_halved.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mangos_-_single_and_halved.jpg/450px-Mangos_-_single_and_halved.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mangos_-_single_and_halved.jpg/600px-Mangos_-_single_and_halved.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption>Mango fruits – single and halved</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>mango</b> is an edible <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">stone fruit</a> produced by the tropical tree <i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mangifera indica</a></i>. It originated from the region between northwestern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, and northeastern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warschefsky_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warschefsky-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>M. indica</i> has been cultivated in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warschefsky_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warschefsky-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera" title="Mangifera">Mangifera</a></i> also produce edible fruits that are also called "mangoes", the majority of which are found in the <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesian</a> ecoregion.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worldwide, there are several hundred <a href="/wiki/List_of_mango_cultivars" title="List of mango cultivars">cultivars of mango</a>. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mango is the <a href="/wiki/National_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="National fruit">national fruit</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the mango tree is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_trees" title="List of national trees">national tree</a> of Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-bdnews24.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdnews24.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The English word <i>mango</i> (plural "mangoes" or "mangos") originated in the <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> word <i>manga</i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> <i>mangga</i>, and ultimately from the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> <i>man</i> ("mango tree") + <i>kay</i> ("unripe fruit/vegetable").<sup id="cite_ref-oed_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prakash_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prakash-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scientific name, <i>Mangifera indica</i>, refers to a plant bearing mangoes in India.<sup id="cite_ref-prakash_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prakash-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <p>Mango trees grow to 30–40 metres (98–131 feet) tall, with a crown radius of 10–15 m (33–49 ft). The trees are long-lived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Californiararefruitgrowers_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Californiararefruitgrowers-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In deep soil, the <a href="/wiki/Taproot" title="Taproot">taproot</a> descends to a depth of 6 m (20 ft), with profuse, wide-spreading feeder roots and anchor roots penetrating deeply into the soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a>, alternate, simple, 15–35 centimetres (6–14 inches) long, and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>6–16 cm (<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–<span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) broad; when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark, glossy red, then dark green as they mature.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are produced in terminal <a href="/wiki/Panicle" title="Panicle">panicles</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">10–40 cm (4–<span class="frac">15<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) long; each flower is small and white with five petals <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5–10 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) long, with a mild, sweet fragrance.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 500 <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">varieties</a> of mangoes are known,<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of which ripen in summer, while some give a double crop.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruit takes four to five months from flowering to ripening.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ripe fruit varies according to cultivar in size, shape, color, sweetness, and eating quality.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the cultivar, fruits are variously yellow, orange, red, or green.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruit has a single flat, oblong <a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">pit</a> that can be <a href="/wiki/Fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre">fibrous</a> or hairy on the surface and does not separate easily from the pulp.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruits may be somewhat round, oval, or <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a>-shaped, ranging from 5–25 centimetres (2–10 in) in length and from 140 grams (5 oz) to 2 kilograms (5 lb) in weight per individual fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The skin is leather-like, waxy, smooth, and fragrant, with colors ranging from green to yellow, yellow-orange, yellow-red, or blushed with various shades of red, purple, pink, or yellow when fully ripe.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ripe intact mangoes give off a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resinous</a>, sweet smell.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside the pit 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) thick is a thin lining covering a single <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a>, 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in) long. Mangoes have <a href="/wiki/Recalcitrant_seed" title="Recalcitrant seed">recalcitrant seeds</a> which do not survive freezing and drying.<sup id="cite_ref-osu_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osu-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mango trees grow readily from seeds, with <a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">germination</a> success highest when seeds are obtained from mature fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MangoImmatureFruits.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Flowers and immature fruits on an 'Alphonso' tree"><img alt="Flowers and immature fruits on an 'Alphonso' tree" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/MangoImmatureFruits.JPG/90px-MangoImmatureFruits.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/MangoImmatureFruits.JPG/135px-MangoImmatureFruits.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/MangoImmatureFruits.JPG/180px-MangoImmatureFruits.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flowers and immature fruits on an <a href="/wiki/Alphonso_(mango)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonso (mango)">'Alphonso'</a> tree</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mango_tree_with_fruit_in_Rinc%C3%B3n,_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unripe mangos in Rincón, Puerto Rico"><img alt="Unripe mangos in Rincón, Puerto Rico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mango_tree_with_fruit_in_Rinc%C3%B3n%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/120px-Mango_tree_with_fruit_in_Rinc%C3%B3n%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mango_tree_with_fruit_in_Rinc%C3%B3n%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/180px-Mango_tree_with_fruit_in_Rinc%C3%B3n%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mango_tree_with_fruit_in_Rinc%C3%B3n%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/240px-Mango_tree_with_fruit_in_Rinc%C3%B3n%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unripe mangos in <a href="/wiki/Rinc%C3%B3n,_Puerto_Rico" title="Rincón, Puerto Rico">Rincón, Puerto Rico</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangifera_indica_pit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The seed inside of a mango pit"><img alt="The seed inside of a mango pit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mangifera_indica_pit.jpg/120px-Mangifera_indica_pit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mangifera_indica_pit.jpg/180px-Mangifera_indica_pit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mangifera_indica_pit.jpg/240px-Mangifera_indica_pit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The seed inside of a mango pit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Himsagar%27_mango_stone_(seed).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A mango stone"><img alt="A mango stone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%27Himsagar%27_mango_stone_%28seed%29.jpg/104px-%27Himsagar%27_mango_stone_%28seed%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%27Himsagar%27_mango_stone_%28seed%29.jpg/157px-%27Himsagar%27_mango_stone_%28seed%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%27Himsagar%27_mango_stone_%28seed%29.jpg/209px-%27Himsagar%27_mango_stone_%28seed%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="979" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A mango <a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">stone</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:09251jfFilipino_foods_fruits_Bulacan_landmarksfvf_37.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/09251jfFilipino_foods_fruits_Bulacan_landmarksfvf_37.jpg/220px-09251jfFilipino_foods_fruits_Bulacan_landmarksfvf_37.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/09251jfFilipino_foods_fruits_Bulacan_landmarksfvf_37.jpg/330px-09251jfFilipino_foods_fruits_Bulacan_landmarksfvf_37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/09251jfFilipino_foods_fruits_Bulacan_landmarksfvf_37.jpg/440px-09251jfFilipino_foods_fruits_Bulacan_landmarksfvf_37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carabao_mango" class="mw-redirect" title="Carabao mango">'Carabao'</a>, a typical "Southeast Asian type" <a href="/wiki/Polyembryonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyembryonic">polyembryonic</a> mango cultivar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mango_LangraBenarsi_Asit_fs8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mango_LangraBenarsi_Asit_fs8.jpg/220px-Mango_LangraBenarsi_Asit_fs8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mango_LangraBenarsi_Asit_fs8.jpg/330px-Mango_LangraBenarsi_Asit_fs8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mango_LangraBenarsi_Asit_fs8.jpg/440px-Mango_LangraBenarsi_Asit_fs8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Langra_mango" class="mw-redirect" title="Langra mango">'Langra'</a>, a typical "Indian type" <a href="/wiki/Monoembryonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoembryonic">monoembryonic</a> mango cultivar</figcaption></figure> <p>Mangoes originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warschefsky_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warschefsky-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mango is considered an <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anachronism" title="Evolutionary anachronism">evolutionary anachronism</a>, whereby <a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">seed dispersal</a> was once accomplished by a now-<a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> evolutionary <a href="/wiki/Foraging" title="Foraging">forager</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">megafauna</a> mammal.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From their center of origin, mangoes diverged into two genetically distinct populations: the subtropical Indian group and the tropical Southeast Asian group. The Indian group is characterized by having <a href="/wiki/Monoembryonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoembryonic">monoembryonic</a> fruits, while <a href="/wiki/Polyembryonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyembryonic">polyembryonic</a> fruits characterize the Southeast Asian group.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warschefsky_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warschefsky-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was previously believed that mangoes originated from a single <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domestication</a> event in South Asia before being spread to Southeast Asia, but a 2019 study found no evidence of a center of diversity in India. Instead, it identified a higher unique genetic diversity in Southeast Asian cultivars than in Indian cultivars, indicating that mangoes may have originally been domesticated first in Southeast Asia before being introduced to South Asia. However, the authors also cautioned that the diversity in Southeast Asian mangoes might be the result of other reasons (like <a href="/wiki/Interspecific_hybridization" class="mw-redirect" title="Interspecific hybridization">interspecific hybridization</a> with other <i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera" title="Mangifera">Mangifera</a></i> species native to the <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesian</a> ecoregion). Nevertheless, the existence of two distinct genetic populations also identified by the study indicates that the domestication of the mango is more complex than previously assumed and would at least indicate multiple domestication events in Southeast Asia and South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warschefsky_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warschefsky-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mango_cultivars" title="List of mango cultivars">List of mango cultivars</a></div> <p>There are hundreds of named mango cultivars. In mango <a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">orchards</a>, several cultivars are often grown to improve pollination. Many desired cultivars are <a href="/wiki/Monoembryony" title="Monoembryony">monoembryonic</a> and must be propagated by <a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafting</a>, or they do not breed true. A common monoembryonic cultivar is <a href="/wiki/Alphonso_(mango)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonso (mango)">'Alphonso'</a>, an important export product, considered "the king of mangoes".<sup id="cite_ref-NYTAllen_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTAllen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cultivars that excel in one climate may fail elsewhere. For example, Indian cultivars such as 'Julie,' a prolific cultivar in Jamaica, require annual <a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">fungicide</a> treatments to escape the lethal <a href="/wiki/Fungal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungal disease">fungal disease</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthracnose" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthracnose">anthracnose</a> in Florida. Asian mangoes are resistant to anthracnose.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current world market is dominated by the cultivar <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Atkins_(mango)" title="Tommy Atkins (mango)">'Tommy Atkins'</a>, a seedling of <a href="/wiki/Haden_(mango)" title="Haden (mango)">'Haden'</a> that first fruited in 1940 in southern Florida and was initially rejected commercially by Florida researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Growers and importers worldwide have embraced the cultivar for its excellent productivity and disease resistance, <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>, transportability, size, and appealing color.<sup id="cite_ref-star_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Tommy Atkins cultivar is commercially successful, other cultivars may be preferred by consumers for eating pleasure, such as Alphonso.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTAllen_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTAllen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-star_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally, ripe mangoes have an orange-yellow or reddish peel and are juicy for eating, while exported fruit are often picked while underripe with green peels. Although producing <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_as_a_plant_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylene as a plant hormone">ethylene</a> while ripening, unripened exported mangoes do not have the same juiciness or flavor as fresh fruit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mango_Tree_in_Palestine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mango_Tree_in_Palestine.jpg/220px-Mango_Tree_in_Palestine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mango_Tree_in_Palestine.jpg/330px-Mango_Tree_in_Palestine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mango_Tree_in_Palestine.jpg/440px-Mango_Tree_in_Palestine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Mango tree in Palestine</figcaption></figure> <p>From tropical Asia, mangoes were introduced to East Africa by <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> traders in the ninth to tenth centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnsminger19951373_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnsminger19951373-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 14th-century Moroccan traveler <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> reported it at <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-watson_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watson-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was spread further into other areas around the world during the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Era">Colonial Era</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> spread the mango from their colony in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> to East and West Africa. From West Africa, they introduced it to Brazil from the 16th to the 17th centuries. From Brazil, it spread northwards to the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and eastern Mexico by the mid to late 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> also introduced mangoes directly from the Philippines to western Mexico via the <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleons</a> from at least the 16th century. Mangoes were only introduced to Florida by 1833.<sup id="cite_ref-Warschefsky_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warschefsky-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pg_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pg-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2></div> <p>The mango is now cultivated in most <a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">frost</a>-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates. It is cultivated extensively in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, the tropical and subtropical Americas, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Altendorf_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altendorf-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mangoes are also grown in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, Spain (mainly in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga province</a>), as its coastal subtropical climate is one of the few places in mainland Europe that permits the growth of tropical plants and fruit trees. The <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> are another notable Spanish producer of the fruit. Other minor cultivators include North America (in South Florida and the California <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a>), Hawai'i, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many commercial <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> are grafted onto the cold-hardy rootstock of the <i>Gomera-1</i> mango cultivar, originally from Cuba. Its root system is well adapted to a coastal Mediterranean climate.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the 1,000+ mango cultivars are easily <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">cultivated</a> using grafted saplings, ranging from the "turpentine mango" (named for its strong taste of <a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">turpentine</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to the Bullock's Heart. Dwarf or semidwarf varieties serve as <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a> and can be grown in containers. A <a href="/wiki/List_of_mango_diseases" title="List of mango diseases">wide variety of diseases</a> can afflict mangoes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:15em; margin: 20px 20px 0px 20px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Mango* production – 2022 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf;">Country </th> <th style="background:#ddf;"><small>millions of <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td><div style="float:right;">26.3</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td><div style="float:right;">4.1</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td><div style="float:right;">3.8</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2.8</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2.5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2.1</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>World</b></td> <td><div style="float:right;"><b>59.2</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>* includes mangosteens and guavas reported to FAOSTAT</small><br /><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> of the United Nations</small><sup id="cite_ref-faostat_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A breakthrough in mango cultivation was the use of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">potassium nitrate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethrel">ethrel</a> to induce flowering in mangoes. The discovery was made by <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> <a href="/wiki/Horticulturist" class="mw-redirect" title="Horticulturist">horticulturist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Barba" title="Ramon Barba">Ramon Barba</a> in 1974 and was developed from the unique traditional method of inducing mango flowering using smoke in the Philippines. It allowed mango plantations to induce regular flowering and fruiting year-round. Previously, mangoes were seasonal because they only flowered every 16 to 18 months. The method is now used in most mango-producing countries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nagao_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nagao-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <p>In 2022, world production of mangoes (report includes <a href="/wiki/Mangosteen" title="Mangosteen">mangosteens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guava" title="Guava">guavas</a>) was 59 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by India with 44% of the total (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mango" title="Special:EditPage/Mango">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mango%22">"Mango"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mango%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mango%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mango%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mango%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mango%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mangoes are generally sweet, although the taste and texture of the flesh vary across cultivars; some, such as <a href="/wiki/Alphonso_(mango)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonso (mango)">Alphonso</a>, have a soft, pulpy, juicy texture similar to an overripe <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plum</a>, while others, such as <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Atkins_(mango)" title="Tommy Atkins (mango)">Tommy Atkins</a>, are firmer with a fibrous texture.<sup id="cite_ref-clark_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clark-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The skin of unripe, <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickled</a>, or cooked mango can be eaten, but it has the potential to cause <a href="/wiki/Contact_dermatitis" title="Contact dermatitis">contact dermatitis</a> of the lips, <a href="/wiki/Gingiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingiva">gingiva</a>, or tongue in susceptible people.<sup id="cite_ref-Sareen_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sareen-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carabao_mangoes_(Philippines).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The "hedgehog" style of preparation on Carabao mangoes"><img alt="The "hedgehog" style of preparation on Carabao mangoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Carabao_mangoes_%28Philippines%29.jpg/120px-Carabao_mangoes_%28Philippines%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Carabao_mangoes_%28Philippines%29.jpg/180px-Carabao_mangoes_%28Philippines%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Carabao_mangoes_%28Philippines%29.jpg/240px-Carabao_mangoes_%28Philippines%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="1988" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "hedgehog" style of preparation on <a href="/wiki/Carabao_mango" class="mw-redirect" title="Carabao mango">Carabao mangoes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mango_inner.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Alphonso mango chunks"><img alt="Alphonso mango chunks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mango_inner.png/120px-Mango_inner.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mango_inner.png/180px-Mango_inner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mango_inner.png/240px-Mango_inner.png 2x" data-file-width="4711" data-file-height="2679" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alphonso mango chunks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MANGO_SEASON_(562892060).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sliced Ataulfo mangoes"><img alt="Sliced Ataulfo mangoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/MANGO_SEASON_%28562892060%29.jpg/120px-MANGO_SEASON_%28562892060%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/MANGO_SEASON_%28562892060%29.jpg/180px-MANGO_SEASON_%28562892060%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/MANGO_SEASON_%28562892060%29.jpg/240px-MANGO_SEASON_%28562892060%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sliced <a href="/wiki/Ataulfo_(mango)" title="Ataulfo (mango)">Ataulfo</a> mangoes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A glass of mango juice"><img alt="A glass of mango juice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg/90px-Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg/135px-Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg/180px-Glass_of_Mango_Juice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A glass of mango juice</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mango_Chutney.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mango chutney"><img alt="Mango chutney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mango_Chutney.jpg/120px-Mango_Chutney.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mango_Chutney.jpg/180px-Mango_Chutney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mango_Chutney.jpg/240px-Mango_Chutney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mango <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutney</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_mangoes_with_vinegar,_chili,_salt,_and_soy_sauce_(Philippines)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sour unripe mangoes eaten with shrimp paste, salt, chili, vinegar or soy sauce in the Philippines"><img alt="Sour unripe mangoes eaten with shrimp paste, salt, chili, vinegar or soy sauce in the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Green_mangoes_with_vinegar%2C_chili%2C_salt%2C_and_soy_sauce_%28Philippines%29_01.jpg/106px-Green_mangoes_with_vinegar%2C_chili%2C_salt%2C_and_soy_sauce_%28Philippines%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Green_mangoes_with_vinegar%2C_chili%2C_salt%2C_and_soy_sauce_%28Philippines%29_01.jpg/159px-Green_mangoes_with_vinegar%2C_chili%2C_salt%2C_and_soy_sauce_%28Philippines%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Green_mangoes_with_vinegar%2C_chili%2C_salt%2C_and_soy_sauce_%28Philippines%29_01.jpg/212px-Green_mangoes_with_vinegar%2C_chili%2C_salt%2C_and_soy_sauce_%28Philippines%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2060" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sour unripe mangoes eaten with <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">shrimp paste</a>, salt, chili, <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Many varieties of Mango from India"><img alt="Many varieties of Mango from India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg/120px-Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg/180px-Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg/240px-Mangoes_sold_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Many varieties of Mango from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Mangoes are used in many cuisines. Sour, unripe mangoes are used in <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutneys</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Mango_chutney" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango chutney">mango chutney</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mango_pickle" title="Mango pickle">pickles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">daals</a> and other side dishes in <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian cuisine</a>. A summer drink called <i><a href="/wiki/Aam_panna" title="Aam panna">aam panna</a></i> is made with mangoes. Mango pulp made into jelly or cooked with red gram <i><a href="/wiki/Dhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhal">dhal</a></i> and green chilies may be served with cooked rice. <a href="/wiki/Mango_lassi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango lassi">Mango lassi</a> is consumed throughout South Asia, prepared by mixing ripe mangoes or mango pulp with <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a> and sugar. Ripe mangoes are also used to make curries. <i><a href="/wiki/Aamras" title="Aamras">Aamras</a></i> is a thick juice made of mangoes with sugar or milk and is consumed with <i><a href="/wiki/Chapatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapatis">chapatis</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Pooris" class="mw-redirect" title="Pooris">pooris</a></i>. The pulp from ripe mangoes is also used to make jam called <i>mangada</i>. <i> Andhra <a href="/wiki/Aavakaaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Aavakaaya">aavakaaya</a></i> is a pickle made from raw, unripe, pulpy, and sour mango mixed with chili powder, <a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">fenugreek</a> seeds, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustard powder">mustard powder</a>, salt, and <a href="/wiki/Groundnut_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Groundnut oil">groundnut oil</a>. Mango is also used to make <i>dahl</i> and <i>chunda</i> (a sweet and spicy, grated mango delicacy). In <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian cuisine</a>, unripe mango is processed into <i><a href="/wiki/Asinan" title="Asinan">asinan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rojak" title="Rojak">rujak</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sambal#Indonesia" title="Sambal">sambal pencit/mangga muda</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or eaten with <a href="/wiki/Salt#Edible_salt" title="Salt">edible salt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mangoes are used to make <i><a href="/wiki/Murabba" title="Murabba">murabba</a></i> (fruit preserves), <i>muramba</i> (a sweet, grated mango delicacy), <i>amchur</i> (dried and powdered unripe mango), and pickles, including a spicy mustard-oil pickle and alcohol. Ripe mangoes are cut into thin layers, <a href="/wiki/Desiccate" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiccate">desiccated</a>, folded and then cut. The fruit is also added to cereal products such as <a href="/wiki/Muesli" title="Muesli">muesli</a> and oat <a href="/wiki/Granola" title="Granola">granola</a>. </p><p>Mango is used to make <a href="/wiki/Juices" class="mw-redirect" title="Juices">juices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smoothie" title="Smoothie">smoothies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>, fruit bars, <i><a href="/wiki/Raspado" class="mw-redirect" title="Raspado">raspados</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aguas_frescas" class="mw-redirect" title="Aguas frescas">aguas frescas</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pies</a>, and sweet <a href="/wiki/Chili_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Chili sauce">chili sauce</a>, or mixed with <i><a href="/wiki/Chamoy_(Sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamoy (Sauce)">chamoy</a></i>, a sweet and spicy chili paste. In Central America, mango is either eaten green, mixed with salt, vinegar, <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>, and hot sauce, or ripe in various forms. </p><p>Pieces of mango can be mashed and used as a topping on ice cream or blended with milk and ice as <a href="/wiki/Milkshake" title="Milkshake">milkshakes</a>. Sweet glutinous rice is flavored with <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, then served with sliced mango as <a href="/wiki/Mango_sticky_rice" title="Mango sticky rice">mango sticky rice</a>. In other parts of Southeast Asia, mangoes are pickled with fish sauce and <a href="/wiki/Rice_vinegar" title="Rice vinegar">rice vinegar</a>. Green mangoes can be used in mango salad with fish sauce and <a href="/wiki/Dried_shrimp" title="Dried shrimp">dried shrimp</a>. Mango with <a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">condensed milk</a> may be used as a topping for <a href="/wiki/Shaved_ice" title="Shaved ice">shaved ice</a>. </p><p>Raw green mangoes can be sliced and eaten like a salad.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most parts of Southeast Asia, they are commonly eaten with <a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a>, vinegar, soy sauce, or with a dash of salt (plain or spicy) – a combination usually known as "mango salad" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-Valente_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valente-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flavor_chemicals_of_%22Alphonso%22_mango.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flavor_chemicals_of_%22Alphonso%22_mango.jpg/220px-Flavor_chemicals_of_%22Alphonso%22_mango.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flavor_chemicals_of_%22Alphonso%22_mango.jpg/330px-Flavor_chemicals_of_%22Alphonso%22_mango.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flavor_chemicals_of_%22Alphonso%22_mango.jpg/440px-Flavor_chemicals_of_%22Alphonso%22_mango.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption>Major flavor chemicals of 'Alphonso' mango from India</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Philippines, green mangoes are also commonly eaten with <i><a href="/wiki/Bagoong" title="Bagoong">bagoong</a></i> (salty <a href="/wiki/Bagoong" title="Bagoong">fish</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">shrimp paste</a>), salt, <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> or chilis.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mango_float" title="Mango float">Mango float</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mango_cake" title="Mango cake">mango cake</a>, which use slices of ripe mangoes, are eaten in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tle_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tle-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dried_mango" title="Dried mango">Dried strips</a> of sweet, ripe mango (sometimes combined with seedless <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a> to form <i>mangorind</i>) are also consumed. Mangoes may be used to make juices, mango <a href="/wiki/Nectar_(drink)" title="Nectar (drink)">nectar</a>, and as a flavoring and major ingredient in mango <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbetes" title="Sorbetes">sorbetes</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Mango</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">250 kJ (60 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">15 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">13.7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.6 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.38 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.092 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.14 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega−3</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">omega−6</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.071 g<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">0.051 g</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">0.019 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.82 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 54 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div>640 μg</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">23 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.028 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.038 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.669 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.197 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.119 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 43 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 7.6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">40%</div> 36.4 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.9 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 4.2 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 11 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 0.111 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.16 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 10 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.063 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 14 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 168 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium in biology">Selenium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.6 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.09 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">83.5 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1102670/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Numerous <a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">phytochemicals</a> are present in mango <a href="/wiki/Peel_(fruit)" title="Peel (fruit)">peel</a> and pulp, such as the <a href="/wiki/Triterpene" title="Triterpene">triterpene</a> <a href="/wiki/Lupeol" title="Lupeol">lupeol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mango peel pigments under study include <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Provitamin_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Provitamin A">provitamin A</a> compound, <a href="/wiki/Beta-carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-carotene">beta-carotene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpha-carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-carotene">alpha-carotene</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Polyphenols" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphenols">polyphenols</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">quercetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">kaempferol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallic_acid" title="Gallic acid">gallic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caffeic_acid" title="Caffeic acid">caffeic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flavan-3-ol" title="Flavan-3-ol">catechins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mango contains a unique <a href="/wiki/Xanthonoid" title="Xanthonoid">xanthonoid</a> called <a href="/wiki/Mangiferin" title="Mangiferin">mangiferin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phytochemical and nutrient content appears to vary across mango <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to 25 different carotenoids have been isolated from mango pulp, the densest of which was beta-carotene, which accounts for the yellow-orange <a href="/wiki/Pigmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigmentation">pigmentation</a> of most mango cultivars.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mango leaves also have significant polyphenol content, including <a href="/wiki/Xanthonoid" title="Xanthonoid">xanthonoids</a>, mangiferin and gallic acid.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flavor">Flavor</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flavor_(taste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavor (taste)">flavor</a> of mango fruits is conferred by several volatile organic chemicals mainly belonging to <a href="/wiki/Terpene" title="Terpene">terpene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furanone" class="mw-redirect" title="Furanone">furanone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lactone" title="Lactone">lactone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">ester</a> classes. Different varieties or <a href="/wiki/List_of_mango_cultivars" title="List of mango cultivars">cultivars of mangoes</a> can have flavors made up of different volatile chemicals or the same volatile chemicals in different quantities.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> mango cultivars are characterized by the dominance of δ-3-carene, a monoterpene flavorant; whereas, high concentration of other monoterpenes such as (Z)-ocimene and myrcene, as well as the presence of lactones and furanones, is the unique feature of <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> cultivars.<sup id="cite_ref-culti_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culti-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, <a href="/wiki/Alphonso_(mango)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonso (mango)">'Alphonso'</a> is one of the most popular cultivars. In 'Alphonso' mango, the lactones and furanones are synthesized during ripening, whereas terpenes and the other flavorants are present in both the developing (immature) and ripening fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">Ethylene</a>, a ripening-related hormone well known to be involved in ripening of mango fruits, causes changes in the flavor composition of mango fruits upon exogenous application, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to the huge amount of information available on the chemical composition of mango flavor, the biosynthesis of these chemicals has not been studied in depth; only a handful of genes encoding the enzymes of flavor biosynthetic pathways have been characterized to date.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h3></div> <p>Contact with oils in mango leaves, stems, sap, and skin can cause <a href="/wiki/Dermatitis" title="Dermatitis">dermatitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a> in susceptible individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sareen_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sareen-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those with a history of contact dermatitis induced by <a href="/wiki/Urushiol" title="Urushiol">urushiol</a> (an allergen found in <a href="/wiki/Poison_ivy" title="Poison ivy">poison ivy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poison_oak" title="Poison oak">poison oak</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Poison_sumac" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison sumac">poison sumac</a>) may be most at risk for mango contact dermatitis.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other mango compounds potentially responsible for dermatitis or allergic reactions include <a href="/wiki/Mangiferin" title="Mangiferin">mangiferin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cross-reactions may occur between mango allergens and urushiol.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sensitized individuals may not be able to eat peeled mangos or drink mango juice safely.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When mango trees are flowering in spring, local people with allergies may experience breathing difficulty, itching of the eyes, or facial swelling, even before flower <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> becomes airborne.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, the irritant is likely to be the <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vaporized</a> <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a> from flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the primary ripening season of mangoes, contact with mango plant parts – primarily <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a>, leaves, and fruit skin<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – is the most common cause of plant dermatitis in Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated365_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated365-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2></div> <p>A raw mango is 84% water, 15% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 1% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and has negligible fat (table). The energy value per 100 g (3.5 oz) serving of raw mango is 250 kJ (60 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a>). Fresh mango contains only <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a> in significant amounts of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> as 44% and 11%, respectively (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellora_cave34_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ellora_cave34_001.jpg/220px-Ellora_cave34_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ellora_cave34_001.jpg/330px-Ellora_cave34_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ellora_cave34_001.jpg/440px-Ellora_cave34_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>An image of <a href="/wiki/Ambika_(Jainism)" title="Ambika (Jainism)">Ambika</a> under a mango tree in Cave 34 of the <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The mango is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_fruits" title="List of national fruits">national fruit</a> of India.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_trees" title="List of national trees">national tree</a> of Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, harvest and sale of mangoes is during March–May and this is annually covered by news agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTAllen_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTAllen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mango has a traditional context in the culture of South Asia. In his <a href="/wiki/Edicts_of_Ashoka" title="Edicts of Ashoka">edicts</a>, the Mauryan emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> references the planting of fruit- and shade-bearing trees along imperial roads: </p> <blockquote><p>"On the roads <a href="/wiki/Banyan" title="Banyan">banyan</a>-trees were caused to be planted by me, (in order that) they might afford shade to cattle and men, (and) mango-groves were caused to be planted."</p></blockquote> <p>In medieval India, the Indo-Persian poet <a href="/wiki/Amir_Khusrau" title="Amir Khusrau">Amir Khusrau</a> termed the mango "<i>Naghza Tarin Mewa Hindustan</i>" – "the fairest fruit of Hindustan". Mangoes were enjoyed at the court of the Delhi Sultan <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji" title="Alauddin Khalji">Alauddin Khijli</a>. The Mughal Empire was especially fond of the fruits: <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> praises the mango in his <i><a href="/wiki/Baburnama" title="Baburnama">Babarnameh</a></i>. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a> inaugurated the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Chaunsa" title="Chaunsa">Chaunsa</a> variety after his victory over the Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a>. Mughal patronage of horticulture led to the grafting of thousands of mangoes varieties, including the famous <a href="/wiki/Totapuri" title="Totapuri">Totapuri</a>, which was the first variety to be exported to Iran and Central Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> (1556–1605) is said to have planted a mango orchard of 100,000 trees near <a href="/wiki/Darbhanga" title="Darbhanga">Darbhanga</a>, Bihar,<sup id="cite_ref-MJMorgan_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJMorgan-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> ordered the planting of mango orchards in Lahore and Delhi and the creation of mango-based desserts.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> goddess <a href="/wiki/Ambika_(Jainism)" title="Ambika (Jainism)">Ambika</a> is traditionally represented as sitting under a mango tree.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mango blossoms are also used in the worship of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a>. Mango leaves decorate archways and doors in Indian houses during weddings and celebrations such as <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a>. Mango <a href="/wiki/Motif_(textile_arts)" title="Motif (textile arts)">motifs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paisley_(design)" title="Paisley (design)">paisleys</a> are widely used in different Indian <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a> styles, and are found in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmiri</a> shawls, <a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a> and silk <a href="/wiki/Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Saree">sarees</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, the mango is referred to as one of the three royal fruits, along with banana and <a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">jackfruit</a>, for their sweetness and flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This triad of fruits is referred to as <i>ma-pala-vazhai</i>. The classical Sanskrit poet <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a> sang the praises of mangoes.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mangoes were the subject of the <a href="/wiki/Mango_cult" title="Mango cult">mango cult</a> in China during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> as symbols of chairman <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>'s love for the people.<sup id="cite_ref-tele_HowC_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tele_HowC-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaar">Achaar</a>, South Asian pickles, commonly containing mango and lime</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a>, mango powder</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_caesia" title="Mangifera caesia">Mangifera caesia</a></i>, a related species also widely cultivated for its fruit in Southeast Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_mealybug" title="Mango mealybug">Mango mealybug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_pickle" title="Mango pickle">Mango pickle</a> – Mangai-oorkai (manga-achar), South Indian hot mango pickle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aam_papad" title="Aam papad">Aam papad</a> - an Indian fruit leather made out of mango pulp mixed with concentrated sugar solution and sun dried.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kuhn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKuhnBallyDillonInnes2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhn, David N.; Bally, Ian S. 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B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toptropicals.com&rft.atitle=Mango+%28Mangifera+indica%29+varieties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoptropicals.com%2Fhtml%2Ftoptropicals%2Farticles%2Ffruit%2Fvarieties_mango.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osu-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osu_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcos-Filho" class="citation web cs1">Marcos-Filho, Julio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140124220404/http://seedbiology.osu.edu/HCS631_files/12B%20Recalcitrant%20Seeds.pdf">"Physiology of Recalcitrant Seeds"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ohio State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seedbiology.osu.edu/HCS631_files/12B%20Recalcitrant%20Seeds.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physiology+of+Recalcitrant+Seeds&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University&rft.aulast=Marcos-Filho&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseedbiology.osu.edu%2FHCS631_files%2F12B%2520Recalcitrant%2520Seeds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpengler2020" class="citation journal cs1">Spengler, Robert N. (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tplants.2020.01.005">"Anthropogenic Seed Dispersal: Rethinking the Origins of Plant Domestication"</a>. <i>Trends in Plant Science</i>. <b>25</b> (4): 340–348. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020TPS....25..340S">2020TPS....25..340S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tplants.2020.01.005">10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116%2F0000-0005-C7E0-D">21.11116/0000-0005-C7E0-D</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32191870">32191870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Plant+Science&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+Seed+Dispersal%3A+Rethinking+the+Origins+of+Plant+Domestication&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=340-348&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F21.11116%2F0000-0005-C7E0-D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32191870&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tplants.2020.01.005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020TPS....25..340S&rft.aulast=Spengler&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.tplants.2020.01.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTAllen-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTAllen_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTAllen_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTAllen_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Allen2006" class="citation news cs1">Jonathan Allen (10 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/2006/05/10/travel/10mumbailetter.html?pagewanted=1&_r=0">"Mango Mania in India"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mango+Mania+in+India&rft.date=2006-05-10&rft.au=Jonathan+Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F05%2F10%2Ftravel%2F10mumbailetter.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunsbergerBalerdi2012" class="citation web cs1">Hunsberger, Adrian; Balerdi, Carlos (February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/media/sfylifasufledu/miami-dade/documents/insect-pests-amp-diseases/Mango-Disease-Cntrl-HomeownersF.S..pdf">"DOORYARD DISEASE CONTROL FOR MANGOS IN FLORIDA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Florida/IFAS Miami-Dade County Extension<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>Mango varieties that are susceptible to anthracnose are: 'Cogshall', 'Graham', 'Haden', 'Irwin', 'Julie', 'Kent', 'Mallika', 'Valencia Pride', 'Zill', and others. Those that are susceptible to powdery mildew are: 'Alphonso', 'Carrie', 'Glenn', 'Haden', 'Keitt', 'Kent', 'Nam Doc Mai', 'Zill' and a few others. These will most likely need to be sprayed with fungicides each year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOORYARD+DISEASE+CONTROL+FOR+MANGOS+IN+FLORIDA&rft.pub=University+of+Florida%2FIFAS+Miami-Dade+County+Extension&rft.date=2012-02&rft.aulast=Hunsberger&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Balerdi%2C+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsfyl.ifas.ufl.edu%2Fmedia%2Fsfylifasufledu%2Fmiami-dade%2Fdocuments%2Finsect-pests-amp-diseases%2FMango-Disease-Cntrl-HomeownersF.S..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusser,_Allen2001" class="citation book cs1">Susser, Allen (2001). <i>The Great Mango Book</i>. New York: Ten Speed Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58008-204-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58008-204-4"><bdi>978-1-58008-204-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Mango+Book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58008-204-4&rft.au=Susser%2C+Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-star-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-star_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-star_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMintz_C2008" class="citation web cs1">Mintz C (24 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/life/2008/05/24/sweet_news_ataulfos_are_in_season.html">"Sweet news: Ataulfos are in season"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Sweet+news%3A+Ataulfos+are+in+season&rft.date=2008-05-24&rft.au=Mintz+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Flife%2F2008%2F05%2F24%2Fsweet_news_ataulfos_are_in_season.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnsminger19951373-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnsminger19951373_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEnsminger1995">Ensminger 1995</a>, p. 1373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-watson-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-watson_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson,_Andrew_J.1983" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Andrew J. (1983). <i>Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world: the diffusion of crops and farming techniques, 700–1100</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 72–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24711-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24711-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24711-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agricultural+innovation+in+the+early+Islamic+world%3A+the+diffusion+of+crops+and+farming+techniques%2C+700%E2%80%931100&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=72-3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24711-5&rft.au=Watson%2C+Andrew+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pg-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pg_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGepts,_P._(n.d.)" class="citation web cs1">Gepts, P. (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206095819/http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb143/CROP/MANGO/mango.htm">"PLB143: Crop of the Day: Mango, <i>Mangifera indica</i>"</a>. <i>The evolution of crop plants</i>. Dept. of Plant Sciences, Sect. of Crop & Ecosystem Sciences, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb143/crop/mango/mango.htm">the original</a> on 6 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+evolution+of+crop+plants&rft.atitle=PLB143%3A+Crop+of+the+Day%3A+Mango%2C+Mangifera+indica&rft.au=Gepts%2C+P.+%28n.d.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu%2Fgepts%2Fpb143%2Fcrop%2Fmango%2Fmango.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Altendorf-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Altendorf_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltendorf2019" class="citation book cs1">Altendorf, S. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/ca5692en/ca5692en.pdf"><i>Major Tropical Fruits: Market Review 2018</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Major+Tropical+Fruits%3A+Market+Review+2018&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Altendorf&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fca5692en%2Fca5692en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLitz2009" class="citation book cs1">Litz, Richard E. (2009). <i>The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses</i>. Wallingford, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 606–627. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-489-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-489-7"><bdi>978-1-84593-489-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mango%3A+Botany%2C+Production+and+Uses&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+UK&rft.pages=606-627&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84593-489-7&rft.aulast=Litz&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228000410/http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=820_2">"actahort.org"</a>. actahort.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=820_2">the original</a> on 28 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=actahort.org&rft.pub=actahort.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actahort.org%2Fmembers%2Fshowpdf%3Fbooknrarnr%3D820_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Companion_to_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Companion to Food">Oxford Companion to Food</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faostat-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faostat_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC">"Production of mangoes, mangosteens, and guavas in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"</a>. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Production+of+mangoes%2C+mangosteens%2C+and+guavas+in+2022%2C+Crops%2FRegions%2FWorld+list%2FProduction+Quantity%2FYear+%28pick+lists%29&rft.pub=UN+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization%2C+Corporate+Statistical+Database+%28FAOSTAT%29&rft.date=2024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=2516">"The Scientist, the Patent and the Mangoes – Tripling the Mango Yield in the Philippines"</a>. <i>World Intellectual Property Organization</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft.atitle=The+Scientist%2C+the+Patent+and+the+Mangoes+%E2%80%93+Tripling+the+Mango+Yield+in+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fipadvantage%2Fen%2Fdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D2516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nagao-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nagao_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagaoNishina1993" class="citation book cs1">Nagao, Mike A.; Nishina, Melvin S. (1993). "Use of Potassium Nitrate on Mango Flowering". In Chia, C.L.; Evans, D.O. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/16493"><i>Proceedings, Conference on Mango in Hawaii; March 9-11, 1993</i></a>. University of Hawaii. pp. 61–66. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F16493">10125/16493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Use+of+Potassium+Nitrate+on+Mango+Flowering&rft.btitle=Proceedings%2C+Conference+on+Mango+in+Hawaii%3B+March+9-11%2C+1993&rft.pages=61-66&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10125%2F16493&rft.aulast=Nagao&rft.aufirst=Mike+A.&rft.au=Nishina%2C+Melvin+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fhandle%2F10125%2F16493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clark-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clark_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelissa_Clark2011" class="citation news cs1">Melissa Clark (1 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/06/dining/06appe.html">"For everything there is a season, even mangoes"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Government of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_fruit.php">the original</a> on 20 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Know+India&rft.atitle=National+Fruit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fnational_fruit.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420013005/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=13">"National Fruit"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mango+tree%2C+national+tree&rft.pub=BDnews24.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fid%3D179003%26cid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree">"Mango tree, national tree"</a>. <i>bdnews24.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=Mango+tree%2C+national+tree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2010%2F11%2F15%2Fmango-tree-national-tree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MJMorgan-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MJMorgan_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis_Morgan1995" class="citation news cs1">Curtis Morgan (22 June 1995). "The Nation Is Discovering What South Floridans Have Long Known: Mango Is the Sexiest Fruit on Earth". Food. <i>The Miami Herald</i>. p. 1E. <q>Mango culture owes much to Akbar, emperor of India's Mogul conquerors from 1556 to 1605, who planted an orchard of 100,000 trees near Darbhanga in Eastern India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Nation+Is+Discovering+What+South+Floridans+Have+Long+Known%3A+Mango+Is+the+Sexiest+Fruit+on+Earth&rft.pages=1E&rft.date=1995-06-22&rft.au=Curtis+Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2017" class="citation web cs1">Sen, Upala (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/peeling-the-emperor-of-fruits/cid/1315532">"Peeling the Emperor of Fruits"</a>. <i>The Telegraph (India)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph+%28India%29&rft.atitle=Peeling+the+Emperor+of+Fruits&rft.date=2017-06&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Upala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F7-days%2Fpeeling-the-emperor-of-fruits%2Fcid%2F1315532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exoticindia.com/book/details/ambika-in-jaina-art-and-literature-IDH453/">"Ambika In Jaina Art And Literature"</a> – via exoticindiaart.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ambika+In+Jaina+Art+And+Literature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exoticindia.com%2Fbook%2Fdetails%2Fambika-in-jaina-art-and-literature-IDH453%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubrahmanianHikosakaSamuel1997" class="citation book cs1">Subrahmanian N, Hikosaka S, Samuel GJ (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PXXsAAAAIAAJ"><i>Tamil social history</i></a>. p. 88<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tamil+social+history&rft.pages=88&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Subrahmanian&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Hikosaka%2C+S&rft.au=Samuel%2C+GJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPXXsAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316215241/http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/his-highness--mango-maharaja--an-endless-obsession.html">"His highness, Mango maharaja: An endless obsession – Yahoo! Lifestyle India"</a>. Yahoo!. 29 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/his-highness--mango-maharaja--an-endless-obsession.html">the original</a> on 16 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+highness%2C+Mango+maharaja%3A+An+endless+obsession+%E2%80%93+Yahoo%21+Lifestyle+India&rft.pub=Yahoo%21&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.lifestyle.yahoo.com%2Fhis-highness--mango-maharaja--an-endless-obsession.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tele_HowC-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tele_HowC_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2013" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Malcolm (7 March 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9914895/How-China-came-to-worship-the-mango-during-the-Cultural-Revolution.html">"How China came to worship the mango during the Cultural Revolution"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. Additional reporting by Valentina Luo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9914895/How-China-came-to-worship-the-mango-during-the-Cultural-Revolution.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=How+China+came+to+worship+the+mango+during+the+Cultural+Revolution&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fchina%2F9914895%2FHow-China-came-to-worship-the-mango-during-the-Cultural-Revolution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsminger1995" class="citation book cs1">Ensminger, Audrey H.; et al. (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00ensm/page/651"><i>The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods & Nutrition</i></a></span>. CRC Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00ensm/page/651">651</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-4455-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-4455-8"><bdi>978-0-8493-4455-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Foods+%26+Nutrition&rft.pages=651&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-4455-8&rft.aulast=Ensminger&rft.aufirst=Audrey+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseencyclope00ensm%2Fpage%2F651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMango" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Litz, Richard E. (editor, 2009). <i>The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses</i>. 2nd edition. CABI. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-489-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-489-7">978-1-84593-489-7</a>.</li> <li>Susser, Allen (2001). <i>The Great Mango Book: A Guide with Recipes</i>. Ten Speed Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58008-204-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58008-204-4">978-1-58008-204-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mangifera" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Mangifera">Mangifera</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Mangifera.html">Sorting <i>Mangifera</i> species</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180305150208/http://www.tropicalfruitnursery.com/mango/">Pine Island Nursery's Mango Variety viewer</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mango"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4273708-4">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00577535">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mangoes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Mangoes" title="Template:Mangoes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mangoes" title="Template talk:Mangoes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mangoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mangoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mangoes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mangoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mango_cultivars" title="List of mango cultivars">Mango cultivars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alampur_Baneshan" title="Alampur Baneshan">Alampur Baneshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(mango)" title="Alice (mango)">Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_mango" title="Alphonso mango">Alphonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrapali_(mango)" title="Amrapali (mango)">Amrapali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_(mango)" title="Anderson (mango)">Anderson </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angie_(mango)" title="Angie (mango)">Angie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ratol" title="Anwar Ratol">Anwar Ratol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appemidi_Mango" title="Appemidi Mango"> Appemidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataulfo_(mango)" title="Ataulfo (mango)">Ataulfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey%27s_Marvel" title="Bailey's Marvel">Bailey's Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banganapalle_(mango)" title="Banganapalle (mango)">Banganapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennet_Alphonso" class="mw-redirect" title="Bennet Alphonso">Bennet Alphonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_(mango)" title="Beverly (mango)">Beverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_(mango)" title="Bombay (mango)">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm_Kai_Meu" title="Brahm Kai Meu">Brahm Kai Meu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_(mango)" title="Brooks (mango)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabao_(mango)" title="Carabao (mango)">Carabao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_(mango)" title="Carrie (mango)">Carrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaunsa" title="Chaunsa">Chaunsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinna_rasalu" title="Chinna rasalu">Chinna rasalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chok_Anan" title="Chok Anan">Chok Anan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Cream_(mango)" title="Coconut Cream (mango)">Coconut Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogshall_(mango)" title="Cogshall (mango)">Cogshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_(mango)" title="Cushman (mango)">Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasheri" title="Dasheri">Dasheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dot_(mango)" title="Dot (mango)">Dot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_(mango)" title="Duncan (mango)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earlygold" title="Earlygold">Earlygold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_(mango)" title="Edward (mango)">Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldon_(mango)" title="Eldon (mango)">Eldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_(mango)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerald (mango)">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_(mango)" title="Fairchild (mango)">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascell" title="Fascell">Fascell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazli_(mango)" title="Fazli (mango)">Fazli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florigon" title="Florigon">Florigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_(mango)" title="Ford (mango)">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_(mango)" title="Gary (mango)">Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gir_Kesar" title="Gir Kesar">Gir Kesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_(mango)" title="Glenn (mango)">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Mankurad_Mango" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa Mankurad Mango">Goa Mankurad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Nugget" title="Gold Nugget">Gold Nugget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Lippens" title="Golden Lippens">Golden Lippens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_(mango)" title="Graham (mango)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haden_(mango)" title="Haden (mango)">Haden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haribhanga_(mango)" title="Haribhanga (mango)">Haribhanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatcher_(mango)" title="Hatcher (mango)">Hatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himsagar" title="Himsagar">Himsagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Gold" title="Honey Gold">Honey Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Cream_(mango)" title="Ice Cream (mango)">Ice Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_(mango)" title="Irwin (mango)">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_(mango)" title="Ivory (mango)">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_(mango)" title="Jakarta (mango)">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Ellen" title="Jean Ellen">Jean Ellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_(mango)" title="Julie (mango)">Julie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kari_Ishad" title="Kari Ishad">Kari Ishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keitt_(mango)" title="Keitt (mango)">Keitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Pride" title="Kensington Pride">Kensington Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_(mango)" title="Kent (mango)">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttiattoor_Mango" title="Kuttiattoor Mango">Kuttiattoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmanbhog" title="Lakshmanbhog">Lakshmanbhog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancetilla" title="Lancetilla">Lancetilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langra" title="Langra">Langra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippens_(mango)" title="Lippens (mango)">Lippens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahachanok_(mango)" title="Mahachanok (mango)">Mahachanok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malda_Fazli_Mango" title="Malda Fazli Mango">Malda Fazli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malihabadi_Dusseheri_Mango" title="Malihabadi Dusseheri Mango">Malihabadi Dusseheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallika_(mango)" title="Mallika (mango)">Mallika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manilita" title="Manilita">Manilita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathwada_Kesar_Mango" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathwada Kesar Mango">Marathwada Kesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulgoba" title="Mulgoba">Mulgoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_Dok_Mai" title="Nam Dok Mai">Nam Dok Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteen_(mango)" title="Osteen (mango)">Osteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_(mango)" title="Palmer (mango)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchadara_Kalasa" title="Panchadara Kalasa">Panchadara Kalasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvin_(mango)" title="Parvin (mango)">Parvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_(mango)" title="Pico (mango)">Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspuri" title="Raspuri">Raspuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rataul_Mango" title="Rataul Mango">Rataul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa_Sunderja_Mango" title="Rewa Sunderja Mango">Rewa Sunderja Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosigold" title="Rosigold">Rosigold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(mango)" title="Ruby (mango)">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saigon_(mango)" title="Saigon (mango)">Saigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammar_Bahisht" class="mw-redirect" title="Sammar Bahisht">Sammar Bahisht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensation_(mango)" title="Sensation (mango)">Sensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan-e-Khuda" title="Shan-e-Khuda">Shan-e-Khuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhri" title="Sindhri">Sindhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Fry" title="Sophie Fry">Sophie Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Blush" title="Southern Blush">Southern Blush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_%2776_(mango)" title="Spirit of '76 (mango)">Spirit of '76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfels" title="Springfels">Springfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_(mango)" title="Sunset (mango)">Sunset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Atkins_(mango)" title="Tommy Atkins (mango)">Tommy Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_(mango)" title="Torbert (mango)">Torbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totapuri" title="Totapuri">Totapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia_Pride" title="Valencia Pride">Valencia Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dyke_(mango)" title="Van Dyke (mango)">Van Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_(mango)" title="Young (mango)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zill_(mango)" title="Zill (mango)">Zill</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangoes-left.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mango"><img alt="Mango" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mangoes-left.jpg/45px-Mangoes-left.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mangoes-left.jpg/68px-Mangoes-left.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mangoes-left.jpg/90px-Mangoes-left.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption>Mango</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other commercial species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_altissima" title="Mangifera altissima">Mangifera altissima</a></i> (Pahutan)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_casturi" title="Mangifera casturi">Mangifera casturi</a></i> (Kasturi)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_caesia" title="Mangifera caesia">Mangifera caesia</a></i> (Jack mango)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_foetida" title="Mangifera foetida">Mangifera foetida</a></i> (Horse mango)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mangifera indica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_laurina" title="Mangifera laurina">Mangifera laurina</a></i> (Mangga kopyor)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_sylvatica" title="Mangifera sylvatica">Mangifera sylvatica</a></i> (Himalayan mango)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_zeylanica" title="Mangifera zeylanica">Mangifera zeylanica</a></i> (Sri Lankan mango)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mango dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aamras" title="Aamras">Aamras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_pickle" title="Mango pickle">Mango pickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_sticky_rice" title="Mango sticky rice">Mango sticky rice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Mango_Festival" title="International Mango Festival">International Mango Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mango_diseases" title="List of mango diseases">List of mango diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_cult" title="Mango cult">Mango cult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mangoes" title="Category:Mangoes">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mango" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mango">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_countries_by_agricultural_output_rankings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Agriculture_country_lists" title="Template:Agriculture country lists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Agriculture_country_lists" title="Template talk:Agriculture country lists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture_country_lists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture country lists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_countries_by_agricultural_output_rankings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories" title="Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories">Lists of countries</a> by <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_producing_countries_of_agricultural_commodities" title="List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities">agricultural output</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">rankings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cereal_production" title="List of countries by cereal production">Cereals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_barley_production" title="List of countries by barley production">Barley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat#Production" title="Buckwheat">Buckwheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_corn_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International corn production statistics">Corn/Maize</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maize_exports" title="List of countries by maize exports">exports</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet#Production" title="Millet">Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oat#Production_and_trade" title="Oat">Oat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rice_production" title="List of countries by rice production">Rice</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rice_exports" title="List of countries by rice exports">exports</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye#Production_and_consumption" title="Rye">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_sorghum#Cultivation_and_uses" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial sorghum">Sorghum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triticale#Conventional_breeding_approaches" title="Triticale">Triticale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_wheat_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International wheat production statistics">Wheat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">exports</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_fruit_production" title="List of countries by fruit production">Fruit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_apple_production" title="List of countries by apple production">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_apricot_production" title="List of countries by apricot production">Apricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_avocado_production" title="List of countries by avocado production">Avocado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana#Production_and_export" title="Banana">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cherry_production" title="List of countries by cherry production">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)#Production" title="Orange (fruit)">Orange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coconut_production" title="List of countries by coconut production">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cucumber_production" title="List of countries by cucumber production">Cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_eggplant_production" title="List of countries by eggplant production">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_grape_production" title="List of countries by grape production">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon#Production" title="Lemon">Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)#Production" title="Lime (fruit)">Lime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Cultivation">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_papaya_production" title="List of countries by papaya production">Papaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear_production_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Pear production by country">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pineapple_production" title="List of countries by pineapple production">Pineapple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_plum_production" title="List of countries by plum production">Plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry#Production" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tomato_production" title="List of countries by tomato production">Tomato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vegetable_production" title="List of countries by vegetable production">Vegetables</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_artichoke_production" title="List of countries by artichoke production">Artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot#Production" title="Carrot">Carrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_garlic_production" title="List of countries by garlic production">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_onion_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by onion production">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_potato_production" title="List of countries by potato production">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed#Production" title="Rapeseed">Rapeseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_soybean_production" title="List of countries by soybean production">Soybean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot#Production" title="Carrot">Turnip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_cacao#Cultivation" title="Theobroma cacao">Cacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_production" title="List of countries by coffee production">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton#Leading_producer_countries" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_milk_production" title="List of countries by milk production">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil#Production" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet#Production_statistics" title="Sugar beet">Sugar beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane#Production" title="Sugarcane">Sugar cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed#Cultivation" title="Sunflower seed">Sunflower seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry#Production_by_country_or_region" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine-producing countries">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area" title="List of countries by irrigated land area">Irrigated land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use_statistics_by_country" title="Land use statistics by country">Land use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_organic_farmland" title="List of countries by organic farmland">Organic farmland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">List of international rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_by_country" title="Lists by country">Lists by country</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Symbols of Bangladesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="Template talk:Symbols of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bangladesh_(1971).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="National symbols of Bangladesh">National symbols of Bangladesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Sonar_Bangla" title="Amar Sonar Bangla">Amar Sonar Bangla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national anthem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notuner_Gaan" title="Notuner Gaan">Notuner Gaan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national march)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_Bangladesh" title="National Emblem of Bangladesh">National Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh">Government Seal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Red-Green</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national flag)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national language)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/80px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/120px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/160px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Symbols.gif/80px-Symbols.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Symbols.gif/120px-Symbols.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Symbols.gif/160px-Symbols.gif 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="84" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments and Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Minar,_Dhaka" title="Shaheed Minar, Dhaka">Shaheed Minar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1952, martyr monument)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Martyrs%27_Memorial" title="National Martyrs' Memorial">National Martyrs' Memorial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971, national monument)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyred_Intellectuals_Memorial" title="Martyred Intellectuals Memorial">Martyred Intellectuals Memorial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971, martyr monument)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Column of Independence">Column of Independence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971, independence monument)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Father of the Nation)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(National poet)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mango Tree</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national tree)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_magpie-robin" title="Oriental magpie-robin">Doel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national bird)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali" title="Nymphaea nouchali">Water lily</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national flower)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Royal Bengal Tiger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national fruit)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national fish)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national game)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali calendar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national calendar)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national personification)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_National_symbols_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_India" title="Template talk:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_National_symbols_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_India" title="National symbols of India">National symbols of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitutional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Flag of India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Flag)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">Emblem of India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Emblem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Motto)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Anthem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram">Vande Mataram</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Song)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pledge_(India)" title="National Pledge (India)">National Pledge</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pledge)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/160px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_peafowl" title="Indian peafowl">Indian peafowl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bird)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Flower)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficus_benghalensis" title="Ficus benghalensis">Banyan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tree)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Fruit)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Heritage animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Aquatic animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_cobra" title="King cobra">King cobra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Reptile)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Microber)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" title="Gandhi Jayanti">Gandhi Jayanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(River)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Indian Calendar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Calendar)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Symbols of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Symbols of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">National symbols of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Arnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a>"</li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa</a></i>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Narra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Philippine eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Philippine pearl</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Sampaguita</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_adobo" title="Philippine adobo">Adobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saribus_rotundifolius" title="Saribus rotundifolius">Anahaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_kubo" title="Bahay kubo">Bahay kubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakya" title="Bakya">Bakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">Barong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baro%27t_saya" title="Baro't saya">Baro't saya</a></li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Ko" title="Bayan Ko">Bayan Ko</a></i>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabao" title="Carabao">Carabao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cari%C3%B1osa" title="Cariñosa">Cariñosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz" title="Juan dela Cruz">Juan dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon">Lechon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">National Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinigang" title="Sinigang">Sinigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipa" title="Sipa">Sipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinikling" title="Tinikling">Tinikling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waling-waling" title="Waling-waling">Waling-waling</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_hero_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="National hero of the Philippines">National heroes</a> <br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declared from national legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">Martyrs and heroes during the martial law period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Day_(Philippines)" title="National Heroes Day (Philippines)">National Heroes Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Valor" title="Day of Valor">Veterans of the Second World War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From proposed laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Silang" title="Gabriela Silang">Gabriela Silang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_H._del_Pilar" title="Marcelo H. del Pilar">Marcelo H. del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchora_Aquino" title="Melchora Aquino">Melchora Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Kudarat" title="Muhammad Kudarat">Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mango&oldid=1248762026">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mango&oldid=1248762026</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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