CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ann Wigmore - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"06339ac8-2a06-424e-89e2-b2be46ffb471","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ann_Wigmore","wgTitle":"Ann Wigmore","wgCurRevisionId":1254878563,"wgRevisionId":1254878563,"wgArticleId":6759991,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2019","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with hCards","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016","Articles with Open Library links","1909 births","1994 deaths","20th-century American non-fiction writers", "Alternative cancer treatment advocates","Alternative detoxification promoters","American health and wellness writers","American people of Lithuanian descent","American women nutritionists","American nutritionists","Naturopaths","Pseudoscientific diet advocates","Raw foodists","Vitalists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ann_Wigmore","wgRelevantArticleId":6759991,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false, "wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4766747","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/Ann_Wigmore.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1440"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/Ann_Wigmore.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="768"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ann Wigmore - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Wigmore"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Wigmore"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ann_Wigmore rootpage-Ann_Wigmore skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ann+Wigmore" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ann+Wigmore" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ann+Wigmore" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ann+Wigmore" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quackery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quackery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Quackery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quackery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ann Wigmore</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Wigmore" title="Ann Wigmore – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ann Wigmore" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آن ويجمور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آن ويجمور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Wigmore" title="Ann Wigmore – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ann Wigmore" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Wigmore" title="Ann Wigmore – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ann Wigmore" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4766747#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wigmore" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ann_Wigmore" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wigmore"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wigmore"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ann_Wigmore" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ann_Wigmore" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&oldid=1254878563" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ann_Wigmore&id=1254878563&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAnn_Wigmore"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAnn_Wigmore"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ann_Wigmore&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4766747" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American holistic health practitioner</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ann Wigmore</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ann_Wigmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Ann_Wigmore.jpg/220px-Ann_Wigmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/Ann_Wigmore.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">March 4, 1909</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 16, 1994 (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">Raw food</a> advocate and writer</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ann Wigmore</b> (March 4, 1909 – February 16, 1994) was a Lithuanian–American <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">holistic health</a> practitioner, <a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">naturopath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">raw food</a> advocate. </p><p>Influenced by the 'back to nature' theories of <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Bircher-Benner" title="Maximilian Bircher-Benner">Maximilian Bircher-Benner</a>, she maintained that plants concentrated more solar energy ('Vital Force') than animals, and that <a href="/wiki/Wheatgrass" title="Wheatgrass">wheatgrass</a> could detoxify the body. She also deplored <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additives</a>. Although the Ann Wigmore Foundation received accreditation as a non-profit, many of her claims were denounced as <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>, and her qualifications were never confirmed to be genuine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wigmore was inspired in part by the ideas of Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867–1939), who was influenced as a young man by the German <i><a href="/wiki/Lebensreform" title="Lebensreform">Lebensreform</a></i> movement, which saw civilization as corrupt and which sought to go "back to nature"; it embraced holistic medicine, <a href="/wiki/Nudism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudism">nudism</a>, various forms of spirituality, <a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">free love</a>, exercise and other outdoors activity, and foods that it judged were more "natural".<sup id="cite_ref-fitz_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–33">: 31–33 </span></sup> Bircher-Benner eventually adopted a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian diet</a>, but took that further and decided that <a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">raw food</a> was what humans were really meant to eat. He was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s ideas that humans were just another kind of animal, noting that other animals do not cook their food.<sup id="cite_ref-fitz_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–33">: 31–33 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1904 Bircher-Benner opened a sanatorium in the mountains outside of Zurich called "Lebendinge Kraft" or "Vital Force," a technical term in the Lebensreform movement that referred especially to sunlight; he and others believed that this <a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">energy</a> was more "concentrated" in plants than in meat, and was diminished by cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-fitz_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–33">: 31–33 </span></sup> Patients in the clinic were fed raw foods, including <a href="/wiki/Muesli" title="Muesli">muesli</a> which was created there.<sup id="cite_ref-fitz_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–33">: 31–33 </span></sup> While these ideas were dismissed by scientists and the medical profession of his day as quackery, they gained a following in some quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-fitz_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–33">: 31–33 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wigmore was one of the first to popularize these ideas about <a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">raw food</a> in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-fitz_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–33">: 31–33 </span></sup> </p><p>She also was inspired in part by the biblical story of King <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebuchadnezzar">Nebuchadnezzar</a>, recounted in Daniel 4:33, in which "he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws", and by the examples of dogs eating grass when they were unwell.<sup id="cite_ref-SciAm_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciAm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also said that she learned about herbs and natural remedies as a child in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, watching her grandmother.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1940s Wigmore started promoting the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Wheatgrass" title="Wheatgrass">wheatgrass</a> and other raw foods in order to "<a href="/wiki/Detox_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Detox diet">detox</a>", removing what she considered to be poisons of "unnatural" cooked foods and food additives added by industrial society; she believed this diet allowed and helped the body to heal itself.<sup id="cite_ref-SciAm_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciAm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncahf1994_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncahf1994-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She believed that fresh wheatgrass juice and fresh vegetables - and especially <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a> - retained more of their original energy and potency (a form of <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">vitalism</a>) if they were uncooked and eaten as soon as possible after harvesting them.<sup id="cite_ref-fitz_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–33">: 31–33 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncahf1994_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncahf1994-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the National Council against Healthcare Fraud: "Wigmore claimed to have a Doctor of Divinity (DD) from the College of Divine Metaphysics in Indianapolis. She also listed a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and a Doctor of Naturopathy (ND) degree at different times. None of her credentials appear to have been from accredited schools."<sup id="cite_ref-ncahf1994_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncahf1994-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the mid-1960s, Wigmore, as "Reverend Ann Wigmore", and Rising Sun Christianity, Inc., which she controlled, bought property at 25 Exeter Street in Boston's Back Bay, where she lived and where Rising Sun had offices, as carved into its glass and door.<sup id="cite_ref-backbay_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backbay-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also founded The Ann Wigmore Foundation Inc., which received accreditation as a nonprofit from the IRS in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, Rising Sun Christianity applied to the city to convert the building into a church, a holistic school, and apartments, which was granted for five years, and was extended in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-backbay_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backbay-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982 the Rising Sun Church acquired the building next door, and changed its name to the Hippocrates Health Institute, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-backbay_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backbay-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was sued in 1982 by the attorney general of Massachusetts for promoting a cure for diabetes and for claiming that she could make it unnecessary for children to be vaccinated; she stopped making those claims after losing in court.<sup id="cite_ref-MWN_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWN-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brian Clement obtained control over the <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates_Health_Institute" title="Hippocrates Health Institute">Hippocrates Health Institute</a> and moved it from Boston to West Palm Beach, Florida, in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Star_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Star-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wigmore founded the Ann Wigmore Natural Health Institute Inc in Puerto Rico, where people could go for alternative medicine or to be trained in her methods.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Foundation moved to New Mexico after Wigmore's death;<sup id="cite_ref-Star_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Star-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it lost IRS accreditation as a nonprofit in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brian Clement, who later earned a nonmedical PhD, and the Hippocrates Health Institute which he then controlled, eventually obtained 60 acres of land in West Palm Beach and have become known offering residents "wheatgrass, IV injections of vitamins, dietary supplements, <a href="/wiki/Detoxification_foot_baths" title="Detoxification foot baths">foot baths</a> to remove "toxins," raw foods diets and assorted other treatments, some of which may have been considered <a href="/wiki/Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Alternative cancer treatments">alternative cancer treatments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quackery">Quackery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Quackery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wigmore was an advocate of <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_healing" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual healing">spiritual healing</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She held the erroneous view that the <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wheatgrass" title="Wheatgrass">wheatgrass</a> <a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">detoxifies</a> the body and has healing power.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her claims with regard to wheatgrass have been described as <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Aging" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Aging">US House of Representatives Select Committee on Aging</a> began what became a four-year investigation into health care scams that preyed on older people. Their findings were published in 1984 in a report titled "Quackery, a $10 Billion Scandal", commonly referred to as "The Pepper Report" after committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Claude Pepper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 148–150">: 148–150 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The committee received testimony from a woman desperate to treat her husband's cancer who accepted treatment from Steven and Ellen Haasz, disciples of Wigmore, and eventually from Wigmore's facility in Boston, instead of standard care which the Haaszes strongly discouraged from her pursuing. She said: "I know now that I was foolish to listen to Haasz and to spend about $2,000, including the trip to Boston, on the raw food things. But my husband and I were married for 37 years and when he got sick, I was looking for magic. Their false promise of hope may have actually shortened my husband's few numbered days on this Earth." </p><p>Wigmore was sued by the Massachusetts Attorney-General's department in 1988 for publishing pamphlets falsely claiming to offer an <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> cure.<sup id="cite_ref-Globe-AG_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Globe-AG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She claimed that AIDS arises from "the body's inability to assimilate the food consumed" and for around $400 (about $700 in 2016) sold lessons to make an "energy enzyme soup" that she said allowed an infected person's body to completely clear the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-MWN_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWN-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was acquitted under the First Amendment as the claims were deemed not to be commercial claims made in trade, but was ordered not to misrepresent herself as a doctor qualified to treat illness or disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Globe-AIDS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Globe-AIDS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Health educator <a href="/wiki/William_T._Jarvis" title="William T. Jarvis">William T. Jarvis</a> has noted that: </p> <blockquote><p>In 1988, the Massachusetts Attorney General sued Wigmore for claiming that her "energy enzyme soup" could cure AIDS. Suffolk County Judge Robert A. Mulligan ruled that Wigmore's views on how to combat AIDS were protected by the First Amendment, but ordered her to stop representing herself as a physician or as a person licensed in any way to treat disease. This was not the first time Wigmore had run afoul of the law. In 1982, the Attorney General of Massachusetts sued Wigmore for claiming that her program could reduce or eliminate the need for insulin in diabetics, and could obviate the need for routine immunization in children. She abandoned those claims after losing in court.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 25, 1930, Anna Marie (again under the name "Warap" per wedding coverage <i>Stoughton News-Sentinel</i>, 1 Jan 1931) married Everett Arnold Wigmore (1907–1969), of <a href="/wiki/Stoughton,_Massachusetts" title="Stoughton, Massachusetts">Stoughton, Massachusetts</a>, where they lived during their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-petition_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petition-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her husband was in the family <a href="/wiki/Stone_masonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone masonry">stone masonry</a> business. A daughter, Wilma Edith Wigmore, was born on July 9, 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-petition_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petition-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 12, 1942, Wigmore became a United States citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wigmores divorced sometime in the 1950s–1960s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Wigmore died in Boston on February 16, 1994, of smoke inhalation from a fire at the Ann Wigmore Foundation building at 196 Commonwealth Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had written about twenty five books and had lectured on her ideas in the US, Canada, and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Sprouting Book: How to Grow and Use Sprouts to Maximize Your Health and Vitality</i> (1986)</li> <li><i>The Wheatgrass Book: How to Grow and Use Wheatgrass to Maximize Your Health and Vitality</i> (1985)</li> <li><i>The Hippocrates Diet and Health Program: A Natural Diet and Health Program for Weight Control, Disease Prevention</i> (1983)</li> <li><i>Recipes for Longer Life: Ann Wigmore's Famous Recipes for Rejuvenation and Freedom from Degenerative Diseases</i> (1982)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theory">Big Pharma conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_and_alternative_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Complementary and alternative medicine">Complementary and alternative medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fitz-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fitz_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fitz_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fitz_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fitz_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fitz_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fitz_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fitz_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald_M2014" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald M (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dietcultssurpris0000fitz"><i>Diet Cults: The Surprising Fallacy at the Core of Nutrition Fads and a Guide to Healthy Eating for the Rest of US</i></a></span>. Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60598-560-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60598-560-2"><bdi>978-1-60598-560-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diet+Cults%3A+The+Surprising+Fallacy+at+the+Core+of+Nutrition+Fads+and+a+Guide+to+Healthy+Eating+for+the+Rest+of+US&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-60598-560-2&rft.au=Fitzgerald+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdietcultssurpris0000fitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SciAm-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SciAm_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SciAm_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShermer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Shermer, M (August 2008). "Wheatgrass juice and folk medicine". <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>299</b> (2): 42. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SciAm.299b..42S">2008SciAm.299b..42S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0808-42">10.1038/scientificamerican0808-42</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18666678">18666678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Wheatgrass+juice+and+folk+medicine.&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=42&rft.date=2008-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18666678&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0808-42&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008SciAm.299b..42S&rft.aulast=Shermer&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joe Schwarcz, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Wanted%3A+enzymes--dead+or+alive%3F-a0115225308">Wanted: enzymes--dead or alive?</a>" <i>Chemfusion</i>, Canadian Chemical News; Monday, March 1, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncahf1994-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ncahf1994_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncahf1994_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncahf1994_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncahf.org/nl/1994/9-10.html">"NCAHF News, September/October 1994"</a>. <i>National Council Against Healthcare Fraud Newsletter</i>. <b>17</b> (5).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Council+Against+Healthcare+Fraud+Newsletter&rft.atitle=NCAHF+News%2C+September%2FOctober+1994&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncahf.org%2Fnl%2F1994%2F9-10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Skinner2005" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Skinner (2005). "Wigmore diet". In Longe, Jacqueline L.; et al. (eds.). <i>The Gale encyclopedia of alternative medicine, Volume 4: S - Z, organizations, glossary, general index</i> (2nd ed.). Detroit: Thomson/Gale. pp. 2150–2152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7876-7428-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7876-7428-1"><bdi>0-7876-7428-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wigmore+diet&rft.btitle=The+Gale+encyclopedia+of+alternative+medicine%2C+Volume+4%3A+S+-+Z%2C+organizations%2C+glossary%2C+general+index.&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=2150-2152&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thomson%2FGale&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7876-7428-1&rft.au=Patricia+Skinner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-backbay-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-backbay_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-backbay_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-backbay_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://backbayhouses.org/25-exeter-196-commonwealth/">"25 Exeter (196 Commonwealth)"</a>. Back Bay Houses. 19 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+Exeter+%28196+Commonwealth%29&rft.pub=Back+Bay+Houses&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbackbayhouses.org%2F25-exeter-196-commonwealth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidestar.org/profile/04-6139910">"Profile: Ann Wigmore Foundation Inc"</a>. GuideStar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile%3A+Ann+Wigmore+Foundation+Inc&rft.pub=GuideStar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidestar.org%2Fprofile%2F04-6139910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MWN-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MWN_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWN_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1988" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Patricia (June 13, 1988). "Woman sued over soup 'cure.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Medical World News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+World+News&rft.atitle=Woman+sued+over+soup+%27cure.%27&rft.date=1988-06-13&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Star-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Star_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Star_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlamenciak2015" class="citation news cs1">Alamenciak, Tim (February 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/02/21/founder-of-hippocrates-health-institute-sued-successfully-twice.html">"Founder of Hippocrates Health Institute sued successfully twice"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Founder+of+Hippocrates+Health+Institute+sued+successfully+twice&rft.date=2015-02-21&rft.aulast=Alamenciak&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2F2015%2F02%2F21%2Ffounder-of-hippocrates-health-institute-sued-successfully-twice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henning, Laura. <i>The Guru of Grass</i> Los Angeles Times. Mar 26, 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/displayRevocation.do?dispatchMethod=displayRevokeInfo&revocationId=400288&ein=046139910&exemptTypeCode=al&isDescending=false&totalResults=1&postDateTo=&ein1=&state=All...&dispatchMethod=searchRevocation&postDateFrom=&country=US&city=&searchChoice=revoked&indexOfFirstRow=0&sortColumn=ein&resultsPerPage=25&names=%22Ann+Wigmore+Foundation%22&zipCode=&deductibility=all">"Exempt Organizations Select Check: Revocations: Ann Wigmore Foundation Inc"</a>. IRS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exempt+Organizations+Select+Check%3A+Revocations%3A+Ann+Wigmore+Foundation+Inc&rft.pub=IRS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.irs.gov%2Fapp%2Feos%2FdisplayRevocation.do%3FdispatchMethod%3DdisplayRevokeInfo%26revocationId%3D400288%26ein%3D046139910%26exemptTypeCode%3Dal%26isDescending%3Dfalse%26totalResults%3D1%26postDateTo%3D%26ein1%3D%26state%3DAll...%26dispatchMethod%3DsearchRevocation%26postDateFrom%3D%26country%3DUS%26city%3D%26searchChoice%3Drevoked%26indexOfFirstRow%3D0%26sortColumn%3Dein%26resultsPerPage%3D25%26names%3D%2522Ann%2BWigmore%2BFoundation%2522%26zipCode%3D%26deductibility%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2014" class="citation news cs1">Bellamy, Jann (14 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfsbm.org/index.php?option=com_easyblog&view=entry&id=447&Itemid=649">"Canadian reporters cover Florida health scam ignored in US"</a>. <i>Society for Science-Based Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+for+Science-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=Canadian+reporters+cover+Florida+health+scam+ignored+in+US&rft.date=2014-12-14&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Jann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfsbm.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_easyblog%26view%3Dentry%26id%3D447%26Itemid%3D649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2015" class="citation news cs1">Bellamy, Jann (28 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfsbm.org/index.php?option=com_easyblog&view=entry&id=583&Itemid=649">"Florida retracts cease and desist order and fine against Brian Clement"</a>. <i>Society for Science-Based Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+for+Science-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=Florida+retracts+cease+and+desist+order+and+fine+against+Brian+Clement&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Jann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfsbm.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_easyblog%26view%3Dentry%26id%3D583%26Itemid%3D649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarvis-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncahf.org/articles/s-z/wheatgrass.html">Wheatgrass Therapy</a>. National Council Against Health Fraud.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Shermer, Michael</a>. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-anecdotal-evidence-can-undermine-scientific-results/">How Anecdotal Evidence Can Undermine Scientific Results</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. Retrieved November 28, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.com/13Hx/pepper-report.pdf">"Quackery, a $10 Billion Scandal: A Report of the Subcommittee on Health and Long-Term Care, Select Committee on Aging, US House of Representatives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US Government Printing Office. 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quackery%2C+a+%2410+Billion+Scandal%3A+A+Report+of+the+Subcommittee+on+Health+and+Long-Term+Care%2C+Select+Committee+on+Aging%2C+US+House+of+Representatives&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quackwatch.com%2F13Hx%2Fpepper-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2014" class="citation web cs1">Bellamy, Jann (October 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/quackery-a-10-billion-scandal/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Quackery: A $10 Billion Scandal" « Science-Based Medicine"</a>. Science-Based Medicine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Quackery%3A+A+%2410+Billion+Scandal%22+%C2%AB+Science-Based+Medicine&rft.pub=Science-Based+Medicine&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Jann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencebasedmedicine.org%2Fquackery-a-10-billion-scandal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Globe-AG-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Globe-AG_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924200656/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8045670.html">"State sues to stop woman offering AIDS cure"</a>. Boston Globe. January 20, 1988. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8045670.html">the original</a> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+sues+to+stop+woman+offering+AIDS+cure&rft.pub=Boston+Globe&rft.date=1988-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P2-8045670.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Globe-AIDS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Globe-AIDS_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150810033341/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8050504.html">"Judge says woman can claim AIDS cure"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i>. February 23, 1988. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8050504.html">the original</a> on August 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Judge+says+woman+can+claim+AIDS+cure&rft.date=1988-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P2-8050504.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnn+Wigmore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-petition-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-petition_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-petition_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wigmore's sworn Petition for Naturalization No. 230018, executed by her on 12/10/1941, on file with the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a> (NARA) <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham, Massachusetts</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wigmore's Oath of Allegiance/Citizenship Granted dated l/12/1942, on file with NARA, Waltham, Massachusetts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Holistic health pioneer dies at 84 in fire at her Back Bay mansion" <i>Boston Globe</i>, February 17, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obituary: Ann Wigmore. The Washington Post, Feb 19, 1994</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annwigmore.org">Ann Wigmore Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hippocratesinst.org">Hippocrates Health Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1190126A">1190126A</a> Wigmore's publications</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Naturopathy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Naturopathy" title="Template:Naturopathy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Naturopathy" title="Template talk:Naturopathy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Naturopathy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Naturopathy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Naturopathy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balneotherapy" title="Balneotherapy">Balneotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barefoot_running" title="Barefoot running">Barefoot running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelation_therapy" title="Chelation therapy">Chelation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_therapy" title="Grape therapy">Grape therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halotherapy" title="Halotherapy">Halotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">Hydrotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">Herbalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_bath" title="Mud bath">Mud bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_therapy" title="Nature therapy">Nature therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pulling" title="Oil pulling">Oil pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">Ozone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexology" title="Reflexology">Reflexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfing" title="Rolfing">Rolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungazing" title="Sungazing">Sungazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_therapy" title="Urine therapy">Urine therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">Yoga as therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naturopaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Abramowski" title="Otto Abramowski">Otto Abramowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_P._Allinson" title="Bertrand P. Allinson">Bertrand P. Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allinson" title="Thomas Allinson">Thomas Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._F._E._Austin" title="R. F. E. Austin">R. F. E. Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Ellis_Barker" title="J. Ellis Barker">J. Ellis Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydoon_Batmanghelidj" title="Fereydoon Batmanghelidj">Fereydoon Batmanghelidj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bell_(physician)" title="Robert Bell (physician)">Robert Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Benjamin_(naturopath)" title="Harry Benjamin (naturopath)">Harry Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Bieler" title="Henry G. Bieler">Henry G. Bieler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Eduard_Bilz" title="Friedrich Eduard Bilz">Friedrich Eduard Bilz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Brandt" title="Carlos Brandt">Carlos Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Breuss" title="Rudolf Breuss">Rudolf Breuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydn_Brown" title="Haydn Brown">Haydn Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burns_(Spiritualist)" title="James Burns (Spiritualist)">James Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Burroughs" title="Stanley Burroughs">Stanley Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Carque" title="Otto Carque">Otto Carque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carton" title="Paul Carton">Paul Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Casasnovas" title="Thierry Casasnovas">Thierry Casasnovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Christian" title="Eugene Christian">Eugene Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christopher_(herbalist)" title="John Christopher (herbalist)">John Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulda_Regehr_Clark" title="Hulda Regehr Clark">Hulda Regehr Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Dane" title="Victor Dane">Victor Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_Densmore" title="Emmet Densmore">Emmet Densmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Donsbach" title="Kurt Donsbach">Kurt Donsbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Drews" title="George J. Drews">George J. Drews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Durville" title="Gaston Durville">Gaston Durville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Ehret" title="Arnold Ehret">Arnold Ehret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Engelhardt" title="August Engelhardt">August Engelhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Felke" title="Emanuel Felke">Emanuel Felke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Mercer_Gehman" title="Jesse Mercer Gehman">Jesse Mercer Gehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Hahn" title="Theodor Hahn">Theodor Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayelord_Hauser" title="Gayelord Hauser">Gayelord Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Hohensee" title="Adolphus Hohensee">Adolphus Hohensee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Stenson_Hooker" title="J. Stenson Hooker">J. Stenson Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Wilhelm_Hufeland" title="Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland">Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hunter_(hydrotherapist)" title="Archibald Hunter (hydrotherapist)">Archibald Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Just" title="Adolf Just">Adolf Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Kalm" title="Hans Kalm">Hans Kalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Valentine_Knaggs" title="Henry Valentine Knaggs">Henry Valentine Knaggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Kneipp" title="Sebastian Kneipp">Sebastian Kneipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kuhne" title="Louis Kuhne">Louis Kuhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Lahmann" title="Heinrich Lahmann">Heinrich Lahmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Latto_(doctor)" title="Gordon Latto (doctor)">Gordon Latto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Ledermann" title="Eric Ledermann">Eric Ledermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Lee" title="Elmer Lee">Elmer Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lindlahr" title="Henry Lindlahr">Henry Lindlahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evarts_G._Loomis" title="Evarts G. Loomis">Evarts G. Loomis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Lust" title="Benedict Lust">Benedict Lust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddie_Mallett" title="Reddie Mallett">Reddie Mallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Marquette" title="Jacques de Marquette">Jacques de Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Nimmo" title="Catherine Nimmo">Catherine Nimmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Nyssens" title="Ernest Nyssens">Ernest Nyssens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_V._Pink" title="Cyril V. Pink">Cyril V. Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_F._W._Powell" title="Eric F. W. Powell">Eric F. W. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenz_Priessnitz" title="Vincenz Priessnitz">Vincenz Priessnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Earle_Purinton" title="Edward Earle Purinton">Edward Earle Purinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rikli" title="Arnold Rikli">Arnold Rikli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Sandlands" title="J. P. Sandlands">J. P. Sandlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_J._Saxon" title="Edgar J. Saxon">Edgar J. Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schlickeysen" title="Gustav Schlickeysen">Gustav Schlickeysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Schroth" title="Johann Schroth">Johann Schroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Schweninger" title="Ernst Schweninger">Ernst Schweninger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_M._Shelton" title="Herbert M. Shelton">Herbert M. Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Tilden" title="John Henry Tilden">John Henry Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Thacher_Trall" title="Russell Thacher Trall">Russell Thacher Trall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Newman_Turner" title="Frank Newman Turner">Frank Newman Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vogel" title="Alfred Vogel">Alfred Vogel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ann Wigmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Young" title="Robert O. Young">Robert O. Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Wolle" title="Arno Wolle">Arno Wolle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucoid_plaque" title="Mucoid plaque">Mucoid plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Natural hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">Vaccine hesitancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Critics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Atwood" title="Kimball Atwood">Kimball Atwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barrett" title="Stephen Barrett">Stephen Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Beyerstein" title="Barry Beyerstein">Barry Beyerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Cramp" title="Arthur J. Cramp">Arthur J. Cramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gorski" title="David Gorski">David Gorski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Fishbein" title="Morris Fishbein">Morris Fishbein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britt_Marie_Hermes" title="Britt Marie Hermes">Britt Marie Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Hines" title="Terence Hines">Terence Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Malmberg" title="Carl Malmberg">Carl Malmberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Novella" title="Steven Novella">Steven Novella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Sampson" title="Wallace Sampson">Wallace Sampson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Naturopathy" title="Category:Naturopathy">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Naturopathy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Naturopathy">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4766747#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4766747#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4766747#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081812553">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/113393179">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/69742/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg8KcwXfPPTdr7vGmqJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81030862">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0071477&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1032355">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069574421">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wigmore, Ann, 1909-1994"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000051912&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prvw3w479h6th">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810674407305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007434470405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66b1f71">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&oldid=1254878563">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&oldid=1254878563</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1909_births" title="Category:1909 births">1909 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1994_deaths" title="Category:1994 deaths">1994 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers">20th-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_cancer_treatment_advocates" title="Category:Alternative cancer treatment advocates">Alternative cancer treatment advocates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_detoxification_promoters" title="Category:Alternative detoxification promoters">Alternative detoxification promoters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_health_and_wellness_writers" title="Category:American health and wellness writers">American health and wellness writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Lithuanian_descent" title="Category:American people of Lithuanian descent">American people of Lithuanian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_women_nutritionists" title="Category:American women nutritionists">American women nutritionists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_nutritionists" title="Category:American nutritionists">American nutritionists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naturopaths" title="Category:Naturopaths">Naturopaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pseudoscientific_diet_advocates" title="Category:Pseudoscientific diet advocates">Pseudoscientific diet advocates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Raw_foodists" title="Category:Raw foodists">Raw foodists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vitalists" title="Category:Vitalists">Vitalists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2019">Articles with dead external links from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Open_Library_links" title="Category:Articles with Open Library links">Articles with Open Library links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 03:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann_Wigmore&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qmvs7","wgBackendResponseTime":810,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.561","walltime":"0.671","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4990,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":62799,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3653,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":74621,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 599.207 1 -total"," 28.09% 168.336 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.66% 105.828 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 17.17% 102.909 1 Template:Naturopathy"," 16.76% 100.407 1 Template:Navbox"," 12.00% 71.924 2 Template:Cite_book"," 10.86% 65.097 8 Template:Rp"," 10.38% 62.219 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.77% 58.554 8 Template:R/superscript"," 6.45% 38.665 2 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.313","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6954448,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qmvs7","timestamp":"20241122143749","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ann Wigmore","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ann_Wigmore","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4766747","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4766747","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-08-30T03:48:12Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T03:43:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/0\/0f\/Ann_Wigmore.jpg","headline":"American holistic health practitioner"}</script> </body> </html>