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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durability_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durability_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Durability claims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durability_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durability_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durability_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Durability testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durability_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Commercial support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M-Disc_alternatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M-Disc_alternatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>M-Disc alternatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-M-Disc_alternatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle M-Disc alternatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-M-Disc_alternatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Optical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Optical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Magnetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solid_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solid_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Solid state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solid_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="M-DISC" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15727650#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Millennial_Disc" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15727650" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Write-once optical disc technology</div> <p><b>M-DISC</b> (<b>Millennial Disc</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Write_once_read_many" title="Write once read many">write-once</a> <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_technologies" title="Optical disc recording technologies">optical disc technology</a> introduced in 2009 by Millenniata, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and available as <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> discs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style></p><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">M-DISC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_M-DISC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Logo_of_M-DISC.svg/220px-Logo_of_M-DISC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Logo_of_M-DISC.svg/330px-Logo_of_M-DISC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Logo_of_M-DISC.svg/440px-Logo_of_M-DISC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="1415" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Write_once_read_many" title="Write once read many">write-once</a> <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">optical disc</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Content_format" title="Content format">Encoding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">Universal Disk Format</a> (UDF)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_BDXL" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray BDXL">Blu-ray BDXL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed<span class="nowrap"> </span>by</th><td class="infobox-data">Millenniata, Inc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured<span class="nowrap"> </span>by</th><td class="infobox-data">Millenniata, Verbatim, Ritek</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">Diameter: 120 mm (4.7 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Usage</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Media_preservation" title="Media preservation">Archival storage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extended<span class="nowrap"> </span>from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+R">DVD+R</a>, <a href="/wiki/BD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-R">BD-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/BD-R_DL" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-R DL">BD-R DL</a>, <a href="/wiki/BDXL-R_TL" class="mw-redirect" title="BDXL-R TL">BDXL-R TL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data">2009</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical discs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CD_icon_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/CD_icon_test.svg/128px-CD_icon_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/CD_icon_test.svg/192px-CD_icon_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/CD_icon_test.svg/256px-CD_icon_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">General</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" title="Optical disc drive">Optical disc drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_authoring" title="Optical disc authoring">Optical disc authoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_authoring#Software" title="Optical disc authoring">Authoring software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_technologies" title="Optical disc recording technologies">Recording technologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_modes" title="Optical disc recording modes">Recording modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_writing" title="Packet writing">Packet writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_cutting_area" title="Burst cutting area">Burst cutting area</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Optical media types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>Compact disc (<a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">CD-DA</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/5.1_Music_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="5.1 Music Disc">5.1 Music Disc</a>, Super Audio CD (<a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">SACD</a>), <a href="/wiki/Photo_CD" title="Photo CD">Photo CD</a>, CD Video (<a href="/wiki/CD_Video" title="CD Video">CDV</a>), Video CD (<a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a>), Super Video CD (<a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">SVCD</a>), <a href="/wiki/CD%2BG" title="CD+G">CD+G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-Text" title="CD-Text">CD-Text</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM_XA" class="mw-redirect" title="CD-ROM XA">CD-ROM XA</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIL-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="MIL-CD">MIL-CD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mini_CD" title="Mini CD">Mini CD</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/DVD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-R">DVD-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+R">DVD+R</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-R_DL" title="DVD-R DL">DVD-R DL</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR_DL" title="DVD+R DL">DVD+R DL</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-R_DS" title="DVD-R DS">DVD-R DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR_DS" title="DVD+R DS">DVD+R DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-RW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-RW">DVD-RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BRW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+RW">DVD+RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-RAM" title="DVD-RAM">DVD-RAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-D" title="DVD-D">DVD-D</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-A</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-Definition_Versatile_Disc" title="High-Definition Versatile Disc">HVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/EcoDisc" title="EcoDisc">EcoDisc</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiniDVD" title="MiniDVD">MiniDVD</a></li> <li><b>Blu-ray Disc (<a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">BD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_recordable" title="Blu-ray Disc recordable">BD-R & BD-RE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_3D" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray 3D">Blu-ray 3D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray#Mini_Blu-ray_Disc" title="Blu-ray">Mini Blu-ray Disc</a>, 4K Blu-ray (<a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a>)</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M-DISC</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">Universal Media Disc (UMD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Versatile_Disc" title="Enhanced Versatile Disc">Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Forward_Versatile_Disc" title="Forward Versatile Disc">Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="HD DVD-R">HD DVD-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD-RW" class="mw-redirect" title="HD DVD-RW">HD DVD-RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD-RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="HD DVD-RAM">HD DVD-RAM</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/High-Definition_Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc">High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/VCDHD" title="VCDHD">VCDHD</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/GD-ROM" title="GD-ROM">GD-ROM</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Personal_Video_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Video Disc">Personal Video Disc (PVD)</a></b></li> <li><b>MiniDisc (<a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/MD_Data" title="MD Data">MD Data, MD Data2</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hi-MD" title="Hi-MD">Hi-MD</a></b></li> <li><b>LaserDisc (<a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/LD-ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="LD-ROM">LD-ROM</a>, <a href="/wiki/LV-ROM" title="LV-ROM">LV-ROM</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Video_Single_Disc" title="Video Single Disc">Video Single Disc (VSD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Magneto-optical_drive" title="Magneto-optical drive">Magneto-optical discs</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Density_Optical" title="Ultra Density Optical">Ultra Density Optical (UDO)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3D_optical_data_storage" title="3D optical data storage">3D optical data storage</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stacked_Volumetric_Optical_Disc" title="Stacked Volumetric Optical Disc">Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_Multilayer_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent Multilayer Disc">Fluorescent Multilayer Disc</a> </b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hyper_CD-ROM" title="Hyper CD-ROM">Hyper CD-ROM</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_optical_discs" title="Nintendo optical discs">Nintendo optical disc (NOD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a> (AD)</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Professional_Disc" title="Professional Disc">Professional Disc</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/DataPlay" title="DataPlay">DataPlay</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Standards</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form_Factor_Committee" title="Small Form Factor Committee">SFF</a> <a href="/wiki/ATA_Packet_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="ATA Packet Interface">ATAPI</a>/<a href="/wiki/SCSI_Multimedia_Commands" title="SCSI Multimedia Commands">MMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_(packet_writing)" title="Mount Rainier (packet writing)">Mount Rainier</a> (packet writing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_Jump_Recording" title="Layer Jump Recording">Mount Fuji</a> (layer jump recording)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Books" title="Rainbow Books">Rainbow Books</a></li> <li>File systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joliet_(file_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joliet (file system)">Joliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeo file system">Romeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Ridge">Rock Ridge</a> / SUSP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Torito_(CD-ROM_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Torito (CD-ROM standard)">El Torito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ISO_9660_Extensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple ISO 9660 Extensions">Apple ISO 9660 Extensions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Universal Disk Format (<a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">ISO 13490</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_optical_storage_media" class="mw-redirect" title="History of optical storage media">History of optical storage media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_optical_disc_format_war" title="High-definition optical disc format war">High-definition optical disc format war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Optical_disc" title="Template:Optical disc"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Optical_disc" title="Template talk:Optical disc"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Optical_disc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Optical disc"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>M-DISC's design is intended to provide <a href="/wiki/Media_preservation" title="Media preservation">archival media longevity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> M-Disc claims that properly stored M-DISC DVD recordings will last up to 1000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The M-DISC DVD looks like a standard disc, except it is almost transparent with later DVD and BD-R M-Disks having standard and <a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printing" title="Inkjet printing">inkjet</a> printable labels. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M-disc-comparison-blank-vs-written.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/M-disc-comparison-blank-vs-written.jpg/317px-M-disc-comparison-blank-vs-written.jpg" decoding="async" width="317" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/M-disc-comparison-blank-vs-written.jpg/476px-M-disc-comparison-blank-vs-written.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/M-disc-comparison-blank-vs-written.jpg/634px-M-disc-comparison-blank-vs-written.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="1610" /></a><figcaption>On the left is an M-disc written with information, on the right is an unwritten, blank M-disc.</figcaption></figure> <p>The patents protecting the M-DISC technology assert that the data layer is a <a href="/wiki/Glassy_carbon" title="Glassy carbon">glassy carbon</a> material that is substantially inert to <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation</a> and has a <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">melting point</a> of 200–1000 °C (392–1832 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>M-Discs are readable by most regular DVD players made after 2005, and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-Ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/BDXL" class="mw-redirect" title="BDXL">BDXL</a> disc drives and writable by most made after 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-RITEK_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RITEK-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Available recording capacities conform to standard DVD/Blu-ray sizes: 4.7 GB <a href="/wiki/DVD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-R">DVD-R</a> to 25 GB <a href="/wiki/BD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-R">BD-R</a>, 50 GB <a href="/wiki/BD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-R">BD-R</a> and 100 GB <a href="/wiki/BD-XL" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-XL">BDXL</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>M-DISC developer Millenniata, Inc. was co-founded by <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> professors Barry Lunt, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Linford" title="Matthew Linford">Matthew Linford</a>, <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> Henry O'Connell and <a href="/wiki/Chief_technology_officer" title="Chief technology officer">CTO</a> Doug Hansen.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was incorporated on May 13, 2010, in <a href="/wiki/American_Fork,_Utah" title="American Fork, Utah">American Fork, Utah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dhintro_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dhintro-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Millenniata, Inc. officially went bankrupt in December 2016. Under the direction of CEO Paul Brockbank, Millenniata had issued <a href="/wiki/Convertible_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertible debt">convertible debt</a>. When the obligation for conversion was not satisfied, the company defaulted on the debt payment and the debt holders took possession of all of the company's assets. The debt holders subsequently started a new company, Yours.co, to sell M-DISCs and related services. </p><p>As of the 2020s, there are only 2 licensed manufacturers' M-Discs: <a href="/wiki/Ritek" title="Ritek">Ritek</a> sold under the Ritek and M-DISC brands, and <a href="/wiki/Verbatim_(brand)" title="Verbatim (brand)">Verbatim</a> with co-branded discs, marketed as the "Verbatim M-DISC".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>128 GB <a href="/wiki/BD-XL" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-XL">BDXL</a> never made it to market due to the 2016 bankruptcy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Early in 2022, Verbatim changed the formulation of their "M-DISC" branded Blu-rays. These new discs could be written at a faster rate than the previous ones – 6x speed instead of 4x. The new discs also had different colouration and markings compared with older version. Later in the year customers accused Verbatim of selling an inferior product and deceptive marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verbatim responded that the new discs were a further development of the older discs and should have the same longevity, and that the technical changes therein were responsible for the altered appearance and higher write speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Durability_claims">Durability claims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Durability claims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>M-DISC passed the testing standards of both ISO/IEC 10995:2011<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-379_3rd_edition_june_2010.pdf">ECMA-379</a> with a projected rated lifespan of several hundred years in archival use. </p><p>The glassy carbon layers, in theory if preserved correctly in an environment like a salt mine, could store the data for over 10,000 years before going outside of readable specifications. However, the <a href="/wiki/Polycarbonate" title="Polycarbonate">polycarbonate plastics</a>, which are commonly used by almost all optical media and heavily in <a href="/wiki/CBRN_defense" title="CBRN defense">CBRN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_shield" title="Ballistic shield">ballistic</a> protective equipment due to their optical, physical impact and chemical resistant properties, have a lifespan rating of only around 1000 years before degradation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Durability_testing">Durability testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Durability testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, testing was done by the US Department of Defense (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a>) producing the China Lake Report<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> testing Millenniata's M-Disk DVD to current market offerings from Delkin, MAM-A, Mitsubishi, Taiyo Yuden and Verbatim with all brands using organic dyes failing to pass the series of accelerated aging tests. </p><p>From 2010 to 2012, the French National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (<a href="/wiki/Laboratoire_national_de_m%C3%A9trologie_et_d%27essais" title="Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais">LNE</a>) used high-temperature <a href="/wiki/Accelerated_aging" title="Accelerated aging">accelerated aging</a> testing,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at 90 °C (194 °F) and 85% relative humidity inside a CLIMATS Excal 5423-U, for 250 to 1000 hours with a mix of inorganic DVD+R discs from MPO, <a href="/wiki/Verbatim_(brand)" title="Verbatim (brand)">Verbatim</a>, Maxell, Syylex and DataTresor. The summary of the tests states that Syylex Glass Master Disc was rated for 1000+ hours, DataTresor Disc 250 hours+ and M-Disk under 250 hours. The Syylex disc was a custom-ordered product that could not be burned in a consumer player when they were still purchaseable from Syylex before their bankruptcy, so it was not truly in the same category as the others. </p><p>In 2016, a consumer Mol Smith<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. The ability of a video bluray to play vs data being identical to the original aren't the same thing, as players are tolerant of minor bitstream errors and playback slow enough that multiple re-read attempts can occur. Also, the sandwiched organic dye layer on regular discs tends to be exposed on the edges so fluid exposure at the edge can quickly wreck it and the adhesion of the backing, throwing it in the sink for a while would have likely caused the same issues. (March 2024)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> did real world <a href="/wiki/Stress_testing" title="Stress testing">stress testing</a> on the 25 GB BD-R M-Disc alongside TDK's standard BD-R 25 GB disc using a copied movie, which demonstrated the reliability of M-Disc's molding compared to standard discs; after 60 days of outdoor direct exposure the M-Disk was played without error, while the TDK disc was physically destroyed. </p><p>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a> Interagency Report NIST IR 8387<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> listed the M-Disc as an acceptable archival format rated for 100+ years, citing the aforementioned 2009 and 2012 tests by the US Department of Defense and French National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing as sources. </p><p>The M-Disc is touted as a capable medium for <a href="/wiki/Film_preservation" title="Film preservation">film preservation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_support">Commercial support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commercial support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While recorded discs are readable in conventional DVD and BD drives, they can only be burned by drives with firmware that supports the slightly higher power mode that M-Disk requires for burning its inorganic layers,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="BD is inorganic by default. What's the big difference here? (February 2023)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:M-DISC#Dubious" title="Talk:M-DISC">discuss</a></i>]</sup> as such writing speed is typically 2x speed. </p><p>Typically, the M-Discs cost 1.5–3x the price of standard Blu-Ray discs with DVD M-Discs now having sparse availability. </p><p>With the first-generation DVD M-DISCs, it was difficult to determine which was the writable side of the disc due to being near fully translucent, until coloring and later labels similar to that on standard DVD discs was added to discs to help distinguish the sides preventing user error. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lite-On" title="Lite-On">Lite-On</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melco" title="Melco">Buffalo Technology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hitachi-LG_Data_Storage" title="Hitachi-LG Data Storage">Hitachi-LG</a> produce drives that can record M-DISC media while <a href="/wiki/Verbatim_(brand)" title="Verbatim (brand)">Verbatim</a> produces M-DISC discs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The regional government of the U.S. state of Utah has used M-Disc since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some consumers and avid <a href="/wiki/Digital_hoarding" title="Digital hoarding">datahoarders</a> have adopted the format for cold digital data storage.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M-Disc_alternatives">M-Disc alternatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: M-Disc alternatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optical">Optical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Optical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/5D_optical_data_storage" title="5D optical data storage">5D optical data storage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Write_Once_Read_Forever" title="Write Once Read Forever">Write Once Read Forever</a></div> <p>Syylex Glass Master Disc:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blu-Ray 25GB and Blu-Ray 50GB - Fabricated on demand at the cost of €1000<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (EUR) per disc these discs use etched glass and are only typically degradable by physical or chemical damage, but not by normal ageing inside an archival environment. </p><p>Current BD 25 GB, BD-DL 50 GB & BDXL 100 GB (three layer) and Sony's BDXL 128 GB (four layer) discs are rated for up to 50 years (Standard in-organic HTL discs). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Optical_Disc_Archive" title="Optical Disc Archive">Sony's Optical Archive</a>, is an optical competitor to the <a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">LTO</a> data tape system, currently with up to 5.5 TB cartridges of dual-sided 120mm discs, with desktop readers and automated <a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">rackmount standard</a> archival systems allowing for large scale archival and data retrieval<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rated for an estimated 100+ years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetic">Magnetic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Magnetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a> (LTO) is rated for up to 30 years in a climate-controlled environment and is currently in use by most industries, including broadcast and corporate digital data systems, with up to 45 TB (40.92 TiB) of compressed storage per cartridge on LTO's ninth generation. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drives</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are currently available up to 30 TB (HDD) capacity in 3.5-inch format and 5TB in 2.5-inch laptop format. However, unlike optical media, they are limited to 5–25 years of operation lifespan due to inevitable mechanical failure or magnetic instability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solid_state">Solid state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Solid state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drives</a> are currently available in up to 100 TB.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SSDs, unlike mechanical drives, have a relatively limited number of read/write cycles, and experience <a href="/wiki/Data_rot" class="mw-redirect" title="Data rot">data rot</a> over relatively short periods without power. The <a href="/wiki/JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC</a> standard specifies a minimum data retention time of one year without power.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M-disc-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M-DISC optical storage medium transparency demonstration"><img alt="M-DISC optical storage medium transparency demonstration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/M-disc-03.jpg/200px-M-disc-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/M-disc-03.jpg/300px-M-disc-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/M-disc-03.jpg/400px-M-disc-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M-DISC optical storage medium transparency demonstration</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M-disc-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M-DISC (DVD) medium in an open case"><img alt="M-DISC (DVD) medium in an open case" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/M-disc-02.jpg/200px-M-disc-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/M-disc-02.jpg/300px-M-disc-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/M-disc-02.jpg/400px-M-disc-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M-DISC (DVD) medium in an open case</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LG_WH14NS40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The M-DISC "swirl" logo on an LG Blu-ray optical drive"><img alt="The M-DISC "swirl" logo on an LG Blu-ray optical drive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/LG_WH14NS40.jpg/200px-LG_WH14NS40.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/LG_WH14NS40.jpg/300px-LG_WH14NS40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/LG_WH14NS40.jpg/400px-LG_WH14NS40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The M-DISC "swirl" logo on an <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a> <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> optical drive</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB in front of the jewel case"><img alt="A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB in front of the jewel case" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_2.jpg/183px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_2.jpg/275px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_2.jpg/366px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="1637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB in front of the jewel case</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB in front of the jewel case"><img alt="A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB in front of the jewel case" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_1.jpg/150px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_1.jpg/226px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_1.jpg/301px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL_100GB_In_Frount_of_Jewel_Case_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB in front of the jewel case</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB"><img alt="A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL.jpg/155px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL.jpg/233px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL.jpg/310px-Verbatim_M-Disc_BDXL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1814" data-file-height="1814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Verbatim M-Disc BDXL 100GB</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accelerated thermal tests are only representative from a materials science perspective, this data is mostly used for manufacturing development, These discs would never pass 50 °C in real-world situations as even basic burial archival depth of 1–2 meters would keep them in the >20 °C range.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ideal storage condition, e.g., 15 °C and 10% RH </p><p>Controlled storage condition, e.g., 25 °C and 50% RH, using the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyring_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyring model (page does not exist)">Eyring model</a> (see: <a href="/wiki/Eyring_equation" title="Eyring equation">Eyring equation</a>) </p><p>Uncontrolled storage condition, e.g., 30 °C and 80% RH, using the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrhenius_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrhenius model (page does not exist)">Arrhenius model</a> (see: <a href="/wiki/Arrhenius_equation" title="Arrhenius equation">Arrhenius equation</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-DISC&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWright2009" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Randy (July 17, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704112223/http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/article_b25c9a30-7242-11de-9feb-001cc4c03286.html">"Springville company introduces new DVD to protect data for a thousand years or more"</a>. <i>Daily Herald</i>. p. 1. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechRadar&rft.atitle=At+100TB%2C+the+world%27s+biggest+SSD+gets+an+%28eye-watering%29+price+tag&rft.date=2020-07-07&rft.aulast=Athow&rft.aufirst=Desire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fat-100tb-the-worlds-biggest-ssd-gets-an-eye-watering-price-tag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM-DISC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2015" class="citation web cs1">Cox, Alvin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/Alvin_Cox%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D_0.pdf#page=26">"JEDEC SSD Specifications Explained"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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