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Bourekas film - Wikipedia
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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre of Israeli comic melodrama</div> <p><b>Bourekas films</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">סרטי בורקס</span>) (named after <a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">bourekas</a>) were a genre of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a>-made comic melodrama films popular in Israel in the 1960s and 1970s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i> film critic Uri Klein describes Bourekas films as a "peculiarly Israeli genre of comic melodramas or tearjerkers... based on ethnic stereotypes".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were "home-grown farces and melodramas that provided escapist entertainment during a tense period in Israeli history".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is said to have been coined by the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a> <a href="/wiki/Boaz_Davidson" title="Boaz Davidson">Boaz Davidson</a>, the creator of several such films, as a play-on-words on the "<a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a>" genre, known as such because that particular Western subgenre was produced in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">Bourekas</a> are a popular food in <a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a>, it is also named because of a scene from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Policeman" title="The Policeman">The Policeman</a></i> in which the title character offers one of his co-workers a boureka. </p><p>Although Bourekas films were some of the most successful in the box office, they typically received terrible reviews from critics. They were described as low-brow and vulgar, and an inaccurate representation of Israel that was detrimental to its image.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In critiquing <i><a href="/wiki/Sallah_Shabbati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallah Shabbati">Sallah Shabbati</a></i> Biltzki in <i><a href="/wiki/Al_HaMishmar" title="Al HaMishmar">Al HaMishmar</a></i> said, "Because parties in Israel are presented not only in the distorted mirror of a distorted humor but also in the ugly mirror of the image of public and organizational life...One has to think twice if such a film should represent us abroad".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the 1970s, the popularity of the Bourekas film declined. In the 1980s, Israeli films became more politically charged and began to address controversial topics. Nowadays many of the Bourekas films have gained <a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">cult</a> status in Israel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main theme in most Bourekas films is the conflict between ethnic cultures in Israel, in particular between the <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi Jews</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a>, and in colonialist terms, between the "third world" (Mizrahi) and the "first world" (Ashkenazic).<sup id="cite_ref-Abba_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abba-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 212">: 212 </span></sup> The protagonist is usually a Mizrahi Jewish man, almost always poor, canny and with street smarts, who comes into conflict with the institutions of the state or figures of Ashkenazi origin—mostly portrayed as rich, conceited, stuck-up, cold-hearted and <a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">alienated</a>. In many of these films, actors imitate different Hebrew accents, especially that of <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a> originating from <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. They employ <a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a> humour, alternative identities and a combination of <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodrama</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann</a> (2005) argues that although "burekas films like <i>Snooker</i> (<a href="/wiki/Boaz_Davidson" title="Boaz Davidson">Boaz Davidson</a> 1975) and <i>Hakham Gamliel</i> (<a href="/wiki/Joel_Silberg" title="Joel Silberg">Joel Silberg</a> 1974) are regarded by many as the epitome of Mizrahi culture, [they] are hybridic and modelled upon Ashkenazic <i>shtetl</i> life as in <i>Kuni Lemel</i> (<i>Two Kuni Lemels</i> a.k.a. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Matchmaker" title="The Flying Matchmaker">The Flying Matchmaker</a></i>) and <i>shtétl Kabtsíel</i> in <a href="/wiki/Mendele_Mocher_Sforim" title="Mendele Mocher Sforim">Méndele Móykher Sfórim</a>'s <i>Beémek Habakhá</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abba_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abba-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 213">: 213 </span></sup> </p><p>In a book entitled "Israeli Bourekas Films: their Origins and Legacy"(2023),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the scholar Rami Kimchi claims that the portrayal of Israeli Mizrahi communities in these films bears a strong resemblance to the portrayal of the 19th century East European shtetl by classic Yiddish writers Kimchi attributes the commercial success of these films to their "hybridity", i.e. they were Israeli/Mizrahi and Diasporic/Ashkenazi at one and the same time, thereby satisfying the political, sociological, and psychological needs of both Mizrahi and Ashkenazi audiences in Israel. He believes eleven films produced between 1964 and 1977 make up the corpus of the genre. Kimchi also points out that the bourekas pattern has remained relevant to contemporary Israeli cinema and that there are two contemporary Israeli subgenres that are influenced by the historical Bourekas films: Neo Bourekas and Post Bourekas . Neo-Bourekas are films that innocently reproduce the paradigmatic representation of the Mizrahi neighborhood of the historical Bourekas films while adapting it to the current time and place, while Post-Bourekas are films that consciously copy several features of the aforementioned paradigmatic representation and exaggerate their performance to the point of creating a parody.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Actors_and_directors">Actors and directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Actors and directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bourekas films were highly successful in Israel during the 1960s and 1970s, but were also criticized for being shallow. Some of the main actors and directors were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Revach" title="Ze'ev Revach">Ze'ev Revach</a>: an actor and director who participated in many popular Bourekas film comedies such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hagiga_B%27Snuker" title="Hagiga B'Snuker">Hagiga B'Snuker</a></i> (1975), <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Ve%27hetzi" title="Charlie Ve'hetzi">Charlie Ve'hetzi</a></i> (1974), <i>Rak Hayom</i> (1976), <i>Gonev Mi'ganav Patoor</i> (1977), <i>Ta'ut Bamispar</i> (1979), <i>Ha-Muvtal Batito</i> (1987), <i>Lo La'alot Yoter</i> (1979), <i>Sapar Nashim</i> (1984), <i>Pa'amaim Buskila</i> (1998), and more. Revach eventually became the person which is most identified with the Bourekas films and continued to create those films until the end of the 1980s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ovadiah" title="George Ovadiah">George Ovadiah</a>: a director who created many melodramas which were influenced (and at times copied) from the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish cinema">Turkish cinema</a>. The most prominent of his films are : <i>Ariana</i> (1971), <i><a href="/wiki/Nurit_(Movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurit (Movie)">Nurit</a></i> (1972), <i>Sarit</i> (1974), <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Girl" title="West Side Girl">West Side Girl</a></i> (1979), and more. Obadiah also created comedies like <i>Nahtche V'Hageneral</i> (1972), <i>Fishke Bemilu'im</i> (1971) and <i>Koreyim Li Shmil</i> (1973).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Barkan" title="Yehuda Barkan">Yehuda Barkan</a>: an actor and director who participated in many Bourekas films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lupo!" title="Lupo!">Lupo</a></i> (1970) and <i>Lupo B'New York</i> (1976), <i><a href="/wiki/Katz_V%27Carasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Katz V'Carasso">Katz V'Carasso</a></i> (1971), <i>Charlie Ve'hetzi</i> (1974), <i>Hagiga B'Snuker</i> (1975), <i>Bo Nefotzetz Million</i> (1977) and more. Barkan also played in the 1980s <i>Abba Ganuv</i> film series and directed them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_Davidson" title="Boaz Davidson">Boaz Davidson</a>: a director of many Bourekas film comedies such as <i>Charlie Ve'hetzi</i> (1974), <i>Hagiga B'Snuker</i> (1975), <i>Mishpahat Tzan'ani</i> (1976), and <i>Lupo B'New York</i> (1976). His films <i>Charlie Ve'hetzi</i> and <i>Hagiga B'Snuker</i> had a 'revival' in the 1990s and a status of Israeli cult film status.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Shiloach" title="Yosef Shiloach">Yosef Shiloach</a>: Played in several Bourekas film comedies, in parallel with a set of dramatic and more serious roles he played in a variety of Hollywood films. A character which is identified with him in particular is "the Persian"—a somewhat sensual grotesque who possesses a strong Persian accent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvia_Tzafir" title="Tuvia Tzafir">Tuvia Tzafir</a>: Played in several Bourekas films, particularly in the role of the grotesque "Ashkenazi" character.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Golan" title="Menahem Golan">Menahem Golan</a>: a director and producer of many fiscally successful Bourekas films such as <i>Fortuna</i> (1966), <i>My Margo</i> (1969), <i><a href="/wiki/Lupo!" title="Lupo!">Lupo</a></i> (1970), <i>Queen of the Road (Malkat haKvish)</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Contract_(1971_film)" title="The Contract (1971 film)">The Contract</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Meir_Schnitzer_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meir_Schnitzer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (both 1971).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Topol" class="mw-redirect" title="Haim Topol">Haim Topol</a>: Starred in <i>Sallah Shabati</i> (1965) before his breakout <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy">Golden Globe</a>-winning role in <a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof_(film)" title="Fiddler on the Roof (film)">the 1971 film adaption of <i>Fiddler on the Roof</i></a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subgenres">Subgenres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subgenres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish_films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gefilte fish films (page does not exist)">Gefilte fish films</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9" class="extiw" title="he:סרט געפילטע פיש">he</a>]</span> (from "<a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a>"), also known as "bourekas for Ashkenazim", are a marginal group of Bourekas films that feature <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> protagonists and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghetto_(diaspora)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish ghetto (diaspora)">Jewish ghetto</a> folklore.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some films in this subgenre include: </p> <ul><li><i>Two Kuni Lemels</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Matchmaker" title="The Flying Matchmaker">The Flying Matchmaker</a></i>), 1966 (Israel Beker)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lupo!" title="Lupo!">Lupo</a></i>, 1970 (Golan)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuni_Lemel_in_Tel_Aviv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuni Lemel in Tel Aviv (page does not exist)">Kuni Lemel in Tel Aviv</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91" class="extiw" title="he:קוני למל בתל אביב">he</a>]</span></i>, 1976<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuni_Lemel_in_Cairo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuni Lemel in Cairo (page does not exist)">Kuni Lemel in Cairo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8" class="extiw" title="he:קוני למל בקהיר">he</a>]</span></i>, 1983<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i>Lupo in New York</i> (1976) (Davidson)</li> <li><i>Hershele</i>, 1977 (Joel Silberg)</li> <li><i>Marriage Tel Aviv Style</i>, 1980 (Joel Silberg)</li> <li><i>Aunt Klara (HaDoda Klara)</i>, 1977 (Avraham Hefner)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_films">Notable films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several prominent Bourekas films are listed below in chronological order of production. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sallah_Shabbati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallah Shabbati">Sallah Shabbati</a></i> (1964)—directed by Kishon and the first Israeli film to be nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Academy Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortuna_(film)" title="Fortuna (film)">Fortuna</a></i> (1966)—directed by <a href="/wiki/Menahem_Golan" title="Menahem Golan">Menahem Golan</a></li> <li><i>Moishe Vintelator</i> (1966)—directed by <a href="/wiki/Uri_Zohar" title="Uri Zohar">Uri Zohar</a></li> <li><i>999 Aliza Misrahi</i> (1967)—directed by <a href="/wiki/Menahem_Golan" title="Menahem Golan">Menahem Golan</a></li> <li><i>Two Kuni Lemels</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Matchmaker" title="The Flying Matchmaker">The Flying Matchmaker</a></i>), 1966 (Israel Beker)</li> <li><i>Our Neighborhood (HaShkhuna Shelanu)</i> (1968)—directed by <a href="/wiki/Uri_Zohar" title="Uri Zohar">Uri Zohar</a></li> <li><i>My Margo</i> (1969)—directed by <a href="/wiki/Menahem_Golan" title="Menahem Golan">Menahem Golan</a></li> <li><i>Queen of the Road (Malkat haKvish)</i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Contract_(1971_film)" title="The Contract (1971 film)">The Contract</a></i> (1971)—directed by Menahem Golan</li> <li><i>Salomonico</i> (1972)</li> <li><i>Ha-Meshahnei'a Ba'am</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>Haham Gamliel</i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazablan" title="Kazablan">Kazablan</a></i> (1974)—a story of a young Mizrahi man who falls in love with an Ashkenazi girl, starring <a href="/wiki/Yehoram_Gaon" title="Yehoram Gaon">Yehoram Gaon</a></li> <li><i>Charlie Va'Hetzi</i> (1974) Directed by Boaz Davidson</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hagiga_B%27Snuker" title="Hagiga B'Snuker">Hagiga B'Snuker</a></i> (1975) Directed by Boaz Davidson</li> <li><i>Yi'ihiyeh Tov Salmonico</i> (1975)—with Reuven Bar-Yotam</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuni_Lemel_in_Tel_Aviv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuni Lemel in Tel Aviv (page does not exist)">Kuni Lemel in Tel Aviv</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91" class="extiw" title="he:קוני למל בתל אביב">he</a>]</span></i>, 1976<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i>Mishpachat Tesanani</i> (1976) Directed by Boaz Davidson</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuni_Lemel_in_Cairo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuni Lemel in Cairo (page does not exist)">Kuni Lemel in Cairo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8" class="extiw" title="he:קוני למל בקהיר">he</a>]</span></i>, 1983<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli culture">Israeli culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli cinema">Israeli cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannon Films">Cannon Films</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Beémek Habakhá</i> ("In the Vale of Tears"): Yiddish title: "Dos vintshfingerl"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("The Wishing Ring")<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourekas_film&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1046962.html">And Then There was One, Uri Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Film/Israeli_Film.shtml">Overview: Israeli film</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShohat2010" class="citation book cs1">Shohat, Ella (2010). <i>Israeli Cinema: East/West and the Politics of Representation</i> (New ed.). London: I.B. Tauris Co & Ltd. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845113124" title="Special:BookSources/9781845113124"><bdi>9781845113124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+Cinema%3A+East%2FWest+and+the+Politics+of+Representation&rft.place=London&rft.pages=124&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+Co+%26+Ltd&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781845113124&rft.aulast=Shohat&rft.aufirst=Ella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABourekas+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiltzki" class="citation journal cs1">Biltzki. "Another Opinion on "Sallah Shabbati"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Al HoMishmar</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+HoMishmar&rft.atitle=Another+Opinion+on+%22Sallah+Shabbati%22&rft.au=Biltzki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABourekas+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abba-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abba_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abba_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/abba.pdf">"<i>Abba, why was Professor Higgins trying to teach Eliza to speak like our cleaning lady?</i>: Mizrahim, Ashkenazim, Prescriptivism and the Real Sounds of the Israeli Language"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Association_for_Jewish_Studies" title="Australian Association for Jewish Studies">Australian Journal of Jewish Studies</a></i> 19, pp. 210-231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/collections/yiddish-books/spb-nybc211106/mendele-mokher-sefarim-dos-vintshfingerl">"Dos vintshfingerl"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Wishing-Ring-Judaic-Traditions-Literature/dp/0815630352">"The Wishing Ring"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kimchi Rami, Israeli Bourekas Films: their Origins and Legacy, Indiana University Press,2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kimchi Rami, Israeli Bourekas Films: Their Origins and Legacy, Indiana university Press,2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meir_Schnitzer-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meir_Schnitzer_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meir Schnitzer, Israeli Cinema: Facts/ Plots/ Directors / Opinions, Kinneret Publishing House, 1994. P. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShohat2010" class="citation book cs1">Shohat, Ella (2010). <i>Israeli Cinema: East/West and the Politics of Representation</i> (New ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845113124" title="Special:BookSources/9781845113124"><bdi>9781845113124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+Cinema%3A+East%2FWest+and+the+Politics+of+Representation&rft.place=London&rft.pages=114&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781845113124&rft.aulast=Shohat&rft.aufirst=Ella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABourekas+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2015/03/01/culture/from-the-archive-israels-impressive-losing-record-at-the-oscars">From the Archive: Israel's impressive losing record at the Oscars - Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1965">1965|Oscars.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izkW-sDQebk">"Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow" Wins Foreign Language Film: 1965 Oscars</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" 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href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter 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title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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