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<span>Resources and income</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resources_and_income-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vila_do_Infante_and_Portuguese_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vila_do_Infante_and_Portuguese_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vila_do_Infante_and_Portuguese_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henry's_explorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henry's_explorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Henry's explorations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Henry's_explorations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Henry's explorations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Henry's_explorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Madeira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madeira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Madeira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madeira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Azores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Azores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The Azores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Azores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_African_coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_African_coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>West African coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_African_coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_the_"Navigator"_nickname" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_the_"Navigator"_nickname"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Origin of the "Navigator" nickname</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_"Navigator"_nickname-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prince Henry the Navigator</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_die_Seevaarder" title="Hendrik die Seevaarder – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hendrik die Seevaarder" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="هنري الملاح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنري الملاح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique%27l_Navegante" title="Enrique'l Navegante – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enrique'l Navegante" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99mi%C3%A7i_Henri" title="Gəmiçi Henri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gəmiçi Henri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="هنری دریانورد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هنری دریانورد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_sang_Navigator" title="Henrique sang Navigator – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Henrique sang Navigator" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%94%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%B3%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Һенрих Диңгеҙгиҙәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һенрих Диңгеҙгиҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Генрых Мараплавец – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генрых Мараплавец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Генрых Мараплавец – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Генрых Мараплавец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Енрике Мореплавателя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енрике Мореплавателя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herri_ar_Merdeer" title="Herri ar Merdeer – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Herri ar Merdeer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enric_el_Navegant" title="Enric el Navegant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enric el Navegant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jind%C5%99ich_Mo%C5%99eplavec" title="Jindřich Mořeplavec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jindřich Mořeplavec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_S%C3%B8fareren" title="Henrik Søfareren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henrik Søfareren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_der_Seefahrer" title="Heinrich der Seefahrer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heinrich der Seefahrer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ερρίκος ο Θαλασσοπόρος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ερρίκος ο Θαλασσοπόρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_el_Navegante" title="Enrique el Navegante – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enrique el Navegante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriko_la_Navigisto" title="Henriko la Navigisto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henriko la Navigisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrike_Nabigatzailea" title="Henrike Nabigatzailea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henrike Nabigatzailea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="هنری دریانورد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنری دریانورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_le_Navigateur" title="Henri le Navigateur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henri le Navigateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eanraig_am_Maraiche" title="Eanraig am Maraiche – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eanraig am Maraiche" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique,_duque_de_Viseu" title="Henrique, duque de Viseu – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henrique, duque de Viseu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%94%ED%9E%88%ED%81%AC_%ED%95%AD%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%9E%90" title="엔히크 항해왕자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엔히크 항해왕자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Pomorac" title="Henrik Pomorac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Henrik Pomorac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_sang_Navigator" title="Henrique sang Navigator – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Henrique sang Navigator" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrico_le_Navigator" title="Henrico le Navigator – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Henrico le Navigator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinrik_s%C3%A6fari" title="Hinrik sæfari – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hinrik sæfari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_il_Navigatore" title="Enrico il Navigatore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enrico il Navigatore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="אנריקה הספן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנריקה הספן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98)" title="ენრიკე პორტუგალიელი (ვიზეუს ჰერცოგი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენრიკე პორტუგალიელი (ვიზეუს ჰერცოგი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrike_J%C5%ABrasbrauc%C4%93js" title="Enrike Jūrasbraucējs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Enrike Jūrasbraucējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrikas_J%C5%ABrininkas" title="Henrikas Jūrininkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Henrikas Jūrininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenger%C3%A9sz_Henrik" title="Tengerész Henrik – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tengerész Henrik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" title="Henry the Navigator – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Henry the Navigator" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="هنرى الملاح – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنرى الملاح" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putera_Henrique_si_Pelayar" title="Putera Henrique si Pelayar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Putera Henrique si Pelayar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfante_D._Anrique" title="Anfante D. Anrique – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anfante D. Anrique" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE_(%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0)" title="ဟင်နရီ (ရေကြောင်းလမ်းပြသူ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟင်နရီ (ရေကြောင်းလမ်းပြသူ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_de_Zeevaarder" title="Hendrik de Zeevaarder – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hendrik de Zeevaarder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B1%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90" title="エンリケ航海王子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エンリケ航海王子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Sj%C3%B8fareren" title="Henrik Sjøfareren – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henrik Sjøfareren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Sj%C3%B8fararen" title="Henrik Sjøfararen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Henrik Sjøfararen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enric_lo_Navegador" title="Enric lo Navegador – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Enric lo Navegador" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_%C5%BBeglarz" title="Henryk Żeglarz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henryk Żeglarz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infante_Dom_Henrique" title="Infante Dom Henrique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Infante Dom Henrique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henric_Navigatorul" title="Henric Navigatorul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Henric Navigatorul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Генрих Мореплаватель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генрих Мореплаватель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Генрих Навигатор – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Генрих Навигатор" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" title="Henry the Navigator – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Henry the Navigator" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" title="Henry the Navigator – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Henry the Navigator" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Pomor%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Henrik Pomorščak – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Henrik Pomorščak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Хенрик Морепловац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хенрик Морепловац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Moreplovac" title="Henrik Moreplovac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Henrik Moreplovac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Purjehtija" title="Henrik Purjehtija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henrik Purjehtija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Sj%C3%B6fararen" title="Henrik Sjöfararen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henrik Sjöfararen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_ang_Nabigador" title="Enrique ang Nabigador – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Enrique ang Nabigador" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="เอ็งรีกึราชนาวิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็งรีกึราชนาวิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemici_Henrique" title="Gemici Henrique – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gemici Henrique" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Енріке Мореплавець – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енріке Мореплавець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Nh%C3%A0_h%C3%A0ng_h%E1%BA%A3i" title="Henrique Nhà hàng hải – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Henrique Nhà hàng hải" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_nga_Maglalayag" title="Henrique nga Maglalayag – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Henrique nga Maglalayag" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%EF%BC%88%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%89" title="恩里克（航海家） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恩里克（航海家）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E7%9A%87%E5%AD%90" title="殷皇子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="殷皇子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Portuguese prince and governor (1394–1460)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Prince Henry the Navigator</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Viseu" title="Duke of Viseu">Duke of Viseu</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg/220px-Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg/330px-Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg/440px-Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><i>Infante Dom Henrique</i>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_Panels" title="Saint Vincent Panels">St. Vincent Panels</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">4 March 1394<br /><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Portugal in the Middle Ages">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 November 1460<span style="display:none">(1460-11-13)</span> (aged 66)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sagres_(Vila_do_Bispo)" title="Sagres (Vila do Bispo)">Sagres</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1415%E2%80%931578)" title="History of Portugal (1415–1578)">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Batalha_Monastery" title="Batalha Monastery">Batalha Monastery</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">Aviz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">John I of Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Lancaster" title="Philippa of Lancaster">Philippa of Lancaster</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Dom_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom (title)">Dom</a> <b>Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu</b> (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as <b>Prince Henry the Navigator</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador</i>), was a central figure in the early days of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion. Through his administrative direction, he is regarded as the main initiator of what would be known as the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>. Henry was the fourth child of King <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">John I of Portugal</a>, who founded the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">House of Aviz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After procuring the new <a href="/wiki/Caravel" title="Caravel">caravel</a> ship, Henry was responsible for the early development of Portuguese exploration and maritime trade with other continents through the systematic exploration of Western Africa, the islands of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, and the search for new routes. He encouraged his father to conquer <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> (1415), the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> port on the North African coast across the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Gibraltar">Straits of Gibraltar</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. He learned of the opportunity offered by the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_trade" title="Trans-Saharan trade">Saharan trade routes</a> that terminated there, and became fascinated with <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> in general; he was most intrigued by the Christian legend of <a href="/wiki/Prester_John" title="Prester John">Prester John</a> and the expansion of Portuguese trade. He is regarded as the patron of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Portuguese exploration</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry was the third surviving son of <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">King John I</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Lancaster" title="Philippa of Lancaster">Philippa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mariners_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mariners-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sister of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">King Henry IV of England</a>. He was baptized in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, and may have been born there, probably when the royal couple was living in the city's old <a href="/wiki/Mint_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint (coin)">mint</a>, now called <a href="/wiki/Casa_do_Infante" title="Casa do Infante">Casa do Infante</a> (Prince's House), or in the region nearby. Another possibility is that he was born at the Monastery of Leça do Balio, in <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_Le%C3%A7a_da_Palmeira" title="Fort of Leça da Palmeira">Leça da Palmeira</a>, during the same period of the royal couple's residence in the city of Porto.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradford,_1960_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradford,_1960-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_Portuguese_Empire_1342-1801.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Africa_Portuguese_Empire_1342-1801.png/261px-Africa_Portuguese_Empire_1342-1801.png" decoding="async" width="261" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Africa_Portuguese_Empire_1342-1801.png/392px-Africa_Portuguese_Empire_1342-1801.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Africa_Portuguese_Empire_1342-1801.png/522px-Africa_Portuguese_Empire_1342-1801.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese presence in Africa and Middle East - 1415 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> Henry was 21 when he, his father and brothers <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Ceuta">captured the Moorish port of Ceuta</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. Ceuta had long been a base for <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirate">Barbary pirates</a> who raided the Portuguese coast, depopulating villages by capturing their inhabitants to be sold in the <a href="/wiki/African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="African slave trade">African slave trade</a>. Following this success, Henry began to explore the coast of Africa, most of which was unknown to Europeans. His objectives included finding the source of the West African gold trade and the legendary Christian kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Prester_John" title="Prester John">Prester John</a>, and stopping the pirate attacks on the Portuguese coast.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Henry_of_Portugal,_Duke_of_Viseu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Henry_of_Portugal%2C_Duke_of_Viseu.svg/220px-Arms_of_Henry_of_Portugal%2C_Duke_of_Viseu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Henry_of_Portugal%2C_Duke_of_Viseu.svg/330px-Arms_of_Henry_of_Portugal%2C_Duke_of_Viseu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Henry_of_Portugal%2C_Duke_of_Viseu.svg/440px-Arms_of_Henry_of_Portugal%2C_Duke_of_Viseu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Prince Henry. </figcaption></figure><p>At that time, the cargo ships of the Mediterranean were too slow and heavy to undertake such voyages. Under Henry's direction, a new and much lighter ship was developed, the <a href="/wiki/Caravel" title="Caravel">caravel</a>, which could sail farther and faster.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Above all, it was highly maneuverable and could sail "<a href="/wiki/Sailing_into_the_wind" title="Sailing into the wind">into the wind</a>", making it largely independent of the prevailing winds. The caravel used the <a href="/wiki/Lateen_sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateen sail">lateen sail</a>, the prevailing rig in Christian Mediterranean navigation since late antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With this ship, Portuguese mariners freely explored uncharted waters around the Atlantic, from rivers and shallow waters to transoceanic voyages.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1419, Henry's father appointed him governor of the province of the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resources_and_income">Resources and income</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Resources and income"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 25, 1420, Henry gained appointment as the Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Christ (Portugal)">Military Order of Christ</a>, the Portuguese successor to the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, which had its headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Tomar" title="Tomar">Tomar</a> in central Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-Prestage_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prestage-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry held this position for the remainder of his life, and the Order was an important source of funds for Henry's ambitious plans, especially his persistent attempts to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, which the Portuguese had claimed to have discovered before the year 1346. </p><p>In 1425, his second brother the Infante <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Duke_of_Coimbra" title="Peter, Duke of Coimbra">Peter, Duke of Coimbra</a>, made a diplomatic tour of Europe, with an additional charge from Henry to seek out geographic material. Peter returned with a current world map from Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-Rush_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rush-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1431, Henry donated houses for the <i><a href="/wiki/Estudo_Geral" class="mw-redirect" title="Estudo Geral">Estudo Geral</a></i> to teach all the sciences—grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, music, and astronomy—in what would later become the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">University of Lisbon</a>. For other subjects like medicine or philosophy, he ordered that each room should be decorated according to the subject taught. </p><p>Henry also had other resources. When John I died in 1433, Henry's eldest brother <a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward of Portugal">Edward of Portugal</a> became king. He granted Henry all profits from trading within the areas he discovered as well as the sole right to authorize expeditions beyond <a href="/wiki/Cape_Bojador" title="Cape Bojador">Cape Bojador</a>. Henry also held a monopoly on tuna fishing in the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>. When Edward died eight years later, Henry supported his brother <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Duke_of_Coimbra" title="Peter, Duke of Coimbra">Peter, Duke of Coimbra</a> for the regency during the minority of Edward's son <a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V</a>, and in return received a confirmation of this levy. </p><p>Henry functioned as a primary organizer of the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1437)" title="Battle of Tangier (1437)">expedition to Tangier</a> in 1437 against Çala Ben Çala, which ended in Henry's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Saint_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand the Saint Prince">Ferdinand</a> being given as hostage to guarantee Portuguese promises in the peace agreement. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cortes" title="Portuguese Cortes">Portuguese Cortes</a> refused to return <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> as ransom for Ferdinand, who remained in captivity until his death six years later. Prince Regent Peter supported Portuguese maritime expansion in the Atlantic Ocean and Africa, and Henry promoted the colonization of the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> during Peter's regency (1439–1448). For most of the latter part of his life, Henry concentrated on his maritime activities and court politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradford,_1960_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradford,_1960-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vila_do_Infante_and_Portuguese_exploration">Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_(St._Vincent_Panels).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_%28St._Vincent_Panels%29.jpg/170px-Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_%28St._Vincent_Panels%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_%28St._Vincent_Panels%29.jpg/255px-Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_%28St._Vincent_Panels%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_%28St._Vincent_Panels%29.jpg/340px-Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_%28St._Vincent_Panels%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Portrait believed to be true likeness of Prince Henry. Detail from fifth panel of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_Panels" title="Saint Vincent Panels">polyptych of St. Vincent</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nuno_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Nuno Gonçalves">Nuno Gonçalves</a>, c. 1470.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Barros" title="João de Barros">João de Barros</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, Prince Henry the Navigator repopulated a village that he called <a href="/wiki/Sagres_(Vila_do_Bispo)" title="Sagres (Vila do Bispo)">Terçanabal</a> (from <i>terça nabal</i> or <i>tercena nabal</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This village was situated in a strategic position for his maritime enterprises and was later called Vila do Infante ("Estate or Town of the Prince"). </p><p>It is traditionally suggested that Henry gathered at his villa on the <a href="/wiki/Sagres_Point" title="Sagres Point">Sagres</a> peninsula a school of navigators and <a href="/wiki/Mapmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapmaking">map-makers</a>. However modern historians hold this to be a misconception. He did employ some cartographers to chart the coast of <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> after the voyages he sent there, but there was no center of navigation science or observatory in the modern sense of the word, nor was there an organized navigational center.<sup id="cite_ref-Randles_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Randles-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Referring to Sagres, sixteenth-century Portuguese mathematician and cosmographer <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nunes" title="Pedro Nunes">Pedro Nunes</a> remarked, "from it our sailors went out well taught and provided with instruments and rules which all map makers and navigators should know."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The view that Henry's court rapidly grew into the technological base for exploration, with a naval arsenal and an observatory, etc., although repeated in popular culture, has never been established.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry did possess geographical curiosity, and employed cartographers. <a href="/wiki/Jehuda_Cresques" title="Jehuda Cresques">Jehuda Cresques</a>, a noted <a href="/wiki/Cartographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartographer">cartographer</a>, has been said to have accepted an invitation to come to Portugal to make maps for the infante. Prestage makes the argument that the presence of the latter at the Prince's court "probably accounts for the legend of the School of Sagres, which is now discredited."<sup id="cite_ref-Prestage_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prestage-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Henry's_explorations"><span id="Henry.27s_explorations"></span>Henry's explorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Henry's explorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prince_Henry_the_Navigator" title="Special:EditPage/Prince Henry the Navigator">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Prince+Henry+the+Navigator%22">"Prince Henry the Navigator"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Prince+Henry+the+Navigator%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Prince+Henry+the+Navigator%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Prince+Henry+the+Navigator%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Prince+Henry+the+Navigator%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Prince+Henry+the+Navigator%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Henry sponsored voyages, collecting a 20% tax (<i>o quinto</i>) on profits, the usual practice in the Iberian states at the time. The nearby port of <a href="/wiki/Lagos,_Portugal" title="Lagos, Portugal">Lagos</a> provided a convenient home port for these expeditions. The voyages were made in very small ships, mostly the <a href="/wiki/Caravel" title="Caravel">caravel</a>, a light and maneuverable vessel equipped by <a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">lateen</a> sails. Most of the voyages sent out by Henry consisted of one or two ships that navigated by following the coast, stopping at night to tie up along some shore. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VoltaDoMar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VoltaDoMar.jpg/260px-VoltaDoMar.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VoltaDoMar.jpg/390px-VoltaDoMar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VoltaDoMar.jpg/520px-VoltaDoMar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Approximate routes of the Portuguese ships under Henry's command.</figcaption></figure> <p>During Prince Henry's time and after, the Portuguese navigators discovered and perfected the North Atlantic <i><a href="/wiki/Volta_do_mar" title="Volta do mar">volta do mar</a></i> (the "turn of the sea" or "return from the sea"): the dependable pattern of <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> blowing largely from the east near the equator and the returning <a href="/wiki/Westerlies" title="Westerlies">westerlies</a> in the mid-Atlantic. This was a major step in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_navigation" title="History of navigation">history of navigation</a>, when an understanding of <a href="/wiki/Winds_in_the_Age_of_Sail" title="Winds in the Age of Sail">oceanic wind patterns</a> was crucial to Atlantic navigation, from Africa and the open ocean to Europe, and enabled the main route between the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and Europe in the North Atlantic in future voyages of discovery. Although the lateen sail allowed <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail#Close-hauled" title="Point of sail">sailing upwind</a> to some extent, it was worth even major extensions of course to have a faster and calmer <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail#Running_downwind" title="Point of sail">following wind</a> for most of a journey. Portuguese mariners who sailed south and southwest towards the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> and West Africa would afterwards sail far to the northwest—that is, away from continental Portugal, and seemingly in the wrong direction—before turning northeast near the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> islands and finally east to Europe in order to have largely following winds for their full journey. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> used this on his transatlantic voyages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madeira">Madeira</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Madeira"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first explorations followed not long after the capture of Ceuta in 1415. Henry was interested in locating the source of the <a href="/wiki/Caravan_(travellers)" title="Caravan (travellers)">caravans</a> that brought gold to the city. During the reign of his father, John I, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves_Zarco" title="João Gonçalves Zarco">João Gonçalves Zarco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trist%C3%A3o_Vaz_Teixeira" title="Tristão Vaz Teixeira">Tristão Vaz Teixeira</a> were sent to explore along the African coast. Zarco, a knight in service to Prince Henry, had commanded the caravels guarding the coast of Algarve from the incursions of the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>. He had also been at Ceuta. </p><p>In 1418, Zarco and Teixeira were blown off-course by a storm while making the <i>volta do mar</i> westward swing to return to Portugal. They found shelter at an island they named <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Island" title="Porto Santo Island">Porto Santo</a>. Henry directed that Porto Santo be colonized. The move to claim the <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeiran</a> islands was probably a response to <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>'s efforts to claim the Canary Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1420, settlers then moved to the nearby island of <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Island" title="Madeira Island">Madeira</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Azores">The Azores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Azores"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A chart drawn by the <a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalan</a> cartographer, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_de_Vallseca" title="Gabriel de Vallseca">Gabriel de Vallseca</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a>, has been interpreted to indicate that the Azores were first discovered by <a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Silves" title="Diogo de Silves">Diogo de Silves</a> in 1427. In 1431, <a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Velho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonçalo Velho">Gonçalo Velho</a> was dispatched with orders to determine the location of "islands" first identified by de Silves. Velho apparently got as far as the <a href="/wiki/Formigas" title="Formigas">Formigas</a>, in the eastern archipelago, before having to return to Sagres, probably due to bad weather. </p><p>By this time the Portuguese navigators had also reached the <a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a> (western North Atlantic region), naming it after the <i><a href="/wiki/Sargassum" title="Sargassum">Sargassum</a></i> seaweed growing there (<i>sargaço</i> / <i>sargasso</i> in Portuguese).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_African_coast">West African coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: West African coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1424 <a href="/wiki/Cape_Bojador" title="Cape Bojador">Cape Bojador</a> was the most southerly point known to Europeans on the west coast of Africa. For centuries, superstitious seafarers held that beyond the cape lay sea monsters and the edge of the world. However, Prince Henry was determined to know the truth. He was persistent and sent 15 expeditions over a ten-year period to pass the dreaded Cape. Each returned unsuccessful. The captains gave various excuses for having failed. Finally, in 1434 <a href="/wiki/Gil_Eanes" title="Gil Eanes">Gil Eanes</a>, the commander of one of Henry's expeditions, became the first known European to pass Cape Bojador since <a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno</a> almost two millennium before. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:External_Statues,_Palm_House,_Sefton_Park_(7).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/External_Statues%2C_Palm_House%2C_Sefton_Park_%287%29.jpg/170px-External_Statues%2C_Palm_House%2C_Sefton_Park_%287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/External_Statues%2C_Palm_House%2C_Sefton_Park_%287%29.jpg/255px-External_Statues%2C_Palm_House%2C_Sefton_Park_%287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/External_Statues%2C_Palm_House%2C_Sefton_Park_%287%29.jpg/340px-External_Statues%2C_Palm_House%2C_Sefton_Park_%287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption><i>Henry the Navigator</i> bronze by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on-Joseph_Chavalliaud" title="Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud">Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud</a> (1899), outside the Palm House at <a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park" title="Sefton Park">Sefton Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> (appears similar to a sculpture of the beginning of the 16th century, in the <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a>, Lisbon, possibly close to a true likeness of Prince Henry)</figcaption></figure> <p>Using the new ship type, the expeditions then pushed onwards. <a href="/wiki/Nuno_Trist%C3%A3o" title="Nuno Tristão">Nuno Tristão</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Antão Gonçalves">Antão Gonçalves</a> reached <a href="/wiki/Ras_Nouadhibou" title="Ras Nouadhibou">Cape Blanco</a> in 1441. The Portuguese sighted the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Arguin" title="Bay of Arguin">Bay of Arguin</a> in 1443 and built an important "forte-feitoria" (a fort protecting a trading post) on the island of <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a> around the year 1448. <a href="/wiki/Dinis_Dias" title="Dinis Dias">Dinis Dias</a> soon came across the <a href="/wiki/Senegal_River" title="Senegal River">Senegal River</a> and rounded the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Cap-Vert" title="Cap-Vert">Cap-Vert</a> in 1444. By this stage the explorers had passed the southern boundary of the desert, and from then on Henry had one of his wishes fulfilled: the Portuguese had circumvented the Muslim land-based trade routes across the western <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Desert">Sahara Desert</a>, and slaves and gold began arriving in Portugal. This rerouting of trade devastated Algiers and Tunis, but made Portugal rich.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1452, the influx of gold permitted the minting of Portugal's first gold <i><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_real#Coins" title="Portuguese real">cruzado</a></i> coins. A cruzado was equal to 400 reis at the time. From 1444 to 1446, as many as forty vessels sailed from <a href="/wiki/Lagos,_Portugal" title="Lagos, Portugal">Lagos</a> on Henry's behalf, and the first private mercantile expeditions began. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto" title="Alvise Cadamosto">Alvise Cadamosto</a> explored the Atlantic coast of Africa and discovered several islands of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> archipelago between 1453 and 1456. In his first voyage, which started on 22 March 1455, he visited the Madeira Islands and the Canary Islands. On the second voyage, in 1456, Cadamosto became the first European to reach the Cape Verde Islands. <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Noli" class="mw-redirect" title="António Noli">António Noli</a> later claimed the credit. By 1462, the Portuguese had explored the coast of Africa as far as present-day <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>. Twenty-eight years later, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias" title="Bartolomeu Dias">Bartolomeu Dias</a> proved that Africa could be circumnavigated when he reached the southern tip of the continent, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>. In 1498, <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> became the first European sailor to reach India by sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_"Navigator"_nickname"><span id="Origin_of_the_.22Navigator.22_nickname"></span>Origin of the "Navigator" nickname</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Origin of the "Navigator" nickname"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HenryTomb-CCBY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/HenryTomb-CCBY.jpg/170px-HenryTomb-CCBY.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/HenryTomb-CCBY.jpg/255px-HenryTomb-CCBY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/HenryTomb-CCBY.jpg/340px-HenryTomb-CCBY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="3039" /></a><figcaption>Henry's tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Batalha" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastery of Batalha">Monastery of Batalha</a></figcaption></figure><p>No one used the nickname "Henry the Navigator" to refer to Prince Henry during his lifetime or in the following three centuries. The term was coined by two nineteenth-century German historians: <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%A4fer_(Historiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Heinrich Schäfer (Historiker)">Heinrich Schaefer</a> and Gustave de Veer. Later on it was made popular by two British authors who included it in the titles of their biographies of the prince: Henry Major in 1868 and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Beazley" title="Raymond Beazley">Raymond Beazley</a> in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-Randles_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Randles-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to his brothers, Prince Henry was not praised for his intellectual gifts by his contemporaries. It was only later chroniclers such as <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Barros" title="João de Barros">João de Barros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dami%C3%A3o_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Damião de Góis">Damião de Góis</a> who attributed him a scholarly character and an interest for <a href="/wiki/Cosmography" title="Cosmography">cosmography</a>. The myth of the "<a href="/wiki/Sagres_school" title="Sagres school">Sagres school</a>" allegedly founded by Prince Henry was created in the 18th century, mainly by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Purchas" title="Samuel Purchas">Samuel Purchas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Pr%C3%A9vost" title="Abbé Prévost">Abbé Prévost</a>. In nineteenth-century Portugal, the idealized vision of Prince Henry as a putative pioneer of exploration and science reached its apogee.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry is depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Monument_of_the_Discoveries" title="Monument of the Discoveries">Monument of the Discoveries</a> located in Lisbon, featured in the front of the monument.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, the Prince Henry Society in conjunction with the Portuguese government gifted <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_the_Navigator_Park" title="Prince Henry the Navigator Park">Prince Henry the Navigator Park</a> in New Bedford, Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Henry the Navigator</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal" title="Afonso IV of Portugal">Afonso IV of Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB-Peter_I_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-Peter_I-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Portugal" title="Peter I of Portugal">Peter I of Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB-John_I_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-John_I-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Castile_(1293%E2%80%931359)" title="Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359)">Beatrice of Castile</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB-Peter_I_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-Peter_I-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">John I of Portugal</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. Lourenço Martins<sup id="cite_ref-DeSousa1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeSousa1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Louren%C3%A7o" title="Teresa Lourenço">Teresa Lourenço</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB-John_I_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-John_I-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Sancha Martins<sup id="cite_ref-DeSousa1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeSousa1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Henry the Navigator</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster</a><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Lancaster" title="Philippa of Lancaster">Philippa of Lancaster</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster">Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster</a><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Lancaster" title="Blanche of Lancaster">Blanche of Lancaster</a><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Isabel_of_Beaumont" title="Isabel of Beaumont">Isabel of Beaumont</a><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The traditional image of the Prince presented in this page, and coming from the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_Panels" title="Saint Vincent Panels">Saint Vincent Panels</a>, is still under dispute.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivana Elbl, "Man of His Time (and Peers): A New Look at Henry the Navigator." <i>Luso-Brazilian Review</i> 28.2 (1991): 73–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mariners-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mariners_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407085820/http://ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php?type=explorer&id=33">"Prince Henry the Navigator"</a>. The Mariners' Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php?type=explorer&id=33">the original</a> on 7 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prince+Henry+the+Navigator&rft.pub=The+Mariners%27+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fageofex.marinersmuseum.org%2Findex.php%3Ftype%3Dexplorer%26id%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bradford,_1960-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bradford,_1960_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradford,_1960_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradford, 1960.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPage2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Page, Martin (27 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6M1oiNQipRQC&pg=PT4"><i>A Primeira Aldeia Global</i></a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Leya. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-989-555-590-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-989-555-590-1"><bdi>978-989-555-590-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Primeira+Aldeia+Global&rft.pub=Leya&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft.isbn=978-989-555-590-1&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6M1oiNQipRQC%26pg%3DPT4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerson1990" class="citation book cs1">Merson, John (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers"><i>The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World</i></a></span>. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers/page/72">72</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87951-397-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87951-397-9"><bdi>978-0-87951-397-9</bdi></a>– A companion to the PBS Series <i>The Genius That Was China</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genius+That+Was+China%3A+East+and+West+in+the+Making+of+the+Modern+World&rft.place=Woodstock%2C+New+York&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=The+Overlook+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87951-397-9&rft.aulast=Merson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeniusthatwaschi0000mers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastroFonsecaVacasCiciliot2008">Castro et al. 2008</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoorstin1985" class="citation book cs1">Boorstin, Daniel (1985). <i>The Discoverers: A History of Man's Search to Know His World and Himself</i>. 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New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 23 May 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rush-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rush_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/Articles_2014/Henry_Navigator.pdf">"Rush, Timothy. "Prince Henry the Navigator and the Apollo Project that Launched Columbus", <i>21st Century</i>, summer, 1992"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rush%2C+Timothy.+%22Prince+Henry+the+Navigator+and+the+Apollo+Project+that+Launched+Columbus%22%2C+21st+Century%2C+summer%2C+1992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.21stcenturysciencetech.com%2FArticles_2014%2FHenry_Navigator.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBRANCO2022" class="citation journal cs1">BRANCO, FERNANDO (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/75617769">"HENRY THE NAVIGATOR AND THE ST. VINCENT PANELS"</a>. <i>TRIPLO V, CLEPUL Univ. 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"The alleged nautical school founded in the fifteenth century at Sagres by Prince Henry of Portugal called the 'Navigator'". <i>Imago Mundi</i>, vol. 45 (1993), pp. 20–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark, Hans. "Henry the Navigator and the Early Days of Exploration", American Association for the Advancement of Science, Annual meeting, February 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Marques" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marques, Alfredo Pinheiro (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B2xiUdRpMxk6YW5fMzNTTFlJYUE"><i>Os Descobrimentos e o 'Atlas Miller'<span></span></i></a> (in Portuguese). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Bedford+Area+Visitor+Guide+-+Prince+Henry+the+Navigator+Statue&rft.date=2007-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rixsan.com%2Fnbvisit%2Fattract%2Fprhenry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-John_I-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB-John_I_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB-John_I_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/304662">John I, King of Portugal</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armitage-Smith-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage-Smith_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmitage-Smith1905" class="citation book cs1">Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aUutJGyx5EEC&pg=PA21"><i>John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+of+Gaunt%3A+King+of+Castile+and+Leon%2C+Duke+of+Aquitaine+and+Lancaster%2C+Earl+of+Derby%2C+Lincoln%2C+and+Leicester%2C+Seneschal+of+England&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Armitage-Smith&rft.aufirst=Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaUutJGyx5EEC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-Peter_I-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB-Peter_I_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB-Peter_I_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/453638">Peter I, King of Portugal</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeSousa1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeSousa1_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeSousa1_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Sousa1735" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historiagenealog02sous#page/4/mode/2up"><i>Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza</i></a> [<i>Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal</i>] (in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Lisboa Occidental. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+genealogica+da+casa+real+portugueza&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Lisboa+Occidental&rft.date=1735&rft.aulast=de+Sousa&rft.aufirst=Antonio+Caetano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhistoriagenealog02sous%23page%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_the_Navigator&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henry_the_Navigator" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Prince Henry the Navigator</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=57888930&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=57888930">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=57888930&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Prince_Henry_the_Navigator" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Prince Henry the Navigator">Prince Henry the Navigator</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prince+Henry+the+Navigator&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ariganello, Lisa. <i>Henry the Navigator : prince of Portuguese exploration</i> (2007); for elementary schools. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henrynavigatorpr0000arig">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeazley1894" class="citation book cs1">Beazley, C. Raymond (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/princehenrythena18757gut"><i>Prince Henry the Navigator, the Hero of Portugal and of Modern Discovery, 1394–1460 A.D.: With an Account of Geographical Progress Throughout the Middle Ages As the Preparation for His Work</i></a>. London: G.P. Putnam's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+Henry+the+Navigator%2C+the+Hero+of+Portugal+and+of+Modern+Discovery%2C+1394%E2%80%931460+A.D.%3A+With+an+Account+of+Geographical+Progress+Throughout+the+Middle+Ages+As+the+Preparation+for+His+Work&rft.place=London&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=C.+Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprincehenrythena18757gut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeazley1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Raymond_Beazley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Raymond Beazley">Beazley, Charles Raymond</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Henry of Portugal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Henry_of_Portugal">"Henry of Portugal" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–297.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Henry+of+Portugal&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=296-297&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=Charles+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoxer1991" class="citation book cs1">Boxer, Charles (1991). <i>The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415–1825</i> (2nd rev. ed.). Carcanet Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85635-962-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85635-962-0"><bdi>978-0-85635-962-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+Seaborne+Empire%2C+1415%E2%80%931825&rft.edition=2nd+rev.&rft.pub=Carcanet+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-85635-962-0&rft.aulast=Boxer&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernle_Bradford" title="Ernle Bradford">Bradford, Ernle</a>. <i>A Wind from the North: The Life of Henry the Navigator</i> (1960) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/windfromnorthth00brad">online</a> or <i>Southward the Caravels: The Story of Henry the Navigator</i> (UK edition, 1961)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastroFonsecaVacasCiciliot2008" class="citation cs2">Castro, F.; Fonseca, N.; Vacas, T.; Ciciliot, F. (2008), "A Quantitative Look at Mediterranean Lateen- and Square-Rigged Ships (Part 1)", <i>The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology</i>, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 347–359, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008IJNAr..37..347C">2008IJNAr..37..347C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-9270.2008.00183.x">10.1111/j.1095-9270.2008.00183.x</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45072686">45072686</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Nautical+Archaeology&rft.atitle=A+Quantitative+Look+at+Mediterranean+Lateen-+and+Square-Rigged+Ships+%28Part+1%29&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=347-359&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45072686%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-9270.2008.00183.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008IJNAr..37..347C&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Fonseca%2C+N.&rft.au=Vacas%2C+T.&rft.au=Ciciliot%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiffie,_BaileyGeorge_D._Winius1977" class="citation book cs1">Diffie, Bailey; George D. Winius (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZtMBLJ7GgC"><i>Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415–1580</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-0782-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-0782-2"><bdi>978-0-8166-0782-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+the+Portuguese+empire%2C+1415%E2%80%931580&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-0782-2&rft.au=Diffie%2C+Bailey&rft.au=George+D.+Winius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvtZtMBLJ7GgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Elbl, Ivana. "Man of His Time (and Peers): A New Look at Henry the Navigator." <i>Luso-Brazilian Review</i> 28.2 (1991): 73–89. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3513431">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández-Armesto1987" class="citation book cs1">Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAFzrIOrP6MC"><i>Before Columbus: Exploration and Colonisation from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, 1229–1492</i></a>. London: MacMillan Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-40383-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-40383-9"><bdi>978-0-333-40383-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+Columbus%3A+Exploration+and+Colonisation+from+the+Mediterranean+to+the+Atlantic%2C+1229%E2%80%931492&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MacMillan+Education&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-333-40383-9&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Armesto&rft.aufirst=Felipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYAFzrIOrP6MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor1877" class="citation book cs1">Major, Richard Henry (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VrkEAAAAMAAJ"><i>The discoveries of Prince Henry, the Navigator, and their results</i></a>. London: Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/84044057">84044057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+discoveries+of+Prince+Henry%2C+the+Navigator%2C+and+their+results&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sampson%2C+Low%2C+Marston%2C+Searle+and+Rivington&rft.date=1877&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F84044057&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Richard+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVrkEAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartins1914" class="citation book cs1">Martins, J.P. Oliveira (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldenageofprinc00martuoft"><i>The golden age of Prince Henry the Navigator</i></a>. London: Chapman and Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+golden+age+of+Prince+Henry+the+Navigator&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Martins&rft.aufirst=J.P.+Oliveira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldenageofprinc00martuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2000" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Peter E. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J2pr2Wg24MsC"><i>Prince Henry "the Navigator": a life</i></a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08233-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08233-3"><bdi>978-0-300-08233-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42708239">42708239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+Henry+%22the+Navigator%22%3A+a+life&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42708239&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08233-3&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Peter+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ2pr2Wg24MsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZurara,_Gomes_Eanes_de,_trans._Edgar_Prestage1896" class="citation book cs1">Zurara, Gomes Eanes de, trans. Edgar Prestage (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3m9zdZ00NsC"><i>Chronica do Descobrimento e Conquista da Guiné, vol. 1 (The chronicle of discovery and conquest of Guinea)</i></a>. Hakluyt Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronica+do+Descobrimento+e+Conquista+da+Guin%C3%A9%2C+vol.+1+%28The+chronicle+of+discovery+and+conquest+of+Guinea%29&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1896&rft.au=Zurara%2C+Gomes+Eanes+de%2C+trans.+Edgar+Prestage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ3m9zdZ00NsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZurara,_Gomes_Eanes_de,_trans._Edgar_Prestage1896" class="citation book cs1">Zurara, Gomes Eanes de, trans. Edgar Prestage (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qeEOAAAAYAAJ"><i>Chronica do Descobrimento e Conquista da Guiné, vol. 2</i></a>. Printed for the Hakluyt Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronica+do+Descobrimento+e+Conquista+da+Guin%C3%A9%2C+vol.+2&rft.pub=Printed+for+the+Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1896&rft.au=Zurara%2C+Gomes+Eanes+de%2C+trans.+Edgar+Prestage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqeEOAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Henry+the+Navigator" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Henry the Navigator</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">House of Aviz</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_House_of_Burgundy" title="Portuguese House of Burgundy">House of Burgundy</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 4 March 1394</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 13 November 1460</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Portuguese royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Viseu" title="Duke of Viseu">Duke of Viseu</a> </b><br />1415–1460 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu">Ferdinand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuno_Rodrigues_(Master_of_the_Order_of_Christ)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuno Rodrigues (Master of the Order of Christ) (page does not exist)">Nuno Rodrigues</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Christ (Portugal)">Grand Master of the Order of Christ</a> </b><br />1420–1460 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu">Ferdinand</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The generations indicate descent from <a href="/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal" title="Afonso I of Portugal">Afonso I</a>, and continues through the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">House of Aviz</a>, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> through <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Portugal">Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Braganza" title="House of Braganza">House of Braganza</a> through <a href="/wiki/Catarina_of_Portugal,_Duchess_of_Braganza" title="Catarina of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza">Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Portugal" title="Sancho I of Portugal">Sancho I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_II_of_Portugal" title="Afonso II of Portugal">Afonso II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I,_Count_of_Urgell" title="Peter I, Count of Urgell">Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Ferdinand, Count of Flanders">Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Portugal" title="Sancho II of Portugal">Sancho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_III_of_Portugal" title="Afonso III of Portugal">Afonso III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando,_Lord_of_Serpa" title="Fernando, Lord of Serpa">Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">Dinis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_of_Portugal,_Lord_of_Portalegre" title="Afonso of Portugal, Lord of Portalegre">Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal" title="Afonso IV of Portugal">Afonso IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_of_Portugal,_Lord_of_Leiria" title="Afonso of Portugal, Lord of Leiria">Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Portugal" title="Peter I of Portugal">Pedro I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Portugal" title="Ferdinand I of Portugal">Fernando I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Valencia_de_Campos" title="John, Duke of Valencia de Campos">Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis,_Lord_of_Cifuentes" title="Denis, Lord of Cifuentes">Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward,_King_of_Portugal" title="Edward, King of Portugal">Duarte I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_Duke_of_Coimbra" title="Peter, Duke of Coimbra">Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Constable_of_Portugal" title="John, Constable of Portugal">Infante João, Constable of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Holy_Prince" title="Ferdinand the Holy Prince">Infante Fernando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu">Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_Constable_of_Portugal" title="Peter, Constable of Portugal">Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Coimbra,_Prince_of_Antioch" title="John of Coimbra, Prince of Antioch">Infante João, Prince of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_of_Portugal" title="James of Portugal">Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo,_Constable_of_Portugal" title="Diogo, Constable of Portugal">Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Portugal_(1451)" title="John, Hereditary Prince of Portugal (1451)">João, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Portugal" title="John II of Portugal">João II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="João, Duke of Viseu">Infante João, Duke of Viseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="Diogo, Duke of Viseu">Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Portugal" title="Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal">Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_da_Paz,_Prince_of_Portugal" title="Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal">Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Portugal" title="John III of Portugal">João III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_of_Portugal,_Duke_of_Beja" title="Luís of Portugal, Duke of Beja">Infante Luís, Duke of Beja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Guarda" title="Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Guarda">Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Afonso_of_Portugal" title="Cardinal-Infante Afonso of Portugal">Cardinal-Infante Afonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry,_King_of_Portugal" title="Henry, King of Portugal">Henrique I (The Cardinal-King)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte,_Duke_of_Guimar%C3%A3es_(1515%E2%80%931540)" title="Duarte, Duke of Guimarães (1515–1540)">Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Portugal_(1526)" title="Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal (1526)">Afonso, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Portugal_(1531%E2%80%931537)" title="Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal (1531–1537)">Manuel, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Portugal" title="Philip, Hereditary Prince of Portugal">Filipe, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Manuel,_Prince_of_Portugal" title="João Manuel, Prince of Portugal">João Manuel, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte,_Duke_of_Guimar%C3%A3es_(1541%E2%80%931576)" title="Duarte, Duke of Guimarães (1541–1576)">Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian,_King_of_Portugal" title="Sebastian, King of Portugal">Sebastião I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Diego, Prince of Asturias">Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Filipe II</a>§</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manuel,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Portugal" title="Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal">Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal</a></i>ƒ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Filipe III</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Spain_(1607%E2%80%931632)" title="Infante Carlos of Spain (1607–1632)">Infante Carlos</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria">Cardinal-Infante Fernando</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alonso of Spain">Infante Alonso</a>§</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias">Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teod%C3%B3sio,_Prince_of_Brazil" title="Teodósio, Prince of Brazil">Teodósio, Prince of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_VI_of_Portugal" title="Afonso VI of Portugal">Afonso VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Portugal" title="Peter II of Portugal">Pedro II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o,_Prince_of_Brazil" title="João, Prince of Brazil">João, Prince of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Portugal" title="John V of Portugal">João V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco,_Duke_of_Beja" title="Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja">Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Ant%C3%B3nio_of_Portugal" title="Infante António of Portugal">Infante António</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Manuel,_Count_of_Our%C3%A9m" title="Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém">Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro,_Prince_of_Brazil" title="Pedro, Prince of Brazil">Pedro, Prince of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal" title="Joseph I of Portugal">José I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Portugal" title="Infante Carlos of Portugal">Infante Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Portugal" title="Peter III of Portugal">Pedro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alexandre_of_Portugal" title="Infante Alexandre of Portugal">Infante Alexandre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9,_Prince_of_Brazil" title="José, Prince of Brazil">José, Prince of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">João VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ant%C3%B3nio,_Prince_of_Beira" title="Francisco António, Prince of Beira">Francisco António, Prince of Beira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_I_of_Portugal" title="Miguel I of Portugal">Miguel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Pedro_Carlos_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal">Infante Pedro Carlos</a>#</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Carlos,_Prince_of_Beira" title="João Carlos, Prince of Beira">João Carlos, Prince of Beira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II of Brazil</a>‡</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Miguel,_Duke_of_Braganza" title="Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza">Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza</a></i>ƒ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Sebasti%C3%A3o_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Infante Sebastião of Spain and Portugal">Infante Sebastião</a>#</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">22nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_V_of_Portugal" title="Pedro V of Portugal">Pedro V</a>¶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">Luís I</a>¶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jo%C3%A3o,_Duke_of_Beja" title="Infante João, Duke of Beja">Infante João, Duke of Beja</a>¶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Fernando_of_Portugal" title="Infante Fernando of Portugal">Infante Fernando</a>¶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Augusto,_Duke_of_Coimbra" title="Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra">Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra</a>¶</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Miguel,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="Prince Miguel, Duke of Viseu">Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseu</a></i>ƒ◙</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Francis_Joseph_of_Braganza" title="Prince Francis Joseph of Braganza">Infante Francisco José</a></i>ƒ◙</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Nuno,_Duke_of_Braganza" title="Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza">Infante Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza</a></i>ƒ◙</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">23rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">Carlos I</a>¶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Duke_of_Porto" title="Afonso, Duke of Porto">Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto</a>¶</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pio,_Duke_of_Braganza" title="Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza">Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza</a></i>ƒ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">24th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Filipe,_Prince_Royal_of_Portugal" title="Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal">Luís Filipe, Prince Royal</a>¶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Portugal" title="Manuel II of Portugal">Manuel II</a>¶</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Prince_of_Beira" title="Afonso, Prince of Beira">Afonso, Prince of Beira</a></i>ƒ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples</i>,<span class="nowrap">  </span>§ <i>also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria</i>,<span class="nowrap">  </span># <i>also an infante of Spain</i>,<span class="nowrap">  </span>‡ <i>also an imperial prince of Brazil</i>,<span class="nowrap">  </span>¶ <i>also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony</i>,<span class="nowrap">  </span>◙ <i>also a prince of Braganza</i>,<span class="nowrap">  </span>¤ <i>title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic</i>,<span class="nowrap">  </span>ƒ <i>claimant infante</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_of_Aviz" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Aviz" title="Template:House of Aviz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Aviz" title="Template talk:House of Aviz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Aviz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Aviz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_of_Aviz" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">House of Aviz</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="João_I_(1385–1433)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">João I</a> (1385–1433)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Lancaster" title="Philippa of Lancaster">Philippa of Lancaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward,_King_of_Portugal" title="Edward, King of Portugal">Duarte I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_Duke_of_Coimbra" title="Peter, Duke of Coimbra">Peter, Duke of Coimbra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal,_Duchess_of_Burgundy" title="Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy">Isabella, Duchess of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Constable_of_Portugal" title="John, Constable of Portugal">John, Constable of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Holy_Prince" title="Ferdinand the Holy Prince">Ferdinand the Holy Prince</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Aviz_(transparent).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/House_of_Aviz_%28transparent%29.png/165px-House_of_Aviz_%28transparent%29.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/House_of_Aviz_%28transparent%29.png/248px-House_of_Aviz_%28transparent%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/House_of_Aviz_%28transparent%29.png/330px-House_of_Aviz_%28transparent%29.png 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Duarte_I_(1433–1438)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward of Portugal">Duarte I</a> (1433–1438)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal">Eleanor of Aragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu">Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Portugal,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress">Eleanor, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Portugal_(nun)" title="Catherine of Portugal (nun)">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Portugal" title="Joan of Portugal">Joan, Queen of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Afonso_V_(1438–1481)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V</a> (1438–1481)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_of_Coimbra" title="Isabel of Coimbra">Isabel of Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_la_Beltraneja" title="Joanna la Beltraneja">Joanna la Beltraneja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Portugal_(1451)" class="mw-redirect" title="John, Prince of Portugal (1451)">John, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Joanna, Princess of Portugal">Joanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Portugal" title="John II of Portugal">João II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="João_II_(1481–1495)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Portugal" title="John II of Portugal">João II</a> (1481–1495)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Viseu" title="Eleanor of Viseu">Eleanor of Viseu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Prince_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Afonso, Prince of Portugal">Afonso, Prince of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Manuel_I_(1495–1521)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I</a> (1495–1521)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal">Isabella of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal">Maria of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_da_Paz,_Prince_of_Portugal" title="Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal">Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Portugal" title="John III of Portugal">João III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Portugal">Isabella, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Portugal,_Duchess_of_Savoy" title="Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy">Beatrice, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_of_Portugal,_Duke_of_Beja" title="Luís of Portugal, Duke of Beja">Louis, Duke of Beja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Portugal,_Duke_of_Guarda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand of Portugal, Duke of Guarda">Ferdinand, Duke of Guarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Afonso_of_Portugal" title="Cardinal-Infante Afonso of Portugal">Cardinal-Infante Afonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry,_King_of_Portugal" title="Henry, King of Portugal">Henrique I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_of_Portugal,_4th_Duke_of_Guimar%C3%A3es" class="mw-redirect" title="Duarte of Portugal, 4th Duke of Guimarães">Edward, Duke of Guimarães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Portugal,_Duchess_of_Viseu" title="Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu">Maria, Duchess of Viseu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="João_III_(1521–1557)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Portugal" title="John III of Portugal">João III</a> (1521–1557)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal">Catherine of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Prince_of_Portugal_(1526)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afonso, Prince of Portugal (1526)">Afonso, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Manuela,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal">Maria Manuela, Princess of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel,_Prince_of_Portugal_(1531%E2%80%931537)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel, Prince of Portugal (1531–1537)">Manuel, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Prince_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip, Prince of Portugal">Filipe, Prince of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Manuel,_Prince_of_Portugal" title="João Manuel, Prince of Portugal">João Manuel, Prince of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sebastião_I_(1557–1578)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian of Portugal">Sebastião I</a> (1557–1578)</div></th></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henrique_I_(1578–1580)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry,_King_of_Portugal" title="Henry, King of Portugal">Henrique I</a> (1578–1580)</div></th></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller;"><div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>The House of Aviz is a cadet branch of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_House_of_Burgundy" title="Portuguese House of Burgundy">House of Burgundy</a> and was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Dynasty">House of Habsburg</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182897#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121346367">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57888930">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/36839/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv4pQtGwKxrrMprCxyWXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118548247">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79061324">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11987029x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11987029x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620811">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49682300">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2018979334&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000012634&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1170430">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/198110">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p075164418">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/17685">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000335146&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000378612">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=147871">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjkh5n05hj66r">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810631104605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/33063">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007285217305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512314906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14706794">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1493815">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118548247.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118548247">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027934489">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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