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thresholds</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: thresholds"> <meta name="keywords" content="thresholds"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="thresholds"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 170</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: thresholds</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Characterizing Multivariate Thresholds in Industrial Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20E.%20Abbas">Ali E. Abbas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper highlights some of the normative issues that might result by setting independent thresholds in risk analyses and particularly with safety regions. A second objective is to explain how such regions can be specified appropriately in a meaningful way. We start with a review of the importance of setting deterministic trade-offs among target requirements. We then show how to determine safety regions for risk analysis appropriately using utility functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20analysis" title="decision analysis">decision analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholds" title=" thresholds"> thresholds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50989/characterizing-multivariate-thresholds-in-industrial-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Optimized Passive Heating for Multifamily Dwellings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Bostick">Joseph Bostick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A method of decreasing the heating load of HVAC systems in a single-dwelling model of a multifamily building, by controlling movable insulation through the optimization of flux, time, surface incident solar radiation, and temperature thresholds. Simulations are completed using a co-simulation between EnergyPlus and MATLAB as an optimization tool to find optimal control thresholds. Optimization of the control thresholds leads to a significant decrease in total heating energy expenditure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20plus" title="energy plus">energy plus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142684/optimized-passive-heating-for-multifamily-dwellings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Visualization of Quantitative Thresholds in Stocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddhant%20Sahu">Siddhant Sahu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20James%20Daniel%20Paul"> P. James Daniel Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technical analysis comprised by various technical indicators is a holistic way of representing price movement of stocks in the market. Various forms of indicators have evolved from the primitive ones in the past decades. There have been many attempts to introduce volume as a major determinant to determine strong patterns in market forecasting. The law of demand defines the relationship between the volume and price. Most of the traders are familiar with the volume game. Including the time dimension to the law of demand provides a different visualization to the theory. While attempting the same, it was found that there are different thresholds in the market for different companies. These thresholds have a significant influence on the price. This article is an attempt in determining the thresholds for companies using the three dimensional graphs for optimizing the portfolios. It also emphasizes on the magnitude of importance of volumes as a key factor for determining of predicting strong price movements, bullish and bearish markets. It uses a comprehensive data set of major companies which form a major chunk of the Indian automotive sector and are thus used as an illustration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20analysis" title="technical analysis">technical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20system" title=" expert system"> expert system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20of%20demand" title=" law of demand"> law of demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stocks" title=" stocks"> stocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20analysis" title=" portfolio analysis"> portfolio analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20automotive%20sector" title=" Indian automotive sector"> Indian automotive sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6542/visualization-of-quantitative-thresholds-in-stocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Assessment of the Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Nociceptive Thresholds for Stimulation and Pain Measurements at the Bovine Hind Limb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Yavari">Samaneh Yavari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christiane%20Pferrer"> Christiane Pferrer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20Engelke"> Elisabeth Engelke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Starke"> Alexander Starke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Rehage"> Juergen Rehage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Three nociceptive thresholds of thermal, electrical, and mechanical thresholds commonly use to evaluate the local anesthesia in many species, for instance, cow, horse, cat, dog, rabbit, and so on. Due to the lack of investigations to evaluate and/or validate such those nociceptive thresholds, our plan was the comparison of two-foot local anesthesia methods of Intravenous Regional Anesthesia (IVRA) and our modified four-point Nerve Block Anesthesia (NBA). Materials and Methods: Eight healthy nonpregnant nondairy Holstein Frisian cows in a cross-over study design were selected for this study. All cows divided into two different groups to receive two local anesthesia techniques of IVRA and our modified four-point NBA. Three thermal, electrical, and mechanical force and pinpricks were applied to evaluate the quality of local anesthesia methods before and after local anesthesia application. Results: The statistical evaluation demonstrated that our four-point NBA has a qualification to select as a standard foot local anesthesia. However, the recorded results of our study revealed no significant difference between two groups of local anesthesia techniques of IVRA and modified four-point NBA related to quality and duration of anesthesia stimulated by electrical, mechanical and thermal nociceptive stimuli. Conclusion and discussion: All three nociceptive threshold stimuli of electrical, mechanical and heat nociceptive thresholds can be applied to measure and evaluate the efficacy of foot local anesthesia of dairy cows. However, our study revealed no superiority of those three nociceptive methods to evaluate the duration and quality of bovine foot local anesthesia methods. Veterinarians to investigate the duration and quality of their selected anesthesia method can use any of those heat, mechanical, and electrical methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical" title="mechanical">mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20threshold" title=" electrical threshold"> electrical threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IVRA" title=" IVRA"> IVRA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NBA" title=" NBA"> NBA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hind%20limb" title=" hind limb"> hind limb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cow" title=" dairy cow"> dairy cow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88289/assessment-of-the-electrical-mechanical-and-thermal-nociceptive-thresholds-for-stimulation-and-pain-measurements-at-the-bovine-hind-limb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> From Responses of Macroinvertebrate Metrics to the Definition of Reference Thresholds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houny%C3%A8m%C3%A8%20Romuald">Hounyèmè Romuald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mama%20Daouda"> Mama Daouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argillier%20Christine"> Argillier Christine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study focused on the use of benthic macrofauna to define the reference state of an anthropized lagoon (Nokoué-Benin) from the responses of relevant metrics to proxies. The approach used is a combination of a joint species distribution model and Bayesian networks. The joint species distribution model was used to select the relevant metrics and generate posterior probabilities that were then converted into posterior response probabilities for each of the quality classes (pressure levels), which will constitute the conditional probability tables allowing the establishment of the probabilistic graph representing the different causal relationships between metrics and pressure proxies. For the definition of the reference thresholds, the predicted responses for low-pressure levels were read via probability density diagrams. Observations collected during high and low water periods spanning 03 consecutive years (2004-2006), sampling 33 macroinvertebrate taxa present at all seasons and sampling points, and measurements of 14 environmental parameters were used as application data. The study demonstrated reliable inferences, selection of 07 relevant metrics and definition of quality thresholds for each environmental parameter. The relevance of the metrics as well as the reference thresholds for ecological assessment despite the small sample size, suggests the potential for wider applicability of the approach for aquatic ecosystem monitoring and assessment programs in developing countries generally characterized by a lack of monitoring data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20proxies" title="pressure proxies">pressure proxies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bayesian%20inference" title=" bayesian inference"> bayesian inference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioindicators" title=" bioindicators"> bioindicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acadjas" title=" acadjas"> acadjas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20traits" title=" functional traits"> functional traits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159732/from-responses-of-macroinvertebrate-metrics-to-the-definition-of-reference-thresholds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Human Vibrotactile Discrimination Thresholds for Simultaneous and Sequential Stimuli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Maj">Joanna Maj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Body machine interfaces (BMIs) afford users a non-invasive way coordinate movement. Vibrotactile stimulation has been incorporated into BMIs to allow feedback in real-time and guide movement control to benefit patients with cognitive deficits, such as stroke survivors. To advance research in this area, we examined vibrational discrimination thresholds at four body locations to determine suitable application sites for future multi-channel BMIs using vibration cues to guide movement planning and control. Twelve healthy adults had a pair of small vibrators (tactors) affixed to the skin at each location: forearm, shoulders, torso, and knee. A "standard" stimulus (186 Hz; 750 ms) and "probe" stimuli (11 levels ranging from 100 Hz to 235 Hz; 750 ms) were delivered. Probe and test stimulus pairs could occur sequentially or simultaneously (timing). Participants verbally indicated which stimulus felt more intense. Stimulus order was counterbalanced across tactors and body locations. Probabilities that probe stimuli felt more intense than the standard stimulus were computed and fit with a cumulative Gaussian function; the discrimination threshold was defined as one standard deviation of the underlying distribution. Threshold magnitudes depended on stimulus timing and location. Discrimination thresholds were better for stimuli applied sequentially vs. simultaneously at the torso as well as the knee. Thresholds were small (better) and relatively insensitive to timing differences for vibrations applied at the shoulder. BMI applications requiring multiple channels of simultaneous vibrotactile stimulation should therefore consider the shoulder as a deployment site for a vibrotactile BMI interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyogram" title=" electromyogram"> electromyogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromuscular%20disorders" title=" neuromuscular disorders"> neuromuscular disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20instrumentation" title=" biomedical instrumentation"> biomedical instrumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controls%20engineering" title=" controls engineering"> controls engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156951/human-vibrotactile-discrimination-thresholds-for-simultaneous-and-sequential-stimuli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> A Probabilistic View of the Spatial Pooler in Hierarchical Temporal Memory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mackenzie%20Leake">Mackenzie Leake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyu%20Xia"> Liyu Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamil%20Rocki"> Kamil Rocki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wayne%20Imaino"> Wayne Imaino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) paradigm the effect of overlap between inputs on the activation of columns in the spatial pooler is studied. Numerical results suggest that similar inputs are represented by similar sets of columns and dissimilar inputs are represented by dissimilar sets of columns. It is shown that the spatial pooler produces these results under certain conditions for the connectivity and proximal thresholds. Following the discussion of the initialization of parameters for the thresholds, corresponding qualitative arguments about the learning dynamics of the spatial pooler are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20temporal%20memory" title="hierarchical temporal memory">hierarchical temporal memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HTM" title=" HTM"> HTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20algorithms" title=" learning algorithms"> learning algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20pooler" title=" spatial pooler"> spatial pooler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29210/a-probabilistic-view-of-the-spatial-pooler-in-hierarchical-temporal-memory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> A Simple Olfactometer for Odour and Lateralization Thresholds of Chemical Vapours</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lena%20Ernstg%C3%A5rd">Lena Ernstgård</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aishwarya%20M.%20Dwivedi"> Aishwarya M. Dwivedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Lundstr%C3%B6m"> Johan Lundström</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunnar%20Johanson"> Gunnar Johanson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple inexpensive olfactometer was constructed to enable valid measures of detection threshold of low concentrations of vapours of chemicals. The delivery system consists of seven syringe pumps, each connected to a Tedlar bag containing a predefined concentration of the test chemical in the air. The seven pumps are connected to a 8-way mixing valve which in turn connects to a birhinal nose piece. Chemical vapor of known concentration is generated by injection of an appropriate amount of the test chemical into a Tedlar bag with a known volume of clean air. Complete vaporization is assured by gentle heating of the bag from the outside with a heat flow. The six test concentrations are obtained by adding different volumes from the starting bag to six new Tedlar bags with known volumes of clean air. One bag contains clean air only. Thus, six different test concentrations and clean air can easily be tested in series by shifting the valve to new positions. Initial in-line measurement with a photoionization detector showed that the delivery system quickly responded to a shift in valve position. Thus 90% of the desired concentration was reached within 15 seconds. The concentrations in the bags are verified daily by gas chromatography. The stability of the system in terms of chemical concentration is monitored in real time by means of a photo-ionization detector. To determine lateralization thresholds, an additional pump supplying clean air is added to the delivery system in a way so that the nostrils can be separately and interchangeably be exposed to clean air and test chemical. Odor and lateralization thresholds were determined for three aldehydes; acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and hexanal in 20 healthy naïve individuals. Aldehydes generally have a strong odour, and the selected aldehydes are also considered to be irritating to mucous membranes. The median odor thresholds of the three aldehydes were 0.017, 0.0008, and 0.097 ppm, respectively. No lateralization threshold could be identified for acrolein, whereas the medians for crotonaldehyde and hexanal were 0.003 and 0.39 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, we constructed a simple, inexpensive olfactometer that allows for stable and easily measurable concentrations of vapors of the test chemical. Our test with aldehydes demonstrates that the system produces valid detection among volunteers in terms of odour and lateralization thresholds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title="irritation">irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odour%20delivery" title=" odour delivery"> odour delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olfactometer" title=" olfactometer"> olfactometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smell" title=" smell"> smell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58564/a-simple-olfactometer-for-odour-and-lateralization-thresholds-of-chemical-vapours" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Temporal Characteristics of Human Perception to Significant Variation of Block Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Cheng%20Liu">Kuo-Cheng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the latest research efforts, the structures of the image in the spatial domain have been successfully analyzed and proved to deduce the visual masking for accurately estimating the visibility thresholds of the image. If the structural properties of the video sequence in the temporal domain are taken into account to estimate the temporal masking, the improvement and enhancement of the as-sessing spatio-temporal visibility thresholds are reasonably expected. In this paper, the temporal characteristics of human perception to the change in block structures on the time axis are analyzed. The temporal characteristics of human perception are represented in terms of the significant variation in block structures for the analysis of human visual system (HVS). Herein, the block structure in each frame is computed by combined the pattern masking and the contrast masking simultaneously. The contrast masking always overestimates the visibility thresholds of edge regions and underestimates that of texture regions, while the pattern masking is weak on a uniform background and is strong on the complex background with spatial patterns. Under considering the significant variation of block structures between successive frames, we extend the block structures of images in the spatial domain to that of video sequences in the temporal domain to analyze the relation between the inter-frame variation of structures and the temporal masking. Meanwhile, the subjective viewing test and the fair rating process are designed to evaluate the consistency of the temporal characteristics with the HVS under a specified viewing condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20characteristic" title="temporal characteristic">temporal characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20structure" title=" block structure"> block structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20masking" title=" pattern masking"> pattern masking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrast%20masking" title=" contrast masking"> contrast masking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35248/temporal-characteristics-of-human-perception-to-significant-variation-of-block-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Bayesian Inference of Physicochemical Quality Elements of Tropical Lagoon Nokoué (Benin)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houny%C3%A8m%C3%A8%20Romuald">Hounyèmè Romuald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxime%20Logez"> Maxime Logez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mama%20Daouda"> Mama Daouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argillier%20Christine"> Argillier Christine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In view of the very strong degradation of aquatic ecosystems, it is urgent to set up monitoring systems that are best able to report on the effects of the stresses they undergo. This is particularly true in developing countries, where specific and relevant quality standards and funding for monitoring programs are lacking. The objective of this study was to make a relevant and objective choice of physicochemical parameters informative of the main stressors occurring on African lakes and to identify their alteration thresholds. Based on statistical analyses of the relationship between several driving forces and the physicochemical parameters of the Nokoué lagoon, relevant Physico-chemical parameters were selected for its monitoring. An innovative method based on Bayesian statistical modeling was used. Eleven Physico-chemical parameters were selected for their response to at least one stressor and their threshold quality standards were also established: Total Phosphorus (<4.5mg/L), Orthophosphates (<0.2mg/L), Nitrates (<0.5 mg/L), TKN (<1.85 mg/L), Dry Organic Matter (<5 mg/L), Dissolved Oxygen (>4 mg/L), BOD (<11.6 mg/L), Salinity (7.6 .), Water Temperature (<28.7 °C), pH (>6.2), and Transparency (>0.9 m). According to the System for the Evaluation of Coastal Water Quality, these thresholds correspond to” good to medium” suitability classes, except for total phosphorus. One of the original features of this study is the use of the bounds of the credibility interval of the fixed-effect coefficients as local weathering standards for the characterization of the Physico-chemical status of this anthropized African ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20forces" title="driving forces">driving forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alteration%20thresholds" title=" alteration thresholds"> alteration thresholds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acadjas" title=" acadjas"> acadjas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20activities" title=" human activities"> human activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159735/bayesian-inference-of-physicochemical-quality-elements-of-tropical-lagoon-nokoue-benin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Effect an Axial Magnetic Field in Co-rotating Flow Heated from Below</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mahfoud">B. Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bendjagloli"> A. Bendjagloli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of an axial magnetic field on the flow produced by co-rotation of the top and bottom disks in a vertical cylindrical heated from below is numerically analyzed. The governing Navier-Stokes, energy, and potential equations are solved by using the finite-volume method. It was observed that the Reynolds number is increased, the axisymmetric basic state loses stability to circular patterns of axisymmetric vortices and spiral waves. In mixed convection case the axisymmetric mode disappears giving an asymmetric mode m=1. It was also found that the primary thresholds Recr corresponding to the modes m=1and 2, increase with increasing of the Hartmann number (Ha). Finally, stability diagrams have been established according to the numerical results of this investigation. These diagrams giving the evolution of the primary thresholds as a function of the Hartmann number for various values of the Richardson number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title="bifurcation">bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-rotating%20end%20disks" title=" co-rotating end disks"> co-rotating end disks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20diagrams" title=" stability diagrams"> stability diagrams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortices" title=" vortices"> vortices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37590/effect-an-axial-magnetic-field-in-co-rotating-flow-heated-from-below" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Neural Network Approach to Classifying Truck Traffic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Moses">Ren Moses</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of classifying vehicles on a highway is hereby viewed as a pattern recognition problem in which connectionist techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used to assign vehicles to their correct classes and hence to establish optimum axle spacing thresholds. In the United States, vehicles are typically classified into 13 classes using a methodology commonly referred to as “Scheme F”. In this research, the ANN model was developed, trained, and applied to field data of vehicles. The data comprised of three vehicular features—axle spacing, number of axles per vehicle, and overall vehicle weight. The ANN reduced the classification error rate from 9.5 percent to 6.2 percent when compared to an existing classification algorithm that is not ANN-based and which uses two vehicular features for classification, that is, axle spacing and number of axles. The inclusion of overall vehicle weight as a third classification variable further reduced the error rate from 6.2 percent to only 3.0 percent. The promising results from the neural networks were used to set up new thresholds that reduce classification error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20classification" title=" vehicle classification"> vehicle classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20flow" title=" traffic flow"> traffic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20analysis" title=" traffic analysis"> traffic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20highway%20opera-tions" title=" and highway opera-tions"> and highway opera-tions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15762/neural-network-approach-to-classifying-truck-traffic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Resilience-Vulnerability Interaction in the Context of Disasters and Complexity: Study Case in the Coastal Plain of Gulf of Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Vazquez-Gonzalez">Cesar Vazquez-Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophie%20Avila-Foucat"> Sophie Avila-Foucat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardo%20Ortiz-Lozano"> Leonardo Ortiz-Lozano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Moreno-Casasola"> Patricia Moreno-Casasola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Granados-Barba"> Alejandro Granados-Barba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last twenty years, academic and scientific literature has been focused on understanding the processes and factors of coastal social-ecological systems vulnerability and resilience. Some scholars argue that resilience and vulnerability are isolated concepts due to their epistemological origin, while others note the existence of a strong resilience-vulnerability relationship. Here we present an ordinal logistic regression model based on the analytical framework about dynamic resilience-vulnerability interaction along adaptive cycle of complex systems and disasters process phases (during, recovery and learning). In this way, we demonstrate that 1) during the disturbance, absorptive capacity (resilience as a core of attributes) and external response capacity explain the probability of households capitals to diminish the damage, and exposure sets the thresholds about the amount of disturbance that households can absorb, 2) at recovery, absorptive capacity and external response capacity explain the probability of households capitals to recovery faster (resilience as an outcome) from damage, and 3) at learning, adaptive capacity (resilience as a core of attributes) explains the probability of households adaptation measures based on the enhancement of physical capital. As a result, during the disturbance phase, exposure has the greatest weight in the probability of capital’s damage, and households with absorptive and external response capacity elements absorbed the impact of floods in comparison with households without these elements. At the recovery phase, households with absorptive and external response capacity showed a faster recovery on their capital; however, the damage sets the thresholds of recovery time. More importantly, diversity in financial capital increases the probability of recovering other capital, but it becomes a liability so that the probability of recovering the household finances in a longer time increases. At learning-reorganizing phase, adaptation (modifications to the house) increases the probability of having less damage on physical capital; however, it is not very relevant. As conclusion, resilience is an outcome but also core of attributes that interacts with vulnerability along the adaptive cycle and disaster process phases. Absorptive capacity can diminish the damage experienced by floods; however, when exposure overcomes thresholds, both absorptive and external response capacity are not enough. In the same way, absorptive and external response capacity diminish the recovery time of capital, but the damage sets the thresholds in where households are not capable of recovering their capital. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorptive%20capacity" title="absorptive capacity">absorptive capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20capacity" title=" adaptive capacity"> adaptive capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital" title=" capital"> capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floods" title=" floods"> floods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery-learning" title=" recovery-learning"> recovery-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social-ecological%20systems" title=" social-ecological systems"> social-ecological systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134561/resilience-vulnerability-interaction-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-complexity-study-case-in-the-coastal-plain-of-gulf-of-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Framework to Quantify Customer Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anant%20Sharma">Anant Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwin%20Rajan"> Ashwin Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Customer experience is measured today based on defining a set of metrics and KPIs, setting up thresholds and defining triggers across those thresholds. While this is an effective way of measuring against a Key Performance Indicator ( referred to as KPI in the rest of the paper ), this approach cannot capture the various nuances that make up the overall customer experience. Customers consume a product or service at various levels, which is not reflected in metrics like Customer Satisfaction or Net Promoter Score, but also across other measurements like recurring revenue, frequency of service usage, e-learning and depth of usage. Here we explore an alternative method of measuring customer experience by flipping the traditional views. Rather than rolling customers up to a metric, we roll up metrics to hierarchies and then measure customer experience. This method allows any team to quantify customer experience across multiple touchpoints in a customer’s journey. We make use of various data sources which contain information for metrics like CXSAT, NPS, Renewals, and depths of service usage collected across a customer lifecycle. This data can be mined systematically to get linkages between different data points like geographies, business groups, products and time. Additional views can be generated by blending synthetic contexts into the data to show trends and top/bottom types of reports. We have created a framework that allows us to measure customer experience using the above logic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytics" title="analytics">analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customers%20experience" title=" customers experience"> customers experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BI" title=" BI"> BI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20operations" title=" business operations"> business operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KPIs" title=" KPIs"> KPIs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metrics" title=" metrics"> metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152386/framework-to-quantify-customer-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Perceptual Image Coding by Exploiting Internal Generative Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Cheng%20Liu">Kuo-Cheng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the perceptual image coding, the objective is to shape the coding distortion such that the amplitude of distortion does not exceed the error visibility threshold, or to remove perceptually redundant signals from the image. While most researches focus on color image coding, the perceptual-based quantizer developed for luminance signals are always directly applied to chrominance signals such that the color image compression methods are inefficient. In this paper, the internal generative mechanism is integrated into the design of a color image compression method. The internal generative mechanism working model based on the structure-based spatial masking is used to assess the subjective distortion visibility thresholds that are visually consistent to human eyes better. The estimation method of structure-based distortion visibility thresholds for color components is further presented in a locally adaptive way to design quantization process in the wavelet color image compression scheme. Since the lowest subband coefficient matrix of images in the wavelet domain preserves the local property of images in the spatial domain, the error visibility threshold inherent in each coefficient of the lowest subband for each color component is estimated by using the proposed spatial error visibility threshold assessment. The threshold inherent in each coefficient of other subbands for each color component is then estimated in a local adaptive fashion based on the distortion energy allocation. By considering that the error visibility thresholds are estimated using predicting and reconstructed signals of the color image, the coding scheme incorporated with locally adaptive perceptual color quantizer does not require side information. Experimental results show that the entropies of three color components obtained by using proposed IGM-based color image compression scheme are lower than that obtained by using the existing color image compression method at perceptually lossless visual quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20generative%20mechanism" title="internal generative mechanism">internal generative mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-based%20spatial%20masking" title=" structure-based spatial masking"> structure-based spatial masking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20threshold" title=" visibility threshold"> visibility threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20domain" title=" wavelet domain"> wavelet domain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75216/perceptual-image-coding-by-exploiting-internal-generative-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Using Analytics to Redefine Athlete Resilience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phil%20P.%20Wagner">Phil P. Wagner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is an overwhelming amount of athlete-centric information available for sport practitioners in this era of tech and big data, but protocols in athletic rehabilitation remain arbitrary. It is a common assumption that the rate at which tissue heals amongst individuals is the same; yielding protocols that are entirely time-based. Progressing athletes through rehab programs that lack individualization can potentially expose athletes to stimuli they are not prepared for or unnecessarily lengthen their recovery period. A 7-year aggregated and anonymous database was used to develop reliable and valid assessments to measure athletic resilience. Each assessment utilizes force plate technology with proprietary protocols and analysis to provide key thresholds for injury risk and recovery. Using a T score to analyze movement qualities, much like the Z score used for bone density from a Dexa scan, specific prescriptions are provided to mitigate the athlete’s inherent injury risk. In addition to obliging to surgical clearance, practitioners must put in place a clearance protocol guided by standardized assessments and achievement in strength thresholds. In order to truly hold individuals accountable (practitioners, athletic trainers, performance coaches, etc.), success in improving pre-defined key performance indicators must be frequently assessed and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytics" title="analytics">analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athlete%20rehabilitation" title=" athlete rehabilitation"> athlete rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athlete%20resilience" title=" athlete resilience"> athlete resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20prediction" title=" injury prediction"> injury prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20prevention" title=" injury prevention"> injury prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60885/using-analytics-to-redefine-athlete-resilience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Proposals of Exposure Limits for Infrasound From Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pawlaczyk-%C5%81uszczy%C5%84ska">M. Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Wszo%C5%82ek"> T. Wszołek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dudarewicz"> A. Dudarewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Ma%C5%82ecki"> P. Małecki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K%C5%82aczy%C5%84ski"> M. Kłaczyński</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bortkiewicz"> A. Bortkiewicz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human tolerance to infrasound is defined by the hearing threshold. Infrasound that cannot be heard (or felt) is not annoying and is not thought to have any other adverse or health effects. Recent research has largely confirmed earlier findings. ISO 7196:1995 recommends the use of G-weighted characteristics for the assessment of infrasound. There is a strong correlation between G-weighted SPL and annoyance perception. The aim of this study was to propose exposure limits for infrasound from wind turbines. However, only a few countries have set limits for infrasound. These limits are usually no higher than 85-92 dBG, and none of them are specific to wind turbines. Over the years, a number of studies have been carried out to determine hearing thresholds below 20 Hz. It has been recognized that 10% of young people would be able to perceive 10 Hz at around 90 dB, and it has also been found that the difference in median hearing thresholds between young adults aged around 20 years and older adults aged over 60 years is around 10 dB, irrespective of frequency. This shows that older people (up to about 60 years of age) retain good hearing in the low frequency range, while their sensitivity to higher frequencies is often significantly reduced. In terms of exposure limits for infrasound, the average hearing threshold corresponds to a tone with a G-weighted SPL of about 96 dBG. In contrast, infrasound at Lp,G levels below 85-90 dBG is usually inaudible. The individual hearing threshold can, therefore be 10-15 dB lower than the average threshold, so the recommended limits for environmental infrasound could be 75 dBG or 80 dBG. It is worth noting that the G86 curve has been taken as the threshold of auditory perception of infrasound reached by 90-95% of the population, so the G75 and G80 curves can be taken as the criterion curve for wind turbine infrasound. Finally, two assessment methods and corresponding exposure limit values have been proposed for wind turbine infrasound, i.e. method I - based on G-weighted sound pressure level measurements and method II - based on frequency analysis in 1/3-octave bands in the frequency range 4-20 Hz. Separate limit values have been set for outdoor living areas in the open countryside (Area A) and for noise sensitive areas (Area B). In the case of Method I, infrasound limit values of 80 dBG (for areas A) and 75 dBG (for areas B) have been proposed, while in the case of Method II - criterion curves G80 and G75 have been chosen (for areas A and B, respectively). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrasound" title="infrasound">infrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20limit" title=" exposure limit"> exposure limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20thresholds" title=" hearing thresholds"> hearing thresholds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbines" title=" wind turbines"> wind turbines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174872/proposals-of-exposure-limits-for-infrasound-from-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Uncontrolled Urbanization Leads to Main Challenge for Sustainable Development of Mongolia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davaanyam%20Surenjav">Davaanyam Surenjav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinzolboo%20Dandarbaatar"> Chinzolboo Dandarbaatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganbold%20Batkhuyag"> Ganbold Batkhuyag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Primate city induced rapid urbanization has been become one of the main challenges in sustainable development in Mongolia like other developing countries since transition to market economy in 1990. According due to statistical yearbook, population number of Ulaanbaatar city has increased from 0.5 million to 1.5 million for last 30 years and contains now almost half (47%) of total Mongolian population. Rural-Ulaanbaatar and local Cities-Ulaanbaatar city migration leads to social issues like uncontrolled urbanization, income inequality, poverty, overwork of public service, economic over cost for redevelopment and limitation of transport and environmental degradation including air, noise, water and soil pollution. Most thresholds of all of the sustainable urban development main and sub-indicators over exceeded from safety level to unsafety level in Ulaanbaatar. So, there is an urgent need to remove migration pull factors including some administrative and high education functions from Ulaanbaatar city to its satellite cities or secondary cities. Moreover, urban smart transport system and green and renewable energy technologies should be introduced to urban development master plan of Ulaanbaatar city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenge%20for%20sustainable%20urban%20development" title="challenge for sustainable urban development">challenge for sustainable urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20factors" title=" migration factors"> migration factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primate%20city" title=" primate city "> primate city </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20safety%20thresholds" title=" urban safety thresholds"> urban safety thresholds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121601/uncontrolled-urbanization-leads-to-main-challenge-for-sustainable-development-of-mongolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Safety-critical Alarming Strategy Based on Statistically Defined Slope Deformation Behaviour Model Case Study: Upright-dipping Highwall in a Coal Mining Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lintang%20Putra%20Sadewa">Lintang Putra Sadewa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilham%20Prasetya%20Budhi"> Ilham Prasetya Budhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Slope monitoring program has now become a mandatory campaign for any open pit mines around the world to operate safely. Utilizing various slope monitoring instruments and strategies, miners are now able to deliver precise decisions in mitigating the risk of slope failures which can be catastrophic. Currently, the most sophisticated slope monitoring technology available is the Slope Stability Radar (SSR), whichcan measure wall deformation in submillimeter accuracy. One of its eminent features is that SSRcan provide a timely warning by automatically raise an alarm when a predetermined rate-of-movement threshold is reached. However, establishing proper alarm thresholds is arguably one of the onerous challenges faced in any slope monitoring program. The difficulty mainly lies in the number of considerations that must be taken when generating a threshold becausean alarm must be effectivethat it should limit the occurrences of false alarms while alsobeing able to capture any real wall deformations. In this sense, experience shows that a site-specific alarm thresholdtendsto produce more reliable results because it considers site distinctive variables. This study will attempt to determinealarming thresholds for safety-critical monitoring based on an empirical model of slope deformation behaviour that is defined statistically fromdeformation data captured by the Slope Stability Radar (SSR). The study area comprises of upright-dipping highwall setting in a coal mining area with intense mining activities, andthe deformation data used for the study were recorded by the SSR throughout the year 2022. The model is site-specific in nature thus, valuable information extracted from the model (e.g., time-to-failure, onset-of-acceleration, and velocity) will be applicable in setting up site-specific alarm thresholds and will give a clear understanding of how deformation trends evolve over the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety-critical%20monitoring" title="safety-critical monitoring">safety-critical monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alarming%20strategy" title=" alarming strategy"> alarming strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20deformation%20behaviour%20model" title=" slope deformation behaviour model"> slope deformation behaviour model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mining" title=" coal mining"> coal mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158244/safety-critical-alarming-strategy-based-on-statistically-defined-slope-deformation-behaviour-model-case-study-upright-dipping-highwall-in-a-coal-mining-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> In-situ Phytoremediation Of Polluted Soils By Micropollutants From Artisanal Gold Mining Processes In Burkina Faso</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamma%20Rose">Yamma Rose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kone%20Martine"> Kone Martine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yonli%20Ars%C3%A8ne"> Yonli Arsène</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanko%20Ngnien%20Adrien"> Wanko Ngnien Adrien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artisanal gold mining has seen a resurgence in recent years in Burkina Faso with its corollary of soil and water pollution. Indeed, in addition to visible impacts, it generates discharges rich in trace metal elements and acids. This pollution has significant environmental consequences, making these lands unusable while the population depends on the natural environment for its survival. The goal of this study is to assess the decontamination potential of Chrysopogon zizanioides on two artisanal gold processing sites in Burkina Faso. The cyanidation sites of Nebia (1Ha) and Nimbrogo (2Ha) located respectively in the Central West and Central South regions were selected. The soils were characterized to determine the initial pollution levels before the implementation of phytoremediation. After development of the site, parallel trenches equidistant 6 m apart, 30 cm deep, 40 cm wide and opposite to the water flow direction were dug and filled with earth amended with manure. The Chrysopogon zizanioides plants were transplanted 5 cm equidistant into the trenches. The mere fact that Chrysopogon zizanioides grew in the polluted soil is an indication that this plant tolerates and resists the toxicity of trace elements present on the site. The characterization shows sites very polluted with free cyanide 900 times higher than the national standard, the level of Hg in the soil is 5 times more than the limit value, iron and Zn are respectively 1000 times and 200 more than the tolerated environmental value. At time T1 (6 months) and T2 (12 months) of culture, Chrysopogon zizanioides showed less development on the Nimbrogo site than that of the Nebia site. Plant shoots and associated soil samples were collected and analyzed for total As, Hg, Fe and Zn concentration. The trace element content of the soil, the bioaccumulation factor and the hyper accumulation thresholds were also determined to assess the remediation potential. The concentration of As and Hg in the soil was below international risk thresholds, while that of Fe and Zn was well above these thresholds. The CN removal efficiency at the Nebia site is respectively 29.90% and 68.62% compared to 6.6% and 60.8% at Nimbrogo at time T1 and T2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chrysopogon%20zizanioides" title="chrysopogon zizanioides">chrysopogon zizanioides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20phytoremediation" title=" in-situ phytoremediation"> in-situ phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polluted%20soils" title=" polluted soils"> polluted soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micropollutants" title=" micropollutants"> micropollutants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179396/in-situ-phytoremediation-of-polluted-soils-by-micropollutants-from-artisanal-gold-mining-processes-in-burkina-faso" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Hearing Threshold Levels among Steel Industry Workers in Samut Prakan Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petcharat%20%C2%A0Kerdonfag">Petcharat Kerdonfag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surasak%20Taneepanichskul"> Surasak Taneepanichskul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winai%20Wadwongtham"> Winai Wadwongtham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial noise is usually considered as the main impact of the environmental health and safety because its exposure can cause permanently serious hearing damage. Despite providing strictly hearing protection standards and campaigning extensively encouraging public health awareness among industrial workers in Thailand, hazard noise-induced hearing loss has dramatically been massive obstacles for workers’ health. The aims of the study were to explore and specify the hearing threshold levels among steel industrial workers responsible in which higher noise levels of work zone and to examine the relationships of hearing loss and workers’ age and the length of employment in Samut Prakan province, Thailand. Cross-sectional study design was done. Ninety-three steel industrial workers in the designated zone of higher noise (> 85dBA) with more than 1 year of employment from two factories by simple random sampling and available to participate in were assessed by the audiometric screening at regional Samut Prakan hospital. Data of doing screening were collected from October to December, 2016 by the occupational medicine physician and a qualified occupational nurse. All participants were examined by the same examiners for the validity. An Audiometric testing was performed at least 14 hours after the last noise exposure from the workplace. Workers’ age and the length of employment were gathered by the developed occupational record form. Results: The range of workers’ age was from 23 to 59 years, (Mean = 41.67, SD = 9.69) and the length of employment was from 1 to 39 years, (Mean = 13.99, SD = 9.88). Fifty three (60.0%) out of all participants have been exposing to the hazard of noise in the workplace for more than 10 years. Twenty-three (24.7%) of them have been exposing to the hazard of noise less than or equal to 5 years. Seventeen (18.3%) of them have been exposing to the hazard of noise for 5 to 10 years. Using the cut point of less than or equal to 25 dBA of hearing thresholds, the average means of hearing thresholds for participants at 4, 6, and 8 kHz were 31.34, 29.62, and 25.64 dB, respectively for the right ear and 40.15, 32.20, and 25.48 dB for the left ear, respectively. The more developing age of workers in the work zone with hazard of noise, the more the hearing thresholds would be increasing at frequencies of 4, 6, and 8 kHz (p =.012, p =.026, p =.024) for the right ear, respectively and for the left ear only at the frequency 4 kHz (p =.009). Conclusion: The participants’ age in the hazard of noise work zone was significantly associated with the hearing loss in different levels while the length of participants’ employment was not significantly associated with the hearing loss. Thus hearing threshold levels among industrial workers would be regularly assessed and needed to be protected at the beginning of working. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20threshold%20levels" title="hearing threshold levels">hearing threshold levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20of%20noise" title=" hazard of noise"> hazard of noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20loss" title=" hearing loss"> hearing loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audiometric%20testing" title=" audiometric testing"> audiometric testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77710/hearing-threshold-levels-among-steel-industry-workers-in-samut-prakan-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Comparison of Number of Waves Surfed and Duration Using Global Positioning System and Inertial Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Madureira">João Madureira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Lagido"> Ricardo Lagido</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%C3%AAs%20Sousa"> Inês Sousa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fraunhofer%20Portugal"> Fraunhofer Portugal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surf is an increasingly popular sport and its performance evaluation is often qualitative. This work aims at using a smartphone to collect and analyze the GPS and inertial sensors data in order to obtain quantitative metrics of the surfing performance. Two approaches are compared for detection of wave rides, computing the number of waves rode in a surfing session, the starting time of each wave and its duration. The first approach is based on computing the velocity from the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal and finding the velocity thresholds that allow identifying the start and end of each wave ride. The second approach adds information from the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the smartphone, to the velocity thresholds obtained from the GPS unit, to determine the start and end of each wave ride. The two methods were evaluated using GPS and IMU data from two surfing sessions and validated with similar metrics extracted from video data collected from the beach. The second method, combining GPS and IMU data, was found to be more accurate in determining the number of waves, start time and duration. This paper shows that it is feasible to use smartphones for quantification of performance metrics during surfing. In particular, detection of the waves rode and their duration can be accurately determined using the smartphone GPS and IMU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20measurement%20unit%20%28IMU%29" title="inertial measurement unit (IMU)">inertial measurement unit (IMU)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20positioning%20system%20%28GPS%29" title=" global positioning system (GPS)"> global positioning system (GPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartphone" title=" smartphone"> smartphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfing%20performance" title=" surfing performance"> surfing performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21286/comparison-of-number-of-waves-surfed-and-duration-using-global-positioning-system-and-inertial-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Improving Flash Flood Forecasting with a Bayesian Probabilistic Approach: A Case Study on the Posina Basin in Italy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zviad%20Ghadua">Zviad Ghadua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswa%20Bhattacharya"> Biswa Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) provides the rainfall amount of a given duration necessary to cause flooding. The approach is based on the development of rainfall-runoff curves, which helps us to find out the rainfall amount that would cause flooding. An alternative approach, mostly experimented with Italian Alpine catchments, is based on determining threshold discharges from past events and on finding whether or not an oncoming flood has its magnitude more than some critical discharge thresholds found beforehand. Both approaches suffer from large uncertainties in forecasting flash floods as, due to the simplistic approach followed, the same rainfall amount may or may not cause flooding. This uncertainty leads to the question whether a probabilistic model is preferable over a deterministic one in forecasting flash floods. We propose the use of a Bayesian probabilistic approach in flash flood forecasting. A prior probability of flooding is derived based on historical data. Additional information, such as antecedent moisture condition (AMC) and rainfall amount over any rainfall thresholds are used in computing the likelihood of observing these conditions given a flash flood has occurred. Finally, the posterior probability of flooding is computed using the prior probability and the likelihood. The variation of the computed posterior probability with rainfall amount and AMC presents the suitability of the approach in decision making in an uncertain environment. The methodology has been applied to the Posina basin in Italy. From the promising results obtained, we can conclude that the Bayesian approach in flash flood forecasting provides more realistic forecasting over the FFG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash%20flood" title="flash flood">flash flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian" title=" Bayesian"> Bayesian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash%20flood%20guidance" title=" flash flood guidance"> flash flood guidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FFG" title=" FFG"> FFG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Posina" title=" Posina"> Posina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102864/improving-flash-flood-forecasting-with-a-bayesian-probabilistic-approach-a-case-study-on-the-posina-basin-in-italy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Evaluation of Dual Polarization Rainfall Estimation Algorithm Applicability in Korea: A Case Study on Biseulsan Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chulsang%20Yoo">Chulsang Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gildo%20Kim"> Gildo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dual polarization radar provides comprehensive information about rainfall by measuring multiple parameters. In Korea, for the rainfall estimation, JPOLE and CSU-HIDRO algorithms are generally used. This study evaluated the local applicability of JPOLE and CSU-HIDRO algorithms in Korea by using the observed rainfall data collected on August, 2014 by the Biseulsan dual polarization radar data and KMA AWS. A total of 11,372 pairs of radar-ground rain rate data were classified according to thresholds of synthetic algorithms into suitable and unsuitable data. Then, evaluation criteria were derived by comparing radar rain rate and ground rain rate, respectively, for entire, suitable, unsuitable data. The results are as follows: (1) The radar rain rate equation including KDP, was found better in the rainfall estimation than the other equations for both JPOLE and CSU-HIDRO algorithms. The thresholds were found to be adequately applied for both algorithms including specific differential phase. (2) The radar rain rate equation including horizontal reflectivity and differential reflectivity were found poor compared to the others. The result was not improved even when only the suitable data were applied. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2011012). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSU-HIDRO%20algorithm" title="CSU-HIDRO algorithm">CSU-HIDRO algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20polarization%20radar" title=" dual polarization radar"> dual polarization radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JPOLE%20algorithm" title=" JPOLE algorithm"> JPOLE algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar%20rainfall%20estimation%20algorithm" title=" radar rainfall estimation algorithm"> radar rainfall estimation algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46874/evaluation-of-dual-polarization-rainfall-estimation-algorithm-applicability-in-korea-a-case-study-on-biseulsan-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Psychological Skills Training for Severely Injured Athletes to Enhance Recovery and Return to Sport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20E%20Coumbe-Lilley">John E Coumbe-Lilley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This IRB-approved study explored athletes' emotional recovery experiences following a severe sports injury keeping them out of their sport for six months or longer. A realistic thematic analytical approach was used to interpret the findings of 44 semi-structured interviews of athletes who competed at high school, college, and professional levels of competition. Thematic analysis validated by a self-rating scale demonstrated athletes cross a series of emotional thresholds during their injury rehabilitation process. Results showed athletes crossed two to six emotional thresholds before positive emotion and coping were consistently experienced following their injury. Athletes reported being unequipped to cope with negative emotional intensity, the longevity of recovery, and enduring depression during long-term rehabilitation. Positive emotional recovery was expected no sooner than nine months and up to 2.5 years following a sports injury. In addition, 100% of athletes received no psychological skills training (PST) for coping and recovery, and 93% of athletes indicated passive psychological coping strategies in the first month following injury, which extended their time to recover. Athletes recommended immediate, realistic, and evidence-based strategies benefitting the emotional recovery of severely injured athletes emotional recovery to improve athletes' emotional well-being during long-term rehabilitation and enhance their return to sport. Future experimental research might compare the post-PST program that emerged from this study to determine its efficacy in improving the recovery of severely injured athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports" title="sports">sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury" title=" injury"> injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20skills%20training" title=" psychological skills training"> psychological skills training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping" title=" coping"> coping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154222/psychological-skills-training-for-severely-injured-athletes-to-enhance-recovery-and-return-to-sport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Multi-Objective Optimization for Aircraft Fleet Management: A Parametric Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin-Yu%20Li">Xin-Yu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dung-Ying%20Lin"> Dung-Ying Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fleet availability is a crucial indicator for an aircraft fleet. However, in practice, fleet planning involves many resource and safety constraints, such as annual and monthly flight training targets and maximum engine usage limits. Due to safety considerations, engines must be removed for mandatory maintenance and replacement of key components. This situation is known as the "threshold." The annual number of thresholds is a key factor in maintaining fleet availability. However, the traditional method heavily relies on experience and manual planning, which may result in ineffective engine usage and affect the flight missions. This study aims to address the challenges of fleet planning and availability maintenance in aircraft fleets with resource and safety constraints. The goal is to effectively optimize engine usage and maintenance tasks. This study has four objectives: minimizing the number of engine thresholds, minimizing the monthly lack of flight hours, minimizing the monthly excess of flight hours, and minimizing engine disassembly frequency. To solve the resulting formulation, this study uses parametric programming techniques and ϵ-constraint method to reformulate multi-objective problems into single-objective problems, efficiently generating Pareto fronts. This method is advantageous when handling multiple conflicting objectives. It allows for an effective trade-off between these competing objectives. Empirical results and managerial insights will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20fleet" title="aircraft fleet">aircraft fleet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20utilization%20planning" title=" engine utilization planning"> engine utilization planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20optimization" title=" multi-objective optimization"> multi-objective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20method" title=" parametric method"> parametric method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20optimality" title=" Pareto optimality"> Pareto optimality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192037/multi-objective-optimization-for-aircraft-fleet-management-a-parametric-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Evaluating Traffic Congestion Using the Bayesian Dirichlet Process Mixture of Generalized Linear Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Moses">Ren Moses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Kidando"> Emmanuel Kidando</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eren%20Ozguven"> Eren Ozguven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassir%20Abdelrazig"> Yassir Abdelrazig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study applied traffic speed and occupancy to develop clustering models that identify different traffic conditions. Particularly, these models are based on the Dirichlet Process Mixture of Generalized Linear regression (DML) and change-point regression (CR). The model frameworks were implemented using 2015 historical traffic data aggregated at a 15-minute interval from an Interstate 295 freeway in Jacksonville, Florida. Using the deviance information criterion (DIC) to identify the appropriate number of mixture components, three traffic states were identified as free-flow, transitional, and congested condition. Results of the DML revealed that traffic occupancy is statistically significant in influencing the reduction of traffic speed in each of the identified states. Influence on the free-flow and the congested state was estimated to be higher than the transitional flow condition in both evening and morning peak periods. Estimation of the critical speed threshold using CR revealed that 47 mph and 48 mph are speed thresholds for congested and transitional traffic condition during the morning peak hours and evening peak hours, respectively. Free-flow speed thresholds for morning and evening peak hours were estimated at 64 mph and 66 mph, respectively. The proposed approaches will facilitate accurate detection and prediction of traffic congestion for developing effective countermeasures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title="traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multistate%20speed%20distribution" title=" multistate speed distribution"> multistate speed distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20occupancy" title=" traffic occupancy"> traffic occupancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirichlet%20process%20mixtures%20of%20generalized%20linear%20model" title=" Dirichlet process mixtures of generalized linear model"> Dirichlet process mixtures of generalized linear model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20change-point%20detection" title=" Bayesian change-point detection"> Bayesian change-point detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67198/evaluating-traffic-congestion-using-the-bayesian-dirichlet-process-mixture-of-generalized-linear-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> “Self-Torturous Thresholds” in Post-WWII Japan: Three Thresholds to Queer Japanese Futures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maari%20Sugawara">Maari Sugawara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This arts-based research is about "self-torture": the interplay of seemingly opposing elements of pain, pleasure, submission, and power. It asserts that "self-torture" can be considered a nontrivial mediation between the aesthetic and the sociopolitical. It explores what the author calls queered self-torture; "self-torture" marked by an ambivalence that allows the oppressed to resist, and their counter-valorization occasionally functions as therapeutic solutions to the problems they highlight and condense. The research goal is to deconstruct normative self-torture and propose queered self-torture as a fertile ground for considering the complexities of desire that allow the oppressed to practice freedom. While “self-torture” manifests in many societies, this research focuses on cultural and national identity in post-WWII Japan using this lens of self-torture, as masochism functions as the very basis for Japanese cultural and national identity to ensure self-preservation. This masochism is defined as an impulse to realize a sense of pride and construct an identity through the acceptance of subordination, shame, and humiliation in the face of an all-powerful Other; the dominant Euro-America. It could be argued that this self-torture is a result of Japanese cultural annihilation and the trauma of the nation's defeat to the US. This is the definition of "self-torturous thresholds," the author’s post-WWII Japan psycho-historical diagnosis; when this threshold is crossed, the oppressed begin to torture themselves; the oppressors no longer need to do anything to maintain their power. The oppressed are already oppressing themselves. The term "oppressed" here refers to Japanese individuals and residents of Japan who are subjected to oppressive “white” heteropatriarchal supremacist structures and values that serve colonialist interests. There are three stages in "self-torturous thresholds": (1) the oppressors no longer need to oppress because the oppressed voluntarily commit to self-torture; (2) the oppressed find pleasure in self-torture; and (3) the oppressed achieve queered self-torture, to achieve alternative futures. Using the conceptualization of "self-torture," this research examines and critiques pleasure, desire, capital, and power in postwar Japan, which enables the discussion of the data-colonizing “Moonshot Research and Development program”. If the oppressed want to divest from the habits of normative self-torture, which shape what is possible in both our present and future, we need methods to feel and know that the alternative results of self-torture are possible. Phase three will be enacted using Sarah Ahmed's queer methodology to reorient national and cultural identity away from heteronormativity. Through theoretical analysis, textual analysis, archival research, ethnographic interviews, and digital art projects, including experimental documentary as a method to capture the realities of the individuals who are practicing self-torture, this research seeks to reveal how self-torture may become not just a vehicle of pleasure but also a mode of critiquing power and achieving freedom. It seeks to encourage the imaginings of queer Japanese futures, where the marginalized survive Japan’s natural and man-made disasters and Japan’s Imperialist past and present rather than submitting to the country’s continued violence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arts-based%20research" title="arts-based research">arts-based research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20studies" title=" Japanese studies"> Japanese studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinary%20arts" title=" interdisciplinary arts"> interdisciplinary arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queer%20studies" title=" queer studies"> queer studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20studies" title=" cultural studies"> cultural studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=popular%20culture" title=" popular culture"> popular culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BDSM" title=" BDSM"> BDSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sadomasochism" title=" sadomasochism"> sadomasochism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexuality" title=" sexuality"> sexuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VR" title=" VR"> VR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AR" title=" AR"> AR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20art" title=" digital art"> digital art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20arts" title=" visual arts"> visual arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speculative%20fiction" title=" speculative fiction"> speculative fiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171465/self-torturous-thresholds-in-post-wwii-japan-three-thresholds-to-queer-japanese-futures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Effect of Threshold Configuration on Accuracy in Upper Airway Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Fahham">Saba Fahham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supak%20Ngamsom"> Supak Ngamsom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchaya%20Damrongsri"> Suchaya Damrongsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The objective is to determine the optimal threshold of Romexis software for the airway volume and minimum cross-section area (MCA) analysis using Image J as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: A total of ten cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were collected. The airway volume and MCA of each patient were analyzed using the automatic airway segmentation function in the CBCT DICOM viewer (Romexis). Airway volume and MCA measurements were conducted on each CBCT sagittal view with fifteen different threshold values from the Romexis software, Ranging from 300 to 1000. Duplicate DICOM files, in axial view, were imported into Image J for concurrent airway volume and MCA analysis as the gold standard. The airway volume and MCA measured from Romexis and Image J were compared using a t-test with Bonferroni correction, and statistical significance was set at p<0.003. Results: Concerning airway volume, thresholds of 600 to 850 as well as 1000, exhibited results that were not significantly distinct from those obtained through Image J. Regarding MCA, employing thresholds from 400 to 850 within Romexis Viewer showed no variance from Image J. Notably, within the threshold range of 600 to 850, there were no statistically significant differences observed in both airway volume and MCA analyses, in comparison to Image J. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the utilization of Planmeca Romexis Viewer 6.4.3.3 within threshold range of 600 to 850 yields airway volume and MCA measurements that exhibit no statistically significant variance in comparison to measurements obtained through Image J. This outcome holds implications for diagnosing upper airway obstructions and post-orthodontic surgical monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20analysis" title="airway analysis">airway analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20segmentation" title=" airway segmentation"> airway segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20beam%20computed%20tomography" title=" cone beam computed tomography"> cone beam computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold" title=" threshold"> threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186082/effect-of-threshold-configuration-on-accuracy-in-upper-airway-analysis-using-cone-beam-computed-tomography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Derivation of a Risk-Based Level of Service Index for Surface Street Network Using Reliability Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Jen%20Lan">Chang-Jen Lan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current Level of Service (LOS) index adopted in Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) for signalized intersections on surface streets is based on the intersection average delay. The delay thresholds for defining LOS grades are subjective and is unrelated to critical traffic condition. For example, an intersection delay of 80 sec per vehicle for failing LOS grade F does not necessarily correspond to the intersection capacity. Also, a specific measure of average delay may result from delay minimization, delay equality, or other meaningful optimization criteria. To that end, a reliability version of the intersection critical degree of saturation (v/c) as the LOS index is introduced. Traditionally, the level of saturation at a signalized intersection is defined as the ratio of critical volume sum (per lane) to the average saturation flow (per lane) during all available effective green time within a cycle. The critical sum is the sum of the maximal conflicting movement-pair volumes in northbound-southbound and eastbound/westbound right of ways. In this study, both movement volume and saturation flow are assumed log-normal distributions. Because, when the conditions of central limit theorem obtain, multiplication of the independent, positive random variables tends to result in a log-normal distributed outcome in the limit, the critical degree of saturation is expected to be a log-normal distribution as well. Derivation of the risk index predictive limits is complex due to the maximum and absolute value operators, as well as the ratio of random variables. A fairly accurate functional form for the predictive limit at a user-specified significant level is yielded. The predictive limit is then compared with the designated LOS thresholds for the intersection critical degree of saturation (denoted as X <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20analysis" title="reliability analysis">reliability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20service" title=" level of service"> level of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20critical%20degree%20of%20saturation" title=" intersection critical degree of saturation"> intersection critical degree of saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20based%20index" title=" risk based index"> risk based index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112749/derivation-of-a-risk-based-level-of-service-index-for-surface-street-network-using-reliability-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholds&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholds&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholds&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholds&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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