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threshold</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: visibility threshold"> <meta name="keywords" content="visibility threshold"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="visibility threshold"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 992</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: visibility threshold</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">992</span> Perceptual Image Coding by Exploiting Internal Generative Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Cheng%20Liu">Kuo-Cheng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the perceptual image coding, the objective is to shape the coding distortion such that the amplitude of distortion does not exceed the error visibility threshold, or to remove perceptually redundant signals from the image. While most researches focus on color image coding, the perceptual-based quantizer developed for luminance signals are always directly applied to chrominance signals such that the color image compression methods are inefficient. In this paper, the internal generative mechanism is integrated into the design of a color image compression method. The internal generative mechanism working model based on the structure-based spatial masking is used to assess the subjective distortion visibility thresholds that are visually consistent to human eyes better. The estimation method of structure-based distortion visibility thresholds for color components is further presented in a locally adaptive way to design quantization process in the wavelet color image compression scheme. Since the lowest subband coefficient matrix of images in the wavelet domain preserves the local property of images in the spatial domain, the error visibility threshold inherent in each coefficient of the lowest subband for each color component is estimated by using the proposed spatial error visibility threshold assessment. The threshold inherent in each coefficient of other subbands for each color component is then estimated in a local adaptive fashion based on the distortion energy allocation. By considering that the error visibility thresholds are estimated using predicting and reconstructed signals of the color image, the coding scheme incorporated with locally adaptive perceptual color quantizer does not require side information. Experimental results show that the entropies of three color components obtained by using proposed IGM-based color image compression scheme are lower than that obtained by using the existing color image compression method at perceptually lossless visual quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20generative%20mechanism" title="internal generative mechanism">internal generative mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-based%20spatial%20masking" title=" structure-based spatial masking"> structure-based spatial masking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20threshold" title=" visibility threshold"> visibility threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20domain" title=" wavelet domain"> wavelet domain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75216/perceptual-image-coding-by-exploiting-internal-generative-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">991</span> End to End Supply Chain Visibility – A Dynamic Capability View</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Nafar">Mohammad Reza Nafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to get a better understanding of supply chain visibility for creating strategic value, this paper uses a dynamic capability lens to reveal the nature of supply chain visibility. This paper identifies the importance of supply chain visibility in driving supply chain reconfigurability and consequently improving supply chain strategic performance. Empirical evidence shows that visibility has a direct impact on supply chain strategic performance. It also supports that visibility is important for enhancing supply chain reconfigurability, thus creating strategic value in supply chains. Supply chain visibility, therefore, enables firms to reconfigure their supply chain resources for a better competitive advantage. From the perspective of practitioners, the results display several insights into how managers should create strategic value from supply chain visibility. Prominently, managers or decision-makers need to take advantage of supply chain visibility in order to use and recombine resources in a value creation manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20visibility" title="supply chain visibility">supply chain visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20performance" title=" strategic performance"> strategic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20mobilization" title=" resource mobilization"> resource mobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20system" title=" information system"> information system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139379/end-to-end-supply-chain-visibility-a-dynamic-capability-view" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">990</span> Validation of Visibility Data from Road Weather Information Systems by Comparing Three Data Resources: Case Study in Ohio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Ye">Fan Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adverse weather conditions, particularly those with low visibility, are critical to the driving tasks. However, the direct relationship between visibility distances and traffic flow/roadway safety is uncertain due to the limitation of visibility data availability. The recent growth of deployment of Road Weather Information Systems (RWIS) makes segment-specific visibility information available which can be integrated with other Intelligent Transportation System, such as automated warning system and variable speed limit, to improve mobility and safety. Before applying the RWIS visibility measurements in traffic study and operations, it is critical to validate the data. Therefore, an attempt was made in the paper to examine the validity and viability of RWIS visibility data by comparing visibility measurements among RWIS, airport weather stations, and weather information recorded by police in crash reports, based on Ohio data. The results indicated that RWIS visibility measurements were significantly different from airport visibility data in Ohio, but no conclusion regarding the reliability of RWIS visibility could be drawn in the consideration of no verified ground truth in the comparisons. It was suggested that more objective methods are needed to validate the RWIS visibility measurements, such as continuous in-field measurements associated with various weather events using calibrated visibility sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RWIS" title="RWIS">RWIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20distance" title=" visibility distance"> visibility distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20visibility" title=" low visibility"> low visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20weather" title=" adverse weather"> adverse weather</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67942/validation-of-visibility-data-from-road-weather-information-systems-by-comparing-three-data-resources-case-study-in-ohio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">989</span> Extremal Laplacian Energy of Threshold Graphs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ahmad%20Mojallal">Seyed Ahmad Mojallal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let G be a connected threshold graph of order n with m edges and trace T. In this talk we give a lower bound on Laplacian energy in terms of n, m, and T of G. From this we determine the threshold graphs with the first four minimal Laplacian energies. We also list the first 20 minimal Laplacian energies among threshold graphs. Let σ=σ(G) be the number of Laplacian eigenvalues greater than or equal to average degree of graph G. Using this concept, we obtain the threshold graphs with the largest and the second largest Laplacian energies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20eigenvalues" title="Laplacian eigenvalues">Laplacian eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20energy" title=" Laplacian energy"> Laplacian energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20graphs" title=" threshold graphs"> threshold graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extremal%20graphs" title=" extremal graphs"> extremal graphs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41332/extremal-laplacian-energy-of-threshold-graphs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">988</span> Visibility as a Catalyst for Driving LGBT-Inclusive Growth in India: Rethinking the Diversity and Inclusion Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koel%20Chakraborty">Koel Chakraborty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper critically examines the role of ‘disclosure and visibility’ of sexual minorities in a heteronormative organizational setting. The paper wishes to comment on the importance of promoting ‘visibility’ as an important catalyst in increasing the efficacy of outreach programs as part of diversity management practices as well as increasing the efficacy of teams. The aim of the research is to assess the pitfalls of not bringing ‘one’s authentic or whole self’ to work. In doing so, it will address whether Inclusive Leadership at the top propels employees to come out. The paper finally discusses and recommends strategies that could be helpful toward attaining and improving the visibility factor at a cross-functional level. This is a qualitative research with interviews and surveys conducted in inclusive workplace environments across various private sector companies in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisation" title=" organisation"> organisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75043/visibility-as-a-catalyst-for-driving-lgbt-inclusive-growth-in-india-rethinking-the-diversity-and-inclusion-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">987</span> Corporate Social Responsibility, Media Visibility and Performance of Firms Listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Kariuki">Anne Kariuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kellen%20Kiambati"> Kellen Kiambati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The broad objective of this study was to establish the mediating effect of media visibility on the relationship between corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the corporate performance of firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The review of the literature provided conceptual and empirical gaps that formed the basis of the conceptual hypotheses. A survey questionnaire was distributed to the 50 heads of human resource departments in the different firms. A survey was conducted on fifty (50) companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study findings reported a significant relationship between CSR and non-financial performance and the mediating role of media visibility on the relationship between CSR and performance. The findings of the study support the signaling theory and stakeholder’s theory. Conclusively, CSR activities have an effect on media visibility, which in turn affects performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title="corporate social responsibility">corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20visibility" title=" media visibility"> media visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20performance" title=" corporate performance"> corporate performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-financial%20performance" title=" non-financial performance"> non-financial performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182462/corporate-social-responsibility-media-visibility-and-performance-of-firms-listed-on-nairobi-securities-exchange-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">986</span> Adaptive Threshold Adjustment of Clear Channel Assessment in LAA Down Link</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Li">Yu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongyao%20Wang"> Dongyao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobao%20Sun"> Xiaobao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Ni"> Wei Ni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In long-term evolution (LTE), the carriers around 5GHz are planned to be utilized without licenses to further enlarge system capacity. This feature is termed licensed assisted access (LAA). The channel sensing (clean channel assessment, CCA) is required before any transmission on these unlicensed carriers, in order to make sure the harmonious co-existence of LAA with other radio access technology in the unlicensed band. Obviously, the CCA threshold is very critical, which decides whether the transmission right following CCA is delivered in time and without collisions. An improper CCA threshold may cause buffer overflow of some eNodeBs if the eNodeBs are heavily loaded with the traffic. Thus, to solve these problems, we propose an adaptive threshold adjustment method for CCA in the LAA downlink. Both the load and transmission opportunities are concerned. The trend of the LAA throughput as the threshold varies is obtained, which guides the threshold adjustment. The co-existing between LAA and Wi-Fi is particularly tested. The results from system-level simulation confirm the merits of our design, especially in heavy traffic cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE" title="LTE">LTE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LAA" title=" LAA"> LAA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCA" title=" CCA"> CCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20adjustment" title=" threshold adjustment"> threshold adjustment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130135/adaptive-threshold-adjustment-of-clear-channel-assessment-in-laa-down-link" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">985</span> The Impact of Supply Chain Relationship Quality on Cooperative Strategy and Visibility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Hsuan%20Hsu">Jung-Hsuan Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to intense competition within the industry, companies have increasingly recognized partnerships with other companies. In addition, with outsourcing and globalization of the supply chain, it leads to companies' increasing reliance on external resources. Consequently, supply chain network becomes complex, so that it reduces the visibility of the manufacturing process. Therefore, this study is going to focus on the impact of supply chain relationship quality (SCRQ) on cooperative strategy and visibility. Questionnaire survey is going to be conducted as research method, using the organic food industry as the research subject, and the sampling method is random sampling. Finally, the data analysis will use SPSS statistical software and AMOS software to analyze and verify the hypothesis. The expected results in this study is to evaluate the supply chain relationship quality between Taiwan's food manufacturing and their suppliers regarding whether it has a positive impact for the persistence, frequency and diversity of cooperative strategy, as well as the dimensions of supply chain relationship quality on visibility regarding whether it has a positive effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20relationship%20quality%20%28SCRQ%29" title="supply chain relationship quality (SCRQ)">supply chain relationship quality (SCRQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20strategy" title=" cooperative strategy"> cooperative strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility" title=" visibility"> visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition" title=" competition"> competition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8478/the-impact-of-supply-chain-relationship-quality-on-cooperative-strategy-and-visibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">984</span> Threshold Concepts in TESOL: A Thematic Analysis of Disciplinary Guiding Principles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Morgan">Neil Morgan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The notion of Threshold Concepts has offered a fertile new perspective on the transformative effects of mastery of particular concepts on student understanding of subject matter and their developing identities as inductees into disciplinary discourse communities. Only by successfully traversing key knowledge thresholds, it is claimed, can neophytes gain access to the more sophisticated understandings of subject matter possessed by mature members of a discipline. This paper uses thematic analysis of disciplinary guiding principles to identify nine candidate Threshold Concepts that appear to underpin effective TESOL practice. The relationship between these candidate TESOL Threshold Concepts, TESOL principles, and TESOL instructional techniques appears to be amenable to a schematic representation based on superordinate categories of TESOL practitioner concern and, as such, offers an alternative to the view of Threshold Concepts as a privileged subset of disciplinary core concepts. The paper concludes by exploring the potential of a Threshold Concepts framework to productively inform TESOL initial teacher education (ITE) and in-service education and training (INSET). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TESOL" title="TESOL">TESOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20concepts" title=" threshold concepts"> threshold concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TESOL%20principles" title=" TESOL principles"> TESOL principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TESOL%20ITE%2FINSET" title=" TESOL ITE/INSET"> TESOL ITE/INSET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20of%20practice" title=" community of practice"> community of practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127795/threshold-concepts-in-tesol-a-thematic-analysis-of-disciplinary-guiding-principles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">983</span> Criterion-Referenced Test Reliability through Threshold Loss Agreement: Fuzzy Logic Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Alavidoost">Mohammad Ali Alavidoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Bozorgian"> Hossein Bozorgian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standards. The reliability of such tests cannot be based on internal reliability. Threshold loss agreement is one way to calculate the reliability of CRTs. However, the selection of master and non-master in such agreement is determined by the threshold point. The problem is if the threshold point witnesses a minute change, the selection of master and non-master may have a drastic change, leading to the change in reliability results. Therefore, in this study, the Fuzzy logic approach is employed as a remedial procedure for data analysis to obviate the threshold point problem. Forty-one Iranian students were selected; the participants were all between 20 and 30 years old. A quantitative approach was used to address the research questions. In doing so, a quasi-experimental design was utilized since the selection of the participants was not randomized. Based on the Fuzzy logic approach, the threshold point would be more stable during the analysis, resulting in rather constant reliability results and more precise assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criterion-referenced%20tests" title="criterion-referenced tests">criterion-referenced tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20loss%20agreement" title=" threshold loss agreement"> threshold loss agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20point" title=" threshold point"> threshold point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20approach" title=" fuzzy logic approach"> fuzzy logic approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135929/criterion-referenced-test-reliability-through-threshold-loss-agreement-fuzzy-logic-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">982</span> The Impact of Temperature on the Threshold Capillary Pressure of Fine-Grained Shales </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Al-Bazali">Talal Al-Bazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohammad"> S. Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The threshold capillary pressure of shale caprocks is an important parameter in CO₂ storage modeling. A correct estimation of the threshold capillary pressure is not only essential for CO₂ storage modeling but also important to assess the overall economical and environmental impact of the design process. A standard step by step approach has to be used to measure the threshold capillary pressure of shale and non-wetting fluids at different temperatures. The objective of this work is to assess the impact of high temperature on the threshold capillary pressure of four different shales as they interacted with four different oil based muds, air, CO₂, N₂, and methane. This study shows that the threshold capillary pressure of shale and non-wetting fluid is highly impacted by temperature. An empirical correlation for the dependence of threshold capillary pressure on temperature when different shales interacted with oil based muds and gasses has been developed. This correlation shows that the threshold capillary pressure decreases exponentially as the temperature increases. In this correlation, an experimental constant (α) appears, and this constant may depend on the properties of shale and non-wetting fluid. The value for α factor was found to be higher for gasses than for oil based muds. This is consistent with our intuition since the interfacial tension for gasses is higher than those for oil based muds. The author believes that measured threshold capillary pressure at ambient temperature is misleading and could yield higher values than those encountered at in situ conditions. Therefore one must correct for the impact of temperature when measuring threshold capillary pressure of shale at ambient temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20pressure" title="capillary pressure">capillary pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale" title=" shale"> shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresshold" title=" thresshold"> thresshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65146/the-impact-of-temperature-on-the-threshold-capillary-pressure-of-fine-grained-shales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">981</span> Combined Localization, Beamforming, and Interference Threshold Estimation in Underlay Cognitive System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Nasr">Omar Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Naguib"> Yasser Naguib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hafez"> Mohamed Hafez </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at providing an innovative solution for blind interference threshold estimation in an underlay cognitive network to be used in adaptive beamforming by secondary user Transmitter and Receiver. For the task of threshold estimation, blind detection of modulation and SNR are used. For the sake of beamforming several localization algorithms are compared to settle on best one for cognitive environment. Beamforming algorithms as LCMV (Linear Constraint Minimum Variance) and MVDR (Minimum Variance Distortion less) are also proposed and compared. The idea of just nulling the primary user after knowledge of its location is discussed against the idea of working under interference threshold. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underlay" title=" underlay"> underlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beamforming" title=" beamforming"> beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MUSIC" title=" MUSIC"> MUSIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MVDR" title=" MVDR"> MVDR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCMV" title=" LCMV"> LCMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20estimation" title=" threshold estimation"> threshold estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17541/combined-localization-beamforming-and-interference-threshold-estimation-in-underlay-cognitive-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">980</span> Visibility of the Borders of the Mandibular Canal: A Comparative in Vitro Study Using Digital Panoramic Radiography, Reformatted Panoramic Radiography and Cross Sectional Cone Beam Computed Tomography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keerthilatha%20Pai">Keerthilatha Pai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakshi%20Kamra"> Sakshi Kamra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Determining the position of the mandibular canal prior to implant placement and surgeries of the posterior mandible are important to avoid the nerve injury. The visibility of the mandibular canal varies according to the imaging modality. Although panoramic radiography is the most common, slowly cone beam computed tomography is replacing it. This study was conducted with an aim to determine and compare the visibility of superior and inferior borders of the mandibular canal in digital panoramic radiograph, reformatted panoramic radiograph and cross-sectional images of cone beam computed tomography. Study design: digital panoramic, reformatted panoramic radiograph and cross sectional CBCT images of 25 human mandibles were evaluated for the visibility of the superior and inferior borders of the mandibular canal according to a 5 point scoring criteria. Also, the canal was evaluated as completely visible, partially visible and not visible. The mean scores and visibility percentage of all the imaging modalities were determined and compared. The interobserver and intraobserver agreement in the visualization of the superior and inferior borders of the mandibular canal were determined. Results: The superior and inferior borders of the mandibular canal were completely visible in 47% of the samples in digital panoramic, 63% in reformatted panoramic and 75.6% in CBCT cross-sectional images. The mandibular canal was invisible in 24% of samples in digital panoramic, 19% in reformatted panoramic and 2% in cross-sectional CBCT images. Maximum visibility was seen in Zone 5 and least visibility in Zone 1. On comparison of all the imaging modalities, CBCT cross-sectional images showed better visibility of superior border in Zones 2,3,4,6 and inferior border in Zones 2,3,4,6. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: CBCT cross-sectional images were much superior in the visualization of the mandibular canal in comparison to reformatted and digital panoramic radiographs. The inferior border was better visualized in comparison to the superior border in digital panoramic imaging. The mandibular canal was maximumly visible in posterior one-third region of the mandible and the visibility decreased towards the mental foramen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20beam%20computed%20tomography" title="cone beam computed tomography">cone beam computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandibular%20canal" title=" mandibular canal"> mandibular canal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reformatted%20panoramic%20radiograph" title=" reformatted panoramic radiograph"> reformatted panoramic radiograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108093/visibility-of-the-borders-of-the-mandibular-canal-a-comparative-in-vitro-study-using-digital-panoramic-radiography-reformatted-panoramic-radiography-and-cross-sectional-cone-beam-computed-tomography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">979</span> The Importance of Downstream Supply Chain in Supply Chain Risk Management: Multi-Objective Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohreh%20Khojasteh-Ghamari">Zohreh Khojasteh-Ghamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Irohara"> Takashi Irohara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the efficient ways in supply chain risk management is avoiding the interruption in Supply Chain (SC) before it occurs. Although the majority of the organizations focus on their first-tier suppliers to avoid risk in the SC, studies show that in only 60 percent of the disruption cases the reason is first tier suppliers. In the 40 percent of the SC disruptions, the reason is downstream SC, which is the second tier and lower. Due to the increasing complexity and interrelation of modern supply chains, the SC elements have become difficult to trace. Moreover, studies show that there is a vital need to better understand the integration of risk and visibility, especially in the context of multiple objectives. In this study, we propose a multi-objective programming model to avoid disruption in SC. The objective of this study is evaluating the effect of downstream SCV on managing supply chain risk. We propose a multi-objective mathematical programming model with the objective functions of minimizing the total cost and maximizing the downstream supply chain visibility (SCV). The decision variable is supplier selection. We assume there are several manufacturers and several candidate suppliers. For each manufacturer, our model proposes the best suppliers with the lowest cost and maximum visibility in downstream supply chain. We examine the applicability of the model by numerical examples. We also define several scenarios for datasets and observe the tendency. The results show that minimum visibility in downstream SC is needed to have a safe SC network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downstream%20supply%20chain" title="downstream supply chain">downstream supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20risk" title=" supply chain risk"> supply chain risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20visibility" title=" supply chain visibility"> supply chain visibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90972/the-importance-of-downstream-supply-chain-in-supply-chain-risk-management-multi-objective-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">978</span> Music of the Openings’ Japanese Animes as a Tool for People with Reduced Visibility: The Case of Shingeki No Kyojin (Attack on Titan)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Del%20Carmen%20Baena%20Lupi%C3%A1%C3%B1ez">María Del Carmen Baena Lupiáñez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music has been considered for decades as a tool to express emotions. In the case of people with some physical disabilities, they are able to develop what is known as echolocation. It means that the development of some of the senses to compensate the lack of one of them. For instance, it has been proved that people with reduced visibility have a more developed hearing capacity. In series or films, music is fundamental to contextualize the viewer in the story. Music becomes an indispensable element to make people with reduced visibility to understand the plot and to avoid ambiguities, in the absence of an audio description. Since the songs of Japanese animes have not been as studied as other soundtracks from this point of view to our knowledge, the three openings of the anime Shingeki no Kyojin have been chosen to carry out the experiment from which this study will start. It will test the perceptions of people with reduced visibility by reproducing the three opening songs of Shingeki no Kyojin and asking the users questions related to their thoughts about the anime, their feelings when listening to these songs and the possible story that this anime could be about. In fact, users could identify in general the plot of the story and their perceptions corresponded to what the songs should transmit, taking into account its chords and harmonies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anime" title="anime">anime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumental%20contextualization" title=" argumental contextualization"> argumental contextualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echolocations" title=" echolocations"> echolocations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83419/music-of-the-openings-japanese-animes-as-a-tool-for-people-with-reduced-visibility-the-case-of-shingeki-no-kyojin-attack-on-titan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">977</span> Threshold (K, P) Quantum Distillation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashank%20Gupta">Shashank Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Cid"> Carlos Cid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20John%20Munro"> William John Munro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantum distillation is the task of concentrating quantum correlations present in N imperfect copies to M perfect copies (M < N) using free operations by involving all P the parties sharing the quantum correlation. We present a threshold quantum distillation task where the same objective is achieved but using lesser number of parties (K < P). In particular, we give an exact local filtering operations by the participating parties sharing high dimension multipartite entangled state to distill the perfect quantum correlation. Later, we bridge a connection between threshold quantum entanglement distillation and quantum steering distillation and show that threshold distillation might work in the scenario where general distillation protocol like DEJMPS does not work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20networks" title="quantum networks">quantum networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20distillation" title=" quantum distillation"> quantum distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20key%20distribution" title=" quantum key distribution"> quantum key distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entanglement%20distillation" title=" entanglement distillation"> entanglement distillation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186155/threshold-k-p-quantum-distillation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">976</span> Towards the Unification of Hijri Calendar: A Study in the Application of Hilal Visibility Criteria According to the Agreement of Four Religious Ministers in Southeast Asia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Mufid">Abdul Mufid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to integrate hadith, astronomy, and sociology studies in studying the accelerated implementation of the unification of the Hijri calendar through a multidisciplinary approach. The Hijri calendar is compiled based on the astronomical phenomena of regular movements of the earth, moon, and sun. Meanwhile, for the implementation of worship, the Hijri calendar must refer to the provisions of Islamic law or fiqh. To set the Hijri calendar, agreement on the criteria for the visibility of the new moon (first crescent), date limits, and absolute authority is required. Agreement on visibility criteria requires a valid basis for astronomical studies. Agreement on territorial boundaries is necessary because our earth is round, and the new moon cannot be observed simultaneously. And the agreement of the authorities is also needed to resolve unavoidable differences, especially differences in the appearance of the new moon and differences in schools of thought. The research is based on astronomical data, the experiences of Indonesia and Islamic countries regarding the Hijri calendar, in-depth and focused interviews with various sources, as well as a review of hadith literature. The results of the study show that the implementation of the unification of the Hijri calendar through the three approaches above can be carried out and can be accelerated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calendar%20unification" title="calendar unification">calendar unification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20moon%20%28hilal%29%20visibility" title=" new moon (hilal) visibility"> new moon (hilal) visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20approach" title=" multidisciplinary approach"> multidisciplinary approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20unity%20of%20the%20Muslims" title=" the unity of the Muslims"> the unity of the Muslims</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160044/towards-the-unification-of-hijri-calendar-a-study-in-the-application-of-hilal-visibility-criteria-according-to-the-agreement-of-four-religious-ministers-in-southeast-asia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">975</span> Accessibility and Visibility through Space Syntax Analysis of the Linga Raj Temple in Odisha, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pramanik">S. Pramanik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the early ages, the Hindu temples have been interpreted through various <em>Vedic</em> philosophies. These temples are visited by pilgrims which demonstrate the rituals and religious belief of communities, reflecting a variety of actions and behaviors. <em>Darsana</em><em>—</em> a direct seeing, is a part of the pilgrimage activity. During the process of <em>Darsana, </em>a devotee is prepared for entry in the temple to realize the cognizing Truth culminating in visualizing the idol of God, placed at the <em>Garbhagriha</em> (sanctum sanctorum). For this, the pilgrim must pass through a sequential arrangement of spaces. During the process of progress, the pilgrims visualize the spaces differently from various points of views. The viewpoints create a variety of spatial patterns in the minds of pilgrims coherent to the Hindu philosophies. The space organization and its order are perceived by various techniques of spatial analysis. A temple, as examples of <em>Kalinga</em> stylistic variations, has been chosen for the study. This paper intends to demonstrate some visual patterns generated during the process of <em>Darsana</em> (visibility) and its accessibility by Point Isovist Studies and Visibility Graph Analysis from the entrance (<em>Simha Dwara) </em>to The Sanctum sanctorum<em> (Garbhagriha</em>). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hindu%20temple%20architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20isovist" title=" point isovist"> point isovist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20syntax%20analysis" title=" space syntax analysis"> space syntax analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20graph%20analysis" title=" visibility graph analysis"> visibility graph analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112407/accessibility-and-visibility-through-space-syntax-analysis-of-the-linga-raj-temple-in-odisha-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">974</span> Visibility Measurements Using a Novel Open-Path Optical Extinction Analyzer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Saad">Nabil Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Morgan"> David Morgan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Gupta"> Manish Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visibility has become a key component of air quality and is regulated in many areas by environmental laws such as the EPA Clean Air Act and Regional Haze Rule. Typically, visibility is calculated by estimating the optical absorption and scattering of both gases and aerosols. A major component of the aerosols’ climatic effect is due to their scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which are governed by their optical and physical properties. However, the accurate assessment of this effect on global warming, climate change, and air quality is made difficult due to uncertainties in the calculation of single scattering albedo (SSA). Experimental complications arise in the determination of the single scattering albedo of an aerosol particle since it requires the simultaneous measurement of both scattering and extinction. In fact, aerosol optical absorption, in particular, is a difficult measurement to perform, and it’s often associated with large uncertainties when using filter methods or difference methods. In this presentation, we demonstrate the use of a new open-path Optical Extinction Analyzer (OEA) in conjunction with a nephelometer and two particle sizers, emphasizing the benefits that co-employment of the OEA offers to derive the complex refractive index of aerosols and their single scattering albedo parameter. Various use cases, data reproducibility, and instrument calibration will also be presented to highlight the value proposition of this novel Open-Path OEA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosols" title="aerosols">aerosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extinction" title=" extinction"> extinction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility" title=" visibility"> visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albedo" title=" albedo"> albedo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161634/visibility-measurements-using-a-novel-open-path-optical-extinction-analyzer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">973</span> Multi-Objective Optimal Threshold Selection for Similarity Functions in Siamese Networks for Semantic Textual Similarity Tasks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriuk%20Boris">Kriuk Boris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriuk%20Fedor"> Kriuk Fedor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative study of fundamental similarity functions for Siamese networks in semantic textual similarity (STS) tasks. We evaluate various similarity functions using the STS Benchmark dataset, analyzing their performance and stability. Additionally, we introduce a multi-objective approach for optimal threshold selection. Our findings provide insights into the effectiveness of different similarity functions and offer a straightforward method for threshold selection optimization, contributing to the advancement of Siamese network architectures in STS applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siamese%20networks" title="siamese networks">siamese networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20textual%20similarity" title=" semantic textual similarity"> semantic textual similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20functions" title=" similarity functions"> similarity functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STS%20benchmark%20dataset" title=" STS benchmark dataset"> STS benchmark dataset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20selection" title=" threshold selection"> threshold selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187407/multi-objective-optimal-threshold-selection-for-similarity-functions-in-siamese-networks-for-semantic-textual-similarity-tasks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">972</span> Investigation of Factors Affecting the Total Ionizing Dose Threshold of Electrically Erasable Read Only Memories for Use in Dose Rate Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liqian%20Li">Liqian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Liu"> Yu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Colins"> Karen Colins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dose rate present in a seriously contaminated area can be indirectly determined by monitoring radiation damage to inexpensive commercial electronics, instead of deploying expensive radiation hardened sensors. EEPROMs (Electrically Erasable Read Only Memories) are a good candidate for this purpose because they are inexpensive and are sensitive to radiation exposure. When the total ionizing dose threshold is reached, an EEPROM chip will show signs of damage that can be monitored and transmitted by less susceptible electronics. The dose rate can then be determined from the known threshold dose and the exposure time, assuming the radiation field remains constant with time. Therefore, the threshold dose needs to be well understood before this method can be used. There are many factors affecting the threshold dose, such as the gamma ray energy spectrum, the operating voltage, etc. The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine how the threshold dose depends on dose rate, temperature, voltage, and duty factor. It was found that the duty factor has the strongest effect on the total ionizing dose threshold, while the effect of the other three factors that were investigated is less significant. The effect of temperature was found to be opposite to that expected to result from annealing and is yet to be understood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionizing%20radiation" title=" ionizing radiation"> ionizing radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20effects%20on%20electronics" title=" radiation effects on electronics"> radiation effects on electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20ionizing%20dose" title=" total ionizing dose"> total ionizing dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77107/investigation-of-factors-affecting-the-total-ionizing-dose-threshold-of-electrically-erasable-read-only-memories-for-use-in-dose-rate-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">971</span> A New Tool for Global Optimization Problems: Cuttlefish Algorithm </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Sabry%20Eesa">Adel Sabry Eesa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Mohsin%20Abdulazeez%20Brifcani"> Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez Brifcani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Orman"> Zeynep Orman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new meta-heuristic bio-inspired optimization algorithm which is called Cuttlefish Algorithm (CFA). The algorithm mimics the mechanism of color changing behavior of the cuttlefish to solve numerical global optimization problems. The colors and patterns of the cuttlefish are produced by reflected light from three different layers of cells. The proposed algorithm considers mainly two processes: reflection and visibility. Reflection process simulates light reflection mechanism used by these layers, while visibility process simulates visibility of matching patterns of the cuttlefish. To show the effectiveness of the algorithm, it is tested with some other popular bio-inspired optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bees Algorithm (BA) that have been previously proposed in the literature. Simulations and obtained results indicate that the proposed CFA is superior when compared with these algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuttlefish%20Algorithm" title="Cuttlefish Algorithm">Cuttlefish Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-inspired%20algorithms" title=" bio-inspired algorithms"> bio-inspired algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20optimization%20problems" title=" global optimization problems"> global optimization problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11956/a-new-tool-for-global-optimization-problems-cuttlefish-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">970</span> Investigation of Threshold Voltage Shift in Gamma Irradiated N-Channel and P-Channel MOS Transistors of CD4007</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Boorboor">S. Boorboor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20H.%20Feghhi"> S. A. H. Feghhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jafari"> H. Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ionizing radiations cause different kinds of damages in electronic components. MOSFETs, most common transistors in today’s digital and analog circuits, are severely sensitive to TID damage. In this work, the threshold voltage shift of CD4007 device, which is an integrated circuit including P-channel and N-channel MOS transistors, was investigated for low dose gamma irradiation under different gate bias voltages. We used linear extrapolation method to extract threshold voltage from I<sub>D</sub>-V<sub>G</sub> characteristic curve. The results showed that the threshold voltage shift was approximately 27.5 mV/Gy for N-channel and 3.5 mV/Gy for P-channel transistors at the gate bias of |9 V| after irradiation by Co-60 gamma ray source. Although the sensitivity of the devices under test were strongly dependent to biasing condition and transistor type, the threshold voltage shifted linearly versus accumulated dose in all cases. The overall results show that the application of CD4007 as an electronic buffer in a radiation therapy system is limited by TID damage. However, this integrated circuit can be used as a cheap and sensitive radiation dosimeter for accumulated dose measurement in radiation therapy systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20voltage%20shift" title="threshold voltage shift">threshold voltage shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOS%20transistor" title=" MOS transistor"> MOS transistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20extrapolation" title=" linear extrapolation"> linear extrapolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55355/investigation-of-threshold-voltage-shift-in-gamma-irradiated-n-channel-and-p-channel-mos-transistors-of-cd4007" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">969</span> Threshold Competency of Students in Graduate School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terada%20Pinyo">Terada Pinyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is the survey research, designed to find out the threshold competency of graduate students in terms of knowledge excellency and professional skills proficiency based on Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education (TQF). The sample group consisted of 240 students. The results were collected by stratified sampling, using study programs for each stage. The results were analysed and calculated by computer program. Statistics used during analysing were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. From the study, the threshold competency of graduate students were in very high score range in both overall and specific category. The top category which received the most score was interpersonal skills and responsibility, following by ethics and morality, knowledge and skills, and numerical communication and information technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20competency" title="threshold competency">threshold competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20qualifications%20framework%20for%20higher%20education" title=" Thai qualifications framework for higher education"> Thai qualifications framework for higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graduate%20school" title=" graduate school"> graduate school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5476/threshold-competency-of-students-in-graduate-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">968</span> Dominant Correlation Effects in Atomic Spectra</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hubert%20Klar">Hubert Klar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High double excitation of two-electron atoms has been investigated using hyperpherical coordinates within a modified adiabatic expansion technique. This modification creates a novel fictitious force leading to a spontaneous exchange symmetry breaking at high double excitation. The Pauli principle must therefore be regarded as approximation valid only at low excitation energy. Threshold electron scattering from high Rydberg states shows an unexpected time reversal symmetry breaking. At threshold for double escape we discover a broad (few eV) Cooper pair. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title="correlation">correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonances" title=" resonances"> resonances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20ionization" title=" threshold ionization"> threshold ionization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cooper%20pair" title=" Cooper pair"> Cooper pair</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42435/dominant-correlation-effects-in-atomic-spectra" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">967</span> Automatic Adjustment of Thresholds via Closed-Loop Feedback Mechanism for Solder Paste Inspection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chen%20Wei">Chia-Chen Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pack%20Hsieh"> Pack Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20Chen"> Jeffrey Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface Mount Technology (SMT) is widely used in the area of the electronic assembly in which the electronic components are mounted to the surface of the printed circuit board (PCB). Most of the defects in the SMT process are mainly related to the quality of solder paste printing. These defects lead to considerable manufacturing costs in the electronics assembly industry. Therefore, the solder paste inspection (SPI) machine for controlling and monitoring the amount of solder paste printing has become an important part of the production process. So far, the setting of the SPI threshold is based on statistical analysis and experts’ experiences to determine the appropriate threshold settings. Because the production data are not normal distribution and there are various variations in the production processes, defects related to solder paste printing still occur. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an online machine learning algorithm, called the automatic threshold adjustment (ATA) algorithm, and closed-loop architecture in the SMT process to determine the best threshold settings. Simulation experiments prove that our proposed threshold settings improve the accuracy from 99.85% to 100%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20analytics" title="big data analytics">big data analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Industry%204.0" title=" Industry 4.0"> Industry 4.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPI%20threshold%20setting" title=" SPI threshold setting"> SPI threshold setting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20mount%20technology" title=" surface mount technology"> surface mount technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114158/automatic-adjustment-of-thresholds-via-closed-loop-feedback-mechanism-for-solder-paste-inspection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">966</span> Continuous Measurement of Spatial Exposure Based on Visual Perception in Three-Dimensional Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanjiang%20Chen">Nanjiang Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the backdrop of expanding urban landscapes, accurately assessing spatial openness is critical. Traditional visibility analysis methods grapple with discretization errors and inefficiencies, creating a gap in truly capturing the human experi-ence of space. Addressing these gaps, this paper introduces a distinct continuous visibility algorithm, a leap in measuring urban spaces from a human-centric per-spective. This study presents a methodological breakthrough by applying this algorithm to urban visibility analysis. Unlike conventional approaches, this tech-nique allows for a continuous range of visibility assessment, closely mirroring hu-man visual perception. By eliminating the need for predefined subdivisions in ray casting, it offers a more accurate and efficient tool for urban planners and architects. The proposed algorithm not only reduces computational errors but also demonstrates faster processing capabilities, validated through a case study in Bei-jing's urban setting. Its key distinction lies in its potential to benefit a broad spec-trum of stakeholders, ranging from urban developers to public policymakers, aid-ing in the creation of urban spaces that prioritize visual openness and quality of life. This advancement in urban analysis methods could lead to more inclusive, comfortable, and well-integrated urban environments, enhancing the spatial experience for communities worldwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20openness" title="visual openness">visual openness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20continuity" title=" spatial continuity"> spatial continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ray-tracing%20algorithms" title=" ray-tracing algorithms"> ray-tracing algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20computation" title=" urban computation"> urban computation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186031/continuous-measurement-of-spatial-exposure-based-on-visual-perception-in-three-dimensional-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">965</span> Beyond Geometry: The Importance of Surface Properties in Space Syntax Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Opperer">Christoph Opperer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space syntax is a theory and method for analyzing the spatial layout of buildings and urban environments to understand how they can influence patterns of human movement, social interaction, and behavior. While direct visibility is a key factor in space syntax research, important visual information such as light, color, texture, etc., are typically not considered, even though psychological studies have shown a strong correlation to the human perceptual experience within physical space – with light and color, for example, playing a crucial role in shaping the perception of spaciousness. Furthermore, these surface properties are often the visual features that are most salient and responsible for drawing attention to certain elements within the environment. This paper explores the potential of integrating these factors into general space syntax methods and visibility-based analysis of space, particularly for architectural spatial layouts. To this end, we use a combination of geometric (isovist) and topological (visibility graph) approaches together with image-based methods, allowing a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between spatial geometry, visual aesthetics, and human experience. Custom-coded ray-tracing techniques are employed to generate spherical panorama images, encoding three-dimensional spatial data in the form of two-dimensional images. These images are then processed through computer vision algorithms to generate saliency-maps, which serve as a visual representation of areas most likely to attract human attention based on their visual properties. The maps are subsequently used to weight the vertices of isovists and the visibility graph, placing greater emphasis on areas with high saliency. Compared to traditional methods, our weighted visibility analysis introduces an additional layer of information density by assigning different weights or importance levels to various aspects within the field of view. This extends general space syntax measures to provide a more nuanced understanding of visibility patterns that better reflect the dynamics of human attention and perception. Furthermore, by drawing parallels to traditional isovist and VGA analysis, our weighted approach emphasizes a crucial distinction, which has been pointed out by Ervin and Steinitz: the difference between what is possible to see and what is likely to be seen. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the importance of including surface properties in visibility-based analysis to gain deeper insights into how people interact with their surroundings and to establish a stronger connection with human attention and perception. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20syntax" title="space syntax">space syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20analysis" title=" visibility analysis"> visibility analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isovist" title=" isovist"> isovist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20graph" title=" visibility graph"> visibility graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20features" title=" visual features"> visual features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20perception" title=" human perception"> human perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saliency%20detection" title=" saliency detection"> saliency detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raytracing" title=" raytracing"> raytracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20images" title=" spherical images"> spherical images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170564/beyond-geometry-the-importance-of-surface-properties-in-space-syntax-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">964</span> 4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20Pacheco-Ruiz">Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Adams"> Jonathan Adams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Pedrotti"> Felix Pedrotti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the applicability of underwater photogrammetric survey within challenging conditions as the main tool to enhance and enrich the process of documenting archaeological excavation through the creation of 4D models. Photogrammetry was being attempted on underwater archaeological sites at least as early as the 1970s’ and today the production of traditional 3D models is becoming a common practice within the discipline. Photogrammetry underwater is more often implemented to record exposed underwater archaeological remains and less so as a dynamic interpretative tool.  Therefore, it tends to be applied in bright environments and when underwater visibility is > 1m, reducing its implementation on most submerged archaeological sites in more turbid conditions. Recent years have seen significant development of better digital photographic sensors and the improvement of optical technology, ideal for darker environments. Such developments, in tandem with powerful processing computing systems, have allowed underwater photogrammetry to be used by this research as a standard recording and interpretative tool. Using multi-source photogrammetry (5, GoPro5 Hero Black cameras) this paper presents the accumulation of daily (4D) underwater surveys carried out in the Early Bronze Age (3,300 BC) to Late Ottoman (17th Century AD) archaeological site of Ropotamo in the Bulgarian Black Sea under challenging conditions (< 0.5m visibility). It proves that underwater photogrammetry can and should be used as one of the main recording methods even in low light and poor underwater conditions as a way to better understand the complexity of the underwater archaeological record. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4D%20modelling" title="4D modelling">4D modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Black%20Sea%20Maritime%20Archaeology%20Project" title=" Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project"> Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-source%20photogrammetry" title=" multi-source photogrammetry"> multi-source photogrammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20visibility%20underwater%20survey" title=" low visibility underwater survey"> low visibility underwater survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77593/4d-modelling-of-low-visibility-underwater-archaeological-excavations-using-multi-source-photogrammetry-in-the-bulgarian-black-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">963</span> Multiple Fusion Based Single Image Dehazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joe%20Amalraj">Joe Amalraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Arunkumar"> M. Arunkumar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Haze is an atmospheric phenomenon that signicantly degrades the visibility of outdoor scenes. This is mainly due to the atmosphere particles that absorb and scatter the light. This paper introduces a novel single image approach that enhances the visibility of such degraded images. In this method is a fusion-based strategy that derives from two original hazy image inputs by applying a white balance and a contrast enhancing procedure. To blend effectively the information of the derived inputs to preserve the regions with good visibility, we filter their important features by computing three measures (weight maps): luminance, chromaticity, and saliency. To minimize artifacts introduced by the weight maps, our approach is designed in a multiscale fashion, using a Laplacian pyramid representation. This paper demonstrates the utility and effectiveness of a fusion-based technique for de-hazing based on a single degraded image. The method performs in a per-pixel fashion, which is straightforward to implement. The experimental results demonstrate that the method yields results comparative to and even better than the more complex state-of-the-art techniques, having the advantage of being appropriate for real-time applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20image%20de-hazing" title="single image de-hazing">single image de-hazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20images" title=" outdoor images"> outdoor images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancing" title=" enhancing"> enhancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSP" title=" DSP"> DSP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38475/multiple-fusion-based-single-image-dehazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20threshold&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20threshold&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20threshold&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility%20threshold&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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