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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Coat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Colour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Temperament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musculoskeletal_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musculoskeletal_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Musculoskeletal conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musculoskeletal_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ophthalmological_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ophthalmological_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ophthalmological conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ophthalmological_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurological_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurological_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Neurological conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurological_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neoplasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neoplasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Neoplasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neoplasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leonberger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонбергер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Леонбергер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="لئونبرگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئونبرگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberg_(chien)" title="Leonberg (chien) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leonberg (chien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leoinbeirgeach" title="Leoinbeirgeach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leoinbeirgeach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A8%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B1%B0" title="레온베르거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레온베르거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლეონბერგერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლეონბერგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonbergeris" title="Leonbergeris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Leonbergeris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонбергер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Леонбергер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ليونبيرجير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليونبيرجير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing_Leonberg" title="Anjing Leonberg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anjing Leonberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="レオンベルガー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レオンベルガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="لیونبرگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیونبرگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонбергер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Леонбергер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberginkoira" title="Leonberginkoira – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leonberginkoira" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонбергер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Леонбергер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3_Leonberger" title="Chó Leonberger – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chó Leonberger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38487#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leonberger" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Leonberger</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonberger_male.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Leonberger_male.jpg/220px-Leonberger_male.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Leonberger_male.jpg/330px-Leonberger_male.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Leonberger_male.jpg/440px-Leonberger_male.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Common nicknames</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Traits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 72–80 cm (28–31 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 65–75 cm (26–30 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> Long and coarse with mane on neck and chest and feathering on extremities</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> Yellow, red, reddish brown or sandy including all combinations in between, with a black mask</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kennel club standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Verband_f%C3%BCr_das_Deutsche_Hundewesen" title="Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen">VDH</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vdh.de/welpen/mein-welpe/leonberger">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/145g02-en.pdf">standard</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4; color:inherit;"><span class="vernacular">Dog</span> (<span class="trinominal"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Leonberger</b> is a giant <a href="/wiki/Dog_breed" title="Dog breed">dog breed</a>, whose name derives from the city of <a href="/wiki/Leonberg" title="Leonberg">Leonberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance">Appearance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This breed has a thick and dense double <a href="/wiki/Coat_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (dog)">coat</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; the Leonberger is a large, muscular, and elegant dog with balanced body type, medium temperament, and dramatic presence.<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head is adorned with a striking <a href="/wiki/Melanistic_mask" title="Melanistic mask">black mask</a>. Remaining true to their early roots as a capable family and <a href="/wiki/Working_dog" title="Working dog">working dog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Search-and-rescue_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Search-and-rescue dog">search-and-rescue dog</a> (particularly water), the surprisingly agile Leonberger is sound and coordinated, with both strength in bearing and elegance in movement. A <a href="/wiki/Sexually_dimorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually dimorphic">sexually dimorphic</a> breed, the Leonberger possesses either a strongly masculine or elegantly feminine form, making gender immediately discernible.<sup id="cite_ref-PJ1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> The breed has <a href="/wiki/Webbed_foot" title="Webbed foot">webbed paws</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugnetti_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugnetti-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size,_proportion,_and_substance"><span id="Size.2C_proportion.2C_and_substance"></span>Size, proportion, and substance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Size, proportion, and substance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonberger-Moyra-of-Usquebaugh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Leonberger-Moyra-of-Usquebaugh.jpg/220px-Leonberger-Moyra-of-Usquebaugh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Leonberger-Moyra-of-Usquebaugh.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Leonberger female</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Height at <a href="/wiki/Withers" title="Withers">withers</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li>Male: 71–80 cm (28–31 in), average 75 cm (30 in) <sup id="cite_ref-PJ1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-akc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Female: 65–75 cm (26–30 in), average 70 cm (28 in) <sup id="cite_ref-PJ1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-akc_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Weight:</b> </p> <ul><li>Males: 120–170 lb (54–77 kg), average 145 lb (66 kg)</li> <li>Females: 100–135 lb (45–61 kg), average 115 lb (52 kg)</li></ul> <p>Capable of demanding work, the Leonberger is a dog of ample substance. Its frame is supported with well-muscled, medium to heavy bone in direct proportion to its size. A roomy chest is sufficiently broad and deep for the purpose of work. Seen in profile, the chest curves inward from the prosternum, tangentially joins at the elbow to its underline at 50% of the <a href="/wiki/Withers" title="Withers">withers</a>' height, and then continues slightly upward toward the <a href="/wiki/Stifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Stifle">stifle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-akc_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head">Head</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The head is well balanced in proportion to the size of the dog and is deeper than broad with the length of muzzle and the length of skull roughly equal. With close-fitting eyelids, the eyes are set into the skull upon a slight oblique; the eyes are medium-sized, almond-shaped, and colored dark brown. The ears are fleshy, moderately sized, and pendant-shaped, with sufficient substance to hang close to the skull and drop the tip of the ears level with the inside corners of the mouth. The Leonberger's ears rise from halfway between the eye and the top of the skull to level with the top of the skull. Though level bites and slight anomalies not affecting the robustness of the lower jaw are common, the ideal Leonberger possesses a strong scissor bite with full dentition.<sup id="cite_ref-akc_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat">Coat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both a necessity for work and a defining attribute of the breed, the Leonberger has a dense water-resistant long double coat on the body that is complemented by the shorter, fine hair on the muzzle and limbs. The long, profuse, outer coat is durable, relatively straight, lies flat, and fits close. A mature, masculine Leonberger exhibits a pronounced mane. Similarly, his tail is very well furnished from the tip to the base where it blends harmoniously with the breech's furnishings. Climate permitting, his undercoat is soft and dense. Apart from a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neaten#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:neaten">neatening</a> of the feet, the Leonberger is presented untrimmed. These dogs are ill-suited to hot climates.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugnetti_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugnetti-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colour">Colour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Colour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sand-coloured_Leonberger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sand-coloured_Leonberger.jpg/220px-Sand-coloured_Leonberger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sand-coloured_Leonberger.jpg/330px-Sand-coloured_Leonberger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sand-coloured_Leonberger.jpg/440px-Sand-coloured_Leonberger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A female sand-colored Leonberger</figcaption></figure> <p>Several coat colours are acceptable, including all combinations of lion-yellow, red, red-brown, and sand.<sup id="cite_ref-akc_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nose leather, foot pads, and lips should always be black. Faulty colours include brown with brown nose leather, black and tan, black, white, or silver, and eyes without any brown. A small patch of white on the chest or toes is permitted.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperament">Temperament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Temperament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First and foremost a family dog, the Leonberger's temperament is one of its most important and distinguishing characteristics. Well socialized and trained, the Leonberger is self-assured, insensitive to noise, submissive to family members, friendly toward children, well composed with passersby, and self-disciplined when obliging its family or property with protection. Robust, loyal, intelligent, playful, and kindly, they can thus be taken anywhere without difficulty and adjust easily to a variety of circumstances, including the introduction of other dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-PJ1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proper control and early socialization and training are essential, as this is a giant breed. </p><p>"This is an outstanding <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_rescue_dog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water rescue dog (page does not exist)">water rescue dog</a>. Only a short period of training it needed to augment its natural instincts." Its double-layered waterproof coat traps air and aids in <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyancy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Webbed_feet" class="mw-redirect" title="Webbed feet">Webs</a> between the toes make for a powerful swimmer.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugnetti_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugnetti-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 10 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">crossbreeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2015 French study found a life expectancy of 8.75 years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found 74% of Leonbergers died by the age of 10, higher than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An analysis of Leonberger pedigree found an <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Inbreeding coefficient">inbreeding coefficient</a> of 0.29 with just 22 founding dogs. From 1989 to 2004 the life expectancy dropped from 9.4 years to 7.7 years. Almost half suffered from at least one health condition and 21.5% suffered from <a href="/wiki/Neoplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplasia">neoplasia</a>. The next most common group of conditions were <a href="/wiki/Orthopaedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopaedic">orthopaedic</a> and neurological at 15.8% and 14.8% respectively. The most common individual conditions were <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyneuropathy" title="Polyneuropathy">polyneuropathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism_in_dogs" title="Hypothyroidism in dogs">hypothyroidism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastric_torsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric torsion">gastric torsion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dilated_cardiomyopathy" title="Dilated cardiomyopathy">dilated cardiomyopathy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-letko_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letko-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musculoskeletal_conditions">Musculoskeletal conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Musculoskeletal conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Norwegian study found 25% of Leonbergers had <a href="/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip dysplasia (canine)">hip dysplasia</a> after 18 months of age.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ophthalmological_conditions">Ophthalmological conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ophthalmological conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study in the UK identified cataracts in 90 out of 211 Leonbergers surveyed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neurological_conditions">Neurological conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Neurological conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study found a high prevalence of neurological conditions in the Leonberger, which is likely due in large part to limited genetic diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-letko_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letko-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiple <a href="/wiki/Hereditary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary">hereditary</a> forms of <a href="/wiki/Polyneuropathy" title="Polyneuropathy">polyneuropathy</a> that are similar to the human disease <a href="/wiki/Charcot-Marie-Tooth" class="mw-redirect" title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth">Charcot-Marie-Tooth</a> have been described in the Leonberger. A study concluded the most likely causes are <a href="/wiki/Autosomal_dominant" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal dominant">autosomal dominant</a> variants in the <a href="/wiki/ARHGEF10" title="ARHGEF10">ARHGEF10</a> gene <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/GJA9" class="mw-redirect" title="GJA9">GJA9</a> gene,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an <a href="/wiki/Autosomal_recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal recessive">autosomal recessive</a> variant in the <a href="/wiki/CNTNAP1" class="mw-redirect" title="CNTNAP1">CNTNAP1</a> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another disease described in the breed is the juvenile-onset leukoencephalomyelopathy caused by an <a href="/wiki/Autosomal_recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal recessive">autosomal recessive</a> variant in the <a href="/wiki/NAPEPLD" class="mw-redirect" title="NAPEPLD">NAPEPLD</a> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neoplasia">Neoplasia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neoplasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Leonberger has a predisposition to <a href="/wiki/Hemangiosarcoma" title="Hemangiosarcoma">hemangiosarcoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osteosarcoma" title="Osteosarcoma">osteosarcoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-letko_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letko-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study in the UK of more than 900,000 dogs looking at the annual prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Osteosarcoma" title="Osteosarcoma">osteosarcoma</a> found the Leonberger to have the second highest rate, at 1.48%, compared to 0.037% overall.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Leonberg_B%C3%B6blingen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/DEU_Leonberg_B%C3%B6blingen_COA.svg/170px-DEU_Leonberg_B%C3%B6blingen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/DEU_Leonberg_B%C3%B6blingen_COA.svg/255px-DEU_Leonberg_B%C3%B6blingen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/DEU_Leonberg_B%C3%B6blingen_COA.svg/340px-DEU_Leonberg_B%C3%B6blingen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>The coat of arms of Leonberg</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1830s, Heinrich Essig, a dog breeder and seller and mayor of the town of <a href="/wiki/Leonberg" title="Leonberg">Leonberg</a> near <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, Germany, claimed to have created the Leonberger by crossing a female Landseer <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland (dog)">Newfoundland</a> with a "<a href="/wiki/Barry_(dog)" title="Barry (dog)">barry</a>" male from the <a href="/wiki/Great_St_Bernard_Hospice" title="Great St Bernard Hospice">Great St Bernard Hospice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a> (which would later create the <a href="/wiki/St._Bernard_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Bernard (dog)">Saint Bernard</a>). Later, according to Essig, a <a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Mountain_Dog" title="Pyrenean Mountain Dog">Pyrenean Mountain Dog</a> was added, resulting in very large dogs with the long, white coats that were the fashion for the time, and a pleasant temperament. The first dogs registered as Leonbergers were born in 1846 and had many of the prized qualities of the breeds from which they were derived.<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PJ1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legend is that the dogs were bred to be an homage of the <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">town crest</a><sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and coat-of-arms animal of Leonberg, the lion.<sup id="cite_ref-LHO1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LHO1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Leonberger dog became popular with several European royal households, including <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Elisabeth_of_Austria" title="Empress Elisabeth of Austria">Empress Elisabeth of Austria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Von_Bismarck" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Von Bismarck">Otto Von Bismarck</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Napoleon_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Napoleon III">Emperor Napoleon III</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a>. Essig's claim of breeding the dog as described is disputed. Records from as early as 1585 may indicate the existence of Leonberger-type dogs; documents dating from 1601 held by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Metternich" title="House of Metternich">Metternich</a> family describe similar dogs used to deter the theft of livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either way, no doubt exists that Essig named and registered the breed first. A black-and-white engraving of the Leonberger was included in <i>The Illustrated Book of the Dog</i> by Vero Shaw (at p. 488) in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Essig's Leonbergers were denounced as an indifferent knockoff of a St. Bernard—not a stable and recognized breed—and a product of a popular fad or fashion for large and strong dogs, fomented in part by Essig's prodigious marketing skills (he gave dogs to the rich and famous).<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shaw2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern look of the Leonberger, with darker coats and black masks, was developed during the latter part of the 20th century by reintroducing other breeds, such as the Newfoundland.<sup id="cite_ref-LHO1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LHO1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was necessary because breeding stocks of the Leonberger were seriously affected by the two world wars. Only five Leonbergers survived World War I<sup id="cite_ref-petins_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petins-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were bred until <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> when, again, almost all Leonbergers were lost. During the two world wars, Leonbergers were used to pull the ammunition carts, a service to the breed's country that resulted in the Leonbergers' near-destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-ML1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ML1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karl Stadelmann and Otto Josenhans are credited as the breed's saviors, bringing them back from almost extinction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leonbergers today can have their ancestry traced to the eight dogs that survived World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-petins_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petins-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, Leonbergers were kept as farm dogs and were much praised for their abilities in watchdog<sup id="cite_ref-Ontario_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ontario-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-canadaguide_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canadaguide-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leonberger_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonberger-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www1.nina.no_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www1.nina.no-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and draft work. They were frequently seen pulling carts around the villages of Bavaria and surrounding districts.<sup id="cite_ref-PJ1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> Around the beginning of the 20th century, Leonbergers were imported by the government of Canada for use as water rescue/<a href="/wiki/Lifesaving" title="Lifesaving">lifesaving</a> dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The breed continues in that role today, along with the <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland (dog)">Newfoundland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labrador_Retriever" title="Labrador Retriever">Labrador Retriever</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Retriever" title="Golden Retriever">Golden Retriever</a>; they are used at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_School_of_Canine_Lifeguard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian School of Canine Lifeguard (page does not exist)">Italian School of Canine Lifeguard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been used successfully as flock guard dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-Dohner2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dohner2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Leonberger received <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> recognition as a member of the Working Group<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AKCWorking_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCWorking-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on January 1, 2010, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Sheepdog" title="Icelandic Sheepdog">Icelandic Sheepdog</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cane_Corso" title="Cane Corso">Cane Corso</a>. It was the 167th breed to be recognized by the AKC.<sup id="cite_ref-AKCNews_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCNews-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime TV">Lifetime TV</a> movie <i><a href="/wiki/Grumpy_Cat%27s_Worst_Christmas_Ever" title="Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever">Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever</a></i> features a Leonberger that becomes a victim of a <a href="/wiki/Dognapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Dognapping">dognapping</a>, co-starring with the famous <a href="/wiki/Grumpy_Cat" title="Grumpy Cat">Grumpy Cat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the story <i>Murphy and the Great Surf Rescue</i> in Gill Lewis' <i>Puppy Academy</i> series of children's books, Murphy is a Leonberger puppy whose special skill is swimming.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The graphic <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music video</a> "<a href="/wiki/Deutschland_(song)" title="Deutschland (song)">Deutschland</a>" by German rock band <a href="/wiki/Rammstein" title="Rammstein">Rammstein</a> portrays the symbolic figure of <a href="/wiki/Germania_(personification)" title="Germania (personification)">Germania</a> giving birth to Leonberger puppies.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leonberger dogs are represented in many stamps from around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Norwegian author <a href="/wiki/Karin_Fossum" title="Karin Fossum">Karin Fossum</a>'s Inspector Sejer series, the title character has a Leonberger named Kollberg.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three Leonberger dogs<sup id="cite_ref-petins2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petins2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (one was a female, and two males)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> played the main character Buck in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Call_of_the_Wild:_Dog_of_the_Yukon" title="The Call of the Wild: Dog of the Yukon">The Call of the Wild: Dog of the Yukon</a></i> (1997), a Canadian rendition of <a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">Jack London</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Call_of_the_Wild" title="The Call of the Wild">Call of the Wild</a></i> which stars <a href="/wiki/Rutger_Hauer" title="Rutger Hauer">Rutger Hauer</a> as John Thornton and is narrated by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The breed chosen in this movie was not the one identified as Buck in the novel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dogs" title="Portal:Dogs">Dogs portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dog_breeds" title="List of dog breeds">List of dog breeds</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Flaim-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFlaim2020" class="citation web cs1">Flaim, Denise (June 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/history-behind-the-leonberger/">"Leonberger History: The "Secret Mascot" of Leonberg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leonberger+History%3A+The+%22Secret+Mascot%22+of+Leonberg&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft.aulast=Flaim&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fexpert-advice%2Fdog-breeds%2Fhistory-behind-the-leonberger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PJ1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PJ1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PJ1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PJ1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PJ1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PJ1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PJ1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Junehall, Petra <i>Breed Standard: Leonberger</i>, 08-tryck, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pugnetti-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pugnetti_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pugnetti_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pugnetti_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugnetti1980" class="citation book cs1">Pugnetti, Gino (1980). 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American Kennel Club. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AKC+meet+the+Breeds%3A+Leonberger&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fbreeds%2Fleonberger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagne2018" class="citation book cs1">Gagne, Tammy (25 January 2018). <i>Huskies, mastiffs and other working dogs</i>. 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December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AKC+proposed+group+realignment&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drjwv.com%2Fes%2FShar-Pei_proposed_groups-_12-11-small.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfaumer1996" class="citation journal cs1">Pfaumer, Sharon (July 1996). "The Leonberger, the golden-hearted lion dog". <i><a href="/wiki/Dog_World" title="Dog World">Dog World</a></i>. USA: <span class="nowrap">14–</span>22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dog+World&rft.atitle=The+Leonberger%2C+the+golden-hearted+lion+dog&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1996-07&rft.aulast=Pfaumer&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManetti2010" class="citation news cs1">Manetti, Francesco (August 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/unleashed/2010/08/italian-school-teaches-dogs-to-become-lifeguards.html">"Italian school teaches dogs to become lifeguards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Italian+school+teaches+dogs+to+become+lifeguards&rft.date=2010-08-23&rft.aulast=Manetti&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Funleashed%2F2010%2F08%2Fitalian-school-teaches-dogs-to-become-lifeguards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpurebreddogday.com/leos-to-the-rescue/">"Leos to the Rescue!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. National Purebred Dog Day. 25 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leos+to+the+Rescue%21&rft.pub=National+Purebred+Dog+Day&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpurebreddogday.com%2Fleos-to-the-rescue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLpiPREpt0g">"Leonberger Water Rescue training"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. May 11, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/bLpiPREpt0g">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Leonberger+Water+Rescue+training&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DbLpiPREpt0g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.military.com/video/aircraft/helicopters/rescue-dogs-jump-from-helicopter/1926977692001">"Rescue Dogs Jump From Helicopter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. 26 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Some of the dogs are <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dog" title="Newfoundland dog">Newfoundland dogs</a> and some are Leonbergers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rescue+Dogs+Jump+From+Helicopter&rft.date=2012-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fvideo%2Faircraft%2Fhelicopters%2Frescue-dogs-jump-from-helicopter%2F1926977692001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dohner2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dohner2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDohner2016" class="citation book cs1">Dohner, Janet Vorwald (October 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vHgNDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA300"><i>Farm Dogs: A Comprehensive Breed Guide to 93 Guardians, Herders, Terriers and other canine working partners</i></a>. North Adams, MA: <a href="/wiki/Storey_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Storey Books">Storey Books</a>. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61212-592-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61212-592-3"><bdi>978-1-61212-592-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farm+Dogs%3A+A+Comprehensive+Breed+Guide+to+93+Guardians%2C+Herders%2C+Terriers+and+other+canine+working+partners&rft.place=North+Adams%2C+MA&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Storey+Books&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft.isbn=978-1-61212-592-3&rft.aulast=Dohner&rft.aufirst=Janet+Vorwald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvHgNDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKCWorking-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKCWorking_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/groups/working/">"AKC Working Group"</a>. American Kennel Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AKC+Working+Group&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fdog-breeds%2Fgroups%2Fworking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKCNews-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKCNews_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/press-center/press-releases/akc-welcomes-the-cane-corso-icelandic-sheepdog-and-leonberger/">"AKC Welcomes the Cane Corso, Icelandic Sheepdog and Leonberger"</a>. June 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AKC+Welcomes+the+Cane+Corso%2C+Icelandic+Sheepdog+and+Leonberger&rft.date=2011-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fpress-center%2Fpress-releases%2Fakc-welcomes-the-cane-corso-icelandic-sheepdog-and-leonberger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuhas2014" class="citation web cs1">Suhas, Maitri (29 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bustle.com/articles/51258-whats-a-leonberger-dog-do-they-really-cost-1-million-lets-see-here">"Grumpy Cat and A Million Dollar Dog?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)" title="Bustle (magazine)">Bustle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bustle&rft.atitle=Grumpy+Cat+and+A+Million+Dollar+Dog%3F&rft.date=2014-11-29&rft.aulast=Suhas&rft.aufirst=Maitri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bustle.com%2Farticles%2F51258-whats-a-leonberger-dog-do-they-really-cost-1-million-lets-see-here&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisHorne2016" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Gill; Horne, Sarah (July 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/education/product/9780192739261/?region=uk"><i>Puppy Academy: Murphy and the Great Surf Rescue</i></a> (Paperback). Puppy Academy: Puppies to the rescue!. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-273926-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-273926-1"><bdi>978-0-19-273926-1</bdi></a>. <q>Suitable for: 5-7 boys and girls. Fans of Holly Webb and Andrew Cope's Spy Pups series</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puppy+Academy%3A+Murphy+and+the+Great+Surf+Rescue&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Puppy+Academy%3A+Puppies+to+the+rescue%21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-07-07&rft.isbn=978-0-19-273926-1&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Gill&rft.au=Horne%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Feducation%2Fproduct%2F9780192739261%2F%3Fregion%3Duk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brignews.com/2019/04/01/rammstein-reflects-on-german-identity-in-new-single/">"Rammstein delve into their German identity with controversial new single"</a>. <i>Brig Newspaper</i>. 2019-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brig+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Rammstein+delve+into+their+German+identity+with+controversial+new+single&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrignews.com%2F2019%2F04%2F01%2Frammstein-reflects-on-german-identity-in-new-single%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230180131/http://www.animalstamps.com/leonberg.htm">Leonberger Animal stamps</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nordicnoirblog.wordpress.com/2018/04/21/dont-look-back-by-karin-fossum-bookreview/">"Don't Look Back by Karin Fossum #bookreview #Norway"</a>. 21 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Don%27t+Look+Back+by+Karin+Fossum+%23bookreview+%23Norway&rft.date=2018-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnordicnoirblog.wordpress.com%2F2018%2F04%2F21%2Fdont-look-back-by-karin-fossum-bookreview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-petins2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-petins2_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petinsurance.com/healthzone/pet-articles/pet-breeds/Leonberger-Dogs.aspx">"Leonberger Dogs"</a>. <i>PetInsurance.com</i>. Veterinary Pet Insurance Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PetInsurance.com&rft.atitle=Leonberger+Dogs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.petinsurance.com%2Fhealthzone%2Fpet-articles%2Fpet-breeds%2FLeonberger-Dogs.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDB-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMDB_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMDB_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118811/"><i>Call of the Wild - Dog of the Yukon</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123230234/http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/leonberger/detail/#didyouknow">"Leonberger Facts"</a>. <i>AKC.org</i>. American Kennel Club. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/leonberger/detail/#didyouknow">the original</a> on 23 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AKC.org&rft.atitle=Leonberger+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fdog-breeds%2Fleonberger%2Fdetail%2F%23didyouknow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBliss-Isberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Bliss-Isberg, Caroline (February 1, 2017). <i>The Leonberger: A Comprehensive Guide to the Lion King of Breeds</i>. Sea Cliff, New York: Revodana Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-943824-24-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-943824-24-3"><bdi>978-1-943824-24-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Leonberger%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+the+Lion+King+of+Breeds&rft.place=Sea+Cliff%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Revodana+Publishing&rft.date=2017-02-01&rft.isbn=978-1-943824-24-3&rft.aulast=Bliss-Isberg&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson-EsknerRogert1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gustafson-Eskner, Margareta; Rogert, Ulrika (1996). <i>Leonbergerboken</i> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leonbergerboken&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Gustafson-Eskner&rft.aufirst=Margareta&rft.au=Rogert%2C+Ulrika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock2014" class="citation book cs1">Hancock, David (August 31, 2014). <i>Dogs of the Shepherds: A Review of the Pastoral Breeds</i>. Marlborough, Wiltshire: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Crowood_Press_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Crowood Press Ltd (page does not exist)">The Crowood Press Ltd</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-809-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-809-7"><bdi>978-1-84797-809-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogs+of+the+Shepherds%3A+A+Review+of+the+Pastoral+Breeds&rft.place=Marlborough%2C+Wiltshire&rft.pub=The+Crowood+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2014-08-31&rft.isbn=978-1-84797-809-7&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKojima2005" class="citation book cs1">Kojima, Toyoharu (August 28, 2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legacyofdogultim02edkoji"><i>Legacy of the Dog: The Ultimate Illustrated Guide</i></a></span> (Revised and Updated, 2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Books" title="Chronicle Books">Chronicle Books</a> LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-5113-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-5113-8"><bdi>978-0-8118-5113-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legacy+of+the+Dog%3A+The+Ultimate+Illustrated+Guide&rft.edition=Revised+and+Updated%2C+2nd&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books+LLC&rft.date=2005-08-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-5113-8&rft.aulast=Kojima&rft.aufirst=Toyoharu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegacyofdogultim02edkoji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuntová1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kuntová, Daniela (1994). <i>Leonberger</i> (in Czech). Vol. 37. Komenshého, Czech Republic: Dona Press. p. 370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-900080-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-900080-2-1"><bdi>978-80-900080-2-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leonberger&rft.place=Komensh%C3%A9ho%2C+Czech+Republic&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Dona+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-80-900080-2-1&rft.aulast=Kuntov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLusbyTrafford2005" class="citation book cs1">Lusby, Madeline; Trafford, Michael (Photographer) (2005). <i>Leonberger (Comprehensive Owners Guide</i> (Hardcover). City: <a href="/wiki/Kennel_Club_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennel Club Books">Kennel Club Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-314-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-314-3"><bdi>978-1-59378-314-3</bdi></a>. EAN 9781593783143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leonberger+%28Comprehensive+Owners+Guide&rft.place=City&rft.pub=Kennel+Club+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59378-314-3&rft.aulast=Lusby&rft.aufirst=Madeline&rft.au=Trafford%2C+Michael+%28Photographer%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller1994" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Muller, Ton (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011029151845/http://www.leonberger.cybercomm.nl:80/boek.html">"Het houden van een Leonberger, een praktijkboek"</a> (in Dutch). The Netherlands. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leonberger.cybercomm.nl/boek.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+houden+van+een+Leonberger%2C+een+praktijkboek&rft.place=The+Netherlands&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Ton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leonberger.cybercomm.nl%2Fboek.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Leonberger: A special supplement". <i>The New Zealand Kennel Gazette</i>. Vol. 36, no. 3. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Kennel_Club" title="New Zealand Kennel Club">New Zealand Kennel Club</a>. April 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Kennel+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Leonberger%3A+A+special+supplement&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1996-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerosino1993" class="citation book cs1">Perosino, Guido (1993). <i>The Leonberger</i>. Milano: Giovanni De Vecchi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Leonberger&rft.place=Milano&rft.pub=Giovanni+De+Vecchi&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Perosino&rft.aufirst=Guido&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pfaumer, Sharon (July 1996). "The Leonberger, the golden-hearted lion dog". <i><a href="/wiki/Dog_World" title="Dog World">Dog World</a></i> (USA), pp. 14–22.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahmer" class="citation book cs1">Rahmer, Larry. <i>The History of the Leonberger in Great Britain</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Leonberger+in+Great+Britain&rft.aulast=Rahmer&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmittZerl1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schmitt, Hannelie; Zerl, Gerhard (1996). <i>Der Leonberger</i> (in German) (revised ed.). Veriagsgesellschaft: Rudolf Muller, Koln-Braunsfeld.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Leonberger&rft.place=Veriagsgesellschaft&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Rudolf+Muller%2C+Koln-Braunsfeld&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Hannelie&rft.au=Zerl%2C+Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stramer, Metha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leogazette.com/boeke.htm"><i>The Dog of Leonberg: The History of a Dog Breed</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316022034/http://www.leogazette.com/boeke.htm">Archived</a> 2012-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Multilingual (English, German, French, Dutch) trilogy on the history of the Leonberger dog (1846–1948) (Independent Leo Gazette) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-813426-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-813426-1-2">978-90-813426-1-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1998" class="citation book cs1">White, Angela (12 Feb 1998). <i>The Leonberger: The World of Dogs</i> ((Hardcover). Kingdom Books, Havant. pp. 208 pages. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85279-064-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85279-064-6"><bdi>978-1-85279-064-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Leonberger%3A+The+World+of+Dogs&rft.pages=208+pages&rft.pub=Kingdom+Books%2C+Havant&rft.date=1998-02-12&rft.isbn=978-1-85279-064-6&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinslet" class="citation book cs1">Winslet, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wBfGAgAAQBAJ&q=Leonberger"><i>The Complete Guide to Leonbergers</i></a>. For Dogs Sake. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908793-08-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908793-08-9"><bdi>978-1-908793-08-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Leonbergers&rft.pub=For+Dogs+Sake&rft.isbn=978-1-908793-08-9&rft.aulast=Winslet&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwBfGAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DLeonberger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Leonberger" class="extiw" title="commons:Leonberger"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Leonberger</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leonberger-database.com/index.html">World Wide Leonberger Independent Database Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229235233/http://www.leonberger.com/LeoWorld/resources.html">Other resources at Leonberger Union</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-lpq0V02oU">"Leonberger"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. <i>Dogs 101 Season 3</i> (Episode 5). <a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet" title="Animal Planet">Animal Planet</a>. December 20, 2010 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dogs+101+Season+3&rft.atitle=Leonberger&rft.issue=Episode+5&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D2-lpq0V02oU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMZz0rvLRtk">"All About the Leonberger"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. Dogumentary TV. 16 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/EMZz0rvLRtk">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+the+Leonberger&rft.pub=Dogumentary+TV&rft.date=2017-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DEMZz0rvLRtk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkBE4idqV7Q">"The Giant Leonberger: Dangerous Lion Dog?"</a>. <i>Animal Watch</i> (Video). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_World_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green World TV (page does not exist)">Green World TV</a>. 3 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Watch&rft.atitle=The+Giant+Leonberger%3A+Dangerous+Lion+Dog%3F&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhkBE4idqV7Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonberger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Dachsbracke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Gundog" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundog">Gundogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Longhaired_Pointer" title="German Longhaired Pointer">German Longhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Roughhaired_Pointer" title="German Roughhaired Pointer">German Roughhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Shorthaired_Pointer" title="German Shorthaired Pointer">German Shorthaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spaniel" title="German Spaniel">German Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Wirehaired_Pointer" title="German Wirehaired Pointer">German Wirehaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Large Münsterländer">Large Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poodle" title="Poodle">Poodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudelpointer" title="Pudelpointer">Pudelpointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Small Münsterländer">Small Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimaraner" title="Weimaraner">Weimaraner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">Herding dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_German_herding_dogs" title="Old German herding dogs">Old German herding dogs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">Earth dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Eskimo_Dog" title="American Eskimo Dog">American Eskimo Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer (dog)">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobermann" title="Dobermann">Dobermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasier" title="Eurasier">Eurasier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Pinscher" title="German Pinscher">German Pinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spitz" title="German Spitz">German Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Schnauzer" title="Giant Schnauzer">Giant Schnauzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dane" title="Great Dane">Great Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovawart" title="Hovawart">Hovawart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeshond" title="Keeshond">Keeshond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromfohrl%C3%A4nder" title="Kromfohrländer">Kromfohrländer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leonberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweiler" title="Rottweiler">Rottweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Schnauzer" title="Standard Schnauzer">Standard Schnauzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullenbeisser" title="Bullenbeisser">Bullenbeisser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Livestock_guardian_dogs141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Livestock_guardians" title="Template:Livestock guardians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Livestock_guardians" title="Template talk:Livestock guardians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Livestock_guardians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Livestock guardians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Livestock_guardian_dogs141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Livestock_guardian_dog" title="Livestock guardian dog">Livestock guardian dogs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuchi_dog" title="Kuchi dog">Afghan Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidi" title="Aidi">Aidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbash" title="Akbash">Akbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksaray_Malaklisi" title="Aksaray Malaklisi">Aksaray Malaklisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Gampr_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Gampr dog">Armenian Gampr dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzeller_Sennenhund" title="Appenzeller Sennenhund">Appenzeller Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakharwal_dog" title="Bakharwal dog">Bakharwal dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Mountain_Dog" title="Bernese Mountain Dog">Bernese Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucovina_Shepherd_Dog" title="Bucovina Shepherd Dog">Bucovina Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat-Mongolian_Wolfhound" class="mw-redirect" title="Buryat-Mongolian Wolfhound">Buryat-Mongolian Wolfhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A3o_de_Castro_Laboreiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cão de Castro Laboreiro">Cão de Castro Laboreiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A3o_de_Gado_Transmontano" title="Cão de Gado Transmontano">Cão de Gado Transmontano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Carpathian Shepherd Dog">Carpathian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Caucasian Shepherd Dog">Caucasian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Central Asian Shepherd Dog">Central Asian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entlebucher_Mountain_Dog" title="Entlebucher Mountain Dog">Entlebucher Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela_Mountain_Dog" title="Estrela Mountain Dog">Estrela Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddi_Kutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddi Kutta">Gaddi Kutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Shepherd" title="Georgian Shepherd">Georgian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Swiss_Mountain_Dog" title="Greater Swiss Mountain Dog">Greater Swiss Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Shepherd" title="Greek Shepherd">Greek Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Sheepdog" title="Himalayan Sheepdog">Himalayan Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovawart" title="Hovawart">Hovawart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Mastiff" title="Kurdish Mastiff">Kurdish Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangal_Shepherd_Dog" title="Kangal Shepherd Dog">Kangal Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakachan_dog" title="Karakachan dog">Karakachan dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_dog" title="Kars dog">Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_Shepherd" title="Karst Shepherd">Karst Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komondor" title="Komondor">Komondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyun_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Koyun dog">Koyun dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvasz" title="Kuvasz">Kuvasz</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Landseer_dog" title="Landseer dog">Landseer</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leonberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maremmano-Abruzzese_Sheepdog" title="Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog">Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Watchdog" title="Moscow Watchdog">Moscow Watchdog</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucuchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucuchies">Mucuchies</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dog" title="Newfoundland dog">Newfoundland</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorca_Shepherd_Dog" title="Majorca Shepherd Dog">Perro de Pastor Mallorquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perro_Majorero" title="Perro Majorero">Perro Majorero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pshdar_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Pshdar dog">Pshdar dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Mastiff" title="Pyrenean Mastiff">Pyrenean Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Mountain_Dog" title="Pyrenean Mountain Dog">Pyrenean Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafeiro_do_Alentejo" title="Rafeiro do Alentejo">Rafeiro do Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Mioritic_Shepherd_Dog" title="Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog">Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Raven_Shepherd_Dog" title="Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog">Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St._Bernard_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Bernard (dog)">St Bernard</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarabi_dog" title="Sarabi dog">Sarabi dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Sardinian Shepherd Dog">Sardinian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac" title="Šarplaninac">Šarplaninac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Cuvac" title="Slovak Cuvac">Slovensky Cuvac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Mastiff" title="Spanish Mastiff">Spanish Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Russian_Ovcharka" title="South Russian Ovcharka">South Russian Ovcharka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatra_Shepherd_Dog" title="Tatra Shepherd Dog">Tatra Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Kyi_Apso" title="Tibetan Kyi Apso">Tibetan Kyi Apso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Mastiff" title="Tibetan Mastiff">Tibetan Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornjak" title="Tornjak">Tornjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikhan" title="Vikhan">Vikhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller; background:#CEDFF2;"><div> <ul><li><b>†</b> = Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&oldid=1247321722">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonberger&oldid=1247321722</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dog_breeds_originating_in_Germany" title="Category:Dog breeds originating in Germany">Dog breeds originating in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:FCI_breeds" title="Category:FCI breeds">FCI breeds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lifesaving" title="Category:Lifesaving">Lifesaving</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Livestock_guardian_dogs" 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