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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Red-black_tree_example.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Red-black_tree_example.svg/220px-Red-black_tree_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Red-black_tree_example.svg/330px-Red-black_tree_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Red-black_tree_example.svg/440px-Red-black_tree_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>Un <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rbol_rojo-negro" title="Árbol rojo-negro">Árbol rojo-negro</a> con factor de ramificación 2.</figcaption></figure><p> En el ámbito de la computación, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rbol_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Árbol (informática)">árboles (Estructura de datos)</a> y <a href="/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_de_juegos" title="Teoría de juegos">teoría de juegos</a>, se denomina <b>factor de ramificación</b> al número de nodos hijos en cada nodo. Si este valor no es uniforme, se puede calcular el <b>factor de ramificación medio</b>. </p><p>Por ejemplo, en <a href="/wiki/Ajedrez" title="Ajedrez">ajedrez</a>, si se considera un "nodo" como una posición válida, el factor de ramificación medio es aproximadamente 35.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Esto significa que, de media, un jugador puede realizar alrededor de 35 movimientos válidos en cada turno. </p><p>Factores de ramificación altos hacen que los algoritmos que evalúan todas las ramas de todos los nodos, como <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAsqueda_de_fuerza_bruta" title="Búsqueda de fuerza bruta">los de búsqueda por fuerza bruta</a>, sean más costosos computacionalmente hablando por el <a href="/wiki/Crecimiento_exponencial" title="Crecimiento exponencial">crecimiento exponencial</a> del número de nodos, dando lugar a una <a href="/wiki/Explosi%C3%B3n_combinatoria" title="Explosión combinatoria">explosión combinatoria</a>. </p><p>Por ejemplo, si el factor de ramificación es 10, habrá 10 nodos en el siguiente nivel a la posición actual, 10<sup>2</sup> (ó 100) nodos dos niveles por debajo, 10<sup>3</sup> (ó 1.000) nodos tres niveles por debajo, y así sucesivamente. Cuanto mayor es el factor de ramificación, más rápidamente ocurre esta "explosión". El factor de ramificación puede ser reducido mediante <a href="/wiki/Algoritmo" title="Algoritmo">algoritmos</a> de poda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Factor_de_ramificaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFFrançois_Dominic_Laramée" class="citation web">François Dominic Laramée. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070514205121/http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article1171.asp">«Chess Programming Part IV: Basic Search»</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=GameDev.net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GameDev.net (aún no redactado)">GameDev.net</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article1171.asp">el original</a> el 14 de mayo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 2007</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AFactor+de+ramificaci%C3%B3n&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Dominic+Laram%C3%A9e&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois+Dominic+Laram%C3%A9e&rft.btitle=Chess+Programming+Part+IV%3A+Basic+Search&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=GameDev.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamedev.net%2Freference%2Farticles%2Farticle1171.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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