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data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Pleistosen" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Pleistosen" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Pleistosen" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Pleistosen" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Stratigrafi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stratigrafi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Stratigrafi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stratigrafi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Stratigrafi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stratigrafi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Batas_Pliosen–Pleistosen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_Pliosen–Pleistosen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Batas Pliosen–Pleistosen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_Pliosen–Pleistosen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kronologi_dan_korelasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kronologi_dan_korelasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kronologi dan korelasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kronologi_dan_korelasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_isotop_oksigen_laut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_isotop_oksigen_laut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Catatan isotop oksigen laut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_isotop_oksigen_laut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_Loess_dan_Paleosol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_Loess_dan_Paleosol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Catatan Loess dan Paleosol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_Loess_dan_Paleosol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_glasial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_glasial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Catatan glasial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_glasial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_inti_es" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_inti_es"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Catatan inti es</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_inti_es-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleistosen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 93 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoseen" title="Pleistoseen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pleistoseen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoz%C3%A4n" title="Pleistozän – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pleistozän" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="अभिनूतन युग – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अभिनूतन युग" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="العصر الحديث الأقرب – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الحديث الأقرب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بليستوسين – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بليستوسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocenu" title="Pleistocenu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pleistocenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleystosen_epoxas%C4%B1" title="Pleystosen epoxası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pleystosen epoxası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Плейстацэн – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плейстацэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Плейстоцен – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плейстоцен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="প্লাইস্টোসিন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্লাইস্টোসিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pleistosen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plistoc%C3%A8" title="Plistocè – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plistocè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoc%C3%A9n" title="Pleistocén – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pleistocén" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pleistosen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoc%C3%A6n" title="Pleistocæn – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pleistocæn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoz%C3%A4n" title="Pleistozän – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pleistozän" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Πλειστόκαινο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλειστόκαινο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pleistocene" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoceno" title="Pleistoceno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pleistoceno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoceno" title="Pleistoceno – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pleistoceno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistotseen" title="Pleistotseen – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pleistotseen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistozeno" title="Pleistozeno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pleistozeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="پلیستوسن – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلیستوسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoseeni" title="Pleistoseeni – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pleistoseeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A9istoc%C3%A8ne" title="Pléistocène – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pléistocène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoz%C3%A4n" title="Pleistozän – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pleistozän" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoseen" title="Pleistoseen – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pleistoseen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sealad_Pl%C3%A9istic%C3%A9ineach" title="An Sealad Pléisticéineach – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Sealad Pléisticéineach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plistoceno" title="Plistoceno – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Plistoceno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="פלייסטוקן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלייסטוקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="अत्यंतनूतन युग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अत्यंतनूतन युग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleisztoc%C3%A9n" title="Pleisztocén – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pleisztocén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Պլեյստոցեն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պլեյստոցեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoceno" title="Pleistoceno – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pleistoceno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoceno" title="Pleistoceno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pleistoceno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleist%C3%B3sent%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Pleistósentímabilið – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pleistósentímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pleistocene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="更新世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pleistosen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პლეისტოცენი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პლეისტოცენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Плейстоцен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Плейстоцен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B8" title="플라이스토세 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플라이스토세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pley%C3%AEstosen" title="Pleyîstosen – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pleyîstosen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_an_Rew" title="Oos an Rew – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oos an Rew" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocaenum" title="Pleistocaenum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pleistocaenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84isz%C3%A4italter" title="Äiszäitalter – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Äiszäitalter" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plestosene" title="Plestosene – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Plestosene" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocenas" title="Pleistocenas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pleistocenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoc%C4%93ns" title="Pleistocēns – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pleistocēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Плеистоцен – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Плеистоцен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പ്ലീസ്റ്റോസീൻ കാലഘട്ടം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്ലീസ്റ്റോസീൻ കാലഘട്ടം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pleistosen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="پلشیستوسن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پلشیستوسن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoz%C3%A4n" title="Pleistozän – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pleistozän" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रातिनूतनाश्म – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रातिनूतनाश्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoceen" title="Pleistoceen – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pleistoceen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoc%C3%A8n" title="Pleistocèn – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pleistocèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plejstocen" title="Plejstocen – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Plejstocen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoceno" title="Pleistoceno – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pleistoceno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Плейстоцен – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плейстоцен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pleistocene" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistosena" title="Pleistosena – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Pleistosena" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9B%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්ලෛස්ටොසීන අවධිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්ලෛස්ටොසීන අවධිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pleistocene" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoc%C3%A9n" title="Pleistocén – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pleistocén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoseen" title="Pleistoseen – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Pleistoseen" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoceni" title="Pleistoceni – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pleistoceni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Плеистоцен – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плеистоцен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoz%C3%A4n" title="Pleistozän – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pleistozän" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பிலிசுடோசின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிலிசுடோசின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ప్లైస్టోసీన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్లైస్టోసీన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="สมัยไพลสโตซีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยไพลสโตซีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoseno" title="Pleistoseno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pleistoseno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pleistosen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Плейстоцен – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плейстоцен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="وسط حیاتی دور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وسط حیاتی دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleystotsen" title="Pleystotsen – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pleystotsen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_Pleistocen" title="Thế Pleistocen – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pleistocen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="更新世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პლეისტოცენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პლეისტოცენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="更新世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keng-sin-s%C3%A8" title="Keng-sin-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Keng-sin-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="更新世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25546#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Pleistosen" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pleistosen"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pleistosen"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Pleistosen" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Pleistosen" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&oldid=25103685" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Pleistosen&id=25103685&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPleistosen"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPleistosen"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pleistosen"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pleistosen&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pleistocene" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25546" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;background:rgb(255,239,175);">Pleistosen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">2.58 – 0.0117 <a href="/wiki/Myr" title="Myr">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:13px;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.46153846154px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Prakambrium" title="Prakambrium">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:36.553846153846px; width:18.175384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Kambrium" title="Kambrium">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:54.729230769231px; width:15.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovisium" title="Ordovisium">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.824615384615px; width:9.3753846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Silur" title="Silur">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:79.2px; width:19.224615384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Devon_(zaman)" title="Devon (zaman)">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.424615384615px; width:20.375384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon_(zaman)" title="Karbon (zaman)">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.8px; width:16.246153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Perem" title="Perem">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:135.04615384615px; width:17.396923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Trias" title="Trias">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:152.44307692308px; width:18.310769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Jura_(zaman)" title="Jura (zaman)">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.75384615385px; width:27.076923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Kapur_(zaman)" title="Kapur (zaman)">K</a></div> <span style="font-size:85%; line-height: 1.89em;"><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.83076923077px; width:14.374461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogen" title="Paleogen">Pg</a></div></span> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:7.7947692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen"><span style="font-size:92%;line-height:1.30em;">N</span></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.12676923077px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Global_sea_levels_during_the_last_Ice_Age.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Global_sea_levels_during_the_last_Ice_Age.jpg/300px-Global_sea_levels_during_the_last_Ice_Age.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Global_sea_levels_during_the_last_Ice_Age.jpg/450px-Global_sea_levels_during_the_last_Ice_Age.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Global_sea_levels_during_the_last_Ice_Age.jpg/600px-Global_sea_levels_during_the_last_Ice_Age.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Peta dunia selama Glasial Maksimum Terakhir</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height:normal;border-bottom:2px solid rgb(255,239,175);">Kronologi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="font-size:14px"><table id="Container" role="presentation" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:none;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;min-width:23.65em"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:38em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:36.05em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2.6 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:34.66em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:33.27em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2.4 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:31.89em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:30.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2.2 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:29.11em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:27.73em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:26.34em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.95em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1.8 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.57em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:22.18em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1.6 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:20.80em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.41em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1.4 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:18.02em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.64em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1.2 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.25em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.86em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:12.48em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:11.09em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−0.8 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.70em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.32em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−0.6 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.93em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.55em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−0.4 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.16em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.77em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−0.2 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:1.39em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:0.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">0 —</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:7.5em;height:38em;float:left;border:none;background-color:#000000"><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(242,249,29);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:38.000em;left:0.000em;width:0.825em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-19.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:16px;display:block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Senozoikum" class="mw-redirect" title="Senozoikum"> S <br /> e <br /> n <br /> o <br /> z <br /> o <br /> i <br /> k <br /> u <br /> m</a></b></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,153);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:35.768em;height:2.232em;left:0.900em;width:6.600em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.116em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">Neogen</a></b></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(249,249,127);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:35.668em;left:0.900em;width:0.825em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-17.834em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:16px;display:block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kuarter" title="Kuarter">K<br />u<br />a<br />r<br />t<br />e<br />r</a></b></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:38.000em;left:0.000em;width:7.500em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-19.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,239,175);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.162em;height:35.506em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-17.753em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:14px;display:block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P<br />l<br />e<br />i<br />s<br />t<br />o<br />s<br />e<br />n</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,230,202);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.162em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-1em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.081em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:14px"><a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">↓Holosen</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,239,175);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:24.954em;height:10.714em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-5.357em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Gelasium" title="Gelasium">Gelasium</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,239,175);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:10.730em;height:14.224em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-7.112em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Kalabrium" title="Kalabrium">Kalabrium</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,239,175);border-width:0.01em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.788em;height:8.922em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.461em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Chibanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chibanium">Chibanium</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,239,175);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.162em;height:1.626em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.813em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Akhir" title="Pleistosen Akhir">"<i>P. Akhir</i>"</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,230,202);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.162em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.081em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,230,202);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.058em;height:0.055em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.028em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,230,202);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.058em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.029em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:38.000em;left:7.425em;width:0.075em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-19.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.148em;height:0.028em;left:1.725em;width:5.775em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.014em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.069em;left:0.000em;width:7.500em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.035em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:10.25em;height:38em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.109em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:75%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Meghalayan">Meghalayan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northgrippium" class="mw-redirect" title="Northgrippium">Northgrippium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenlandium" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandium">Greenlandium</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;float:left;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:20.5em"><b>Pembagian Kuarter berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Komisi_Internasional_untuk_Stratigrafi" title="Komisi Internasional untuk Stratigrafi">ICS</a>, per 2021.</b><sup id="cite_ref-ICC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Skala sumbu vertikal: jutaan tahun yang lalu.<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height:normal;border-bottom:2px solid rgb(255,239,175);">Etimologi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Nama resmi</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height:normal;border-bottom:2px solid rgb(255,239,175);">Informasi penggunaan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Benda angkasa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">Bumi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Penggunaan regional</th><td class="infobox-data">Global (<a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height:normal;border-bottom:2px solid rgb(255,239,175);">Rentang waktu</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Satuan kronologis</th><td class="infobox-data">Epos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Satuan stratigrafik</th><td class="infobox-data">Seri</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Jangka waktu resmi</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><center><b>Ambang batas jangka waktu</b></center><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"><b>Bawah</b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal"> <ul><li>Dasar polaritas magnetik kronozona C2r (Matuyama).</li> <li>Kepunahan <a href="/wiki/Haptophyta" title="Haptophyta">haptophyta</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discoaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discoaster (halaman belum tersedia)">Discoaster pentaradiatus</a></i> dan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discoaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discoaster (halaman belum tersedia)">Discoaster surculus</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal"><b>Versi GSSP</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal">Monte San Nicola Section, <a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sisilia" title="Sisilia">Sisilia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a><br /><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 120px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="120" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="37.1469" data-lon="14.2035" data-overlays="["_acb451a784ddc98bb908eeaf6bc10cfa6b931f79"]" href="/wiki/Istimewa:Map/10/37.1469/14.2035/id"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.1469,14.2035,120x200.png?lang=id&domain=id.wikipedia.org&title=Pleistosen&revid=25103685&groups=_acb451a784ddc98bb908eeaf6bc10cfa6b931f79" width="120" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.1469,14.2035,120x200@2x.png?lang=id&domain=id.wikipedia.org&title=Pleistosen&revid=25103685&groups=_acb451a784ddc98bb908eeaf6bc10cfa6b931f79 2x" alt="Peta" /></a><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pleistosen&language=id&params=37.1469_N_14.2035_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°08′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°12′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.1469°N 14.2035°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.1469; 14.2035</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal"><b>Ratifikasi GSSP</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal">2009 (sebagai dasar dari Kuarter dan Pleistosen)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td> <td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"><b>Atas</b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal">Akhir dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadial (halaman belum tersedia)">stadial</a> <a href="/wiki/Dryas_Terkini" title="Dryas Terkini">Dryas Terkini</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal"><b>Versi GSSP</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal">inti es <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_Inti_Es_Greenland_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek Inti Es Greenland Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">NGRIP2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a><br /><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 120px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="120" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="75.1" data-lon="-42.32" data-overlays="["_040cd51f904422842228690b372ccfd1b7b66619"]" href="/wiki/Istimewa:Map/10/75.1/-42.32/id"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,75.1,-42.32,120x200.png?lang=id&domain=id.wikipedia.org&title=Pleistosen&revid=25103685&groups=_040cd51f904422842228690b372ccfd1b7b66619" width="120" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,75.1,-42.32,120x200@2x.png?lang=id&domain=id.wikipedia.org&title=Pleistosen&revid=25103685&groups=_040cd51f904422842228690b372ccfd1b7b66619 2x" alt="Peta" /></a><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25917590"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pleistosen&language=id&params=75.1000_N_42.3200_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">75°06′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">42°19′12″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">75.1000°N 42.3200°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">75.1000; -42.3200</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal"><b>Ratifikasi GSSP</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; line-height:normal">2008 (sebagai dasar dari Holosen)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pleistocene_north_ice_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Pleistocene_north_ice_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="417" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Keadaan lapisan es di <a href="/wiki/Kutub_utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutub utara">kutub utara</a> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pleistosen</b> adalah suatu <a href="/wiki/Kala_(geologi)" title="Kala (geologi)">kala</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Skala_waktu_geologi" title="Skala waktu geologi">skala waktu geologi</a> yang berlangsung antara 2.588.000 hingga 11.500 tahun yang lalu. Namanya berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> πλεῖστος (<i>plestos</i>, "paling") dan καινός (<i>kainos</i>, "baru"). Pleistosen mengikuti <a href="/wiki/Pliosen" title="Pliosen">Pliosen</a> dan diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">Holosen</a> dan merupakan kala ketiga pada <a href="/wiki/Periode_(geologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (geologi)">periode</a> <a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">Neogen</a>. Akhir Pleistosen berhubungan dengan akhir <a href="/wiki/Paleolitikum" title="Paleolitikum">Zaman Paleolitikum</a> yang dikenal dalam <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologi</a>. </p><p>Pleistosen dibagi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Awal" title="Pleistosen Awal">Pleistosen Awal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Tengah" title="Pleistosen Tengah">Pleistosen Tengah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Akhir" title="Pleistosen Akhir">Pleistosen Akhir</a>, dan beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahap_(geologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahap (geologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">tahap</a> fauna. </p><p><b>Plestosen</b> awalnya dikenal dengan <i>diluvium</i>, yakni formasi sekarang (<i><a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">holosen</a></i> atau <i>aluvium</i>); bermula dari 1.750.000 tahun lalu dan berakhir sampai 10000 tahun lalu. kala pertama dalam <a href="/wiki/Zaman_kuarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman kuarter">zaman kuarter</a>, di bawah satuan waktu geologi ini terdapat kala <i><a href="/wiki/Pliosen" title="Pliosen">pliosen</a></i>, dan diatasnya kala <i><a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">holosen</a></i>. Pada kala <i>plestosen</i> bumi mengalami beberapa zaman es. Kala ini menyaksikan kelahiran <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">homo sapiens</a></i> yang pertama dan kepunahan berbagai jenis yang menjadi pendahulunya, seperti <i><a href="/wiki/Pithecanthropus_erectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pithecanthropus erectus">pithecanthropus erectus</a></i>. Di pulau <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusa Tenggara">Nusa Tenggara</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, masa ini ditandai dengan kegiatan <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">gunung berapi</a> yang berlangsung hingga sekarang. Dari masa ini juga dikenal hewan-hewan seperti <i>megaloceros</i> (rusa besar), <i>coelodonta antiquitatis</i> (badak berbulu wol), <i>mammuthus primigenius</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut">mamut</a>), <i>ursus spelaeus</i> (beruang yang hidup dalam gua), <i>smilodon</i> (semacam kucing besar), <a href="/wiki/Rusa_kutub" title="Rusa kutub">rusa kutub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a>, dll.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stratigrafi">Stratigrafi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Stratigrafi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Stratigrafi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_Pliosen–Pleistosen"><span id="Batas_Pliosen.E2.80.93Pleistosen"></span>Batas Pliosen–Pleistosen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Batas Pliosen–Pleistosen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Batas Pliosen–Pleistosen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definisi dasar Pleistosen memiliki sejarah yang panjang dan kontroversial. Karena zaman tersebut paling dikenal untuk <a href="/wiki/Periode_glasial" title="Periode glasial">glasiasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perubahan_iklim" title="Perubahan iklim">perubahan iklim</a>, banyak yang menyarankan bahwa batas bawahnya harus didasarkan pada kriteria iklim. Misalnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endapan_glasial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endapan glasial (halaman belum tersedia)">endapan glasial</a> tertua atau kemunculan pertama fosil bentuk kehidupan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iklim_dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iklim dingin (halaman belum tersedia)">iklim dingin</a> di catatan sedimen. Kriteria lain yang telah digunakan untuk menentukan Pliosen–Pleistosen termasuk kemunculan manusia, kemunculan fosil <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrata</a> tertentu di Eropa, dan kemunculan atau kepunahan <a href="/wiki/Mikrofosil" title="Mikrofosil">mikrofosil</a> tertentu di sedimen laut dalam. Kriteria ini terus dipertimbangkan secara lokal, dan beberapa pekerja menyarankan batas iklim sekitar 2,4 juta tahun. </p><p>Interval waktu Pra-Pleistosen ditentukan berdasarkan prinsip kronostratigrafik dan <a href="/wiki/Geokronologi" title="Geokronologi">geokronologis</a> yang terkait dengan urutan strata laut. Mengikuti studi oleh serangkaian kelompok kerja internasional, program korelasi, dan komisi <a href="/wiki/Stratigrafi" title="Stratigrafi">stratigrafi</a>, kesepakatan dicapai pada tahun 1985 untuk menempatkan batas bawah deret Pleistosen di dasar batulempung laut yang secara selaras menutupi dasar penanda tertentu di bagian Vrica di <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>. Perbatasan terjadi di dekat tingkat beberapa peristiwa biostratigrafi laut yang penting dan, lebih penting lagi, tepat di atas posisi pembalikan magnet yang menandai bagian atas Subzona Polaritas Normal Olduvai, sehingga memungkinkan korelasi di seluruh dunia. </p><p>Karena bukti glasiasi <a href="/wiki/Senozoikum" class="mw-redirect" title="Senozoikum">Senozoikum</a> ditemukan pada batuan yang terbentuk lebih awal daripada bagian Vrica, beberapa ahli geologi mengusulkan agar dasar Pleistosen dipindahkan ke waktu yang lebih awal. Bagi banyak ahli <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">geologi</a>, waktu yang paling masuk akal bertepatan dengan tipe bagian untuk sub-kala <a href="/wiki/Gelasium" title="Gelasium">Gelasium</a>, lapisan batuan yang terbentuk selama sub-kala Gelasium, ditemukan di Monte San Nicola dekat Gela, <a href="/wiki/Sisilia" title="Sisilia">Sisilia</a>. Penanda dasar untuk Gelasium, yaitu bagian dan titik stratotipe global (<a href="/wiki/GSSP" title="GSSP">GSSP</a>) yang ditempatkan pada batuan yang berumur 2.588.000 tahun yang lalu (titik penting karena berada dalam jarak 20.000 tahun dari pembalikan geomagnetik Gauss-Matuyama). Selain itu, tanggal batu berkorelasi erat dengan waktu perubahan substansial dalam ukuran butiran yang ditemukan di deposit loess Tiongkok.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah bertahun-tahun berdiskusi, <i>International Union of Geological Sciences</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=IUGS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUGS (halaman belum tersedia)">IUGS</a>) dan <i>International Commission on Stratigraphy</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ICS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICS (halaman belum tersedia)">ICS</a>) menetapkan Gelasium sebagai tahap paling bawah dari Pleistosen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kronologi_dan_korelasi">Kronologi dan korelasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kronologi dan korelasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kronologi dan korelasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kronologi Pleistosen awalnya ditemukan melalui pengamatan dan studi suksesi glasial, yang di Eropa dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> ditemukan mengandung tanah yang berkembang di bawah kondisi iklim hangat atau endapan laut yang tertutup di antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endapan_glasial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endapan glasial (halaman belum tersedia)">endapan glasial</a>. Dari studi ini, serta studi teras sungai di <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Alpen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegunungan Alpen">Pegunungan Alpen</a>, kronologi dikembangkan yang menyarankan Pleistosen terdiri dari empat atau lima tahap glasial utama yang dipisahkan oleh tahap <a href="/wiki/Interglasial" title="Interglasial">interglasial</a> dengan iklim umumnya mirip dengan hari ini. Dimulai dengan penelitian pada 1950-an, kronologi dan catatan peristiwa iklim Pleistosen yang jauh lebih baik telah berkembang melalui analisis sedimen laut dalam, terutama dari rekaman <a href="/wiki/Isotop_oksigen" title="Isotop oksigen">isotop oksigen</a> cangkang <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">mikroorganisme</a> yang hidup di lautan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_isotop_oksigen_laut">Catatan isotop oksigen laut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan isotop oksigen laut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan isotop oksigen laut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catatan <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> didasarkan pada rasio dua isotop oksigen, oksigen-16 dan oksigen-18, yang ditentukan pada kalsium karbonat dari cangkang mikrofosil yang terakumulasi dari tahun ke tahun di dasar laut. Rasio tergantung pada dua faktor, suhu dan komposisi isotop air laut dari mana organisme mengeluarkan cangkangnya. Kerang yang dikeluarkan dari air yang lebih dingin mengandung lebih banyak oksigen-18 relatif terhadap oksigen-16 daripada cangkang yang dikeluarkan dari air yang lebih hangat. Komposisi isotop lautan telah terbukti terkait dengan penyimpanan air di lapisan es besar di darat. Karena molekul oksigen-18 kurang mudah menguap dan lebih mudah mengembun, massa udara dengan uap air samudra menjadi terkuras dalam isotop yang lebih berat (oksigen-18) karena massa udara didinginkan dan kehilangan air melalui presipitasi. Ketika <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a> mengembun dan jatuh seperti <a href="/wiki/Salju" title="Salju">salju</a>, komposisi isotopnya juga bergantung pada suhu udara. Salju yang jatuh di atas lapisan es besar menjadi lebih ringan secara isotop.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saat salju semakin tinggi di permukaan <a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">gletser</a> yang lebih dingin dan lebih jauh dari sumber air. Akibatnya, lapisan es besar menyimpan air yang relatif ringan,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan selama glasiasi besar, air laut menjadi relatif lebih berat<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> daripada selama masa interglasial ketika ada lebih sedikit es global. Dengan demikian, <a href="/wiki/Cangkang" class="mw-disambig" title="Cangkang">cangkang</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisme laut (halaman belum tersedia)">organisme laut</a> yang terbentuk selama glasiasi mengandung lebih banyak oksigen-18 daripada cangkang yang terbentuk selama interglasiasi. Meskipun hubungan yang tepat tidak diketahui, sekitar 70 persen dari perubahan isotop karbonat cangkang adalah hasil dari perubahan komposisi isotop air laut. Karena yang terakhir secara langsung berkaitan dengan volume es di darat, catatan isotop oksigen laut terutama merupakan catatan <a href="/wiki/Glasiasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasiasi">glasiasi</a> masa lalu di benua. </p><p>Sampel inti panjang yang diambil di bagian laut di mana tingkat sedimentasi tinggi dan umumnya terus menerus dan di mana perubahan suhu air relatif kecil telah mengungkapkan catatan panjang perubahan isotop oksigen yang menunjukkan glasiasi berulang dan <a href="/wiki/Interglasial" title="Interglasial">interglasiasi</a> kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Pliosen" title="Pliosen">Pliosen</a>. Catatan tersebut relatif konsisten dari satu sampel inti ke sampel inti berikutnya dan dapat dikorelasikan di seluruh lautan. Periode yang lebih hangat (interglasial) diberi nomor ganjil dengan interval hangat saat ini, Holosen, menjadi 1, sedangkan periode glasial yang lebih dingin diberi nomor genap. Subdivisi dalam tahap isotop digambarkan dengan huruf. Usia batas subdivisi tidak dapat diukur secara langsung, tetapi dapat diperkirakan dari usia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiometrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiometrik (halaman belum tersedia)">radiometrik</a> yang tersedia dari inti dan dari posisi sehubungan dengan batas paleomagnetik dan penanda <a href="/wiki/Biostratigrafi" title="Biostratigrafi">biostratigrafi</a>, dan juga dengan menggunakan laju sedimentasi relatif terhadap data ini. </p><p>Catatan selama 730.000 tahun terakhir menunjukkan bahwa delapan peristiwa glasial dan interglasial utama atau siklus iklim dengan durasi sekitar 100.000 tahun terjadi selama interval ini. Sebuah catatan isotop dari <a href="/wiki/Atlantik_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantik Utara">Atlantik Utara</a> menunjukkan glasiasi besar pertama di wilayah itu terjadi sekitar 2.400.000 tahun yang lalu. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa glasiasi pertama kemungkinan telah menutupi wilayah luas <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Utara" title="Amerika Utara">Amerika Utara</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> terjadi sekitar 850.000 tahun yang lalu selama tahap isotop oksigen 22. Glasiasi terbesar tampaknya terjadi selama kala 2, 6, 12, dan 16; interglasial dengan es global paling sedikit, dan dengan demikian mungkin yang terpanas, tampaknya adalah kala 1, 5, 9, dan 11. Interglasiasi terakhir terjadi selama semua tahap 5 atau hanya sub-kala 5e, tergantung pada lokasi; glasiasi terakhir terjadi pada kala 4, 3, dan 2; dan interglasiasi saat ini jatuh selama kala 1. </p><p>Rekaman isotop laut adalah rekaman berkelanjutan, tidak seperti kebanyakan rekaman terestrial, yang mengandung celah karena <a href="/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi">erosi</a> atau kurangnya sedimentasi dan pembentukan tanah atau kombinasi dari faktor-faktor ini. Karena kesinambungannya dan catatannya yang sangat baik tentang peristiwa iklim di darat (glasiasi), catatan isotop oksigen laut adalah standar yang menghubungkan catatan terestrial dan <a href="/wiki/Stratigrafi" title="Stratigrafi">stratigrafi</a> lainnya. Korelasi dengannya didasarkan pada usia <a href="/wiki/Kronometri" title="Kronometri">kronometrik</a> yang tersedia, pada data <a href="/wiki/Paleomagnetisme" title="Paleomagnetisme">paleomagnetik</a> jika tersedia, dan pada upaya untuk mencocokkan catatan terestrial dan interpretasinya dengan karakteristik khusus dari kurva isotop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_Loess_dan_Paleosol">Catatan Loess dan Paleosol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan Loess dan Paleosol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan Loess dan Paleosol"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> Tengah ditutupi oleh endapan <a href="/wiki/Debu" title="Debu">debu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lanau" title="Lanau">lanau</a> yang tertiup angin, yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a>. Loess secara lokal tebalnya lebih dari 100 meter (328 kaki), menutupi lereng bukit dan membentuk dataran tinggi dan dataran tinggi loess. Loess terakumulasi terutama pada saat-saat yang lebih dingin dan lebih kering daripada saat ini, dan sebagian besar berasal dari daerah gurun di barat. <a href="/wiki/Suksesi_(geologi)" title="Suksesi (geologi)">Suksesi</a> loess mengandung banyak tanah terkubur berwarna-warni atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleosol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleosol (halaman belum tersedia)">paleosol</a> yang terbentuk selama periode yang lebih hangat dan lebih basah daripada hari ini. Jadi, di dataran stabil dengan erosi minimal, suksesi memberikan catatan iklim dan kronologis yang luar biasa yang membentang kembali 2,4 juta tahun ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pliosen_Akhir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pliosen Akhir (halaman belum tersedia)">Pliosen Akhir</a>. Secara total, hingga 44 siklus iklim telah digambarkan, dengan siklus yang lebih sering terjadi selama <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Awal" title="Pleistosen Awal">Pleistosen Awal</a>. Meskipun tidak secara langsung berhubungan dengan <a href="/wiki/Glasial" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasial">glasiasi</a>, korelasi dengan rekaman isotop oksigen laut sangat baik, dan banyak unit tanah dan loess spesifik memiliki kesimpulan iklim yang serupa, seperti halnya tahap oksigen-18 korelatifnya. </p><p>Suksesi loess dan paleosol lainnya terjadi di <a href="/wiki/Republik_Ceko" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Ceko">Republik Ceko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, di mana loess menyelimuti teras sungai-sungai besar yang mengalir ke timur dan selatan dari daerah-daerah gletser utama di <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Alpen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegunungan Alpen">Pegunungan Alpen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Utara" title="Eropa Utara">Eropa Utara</a>. Seperti di Tiongkok, tanah terkubur adalah umum dalam suksesi loess dan bersama dengan cangkang gastropoda, memberikan data paleoklimat dan bukti perubahan iklim. Siklus iklim bervariasi dari kondisi dingin dan kering ketika kehilangan terakumulasi hingga kondisi hangat dan basah dengan hutan kayu keras dan tanah yang berkembang dengan baik. Dalam 730.000 tahun terakhir, delapan siklus iklim telah digambarkan; ini berkorelasi dengan delapan siklus oksigen-18 yang terjadi dalam catatan kelautan selama interval waktu yang sama. Selama seluruh Pleistosen, sekitar 17 kala <a href="/wiki/Glasial" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasial">glasial</a> diselingi dengan 17 <a href="/wiki/Interglasial" title="Interglasial">interglasial</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_glasial">Catatan glasial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan glasial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan glasial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pecahan es yang secara langsung diendapkan oleh gletser, meliputi wilayah luas Eurasia Utara dan Amerika Utara bagian Utara dan juga terdapat di banyak wilayah pegunungan dan wilayah lain yang saat ini tidak tertutup es glasial. <a href="/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah">Tanah</a> yang berasal dari iklim hangat yang terkubur di antara lahan pertanian telah dikenal sejak lama dan memberikan dasar bagi pengembangan gagasan glaciation ganda selama Pleistosen. Namun, karena penanggalan langsung dari endapan umumnya tidak mungkin dan urutan glasial tidak lengkap sebagai akibat dari erosi atau nondeposisi atau kombinasi keduanya, pengembangan catatan kronologis yang panjang dan korelasi dengan catatan oksigen-18 sulit dilakukan. Korelasi umumnya dimungkinkan untuk dua siklus iklim terakhir. Mereka juga layak di daerah di mana suksesi glasial mengandung batuan vulkanik berseling dari mana usia radiometrik dapat diperoleh. </p><p>Di wilayah Amerika Serikat bagian tengah, pekerjaan awal mengakui pengolahan tanah yang ditafsirkan mewakili empat glasiasi utama dan tiga tanah terkubur utama yang dianggap mewakili interglasiasi. Pekerjaan selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa catatan glasiasi lebih kompleks dan bagian dari catatan yang lebih tua tidak berkorelasi. Akibatnya, bagian catatan yang lebih tua secara informal disebut sebagai pra-Illinoian, dan istilah glasial dan interglasial yang lebih tua tidak lagi digunakan kecuali secara lokal. <a href="/wiki/Abu_vulkanik" title="Abu vulkanik">Abu vulkanik</a> terjadi dalam suksesi di <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> dan bermanfaat untuk korelasi dan penanggalan. Dalam satu inti, sampai terjadi di bawah abu yang telah berumur sekitar 2,2 juta tahun, menunjukkan glasiasi Pliosen Akhir. <i>Tilt</i> lain dari urutan pra-Illinoian mungkin berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 tahap 22, 16, dan 12, dan mungkin yang lain. Illinoian berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 tahap 6 dan mungkin tahap 8, dan Sangamonian berkorelasi dengan tahap 5. Interval glasial terakhir, Wisconsinan, dibagi menjadi tiga bagian, stad awal, interstadial tengah, dan tahap akhir glasiasi. Interval ini umumnya berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 tahap 4, 3, dan 2, masing-masing. Deposit dari Wisconsinan Awal dan Tengah kurang dikenal di wilayah tengah benua Amerika Serikat; daerah itu mungkin tidak mengalami glasiasi. Pecahan es dari Wisconsin Awal dan bahkan beberapa yang berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 subtahap 5d atau 5b, bagaimanapun, adalah umum di Arktik Kanada dan di Pulau Baffin, di mana lapisan es berkembang jauh lebih awal. Baru pada akhir Wisconsinan, sekitar 18.000 tahun yang lalu, batas lapisan es selatan mencapai batas maksimumnya di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada bagian timur dan barat. Lapisan es mulai menipis segera setelah mencapai posisi maksimumnya, dan Amerika Serikat mengalami deglasiasi sekitar 10.000 tahun yang lalu. <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Hudson" title="Teluk Hudson">Teluk Hudson</a>, dekat pusat lapisan es, terbuka ke laut pada 8.000 tahun yang lalu, dan, kecuali untuk lapisan es Barnes dan Penny di Pulau Baffin, lapisan es telah menghilang dari daerah dataran tinggi di Kanada tengah selama 6.000 tahun. lalu, jauh ke dalam Holosen dan oksigen-18 tahap 1. </p><p>Kronologi yang agak mirip telah dikembangkan untuk daerah gletser di Eurasia dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepulauan Inggris">Kepulauan Inggris</a> berdasarkan berbagai kriteria. Selain tanah yang digarap dan dikubur, endapan laut, <a href="/wiki/Ibun_abadi" title="Ibun abadi">ibun abadi</a>, dan fosil <a href="/wiki/Serbuk_sari" title="Serbuk sari">serbuk sari</a> dan kumbang telah digunakan untuk membagi suksesi berdasarkan iklim. Seperti di tempat lain, bagian sebelumnya dari catatan ini tidak ditetapkan dengan baik, dan korelasi antara wilayah geografis yang berbeda, serta catatan oksigen-18 laut, tidak pasti. Periode dingin pertama, yang dikenal sebagai Pretiglian dan berdasarkan data serbuk sari dari Belanda, dimulai sekitar 2,3 juta tahun yang lalu, segera setelah material rakit es yang luas pertama kali muncul di inti laut dalam Atlantik Utara. Pretiglian diikuti oleh suksesi interval hangat dan dingin, yang juga didasarkan pada serbuk sari dan bukti flora dan fauna lainnya dan yang telah diberi nama berbeda di berbagai wilayah. Meskipun beberapa kerikil tua dengan ketidakteraturan glasial diketahui, kala glasial utama tertua dengan deposit yang luas adalah Elsterian di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> utara dan Anglian di Inggris. Glasiasi ini mungkin berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 tahap 12, dan bukti lokal menunjukkan kemungkinan peristiwa glasial sebelumnya. Di sepanjang wilayah pesisir, pengolahan ini ditutupi oleh endapan Holstein laut, yang juga dapat mewakili lebih dari satu tegakan permukaan laut yang tinggi. Urutan glasial utama berikutnya adalah Saalian di Jerman, yang dibagi lagi menjadi Drenthe dan Warthe; ini mungkin berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 tahap 8 dan 6, masing-masing. Endapan dan tanah dari interglasiasi terakhir, Eemian dan Ipswichian, berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 tahap 5e, dan glasiasi terakhir, Weichselian dan Devens, berkorelasi dengan oksigen-18 tahap 5d–a, 4, 3, dan 2 Seperti di Amerika Utara bagian Tengah, pengolahan tanah dan endapan lainnya hanya diketahui dari bagian terakhir interval ini. Sejarah deglasiasi umumnya serupa, kecuali untuk interval pendek aktivitas glasial baru yang meluas dan kondisi iklim dingin yang dikenal sebagai Dryas Muda di <a href="/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a> dan Loch Lomond di Kepulauan Inggris. Peristiwa ini terjadi sekitar 11.000 tahun yang lalu, sekitar 2.000 tahun sebelum hilangnya lapisan es. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_inti_es">Catatan inti es</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan inti es" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan inti es"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catatan iklim Pleistosen dan Holosen Akhir yang relatif singkat berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Inti_es" title="Inti es">inti es</a> yang diambil dari lapisan es Antartika, Greenland, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktik_Kanada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arktik Kanada (halaman belum tersedia)">Arktik Kanada</a>. Catatan es di beberapa inti meluas kembali ke interglasiasi terakhir (oksigen-18 tahap 5) dan, dalam satu kasus, ke glasiasi berikutnya-terakhir (tahap 6). Meskipun penanggalan bagian bawah inti es sulit dilakukan, lapisan salju dan es tahunan dapat dihitung di bagian atas dan skala waktu yang akurat direkonstruksi. Karena suhu udara pada saat kelembapan mengembun dan turun sebagai salju mengontrol komposisi isotop oksigen dan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> dari salju, peneliti dapat merekonstruksi variasi suhu melalui studi isotop dari inti es. Data dari inti Vostok yang diambil dari Lapisan Es Antartika Timur menunjukkan bahwa catatan iklim Belahan Bumi Selatan mirip dengan yang diinterpretasikan dari catatan Belahan Bumi Utara sehubungan dengan waktu glasiasi dan interglasiasi. Hal ini juga memungkinkan untuk mengukur jumlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikropartikel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikropartikel (halaman belum tersedia)">mikropartikel</a> di dalam es, dan studi semacam ini menunjukkan bahwa ada lebih banyak partikel di bagian inti yang terakumulasi selama periode glasiasi yang luas, tampaknya mencerminkan sirkulasi atmosfer yang lebih besar dan debu di <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfer">atmosfer</a> pada waktu itu. Udara yang terperangkap yang diawetkan dalam gelembung-gelembung kecil di dalam es memberikan indikasi komposisi atmosfer pada saat es salju terakumulasi. Hasil penting dari pekerjaan ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> di atmosfer selama glasial terakhir (tahap 2, 3, dan 4) secara substansial lebih sedikit daripada selama Holosen (tahap 1) dan interglasial terakhir (tahap 5e). Pengamatan ini memiliki dampak yang signifikan sehubungan dengan iklim dan <a href="/wiki/Perubahan_iklim" title="Perubahan iklim">perubahan iklim</a> selama transisi glasial dan interglasial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ICC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J.-X. (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf">"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. International Commission on Stratigraphy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Chronostratigraphic+Chart&rft.pub=International+Commission+on+Stratigraphy&rft.date=2020-01&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft.au=Finney%2C+S.+C.&rft.au=Gibbard%2C+P.+L.&rft.au=Fan%2C+J.-X.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratigraphy.org%2FICSchart%2FChronostratChart2020-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APleistosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FRS_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mike Walker; et al. (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quaternary.stratigraphy.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Walker-et-al.-2018_Episodes_online.pdf">"Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Episodes</i>. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS). <b>41</b> (4): 213–223. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2018%2F018016">10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=Formal+ratification+of+the+subdivision+of+the+Holocene+Series%2FEpoch+%28Quaternary+System%2FPeriod%29&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=213-223&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2018%2F018016&rft.au=Mike+Walker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquaternary.stratigraphy.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F07%2FWalker-et-al.-2018_Episodes_online.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APleistosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gibbard, Philip; Head, Martin (September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/quaternary-pleistocene.pdf">"The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Episodes</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 152–158. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2010%2Fv33i3%2F002">10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=The+newly-ratified+definition+of+the+Quaternary+System%2FPeriod+and+redefinition+of+the+Pleistocene+Series%2FEpoch%2C+and+comparison+of+proposals+advanced+prior+to+formal+ratification&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=152-158&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2010%2Fv33i3%2F002&rft.aulast=Gibbard&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Head%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstratigraphy.org%2Fgssps%2Ffiles%2Fquaternary-pleistocene.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APleistosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Walker, Mike; Johnse, Sigfus; Rasmussen, Sune; Steffensen, Jørgen-Peder; Popp, Trevor; Gibbard, Phillip; et al. (June 2008). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) in the NGRIP ice core". <i>Episodes</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 264–267. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2008%2Fv31i2%2F016">10.18814/epiiugs/2008/v31i2/016</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=The+Global+Stratotype+Section+and+Point+%28GSSP%29+for+the+base+of+the+Holocene+Series%2FEpoch+%28Quaternary+System%2FPeriod%29+in+the+NGRIP+ice+core&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=264-267&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2008%2Fv31i2%2F016&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Johnse%2C+Sigfus&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Sune&rft.au=Steffensen%2C+J%C3%B8rgen-Peder&rft.au=Popp%2C+Trevor&rft.au=Gibbard%2C+Phillip&rft.au=Hoek%2C+Wilm&rft.au=Lowe%2C+John&rft.au=Andrews%2C+John&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rck%2C+Svante&rft.au=Cwynar%2C+Les&rft.au=Hughen%2C+Konrad&rft.au=Kershaw%2C+Peter&rft.au=Kromer%2C+Bernd&rft.au=Litt%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Lowe%2C+David&rft.au=Nakagawa%2C+Takeshi&rft.au=Newnham%2C+Rewi&rft.au=Schwande%2C+Jakob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APleistosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">/ensiklopedi indonesia,pt ichtiar baru- van hoeve, jakarta<i></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perubahan ukuran butir loess menunjukkan perubahan iklim regional.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mengandung lebih sedikit oksigen-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">mengandung lebih banyak oksigen-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">mengandung lebih banyak oksigen-18</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleistosen&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/geowhen/stages/Pleistocene.html">GeoWhen: Pleistocene</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Pleistocene-Epoch">Britannica: Pleistocene</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pleistocene" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pleistocene"><b><i>Pleistosen</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:20px 0px; clear:both;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Skala_waktu_geologi" title="Skala waktu geologi">Skala waktu geologi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eon">eon</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Era_(geologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Era (geologi)">era</a></b><br 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href="/wiki/Senozoikum" class="mw-redirect" title="Senozoikum">Masa Senozoikum<br /><small>(sekarang-66,0 Mtyl)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Kuarter" title="Kuarter">Kuarter <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(sekarang-2,58 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">Holosen <small>(sekarang-11,7 ktyl)</small></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pleistosen <small>(11,7 ktyl-2,58 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">Neogen <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(2,58-23,03 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pliosen" title="Pliosen">Pliosen <small>(2,58-5,333 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miosen" title="Miosen">Miosen <small>(5,333-23,03 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Paleogen" title="Paleogen">Paleogen <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(23,03-66,0 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oligosen" title="Oligosen">Oligosen <small>(23,03-33,9 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosen" title="Eosen">Eosen <small>(33,9-56,0 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleosen" title="Paleosen">Paleosen <small>(56,0-66,0 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesozoikum" title="Mesozoikum">Masa Mesozoikum<br /><small>(66,0-252,17 Mtyl)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Kapur_(periode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapur (periode)">Kapur <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(66,0-145,0 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapur_Akhir" title="Kapur Akhir">Akhir <small>(66,0-100,5 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapur_Awal" title="Kapur Awal">Awal <small>(100,5-145,0 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Jura_(periode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jura (periode)">Jura <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(145,0-201,3 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Akhir" title="Jura Akhir">Akhir <small>(145,0-163,5 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Tengah" title="Jura Tengah">Tengah <small>(163,5-174,1 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Awal" title="Jura Awal">Awal <small>(174,1-201,3 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Trias" title="Trias">Trias <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(201,3-252,17 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trias_Akhir" title="Trias Akhir">Akhir <small>(201,3-237 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trias_Tengah" title="Trias Tengah">Tengah <small>(237-247,2 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trias_Awal" title="Trias Awal">Awal <small>(247,2-252,17 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoikum" title="Paleozoikum">Masa Paleozoikum<br /><small>(252,17-541,0 Mtyl)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Perem" title="Perem">Perem <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(252,17-298,9 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lopingium" title="Lopingium">Lopingium <small>(252,17-259,8 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupium" title="Guadalupium">Guadalupium <small>(259,8-272,3 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisuralium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisuralium">Cisuralium <small>(272,3-298,9 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Karbon_(zaman)" title="Karbon (zaman)">Karbon <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(298,9-358,9 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geologi)" title="Pennsylvanian (geologi)">Pennsylvanian <small>(298,9-323,2 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippian">Mississippian <small>(323,2-358,9 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Devon_(periode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devon (periode)">Devon <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(358,9-419,2 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Akhir" title="Devon Akhir">Akhir <small>(358,9-382,7 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Tengah" title="Devon Tengah">Tengah <small>(382,7-393,3 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Awal" title="Devon Awal">Awal <small>(393,3-419,2 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Silur" title="Silur">Silur <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(419,2-443,8 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pridoli_(kala)" title="Pridoli (kala)">Pridolium <small>(419,2-423,0 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_(kala)" title="Ludlow (kala)">Ludlow <small>(423,0-427,4 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenlock_(kala)" title="Wenlock (kala)">Wenlock <small>(427,4-433,4 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandoverium" title="Llandoverium">Llandoverium <small>(433,4-443,8 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Ordovisium" title="Ordovisium">Ordovisium <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(443,8-485,4 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordovisium_Akhir" title="Ordovisium Akhir">Akhir <small>(443,8-458,4 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordovisium_Tengah" title="Ordovisium Tengah">Tengah <small>(458,4-470,0 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordovisium_Awal" title="Ordovisium Awal">Awal <small>(470,0-485,4 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Kambrium" title="Kambrium">Kambrium <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(485,4-541,0 Mtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furongium" title="Furongium">Furongium <small>(485,4-497 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaolingium" title="Miaolingium">Miaolingium <small>(497-509 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambrium_Seri_2" title="Kambrium Seri 2">Seri 2 <small>(509-521 Mtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terreneuvium" title="Terreneuvium">Terreneuvium <small>(521-541,0 Mtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prekambrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Prekambrium">Prekambrium supereon<br /><small>(541,0 Mtyl-4,567 Gtyl)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoikum" title="Proterozoikum">Proterozoikum <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(541,0 Mtyl-2,5 Gtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoikum" title="Neoproterozoikum">Neoproterozoikum <small>(541,0 Mtyl-1 Gtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoikum" title="Mesoproterozoikum">Mesoproterozoikum <small>(1-1,6 Gtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoikum" title="Paleoproterozoikum">Paleoproterozoikum <small>(1,6-2,5 Gtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Arkean" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkean">Arkean <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(2,5-4 Gtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoarkean" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoarkean">Neoarkean <small>(2,5-2,8 Gtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoarkean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoarkean">Mesoarkean <small>(2,8-3,2 Gtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoarkean" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoarkean">Paleoarkean <small>(3,2-3,6 Gtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoarkean" class="mw-redirect" title="Eoarkean">Eoarkean <small>(3,6-4 Gtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:18em"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadean">Hadean <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(4-4,567 Gtyl)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neohadean" class="mw-redirect" title="Neohadean">Neohadean <small>(4-4,1 Gtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesohadean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesohadean">Mesohadean <small>(4,1-4,3 Gtyl)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleohadean" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleohadean">Paleohadean <small>(4,3-4,567 Gtyl)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktyl_(satuan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ktyl (satuan) (halaman belum tersedia)">ktyl</a> = ribuan tahun yang lalu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtyl_(satuan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mtyl (satuan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Mtyl</a> = juta tahun yang lalu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gtyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gtyl (halaman belum tersedia)">Gtyl</a> = miliar tahun yang lalu.<br />Sumber: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2015-01,jpg">(2015/01)</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a>. Retrieved 13 July 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3015/fs2007-3015,pdf">Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units</a> USGS Retrieved 10 March 2013, </small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/30px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/45px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/60px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik geologi ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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