CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="km" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ធរណីវិទ្យា - វិគីភីឌា</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )kmwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".",","],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "០\t១\t២\t៣\t៤\t៥\t៦\t៧\t៨\t៩"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"km","wgMonthNames":["","ខែមករា","ខែកុម្ភៈ","ខែមីនា","ខែមេសា","ខែឧសភា","ខែមិថុនា","ខែកក្កដា","ខែសីហា","ខែកញ្ញា","ខែតុលា","ខែវិច្ឆិកា","ខែធ្នូ"],"wgRequestId":"5707a697-4b57-43d0-975d-44b142f33e14","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ធរណីវិទ្យា","wgTitle":"ធរណីវិទ្យា","wgCurRevisionId":309344,"wgRevisionId":309344,"wgArticleId":50538,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["តំណវេយប៊ែខទំព័រគំរូវេបបណ្ណសារ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"km","wgPageContentLanguage":"km","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "ធរណីវិទ្យា","wgRelevantArticleId":50538,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"km","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"km"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1069","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg/800px-Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg/640px-Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ធរណីវិទ្យា - វិគីភីឌា"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//km.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="កែប្រែ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="វិគីភីឌា (km)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//km.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.km"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom Feed នៃ វិគីភីឌា" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ធរណីវិទ្យា rootpage-ធរណីវិទ្យា skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="បញ្ជីដើម" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">បញ្ជីដើម</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">បញ្ជីដើម</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ការណែនាំ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ចូលមើលទំព័រដើម [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ទំព័រដើម</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97" title="បញ្ជីបន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗនៅក្នុងវិគីនេះ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>បន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ជំនួយបន្ថែម"><span>ជំនួយ</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97"><span>ទំព័រថ្មីៗ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99" title="ផ្ទុកទំព័រចៃដន្យមួយទំព័រ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ទំព័រចៃដន្យ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-community" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-community" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> សហគមន៍ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-admin" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84"><span>សុំធ្វើជាអ្នកអភិបាល</span></a></li><li id="n-rename" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98"><span>សុំប្តូរអត្តនាម</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D" title="អំពីគម្រោង អ្វីដែលអ្នកអាចធ្វើបាន និងកន្លែងស្វែងរកព័ត៌មាន"><span>ផតថលសហគមន៍</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="វិគីភីឌា" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-km.svg" style="width: 5.0625em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-km.svg" width="81" height="14" style="width: 5.0625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ស្វែងរក</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា" aria-label="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ពិសេស:ស្វែងរក"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ស្វែងរក</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=km" class=""><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។" class=""><span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="បញ្ជីសម្រាប់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=km"><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទំព័រសម្រាប់អ្នកកែសម្រួលដែលបានកត់ឈ្មោះចេញ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:Introduction" aria-label="ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែមអំពីការកែសម្រួល"><span>ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែម</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="បញ្ជីកំណែប្រែធ្វើឡើងពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ការរួមចំណែក</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីកំណែប្រែដែលធ្វើឡើងចេញពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eលាក់\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"km\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cstyle data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r296058\"\u003E.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}\u003C/style\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice\" role=\"presentation\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mbox-image-div\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"620\" data-file-height=\"620\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mbox-text-span\"\u003Eក្រុមការងារយើង កំពុងស្វែងរកអ្នកស្ម័គ្រចិត្តដែលចង់ចូលរួមពង្រីកបណ្ដាញសមគមន៍វិគីភីឌាយើង។ \u003Cbr /\u003E\nសូមទំនាក់ទំនងមកកាន់ក្រុមការងារយើង តាមរយៈបណ្ដាញសង្គម social media ខាងក្រោម៖\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"center\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://facebook.com/kmwp.fb\"\u003EFB Fan Page\u003C/a\u003E |\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://twitter.com/KhmerWikipedia\"\u003ETwitter\u003C/a\u003E |\n\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimedia-kh\"\u003EMailing List\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="មាតិកា" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">មាតិកា</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ក្បាលទំព័រ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១</span> <span>វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-រ៉ែ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#រ៉ែ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១.១</span> <span>រ៉ែ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-រ៉ែ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-សិលា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សិលា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១.២</span> <span>សិលា</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សិលា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-រូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#រូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១.៣</span> <span>រូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលា</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-រូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ម៉ាក់ម៉ា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ម៉ាក់ម៉ា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១.៣.១</span> <span>ម៉ាក់ម៉ា</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ម៉ាក់ម៉ា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">២</span> <span>ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">២.១</span> <span>ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ទម្រង់ផែនដី" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ទម្រង់ផែនដី"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">២.២</span> <span>ទម្រង់ផែនដី</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ទម្រង់ផែនដី-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ឯកសារយោង" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ឯកសារយោង"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">៣</span> <span>ឯកសារយោង</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ឯកសារយោង-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="មាតិកា" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ធរណីវិទ្យា</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ១៨៨ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">១៨៨ ភាសា</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – អាហ្វ្រិកាន" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="អាហ្វ្រិកាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5_(%E1%8C%82%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%8E%E1%8C%82)" title="መሬት ጥናት (ጂዮሎጂ) – អាំហារិក" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሬት ጥናት (ጂዮሎጂ)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="អាំហារិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheoloch%C3%ADa" title="Cheolochía – អារ៉ាហ្គោន" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cheolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាហ្គោន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – អាហ្គីកា" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="អាហ្គីកា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – អារ៉ាប់" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía – អាស្ទូរី" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="អាស្ទូរី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ژئولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژئولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – បាស្គៀ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="បាស្គៀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Geuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Geuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геалогія – បេឡារុស" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="បេឡារុស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – ប៊ុលហ្ការី" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूबिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भूबिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jialoji" title="Jialoji – ប៊ីស្លាម៉ា" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jialoji" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="ប៊ីស្លាម៉ា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘူမိဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဘူမိဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="ভূতত্ত্ব – បង់ក្លាដែស" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="បង់ក្លាដែស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douarouriezh" title="Douarouriezh – ប្រ៊ីស្តុន" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douarouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ប្រ៊ីស្តុន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – បូស្នី" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="បូស្នី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – កាតាឡាន" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="កាតាឡាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-c%C3%A9k" title="Dê-cék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-cék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زەویناسی – ឃើដភាគកណ្តាល" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەویناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ឃើដភាគកណ្តាល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolugia" title="Geolugia – កូស៊ីខាន" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Geolugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="កូស៊ីខាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – ឆែក" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ឆែក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – ឈូវ៉ាស" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ឈូវ៉ាស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeareg" title="Daeareg – វេល" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Daeareg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="វេល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ដាណឺម៉ាក" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ដាណឺម៉ាក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – អាល្លឺម៉ង់" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6%C3%B6ck%C3%A4t%C3%B6upiny" title="Piööckätöupiny – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piööckätöupiny" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AAolociye" title="Cêolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cêolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γεωλογία – ក្រិក" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωλογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ក្រិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%AE" title="Geologî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Geologî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – អង់គ្លេស" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="អង់គ្លេស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologio" title="Geologio – អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%ADa" title="Geología – អេស្ប៉ាញ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="អេស្ប៉ាញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoloogia" title="Geoloogia – អេស្តូនី" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="អេស្តូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – បាសខ៍" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="បាសខ៍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمین‌شناسی – ភឺសៀន" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ភឺសៀន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – ហ្វាំងឡង់" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ហ្វាំងឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoloogia" title="Geoloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Geoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0fr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Jarðfrøði – ហ្វារូស" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jarðfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ហ្វារូស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie – បារាំង" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="បារាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C2%B7eologia" title="G·eologia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="G·eologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologii" title="Geologii – ហ្វ្រ៊ីសៀនខាងជើង" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Geologii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ្រ៊ីសៀនខាងជើង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeologjie" title="Gjeologjie – ហ៊្វ្រូលាន" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjeologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ហ៊្វ្រូលាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – ហ្វ្រីស៊ានខាងលិច" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ្រីស៊ានខាងលិច" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geola%C3%ADocht" title="Geolaíocht – អៀរឡង់" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Geolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="អៀរឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9oloji" title="Jéoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jéoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%B2las" title="Geòlas – ស្កុតហ្កែលិគ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Geòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ស្កុតហ្កែលិគ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía – ហ្កាលីស្យាន" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ហ្កាលីស្យាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyrekokuaa" title="Yvyrekokuaa – ហ្គូរ៉ានី" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyrekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ហ្គូរ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmin_duwatsu" title="Ilmin duwatsu – ហូសា" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ilmin duwatsu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ហូសា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huli_honua" title="Huli honua – ហាវ៉ៃ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Huli honua" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ហាវ៉ៃ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="גאולוגיה – ហេប្រឺ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ហេប្រឺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – ហិណ្ឌី" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ហិណ្ឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – ក្រូអាត" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewoloji" title="Jewoloji – ហៃទី" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jewoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ហៃទី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geol%C3%B3gia" title="Geológia – ហុងគ្រី" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ហុងគ្រី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երկրաբանություն – អាមេនី" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="អាមេនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – អ៊ីនធើលីង" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីនធើលីង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – អ៊ីបាន" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីបាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohia" title="Heolohia – អ៊ីឡូកូ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Heolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីឡូកូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologio" title="Geologio – អ៊ីដូ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Geologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីដូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Jarðfræði – អ៊ីស្លង់" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីស្លង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – អ៊ីតាលី" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីតាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%A6" title="地質学 – ជប៉ុន" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地質学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ជប៉ុន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaaloji" title="Jaaloji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jaaloji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligytedyske" title="ligytedyske – លុចបាន" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ligytedyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="លុចបាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologi" title="Géologi – ជ្វា" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Géologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ជ្វា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოლოგია – ហ្សកហ្ស៊ី" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ហ្សកហ្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – កាហ្សាក់" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="កាហ្សាក់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunarsualerineq" title="Nunarsualerineq – កាឡាលលីស៊ុត" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nunarsualerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="កាឡាលលីស៊ុត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂರಚನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – ខាណាដា" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂರಚನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ខាណាដា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99" title="지질학 – កូរ៉េ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지질학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="កូរ៉េ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdnas%C3%AE" title="Erdnasî – ឃឺដ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erdnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ឃឺដ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dororieth" title="Dororieth – កូនីស" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dororieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="កូនីស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – កៀហ្ស៊ីស" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="កៀហ្ស៊ីស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – ឡាតំាង" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ឡាតំាង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolojiya" title="Jeolojiya – ឡាឌីណូ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Jeolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ឡាឌីណូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – លុចសំបួ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="លុចសំបួ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – ឡេសហ្គី" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ឡេសហ្គី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolojia" title="Jeolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jeolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – លីមប៊ូស" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="លីមប៊ូស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geulugia" title="Geulugia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Geulugia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9bi_mak%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B" title="Zébi makɛ́lɛ – លីនកាឡា" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zébi makɛ́lɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="លីនកាឡា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ທໍລະນີສາດ – ឡាវ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທໍລະນີສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ឡាវ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – លីទុយអានី" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="លីទុយអានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ģeoloģija – ឡាតវី" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ឡាតវី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Геологиясь – មុខសា" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Геологиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="មុខសា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Jeôlôjia – ម៉ាឡាហ្គាស៊ី" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jeôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាហ្គាស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Геологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Геологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81tai_aro_whenua" title="Tātai aro whenua – ម៉ោរី" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tātai aro whenua" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="ម៉ោរី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геологија – ម៉ាសេដូនី" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Геологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាសេដូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂഗർഭശാസ്ത്രം – ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂഗർഭശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – ម៉ុងហ្គោលី" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ម៉ុងហ្គោលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूशास्त्र – ម៉ារ៉ាធី" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ម៉ារ៉ាធី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ម៉ាឡេ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡេ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0eolo%C4%A1ija" title="Ġeoloġija – ម៉ាល់តា" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġeoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាល់តា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – មីរ៉ានដេស" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="មីរ៉ានដេស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘူမိဗေဒ – ភូមា" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘူမိဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ភូមា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7" title="زمین درست کر چیزها – ម៉ាហ្សានដឺរេនី" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زمین درست کر چیزها" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាហ្សានដឺរេនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tl%C4%81lmatiliztli" title="Tlālmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlālmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuloggia" title="Giuloggia – នាប៉ូលីតាន" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giuloggia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="នាប៉ូលីតាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – អាល្លឺម៉ង់ក្រោម" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់ក្រោម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – ហ្សាក់ស្យុងក្រោម" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ហ្សាក់ស្យុងក្រោម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – នេប៉ាល់" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="នេប៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूगर्भशास्त्र – នេវ៉ាវី" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भूगर्भशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="នេវ៉ាវី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – ហូឡង់" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ហូឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ន័រវែស នីនូស" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស នីនូស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Géologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – អូសីតាន់" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="អូសីតាន់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%27ooloojii" title="Ji'ooloojii – អូរ៉ូម៉ូ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ji'ooloojii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="អូរ៉ូម៉ូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – អូស៊ីទិក" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="អូស៊ីទិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – បឹនជាពិ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="បឹនជាពិ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – ប៉ាប៉ៃមេនតូ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ប៉ាប៉ៃមេនតូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolodjie" title="Jolodjie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jolodjie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiolojii" title="Jiolojii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jiolojii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – ប៉ូឡូញ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ប៉ូឡូញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%ACa" title="Geologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Geologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="دھرتی پڑھت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھرتی پڑھت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="ځمکپېژندنه – បាស្តូ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکپېژندنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="បាស្តូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiksimuyu_yachay" title="Tiksimuyu yachay – ហ្គិកឈួ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tiksimuyu yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ហ្គិកឈួ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – រូម៉ានី" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="រូម៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – រុស្ស៊ី" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="រុស្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґеолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґеолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="प्राचीनभूगर्भशास्त्रम् – សំស្ក្រឹត" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्राचीनभूगर्भशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="សំស្ក្រឹត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – សាខា" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="សាខា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giolugg%C3%ACa" title="Gioluggìa – ស៊ីស៊ីលាន" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ស៊ីស៊ីលាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – ស្កុត" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ស្កុត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضيات – ស៊ីនឌី" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ارضيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ស៊ីនឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – សឺបូក្រូអាត" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="សឺបូក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnakalt" title="Tasnakalt – តាឈីលហ៊ីត" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnakalt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="តាឈីលហ៊ីត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA" title="ပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလိၼ် – សាន" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလိၼ်" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="សាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="භූවේදය – ស្រីលង្កា" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භූවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ស្រីលង្កា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geol%C3%B3gia" title="Geológia – ស្លូវ៉ាគី" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ាគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضیات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ارضیات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – ស្លូវ៉ានី" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambachisi" title="Ruambachisi – សូណា" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambachisi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="សូណា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeologjia" title="Gjeologjia – អាល់បានី" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="អាល់បានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геологија – ស៊ែប" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ស៊ែប" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeoloji" title="Jeoloji – សូថូខាងត្បូង" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Jeoloji" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="សូថូខាងត្បូង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologi" title="Géologi – ស៊ូដង់" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Géologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ស៊ូដង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ស៊ុយអែត" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ស៊ុយអែត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiolojia" title="Jiolojia – ស្វាហ៊ីលី" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ស្វាហ៊ីលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நிலவியல் – តាមីល" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="តាមីល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಭೂವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Заминшиносӣ – តាហ្ស៊ីគ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Заминшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="តាហ្ស៊ីគ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ธรณีวิทยา – ថៃ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธรณีวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ថៃ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi%C3%BDa" title="Geologiýa – តួកម៉េន" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Geologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="តួកម៉េន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologij%C9%99" title="Geologijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Geologijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeoloji" title="Jeoloji – ទួរគី" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jeoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ទួរគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – តាតា" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="តាតា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – ទូវីនៀ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ទូវីនៀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گېئولوگىيە – អ៊ុយហ្គឺរ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېئولوگىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយហ្គឺរ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геологія – អ៊ុយក្រែន" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយក្រែន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضیات – អ៊ូរឌូ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارضیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូរឌូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – អ៊ូសបេគ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូសបេគ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeo%C5%82ozia" title="Zeołozia – វេណេតូ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zeołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="វេណេតូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologii" title="Geologii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Geologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5t_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa chất học – វៀតណាម" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa chất học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="វៀតណាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talav" title="Talav – វូឡាពូក" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Talav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="វូឡាពូក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeyolodjeye" title="Djeyolodjeye – វ៉ាលូន" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeyolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="វ៉ាលូន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – វ៉ារេយ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="វ៉ារេយ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="地質學 – អ៊ូចិន" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地質學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJioloji" title="IJioloji – ឃសា" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJioloji" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ឃសា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="געאלאגיע – យ៉ីឌីស" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="យ៉ីឌីស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学 – ចិន" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地质学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-chit-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Tē-chit-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-chit-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="地質學 – កន្តាំង" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地質學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="កន្តាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់អន្តរភាសា" class="wbc-editpage">កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="លំហឈ្មោះ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="មើលទំព័រមាតិកា [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ទំព័រ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីទំព័រខ្លឹមសារនេះ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ភាសាខ្មែរ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="គំហើញ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6"><span>អាន</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit" title="កែប្រែកូដរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=history" title="កំណែកន្លងមករបស់ទំព័រនេះ ។ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>មើលប្រវត្តិ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ឧបករណ៍</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ឧបករណ៍</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> សកម្មភាព </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6"><span>អាន</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit" title="កែប្រែកូដរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=history"><span>មើលប្រវត្តិ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទូទៅ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81%E1%9F%87/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="បញ្ជីទំព័វិគីទាំងអស់ដែលភ្ជាប់មកទីនេះ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>អ្វីដែលភ្ជាប់មកទីនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" rel="nofollow" title="បន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗក្នុងទំព័រដែលត្រូវបានភ្ជាប់មកទំព័រនេះ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>បន្លាស់ប្ដូរដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=km" title="ផ្ទុកឯកសារឡើង [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ផ្ទុកឯកសារឡើង</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%97" title="បញ្ជីនៃទំព័រពិសេសទាំងអស់ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ទំព័រពិសេសៗ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&oldid=309344" title="តំណភ្ជាប់អចិន្ត្រៃយ៍ដែលភ្ជាប់មកកំណែនេះរបស់ទំព័រនេះ"><span>តំណភ្ជាប់អចិន្ត្រៃយ៍</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=info" title="ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមអំពីទំព័រនេះ"><span>ព័ត៌មានអំពីទំព័រនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&id=309344&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ព័ត៌មានអំពីរបៀបយោងទំព័រនេះ"><span>យោងទំព័រនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%258E%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%259C%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259E%25B6"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%258E%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%259C%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259E%25B6"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> បោះពុម្ព/នាំចេញ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6"><span>បង្កើតសៀវភៅ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=show-download-screen"><span>ទាញយកជា PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&printable=yes" title="ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ក្នុងគម្រោងផ្សេងៗទៀត </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Geology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ពីវិគីភីឌា</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="km" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg/220px-Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg/330px-Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg/440px-Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> ម៉ាក់ម៉ារឹងនៅកោះហាវ៉ៃ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ធរណីវិទ្យា</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស">អង់គ្លេស</a>: geology) គឺជាសាខាមួយនៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រធម្មជាតិ">វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រធម្មជាតិ</a>ដែលទាក់ទងនឹង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ផែនដី">ផែនដី</a>និងវត្ថុក្នុងលំហដទៃទៀត រួមទាំងសិលាដែលពួកវាត្រូវបានផ្សំឡើងនិងដំណើរការដែលពួកវាផ្លាស់ប្តូរតាមពេលវេលា។ <sup id="cite_ref-Geology_Definition_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geology_Definition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ធរណីវិទ្យាបច្ចុប្បន្នត្រួតលើគ្នាយ៉ាងសំខាន់ជាមួយវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រផែនដីផ្សេងទៀត រួមទាំងជលវិទ្យា ។ វាត្រូវបានរួមបញ្ចូលជាមួយវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រប្រព័ន្ធផែនដីនិងវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រភព។ </p><p>ធរណីវិទ្យាពណ៌នាអំពីទម្រង់របស់ផែនដីនៅលើនិងក្រោមផ្ទៃរបស់វា និងដំណើរការដែលបង្កើតទម្រង់នោះ។ ធរណីវិទូសិក្សាពីសមាសធាតុរ៉ែនៃសិលា ដើម្បីទទួលបានការយល់ដឹងអំពីប្រវត្តិនៃការកកើតរបស់វា។ ធរណីវិទ្យាកំណត់អាយុប្រៀបធៀបនៃសិលាដែលបានរកឃើញនៅទីតាំងណាមួយ ចំណែកឯភូគព្ភគីមី (សាខានៃធរណីវិទ្យា) កំណត់អាយុពិតរបស់ពួកគេ។ <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ដោយរួមបញ្ចូលគ្នានូវឧបករណ៍ជាច្រើន ធរណីវិទូអាចកត់ត្រាប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តធរណីនៃផែនដីទាំងមូល។ ទិដ្ឋភាពមួយគឺបង្ហាញពីអាយុរបស់ផែនដី។ ធរណីវិទ្យាផ្តល់ភស្តុតាងសម្រាប់ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច ប្រវត្តិនៃការវិវត្តន៍នៃជីវិត និងអាកាសធាតុអតីតកាលរបស់ផែនដី។ </p><p>ធរណីវិទូសិក្សាយ៉ាងទូលំទូលាយអំពីលក្ខណៈនិងដំណើរការនៃផែនដី និងភពដទៃទៀត។ ធរណីវិទូប្រើវិធីសាស្រ្តជាច្រើនដើម្បីស្វែងយល់ពីទម្រង់និងការវិវត្តរបស់ផែនដី រួមទាំង ការងារក្រៅមន្ទីរពិសោធន៍ ការពិពណ៌នាសិលា បច្ចេកទេសភូគព្ភរូបវន្ត ការវិភាគគីមី ការពិសោធន៍រូបវន្ត និងម៉ូដែលគំរូ។ ក្នុងន័យជាក់ស្តែង ធរណីវិទ្យាមានសារៈសំខាន់សម្រាប់ការរុករកនិងការធ្វើអាជីវកម្មរ៉ែនិងអ៊ីដ្រូកាបូន ការវាយតម្លៃធនធានទឹក ការយល់ដឹងអំពីគ្រោះថ្នាក់ធម្មជាតិ ការដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាបរិស្ថាន និងការផ្តល់នូវការយល់ដឹងអំពីការប្រែប្រួលអាកាសធាតុកន្លងមក។ ធរណីវិទ្យា គឺជាមុខវិជ្ជាសិក្សាដ៏សំខាន់មួយ ហើយវាជាស្នូលនៃវិស្វកម្មធរណីនិងដើរតួនាទីយ៉ាងសំខាន់ក្នុងវិស្វកម្មធរណីបច្ចេកទេស។ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ"><span id=".E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.90.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.95.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.81.E1.9E.84.E1.9F.97"></span>វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ វត្ថុផ្សេងៗ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Or_Venezuela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Or_Venezuela.jpg/220px-Or_Venezuela.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Or_Venezuela.jpg/330px-Or_Venezuela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Or_Venezuela.jpg/440px-Or_Venezuela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2106" data-file-height="2205" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="មាស">មាស</a>ដើមមកពី<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6" title="វេណេស៊ុយអេឡា">ប្រទេសវេណេស៊ុយអេឡា</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Quartz,_Tibet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/220px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/330px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/440px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90" title="បុស្សរាគម័">Quartz</a> មកពី<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81" title="ទីបេ">ទីបេ</a> ។ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90" title="បុស្សរាគម័">Quartz</a> បង្កើតបានច្រើនជាង 10% នៃម៉ាសរបស់សំបកផែនដី។</figcaption></figure> <p>ទិន្នន័យភាគច្រើនបានមកពីការស្រាវជ្រាវលើផ្នែករឹងរបស់ផែនដី។ អាចម៍ផ្កាយនិងវត្ថុធាតុធម្មជាតិក្រៅភពផ្សេងទៀតក៏ត្រូវបានសិក្សាដោយវិធីសាស្ត្រធរណីវិទ្យាផងដែរ។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="រ៉ែ"><span id=".E1.9E.9A.E1.9F.89.E1.9F.82"></span>រ៉ែ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ រ៉ែ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>រ៉ែ គឺជា<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="ធាតុគីមី">ធាតុ</a>និងសមាសធាតុដែលកើតឡើងដោយធម្មជាតិ ហើយមានសមាសភាពគីមីជាក់លាក់និងសមាសភាពអាតូមមានលំដាប់លំដោយ។ </p><p>ប្រភេទរ៉ែនីមួយៗមានលក្ខណៈរូបខុសៗគ្នា ហើយមានការធ្វើតេស្តជាច្រើនដើម្បីកំណត់ប្រភេទនីមួយៗ។ រ៉ែត្រូវបានរកឃើញជាញឹកញាប់តាមរយៈការធ្វើតេស្តទាំងនេះ។<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សិលា"><span id=".E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9B.E1.9E.B6"></span>សិលា</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សិលា"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Cycle_of_rocks_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Cycle_of_rocks_2.png/220px-Cycle_of_rocks_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Cycle_of_rocks_2.png/330px-Cycle_of_rocks_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Cycle_of_rocks_2.png/440px-Cycle_of_rocks_2.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2300" /></a><figcaption> វដ្តសិលាបង្ហាញពីទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងសិលាម៉ាក់ម៉ា សិលាកម្ទេចកំណ និងសិលាប្រែកំណើត។</figcaption></figure> <p>សិលា គឺជាម៉ាស់រឹងឬបណ្ដំុនៃសារធាតុរ៉ែឬសារធាតុស្រដៀងរ៉ែដែលកើតឡើងដោយធម្មជាតិ។ ការស្រាវជ្រាវភាគច្រើននៅក្នុងធរណីវិទ្យាត្រូវបានផ្សារភ្ជាប់ជាមួយនឹងការសិក្សាអំពីថ្មព្រោះវាផ្តល់នូវកំណត់ត្រាចម្បងនៃប្រវត្តិធរណីភាគច្រើននៃផែនដី។ សិលាមានបីប្រភេទធំៗគឺ សិលាម៉ាក់ម៉ា សិលាកម្ទេចកំណ និងសិលាប្រែកំណើត។ វដ្តសិលាបង្ហាញពីទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងពួកវា (សូមមើលដ្យាក្រាម)។<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="រូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលា"><span id=".E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.92.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.82.E1.9E.9B.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.91.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.93.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9B.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.99.E1.9E.91.E1.9F.85.E1.9E.87.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9B.E1.9E.B6"></span>រូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលា</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ រូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលា"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ធរណីវិទូក៏សិក្សាពីរូបធាតុដែលមិនទាន់ក្លាយទៅជាសិលាដែលស្ថិតនៅពីលើសិលាមួយប្រភេទនៅក្នុងសំបកផែនដី។ <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ការសិក្សានេះត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ជាញឹកញាប់ថាជា ធរណីវិទ្យាក្វាទែណារី (Quaternary geology) ដែលបានឈ្មោះមកពីសម័យកាលក្វាទែណារីដែលជាសម័យកាលចុងក្រោយបំផុតនៃធរណីកាល។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ម៉ាក់ម៉ា"><span id=".E1.9E.98.E1.9F.89.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.89.E1.9E.B6"></span>ម៉ាក់ម៉ា</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ម៉ាក់ម៉ា"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ម៉ាក់ម៉ា គឺជាប្រភពដើមនៃសិលាម៉ាក់ម៉ាទាំងអស់។ លំហូរសកម្មនៃសិលារលាយត្រូវបានសិក្សាយ៉ាងដិតដល់ក្នុងការសិក្សាពីភ្នំភ្លើង ឯការសិក្សាពីសិលាម៉ាក់ម៉ាមានគោលបំណងកំណត់ប្រវត្តិនៃសិលាម៉ាក់ម៉ា ចាប់ពីប្រភពដើមរហូតដល់កំណកក្រាមចុងក្រោយរបស់វា។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល"><span id=".E1.9E.91.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.84.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.95.E1.9F.82.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.8A.E1.9E.B8.E1.9E.91.E1.9E.B6.E1.9F.86.E1.9E.84.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.9B"></span>ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ទម្រង់ផែនដីទាំងមូល"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច"><span id=".E1.9E.95.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9B.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.80.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.85.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.85"></span>ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ផ្លាកតិចតូនិច"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Plates_tect2_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Plates_tect2_en.svg/220px-Plates_tect2_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Plates_tect2_en.svg/330px-Plates_tect2_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Plates_tect2_en.svg/440px-Plates_tect2_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4167" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption> ផ្លាកទិចតូនិចសំខាន់ៗនៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ផែនដី">ផែនដី</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>នៅទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ 1960 វាត្រូវបានគេរកឃើញថាផ្លាកលីតូស្វ៊ែរបស់ផែនដី ដែលរួមមានសំបកនិងផ្នែករឹងខាងលើនៃម៉ង់តូខាងលើ ត្រូវបានបំបែកទៅជាផ្លាកទិចតូនិចដែលផ្លាស់ទីកាត់ស្រទាប់ម៉ង់តូខាងលើដែលខូចទ្រង់ទ្រាយដូចប្លាស្ទិករលាយ មានលក្ខណៈរឹង និងដែលត្រូវបានគេហៅថា មណ្ឌលខាប់។ ទ្រឹស្ដីនេះត្រូវបានគាំទ្រដោយការសង្កេតជាច្រើនប្រភេទ ដូចជាទ្រឹស្តីគម្លាតបាតសមុទ្រ<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TDE_discovery_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDE_discovery-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ការចែកចាយជាសកលនៃដីភ្នំ និងការរញ្ជួយដី។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ទម្រង់ផែនដី"><span id=".E1.9E.91.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.84.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.95.E1.9F.82.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.8A.E1.9E.B8"></span>ទម្រង់ផែនដី</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=8" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ទម្រង់ផែនដី"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Jordens_inre-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jordens_inre-numbers.svg/220px-Jordens_inre-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jordens_inre-numbers.svg/330px-Jordens_inre-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jordens_inre-numbers.svg/440px-Jordens_inre-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption> ស្រទាប់របស់<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ផែនដី">ផែនដី</a> ។ (1) ស្នូលក្នុង; (2) ស្នូលក្រៅ; (3) ម៉ង់តូខាងក្រោម; (4) ម៉ង់តូខាងលើ; (5) លីតូស្វ៊ែ; (6) សំបក (ផ្នែកខាងលើបំផុតនៃលីតូស្វ៊ែ)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ឯកសារយោង"><span id=".E1.9E.AF.E1.9E.80.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.99.E1.9F.84.E1.9E.84"></span>ឯកសារយោង</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&section=9" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ឯកសារយោង"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Geology_Definition-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Geology_Definition_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r312616">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geology-Career-Pathways/What-is-Geology">"What is geology?"</a>. The Geological Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+geology%3F&rft.pub=The+Geological+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geolsoc.org.uk%2FGeology-Career-Pathways%2FWhat-is-Geology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/292801/files/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305.pdf">Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past</a>". <i>Radiochimica Acta</i> <b>70–71</b> (s1): 305–413. <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q131276" class="extiw" title="d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q131276">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2193-3405">2193-3405</a>. <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670" class="extiw" title="d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fract.1995.7071.special-issue.305">10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305</a>. Retrieved on 2019-06-29.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/MinRockID/MinTests.html">"Mineral Identification Tests"</a>. <i>Geoman's Mineral ID Tests</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170509215641/http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/MinRockID/MinTests.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geoman%27s+Mineral+ID+Tests&rft.atitle=Mineral+Identification+Tests&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjersey.uoregon.edu%2F~mstrick%2FMinRockID%2FMinTests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guéguen, Yves; Palciauskas, Victor (1994). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=fCP5qyRyX-oC&dq=rocks&pg=PP7&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=rocks&f=false">Introduction to the Physics of Rocks</a></i>. Princeton University Press: Princeton University Press. p. 10. ISBN <bdi>978-0-691-03452-2</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/gsu/gmp/categories/overview.htm">"Surficial Geologic Maps"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216095807/http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/gsu/gmp/categories/overview.htm">Archived</a> 2016-02-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. in New Hampshire Geological Survey, Geologic maps. des.nh.gov</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ocre-geoscience.com/ocre-geomap/">"OCRE GeoMap"</a>. <i>OCRE Geoscience Services</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCRE+Geoscience+Services&rft.atitle=OCRE+GeoMap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Focre-geoscience.com%2Focre-geomap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess, H.H. (November 1, 1962) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/lib/23">History Of Ocean Basins</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016025000/http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/lib/23">Archived</a> 2009-10-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>.", pp. 599–620 in <i>Petrologic studies: a volume in honor of A.F. Buddington</i>. A.E.J. Engel, Harold L. James, and B.F. Leonard (eds.). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_Society_of_America" class="extiw" title="en:Geological Society of America">Geological Society of America</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TDE_discovery-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TDE_discovery_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"> <i>This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics</i>. Reston. 1996. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-16-048220-5" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-16-048220-5">978-0-16-048220-5</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Dynamic+Earth%3A+The+Story+of+Plate+Tectonics&rft.date=1996&rft.place=Reston&rft.isbn=978-0-16-048220-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">បានពី "<a dir="ltr" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ធរណីវិទ្យា&oldid=309344">https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ធរណីវិទ្យា&oldid=309344</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98" title="ពិសេស:ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម">ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:តំណវេយប៊ែខទំព័រគំរូវេបបណ្ណសារ">តំណវេយប៊ែខទំព័រគំរូវេបបណ្ណសារ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ទំព័រនេះត្រូវបានកែចុងក្រោយនៅម៉ោងម៉ោង០៦:២៩ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី១៣ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤។</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">អត្ថបទនេះត្រូវបានផ្ដល់ក្រោមអាជ្ញាបណ្ណ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> ។ លក្ខខណ្ឌបន្ថែមផ្សេងៗទៀតក៏នឹងអាចត្រូវបានអនុវត្ត។ សូមមើល <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">លក្ខខណ្ឌក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់</a> សម្រាប់ព័ត៌មានលម្អិត។</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">គោលការណ៍នៃភាពឯកជន</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8">អំពីវិគីភីឌា</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%92%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%85">ការបដិសេធ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">ក្រមសីលធម៌</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">អ្នកសរសេរកូដ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/km.wikipedia.org">ស្ថិតិ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//km.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">អានលើឧបករណ៍ចល័ត</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-2kd4h","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.191","walltime":"0.235","ppvisitednodes":{"value":865,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":9707,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1182,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12698,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 171.259 1 -total"," 69.72% 119.397 3 ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite_web"," 19.92% 34.122 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite_book"," 17.43% 29.844 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation/core"," 6.95% 11.900 2 ទំព័រគំរូ:Webarchive"," 6.95% 11.894 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation/identifier"," 2.96% 5.068 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite_journal"," 2.53% 4.340 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Only_in_print"," 1.89% 3.235 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation/make_link"," 1.80% 3.077 2 ទំព័រគំរូ:Hide_in_print"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.085","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2454619,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4bspq","timestamp":"20241122033912","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u1792\u179a\u178e\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1799\u17b6","url":"https:\/\/km.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1069","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1069","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2024-07-03T03:46:59Z","dateModified":"2024-07-13T06:29:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Book-hawaii-vtorov-142.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>