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<span>Preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_national_drink_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_national_drink_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Turkish national drink status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_national_drink_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ayran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عيران – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عيران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آیران – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آیران" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আইরান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইরান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9)" title="Айран (напой) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Айран (напой)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Айрян – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Айрян" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajran" title="Ajran – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ajran" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airaan" title="Airaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Airaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Αριάνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριάνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajrano" title="Ajrano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ajrano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA" title="دوغ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوغ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80" title="아이란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="איירן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איירן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="აირანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აირანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew" title="Dew – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dew" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Чалап – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чалап" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airanas" title="Airanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Airanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ајран – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ајран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="アイラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayron" title="Ayron – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ayron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%93%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%87" title="شړومبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شړومبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajran" title="Ajran – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ajran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhalla" title="Dhalla – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dhalla" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86" title="دۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ајран – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ајран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84yr%C3%A4n" title="Äyrän – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Äyrän" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อัยรัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัยรัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Айрон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Айрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ayran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عیران – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عیران" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doogh" title="Doogh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Doogh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do" title="Do – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Do" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%85%B0" title="爱兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Yogurt-based, salted drink</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aryan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aryan (disambiguation)">Aryan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Ayran</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresh_ayran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fresh_ayran.jpg/250px-Fresh_ayran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fresh_ayran.jpg/330px-Fresh_ayran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fresh_ayran.jpg/440px-Fresh_ayran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Doogh, dhallë, daw, avemast, mastaw, çeqilmast, xynogala, chalap, suwsab, tan, jeran, or yogurt milk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fermented_dairy_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented dairy product">Fermented dairy product</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data">Beverage</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">Cold or lukewarm (depending on preference)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a>, water, salt (typical)</li><li>Milk, fast ayran culture (industrial production for restaurant consumption)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Ayran_(Turkish_Yogurt_Drink)" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Ayran (Turkish Yogurt Drink)">Cookbook: Ayran</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ayran" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ayran">Media: Ayran</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ayran</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">eye-RAHN</i></a>) is a cold savory <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a>-based beverage that is consumed across <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">the Balkans</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principal ingredients are yogurt, water and salt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herbs such as <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">mint</a> may be optionally added. Some varieties are <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonated drink">carbonated</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ayran</i> (cf. <i><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">airag</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: '<a href="/wiki/Mare_milk" title="Mare milk">mare milk</a>',<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><span title="Chuvash-language text"><i lang="cv-Latn">uyran</i></span></i> (<span title="Chuvash-language text"><span lang="cv">уйран</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>: '<a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a>')<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Kashgari" title="Mahmud al-Kashgari">Mahmud al-Kashgari</a>'s 11th century <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABw%C4%81n_Lugh%C4%81t_al-Turk" title="Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk">Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk</a></i>, although he did not give any information how ayran was made.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is derived from the Old Turkic root <span title="Old Turkic-language romanization"><i lang="otk-Latn">adır-</i></span> ("to separate"), cf. Turkish <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">ayır-</i></span> ("to separate").<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ayran is served chilled and often as an accompaniment to grilled meat, bread or rice,<sup id="cite_ref-culturesite_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culturesite-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially during summer.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is made by mixing yogurt with chilled or iced water<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is sometimes <a href="/wiki/Carbonated" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonated">carbonated</a> and seasoned with mint.<sup id="cite_ref-un_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-un-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-functionaldiary_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-functionaldiary-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been variously described as "diluted yogurt"<sup id="cite_ref-gastro_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gastro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "a most refreshing drink made by mixing yogurt with iced water".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional way of preparing the drink among various <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranic peoples</a> is straight from milk, without yogurt, using a <a href="/wiki/Waterskin" title="Waterskin">waterskin</a>, known as <i>mashk</i> (مشک) in <a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> in Iran, and <i>maskah</i> (مسکه) in Afghanistan. This is done by pouring the milk in the waterskin, usually made of deer or sheep skin, and shaking it for hours, sometimes using a wooden structure to keep the waterskin above the ground with woolen strings to make the task easier.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India and Pakistan, ayran is sometimes called <i>Namkeen Lassi</i> (<span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نمکین لسی</span></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Types of ayrans were developed in Central Asia and historically consumed by <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Nevin Halıcı, <i>ayran</i> was consumed by Turks in Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-gastro_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gastro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A c. 1000 CE Turkic dictionary, <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABw%C4%81n_ul-Lughat_al-Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk">Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk</a></i>, defines <i>ayran</i> as a "drink made out of milk". </p><p>Ayran is similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Doogh" title="Doogh">doogh</a></i> (دوغ), an <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Iranian</a> fermented drink<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that has long been popular in ancient Iran (Persia).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Described by an 1886 source as a cold drink of curdled milk and water seasoned with mint,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its name (Doogh) derives from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> word for <a href="/wiki/Milking" title="Milking">milking</a>, <i>dooshidan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-un_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-un-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other similar drinks include <i>t’an</i> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">թան</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lassi" title="Lassi">lassi</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>; however, they can differ from <i>doogh</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-etim_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etim-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regional names of the drink and its variations are: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">dhallë</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شنينة</span> <i>šinīna</i> or <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عيران</span></span> <i>eayran</i>; <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>: <i lang="ky">chalap</i>; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">ayran</i>; <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <i lang="bg">Ajrjan</i> <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>: <i lang="ku" dir="rtl">çeqilmast, dew, do</i>; <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>: <span lang="ps" dir="rtl">شلومبې</span> <i>shlombey</i>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">دوغ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">dūgh</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܕܘܓ̄ܐ</span> <i>daughe</i>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ξινόγαλα</span> <i>xinogala</i> or αριάνι <i>ariani</i>; <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic Greek</a>: αΐραν <i>ayran</i>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">ayran</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ayran" title="Special:EditPage/Ayran">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Some_ayran_in_copper_cups.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Some_ayran_in_copper_cups.jpg/220px-Some_ayran_in_copper_cups.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Some_ayran_in_copper_cups.jpg/330px-Some_ayran_in_copper_cups.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Some_ayran_in_copper_cups.jpg/440px-Some_ayran_in_copper_cups.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption>Turkish Yayık Ayran is served in a copper pitcher.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>, dried <a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">lime</a> juice can be mixed in. Diced <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumbers</a> can be added to provide a crunchy texture to the beverage. Some varieties of <i>doogh</i> are carbonated. In Balkan countries, the drink is usually consumed for breakfast or lunch, usually combined with pastries like banitsa, börek or other pastries. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, there are three types registered well known ayran variations one of them is <i>Susurluk Ayranı.</i> In this version ayran is drawn from the vat and rapidly poured back into it through a narrow pipe from above. During this circulation process, the fat in the ayran creates a foam on its surface.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some eastern parts of Turkey, ayran is made using a mixing method, which results in a very frothy drink which known as <i>Yayık Ayranı.</i> In <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a> region there is a form of spicy ayran known as <i>Malatya Spicy Ayran</i>. It has gained a registration and patent in 11.04.2022.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, ayran (known as <i>doogh</i> or <i>shromba</i>) is a summer beverage. It is made with yogurt, salt, mint, diced cucumbers, lime, and is sometimes carbonated. It is enjoyed alongside <a href="/wiki/Bolani" title="Bolani">bolani</a>, Afghan flatbread, and other picnic foods. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, ayran is known as <i>dhallë</i> and is made exclusively with yogurt, salt and water and it is served cold. The name 'dhallë' comes from mixed and shaken. </p><p>In Southern Cyprus <i>ayrani</i> (αϊρανι) is made with sour sheep yogurt, water, salt and mint. </p><p>In Russia and some other Slavic countries, the local variant is called <a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">kefir</a> which houses a similar taste but is instead made using fermented milk from kefir grains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkish_national_drink_status">Turkish national drink status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Turkish national drink status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, a Turkish politician who has held the posts of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a>, has promoted <i>ayran</i> as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_liquors" title="List of national liquors">national drink</a>. Speaking at a 2013 <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> Global Alcohol Policy Conference held by simar in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Erdoğan contrasted <i>ayran</i> with <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>, which he claimed was a recent introduction to Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-erdogan_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erdogan-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, sales of <i>ayran</i> in Turkey lag behind other <a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic beverage">non-alcoholic beverages</a>. According to a 2015 joint statement from the Soft Drink Producers Association, the Sparkling Water Producers Association, and the Milk Producers and Exporters Union of Turkey, <i>ayran</i> consumption during <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> had declined every year for the years 2010 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-sales_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sales-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Trade (Turkey)">Ministry of Customs and Trade</a> imposed a 220,000 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">TL</a> fine (approximately $70,000) on state-owned <a href="/wiki/%C3%87aykur" title="Çaykur">Çaykur</a> manufacturers, stating that <i>ayran</i> had been "insulted without reason" in one of their advertisements for <a href="/wiki/Iced_tea" title="Iced tea">iced tea</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Rap_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap music">rapper</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceza" title="Ceza">Ceza</a> rapped that <i>ayran</i> makes him sleepy; the ministry halted advertisements of Çaykur's competing iced tea product.<sup id="cite_ref-fine_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fine-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayran_-_Ankara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayran served in traditional way with copper cup (maşrapa)"><img alt="Ayran served in traditional way with copper cup (maşrapa)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ayran_-_Ankara.jpg/90px-Ayran_-_Ankara.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ayran_-_Ankara.jpg/135px-Ayran_-_Ankara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ayran_-_Ankara.jpg/180px-Ayran_-_Ankara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ayran</i> served in traditional way with copper cup (<i>maşrapa)</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayran_in_a_big_glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayran served in a glass in Ankara, Turkey"><img alt="Ayran served in a glass in Ankara, Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ayran_in_a_big_glass.jpg/90px-Ayran_in_a_big_glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ayran_in_a_big_glass.jpg/135px-Ayran_in_a_big_glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ayran_in_a_big_glass.jpg/180px-Ayran_in_a_big_glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ayran</i> served in a glass in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayran,_Istanbul,_Turkey.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayran served in a fast-food restaurant in İstanbul"><img alt="Ayran served in a fast-food restaurant in İstanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ayran%2C_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.JPG/160px-Ayran%2C_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ayran%2C_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.JPG/240px-Ayran%2C_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ayran%2C_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.JPG/320px-Ayran%2C_Istanbul%2C_Turkey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ayran</i> served in a fast-food restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">İstanbul</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sise_ayran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayran in a bottle"><img alt="Ayran in a bottle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sise_ayran.jpg/250px-Sise_ayran.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sise_ayran.jpg/330px-Sise_ayran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ayran</i> in a bottle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buttermilk waterfall on Bane road"><img alt="Buttermilk waterfall on Bane road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1499" data-file-height="1122" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buttermilk waterfall on <a href="/wiki/Bane,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Bane, Iran">Bane</a> road</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yay%C4%B1k_ayran%C4%B1" title="Yayık ayranı">Yayık ayranı</a>, Turkish soured and churned yogurt-based drink</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as <b>dhallë</b>, <b>dew</b>, <b>Jaree'a</b>, <b>leben</b>, <b>avamast</b>, <b>çiqilmast</b>, <b>mastaw</b>, <b>shaneena</b>, or <b>xynogala</b>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFuller2023" class="citation web cs1">Fuller, Devin (24 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themediterraneandish.com/ayran-turkish-yogurt-drink/#:~:text=Ayran%20is%20a%20refreshing%20Turkish,a%20rich%20or%20spicy%20meal.">"Ayran (Turkish Yogurt Drink)"</a>. <i>The Mediterranean Dish</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mediterranean+Dish&rft.atitle=Ayran+%28Turkish+Yogurt+Drink%29&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Devin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themediterraneandish.com%2Fayran-turkish-yogurt-drink%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAyran%2520is%2520a%2520refreshing%2520Turkish%2Ca%2520rich%2520or%2520spicy%2520meal.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTamime2008" class="citation book cs1">Tamime, A. Y., ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xKAu9IYnK2wC&pg=PA124"><i>Fermented Milks</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405172387" title="Special:BookSources/9781405172387"><bdi>9781405172387</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116042818/https://books.google.com/books?id=xKAu9IYnK2wC&pg=PA124">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fermented+Milks&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405172387&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxKAu9IYnK2wC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacobsonWeiner2008" class="citation book cs1">Jacobson, Sarina; Weiner, Danya (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yogurtmorethan700000jaco/page/6"><i>Yogurt: More Than 70 Delicious & Healthy Recipes</i></a>. Sterling. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1402747595" title="Special:BookSources/978-1402747595"><bdi>978-1402747595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yogurt%3A+More+Than+70+Delicious+%26+Healthy+Recipes&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1402747595&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Sarina&rft.au=Weiner%2C+Danya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyogurtmorethan700000jaco%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrnadelErdley2012" class="citation book cs1">Strnadel, Leslie; Erdley, Patrick (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fQ8vWih-rqwC&pg=PA58"><i>Bulgaria</i></a>. Other Places Travel Guide. Other Places Publishing. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780982261996" title="Special:BookSources/9780982261996"><bdi>9780982261996</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221110816/https://books.google.com/books?id=fQ8vWih-rqwC&pg=PA58">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulgaria&rft.series=Other+Places+Travel+Guide&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Other+Places+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780982261996&rft.aulast=Strnadel&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.au=Erdley%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfQ8vWih-rqwC%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNazif_Shahrani,_M.2013" class="citation book cs1">Nazif Shahrani, M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p6aXloa1QsEC&pg=PA92"><i>The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan</i></a>. University of Washington Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">92–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295803784" title="Special:BookSources/9780295803784"><bdi>9780295803784</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212161632/https://books.google.com/books?id=p6aXloa1QsEC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kirghiz+and+Wakhi+of+Afghanistan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780295803784&rft.au=Nazif+Shahrani%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp6aXloa1QsEC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartine_RobbeetsAlexander_Savelyev2017" class="citation book cs1">Martine Robbeets; Alexander Savelyev (2017). <i>Language Dispersal Beyond Farming</i>. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789027212559" title="Special:BookSources/9789027212559"><bdi>9789027212559</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Dispersal+Beyond+Farming&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789027212559&rft.au=Martine+Robbeets&rft.au=Alexander+Savelyev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOtyzbay2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Otyzbay, Zhazira (September–October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/851340">"Etymology, Meaning and Place of the Word Ayran in Turkish Culture"</a>. <i>Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları</i> (in Turkish). <b>123</b> (242). Institute of Turkish World Studies - <a href="/wiki/Ege_University" title="Ege University">Ege University</a>: <span class="nowrap">219–</span>232. <q>English Abstract</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%C3%BCrk+D%C3%BCnyas%C4%B1+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1&rft.atitle=Etymology%2C+Meaning+and+Place+of+the+Word+Ayran+in+Turkish+Culture&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=242&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E219-%3C%2Fspan%3E232&rft.date=2019-09%2F2019-10&rft.aulast=Otyzbay&rft.aufirst=Zhazira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Ftr%2Fdownload%2Farticle-file%2F851340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReşat_Genç1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reşat Genç (1997). <i>Kaşgarlı Mahmud'a göre XI. yüzyılda Türk dünyası</i> (in Turkish). Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü. p. 248.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ka%C5%9Fgarl%C4%B1+Mahmud%27a+g%C3%B6re+XI.+y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1lda+T%C3%BCrk+d%C3%BCnyas%C4%B1&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=T%C3%BCrk+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BCn%C3%BC+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Re%C5%9Fat+Gen%C3%A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maksudovna, Matkarimova Sadokat. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=840017005024119078098110103125126069035015009020000075110103092096007029074122001010028032100126054048009107097119093070122093055044090011064098001015125122089078026090054017013014116013069102013001003084113011">Explanatory Dictionary of Khorezm Dishes.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2025">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>" Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2 (2020): 247–252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-culturesite-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-culturesite_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35365/turkish-buttermilk.html">"Turkish Buttermilk"</a>. <i>www.kultur.gov.tr</i>. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218150814/https://www.ktb.gov.tr/?_Dil=2">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kultur.gov.tr&rft.atitle=Turkish+Buttermilk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kultur.gov.tr%2FEN%2C35365%2Fturkish-buttermilk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGina_Husamettin2013" class="citation web cs1">Gina Husamettin (24 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balkon3.com/en/ayran-turkish-national-beverage/">"Ayran – Turkish national beverage"</a>. <i>balkon3.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012004637/http://balkon3.com/en/ayran-turkish-national-beverage/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=balkon3.com&rft.atitle=Ayran+%E2%80%93+Turkish+national+beverage&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft.au=Gina+Husamettin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbalkon3.com%2Fen%2Fayran-turkish-national-beverage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis1956" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, P. H. (1956). "Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey". <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. <b>122</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">156–</span>165. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956GeogJ.122..156D">1956GeogJ.122..156D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1790844">10.2307/1790844</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1790844">1790844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=Lake+Van+and+Turkish+Kurdistan%3A+A+Botanical+Journey&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E156-%3C%2Fspan%3E165&rft.date=1956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1790844%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1790844&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1956GeogJ.122..156D&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=P.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-un-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-un_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-un_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIslamic_Republic_of_Iran2009" class="citation conference cs1">Islamic Republic of Iran (26–29 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170518200838/ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Meetings/CCNEA/ccnea5/NE05_08e.pdf"><i>Project Document for a Regional Standard for Doogh (CX/NEA 09/5/8)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tunis, Tunisia: United Nations. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme of the FAO/WHO coordinating committee for the Near East. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Meetings/CCNEA/ccnea5/NE05_08e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Project+Document+for+a+Regional+Standard+for+Doogh+%28CX%2FNEA+09%2F5%2F8%29&rft.place=Tunis%2C+Tunisia&rft.pub=United+Nations.+Joint+FAO%2FWHO+food+standards+programme+of+the+FAO%2FWHO+coordinating+committee+for+the+Near+East&rft.date=2009-01-26%2F2009-01-29&rft.au=Islamic+Republic+of+Iran&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.fao.org%2Fcodex%2FMeetings%2FCCNEA%2Fccnea5%2FNE05_08e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-functionaldiary-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-functionaldiary_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYildiz_Fatih2010" class="citation book cs1">Yildiz Fatih (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zMCDLlcRaQkC&pg=PA10"><i>Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Other Functional Dairy Products</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781420082081" title="Special:BookSources/9781420082081"><bdi>9781420082081</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221135405/https://books.google.com/books?id=zMCDLlcRaQkC&pg=PA10">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+and+Manufacture+of+Yogurt+and+Other+Functional+Dairy+Products&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781420082081&rft.au=Yildiz+Fatih&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzMCDLlcRaQkC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gastro-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gastro_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gastro_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalici2013" class="citation journal cs1">Halici, Nevin (27 April 2013). "Turkish Delights". <i>Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies</i>. <b>1</b> (1). University of California Press: <span class="nowrap">92–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fgfc.2001.1.1.92">10.1525/gfc.2001.1.1.92</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastronomica%3A+The+Journal+of+Critical+Food+Studies&rft.atitle=Turkish+Delights&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fgfc.2001.1.1.92&rft.aulast=Halici&rft.aufirst=Nevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey P. H. Davis The Geographical Journal, Vol. 122, No. 2 (Jun., 1956), pp. 156–165 Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Article <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1790844">10.2307/1790844</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aparat.com/v/PbT8Q/%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%86_%28_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%29">"آیین مشک زدن ( استان چهار محال بختیاری )"</a>. <i>آپارات - سرویس اشتراک ویدیو</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151109153300/http://www.aparat.com/v/PbT8Q/%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%86_%28_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%29">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+-+%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9+%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88&rft.atitle=%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9+%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%86+%28+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aparat.com%2Fv%2FPbT8Q%2F%25D8%25A2%25DB%258C%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B4%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586_%2528_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25DA%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzhUXJF_5OU">"تهیه لبنیات مثل ماست، دوغ،روغن، و پنیر روستائی کار ساده ی نیست. - YouTube"</a>. <i>www.youtube.com</i>. 3 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200831235900/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzhUXJF_5OU&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%87+%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84+%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%8C+%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%8C+%D9%88+%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87+%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA.+-+YouTube&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLzhUXJF_5OU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamineni2012" class="citation book cs1">Ramineni, Shubhra (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LpXTAgAAQBAJ&dq=Ayran%27+also+called+%27Namkeen+Lassi&pg=PT259"><i>Entice With Spice: Easy Indian Recipes for Busy People</i></a>. Tuttle. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781462905270" title="Special:BookSources/9781462905270"><bdi>9781462905270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entice+With+Spice%3A+Easy+Indian+Recipes+for+Busy+People&rft.pub=Tuttle&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781462905270&rft.aulast=Ramineni&rft.aufirst=Shubhra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLpXTAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAyran%2527%2Balso%2Bcalled%2B%2527Namkeen%2BLassi%26pg%3DPT259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_cUOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23"><i>Cooking through History: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Food with Menus and Recipes</i></a>, ABC-CLIO, 2020, p. 23, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610694568" title="Special:BookSources/9781610694568"><bdi>9781610694568</bdi></a>, <q>ayran was a nonalcoholic drink of yogurt and water developed among early Turkic tribes at an unrecorded date</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooking+through+History%3A+A+Worldwide+Encyclopedia+of+Food+with+Menus+and+Recipes&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781610694568&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_cUOEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNishinari2019" class="citation book cs1">Nishinari, Katsuyoshi (31 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kYDHDwAAQBAJ&q=doogh+originated+in+persia&pg=PT299"><i>Textural Characteristics of World Foods</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-43079-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-43079-7"><bdi>978-1-119-43079-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218150800/https://books.google.com/books?id=kYDHDwAAQBAJ&q=doogh+originated+in+persia&pg=PT299">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>. <q>Doogh is an Iranian type of traditional fermented dairy-based drinks that is usually produced by mixing set or stirred yogurt and water at the same rate, as well as some aqueous extracts of local herbs, and spices such as thyme.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textural+Characteristics+of+World+Foods&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft.isbn=978-1-119-43079-7&rft.aulast=Nishinari&rft.aufirst=Katsuyoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkYDHDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddoogh%2Boriginated%2Bin%2Bpersia%26pg%3DPT299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKatz2016" class="citation book cs1">Katz, Sandor Ellix (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oJG-DAAAQBAJ&q=doogh+originated+in+persia&pg=PA117"><i>Wild Fermentation: The Flavor, Nutrition, and Craft of Live-Culture Foods, 2nd Edition</i></a>. Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60358-628-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60358-628-3"><bdi>978-1-60358-628-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218150739/https://books.google.com/books?id=oJG-DAAAQBAJ&q=doogh+originated+in+persia&pg=PA117">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wild+Fermentation%3A+The+Flavor%2C+Nutrition%2C+and+Craft+of+Live-Culture+Foods%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-60358-628-3&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Sandor+Ellix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoJG-DAAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddoogh%2Boriginated%2Bin%2Bpersia%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimmons2007" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, Shirin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=87KOW40HThAC&q=doogh&pg=PT252"><i>Treasury of Persian Cuisine</i></a>. Stamford House Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904985-56-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904985-56-3"><bdi>978-1-904985-56-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218150801/https://books.google.com/books?id=87KOW40HThAC&q=doogh&pg=PT252">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasury+of+Persian+Cuisine&rft.pub=Stamford+House+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-904985-56-3&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Shirin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D87KOW40HThAC%26q%3Ddoogh%26pg%3DPT252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrosart1886" class="citation book cs1">Grosart, Alexander (17 July 1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xXZRAAAAYAAJ&q=doogh&pg=PA59"><i>"Soor-doock" and "doogh"</i></a>. The Academy and literature. Vol. 30. Blackburn. p. 59. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218150812/https://books.google.com/books?id=xXZRAAAAYAAJ&q=doogh&pg=PA59">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Soor-doock%22+and+%22doogh%22&rft.place=Blackburn&rft.series=The+Academy+and+literature&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1886-07-17&rft.aulast=Grosart&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxXZRAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Ddoogh%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNishinari2019" class="citation book cs1">Nishinari, Katsuyoshi (31 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kYDHDwAAQBAJ&q=doogh+originated+in+persia&pg=PT299"><i>Textural Characteristics of World Foods</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-43079-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-43079-7"><bdi>978-1-119-43079-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218150744/https://books.google.com/books?id=kYDHDwAAQBAJ&q=doogh+originated+in+persia&pg=PT299">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>. <q>Doogh consumption is common in Asian countries (e.g. ayran in Turkey, than in Armenia, lassi in southern Asia). However, they may differ from doogh in dilution ratio, rheological characteristics, fat content, and sensory properties.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textural+Characteristics+of+World+Foods&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft.isbn=978-1-119-43079-7&rft.aulast=Nishinari&rft.aufirst=Katsuyoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkYDHDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddoogh%2Boriginated%2Bin%2Bpersia%26pg%3DPT299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etim-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-etim_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etimolojiturkce.com/kelime/ayran">"Ayran"</a>. <i>Etimoloji Türkçe</i> (in Turkish). Telif Hakları. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040641/http://www.etimolojiturkce.com/kelime/ayran">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Etimoloji+T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e&rft.atitle=Ayran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetimolojiturkce.com%2Fkelime%2Fayran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografi-isaretler/detay/38086">"Susurluk Ayran"</a>. <i>Geographical Indications Portal</i> (in Turkish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Indications+Portal&rft.atitle=Susurluk+Ayran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fci.turkpatent.gov.tr%2Fcografi-isaretler%2Fdetay%2F38086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115182915/https://www.ci.gov.tr/Files/GeographicalSigns/238.pdf">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ci.gov.tr/Files/GeographicalSigns/238.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.gov.tr%2FFiles%2FGeographicalSigns%2F238.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografi-isaretler/detay/38608">"Malatya Pirpirimli Acılı Ayran / Malatya Semizotlu Acılı Ayran"</a>. <i>Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503061412/https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografi-isaretler/detay/38608">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=T%C3%BCrk+Patent+ve+Marka+Kurumu&rft.atitle=Malatya+Pirpirimli+Ac%C4%B1l%C4%B1+Ayran+%2F+Malatya+Semizotlu+Ac%C4%B1l%C4%B1+Ayran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fci.turkpatent.gov.tr%2Fcografi-isaretler%2Fdetay%2F38608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-erdogan-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-erdogan_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031432/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_pm-says-turkeys-national-drink-is-ayran-not-beer_313824.html">"PM says Turkey's national drink is doogh, not beer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zaman_(newspaper)" title="Zaman (newspaper)">Zaman</a></i>. 27 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/national_pm-says-turkeys-national-drink-is-ayran-not-beer_313824.html">the original</a> on 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zaman&rft.atitle=PM+says+Turkey%27s+national+drink+is+doogh%2C+not+beer&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fnational_pm-says-turkeys-national-drink-is-ayran-not-beer_313824.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sales-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sales_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024646/http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_turks-turn-away-from-national-drink-despite-erdogan_390784.html">"Turks turn away from 'national drink' despite Erdoğan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zaman_(newspaper)" title="Zaman (newspaper)">Zaman</a></i>. 22 June 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_turks-turn-away-from-national-drink-despite-erdogan_390784.html">the original</a> on 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zaman&rft.atitle=Turks+turn+away+from+%27national+drink%27+despite+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.date=2015-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fanasayfa_turks-turn-away-from-national-drink-despite-erdogan_390784.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fine-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fine_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFÇelikkan2015" class="citation journal cs1">Çelikkan, Erdinç (9 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/state-owned-tea-firm-fined-220000-liras-for-insulting-ayran-in-ads.aspx?pageID=238&nID=90905&NewsCatID=341">"State-owned tea firm fined 220,000 liras for 'insulting ayran' in ads"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet&rft.atitle=State-owned+tea+firm+fined+220%2C000+liras+for+%27insulting+ayran%27+in+ads&rft.date=2015-11-09&rft.aulast=%C3%87elikkan&rft.aufirst=Erdin%C3%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fstate-owned-tea-firm-fined-220000-liras-for-insulting-ayran-in-ads.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D90905%26NewsCatID%3D341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obstjoghurt01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Obstjoghurt01.jpg/80px-Obstjoghurt01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Obstjoghurt01.jpg/120px-Obstjoghurt01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Obstjoghurt01.jpg/160px-Obstjoghurt01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_starter" title="Fermentation starter">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus"><i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_thermophilus" title="Streptococcus thermophilus">Streptococcus thermophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bifidobacterium" title="Bifidobacterium">Bifidobacterium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yogurt-based_dishes_and_beverages" title="List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages">Dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borani" title="Borani">Borani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churri" title="Churri">Churri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1lb%C4%B1r" title="Çılbır">Çılbır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukauni" title="Chukauni">Chukauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_raita" title="Cucumber raita">Cucumber raita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_chutney" title="Dahi chutney">Dahi chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_baigana" title="Dahi baigana">Dahi baigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_machha" title="Dahi machha">Dahi machha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_vada" title="Dahi vada">Dahi vada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahibara_Aludam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahibara Aludam">Dahibara Aludam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovga" title="Dovga">Dovga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameed" title="Jameed">Jameed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadhi" title="Kadhi">Kadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashk" title="Kashk">Kashk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitha_dahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitha dahi">Mitha dahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parfait" title="Parfait">Parfait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papri_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Papri chaat">Papri chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raita" title="Raita">Raita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrikhand" title="Shrikhand">Shrikhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spas_(soup)" title="Spas (soup)">Spas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoixo" title="Zhoixo">Zhoixo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yogurt-based_dishes_and_beverages" title="List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages">Drinks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acidophiline" title="Acidophiline">Acidophiline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ayran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaas" title="Chaas">Chaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chal" title="Chal">Chal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalap" title="Chalap">Chalap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doogh" title="Doogh">Doogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassi" title="Lassi">Lassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leben_(milk_product)" title="Leben (milk product)">Leben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattha" title="Mattha">Mattha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_lao" title="Nai lao">Nai lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaere" title="Omaere">Omaere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazhenka" title="Ryazhenka">Ryazhenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenets" title="Varenets">Varenets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_milk_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented milk products">Fermented milk products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasi" title="Amasi">Amasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">Buttermilk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calpis" title="Calpis">Calpis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clabber_(food)" title="Clabber (food)">Clabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_fra%C3%AEche" title="Crème fraîche">Crème fraîche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmj%C3%B6lk" title="Filmjölk">Filmjölk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocoque" title="Jocoque">Jocoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mursik" title="Mursik">Mursik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(dairy_product)" title="Quark (dairy product)">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyr" title="Skyr">Skyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)" title="Smetana (dairy product)">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">Sour cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soured_milk" title="Soured milk">Soured milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suorat" title="Suorat">Suorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viili" title="Viili">Viili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakult" title="Yakult">Yakult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yay%C4%B1k_ayran%C4%B1" title="Yayık ayranı">Yayık ayranı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymer_(dairy_product)" title="Ymer (dairy product)">Ymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">Whey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ayran&oldid=1281651248">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ayran&oldid=1281651248</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Afghan_cuisine" 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