CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>中国大百科全书 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"fed241f7-d91e-42da-bffa-d4e8f2eea35b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"中国大百科全书","wgTitle":"中国大百科全书","wgCurRevisionId":83510112,"wgRevisionId":83510112,"wgArticleId":59315,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["引文格式1错误：日期","缺少封面的圖書","维基数据上没有官方网站","含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面","使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","大百科全书","中文百科全书","中华人民共和国书籍","汉语在线百科全书","20世纪百科全书","21世纪百科全书"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"中国大百科全书","wgRelevantArticleId":59315,"wgUserVariant":"zh", "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q197836","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips", "ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="中国大百科全书 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-中国大百科全书 rootpage-中国大百科全书 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-内容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#内容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>内容</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-内容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卷帙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卷帙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>卷帙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卷帙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-版本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#版本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>版本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-版本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法律纠纷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律纠纷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>法律纠纷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法律纠纷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">中国大百科全书</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。15种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Ensiklopediyas%C4%B1" title="Çin Ensiklopediyası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin Ensiklopediyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongguo_da_baike_quanshu" title="Zhongguo da baike quanshu – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zhongguo da baike quanshu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια της Κίνας – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια της Κίνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_China" title="Encyclopedia of China – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Encyclopedia of China" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_de_China" title="Enciclopedia de China – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enciclopedia de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دانشنامه چین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشنامه چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_de_Chine" title="Encyclopédie de Chine – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encyclopédie de Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia_Tiongkok" title="Ensiklopedia Tiongkok – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ensiklopedia Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="中国大百科全書 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国大百科全書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongguo_da_baike_quanshu" title="Zhongguo da baike quanshu – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zhongguo da baike quanshu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਮਹਾਨ ਚੀਨੀ ਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਹਾਨ ਚੀਨੀ ਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Большая китайская энциклопедия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Большая китайская энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="สารานุกรมประเทศจีน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารานุกรมประเทศจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Ansiklopedisi" title="Çin Ansiklopedisi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Ansiklopedisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_b%C3%A1ch_khoa_to%C3%A0n_th%C6%B0_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Đại bách khoa toàn thư Trung Quốc – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại bách khoa toàn thư Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q197836#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&oldid=83510112" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&id=83510112&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%2585%25A8%25E4%25B9%25A6"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%2585%25A8%25E4%25B9%25A6"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q197836" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-f3e2a619" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-f3e2a619" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#cedeff;">中国大百科全书</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">作者</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2万多位专家参与编写（第一版）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%B9%A6" title="工具书">工具书</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书">百科全书</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">系列</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">74卷（第一版，1993年9月出齐） <p>32卷（第二版，2009年4月正式出版） </p> 约80卷（第三版，2021年起分卷出版）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">中文</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cedeff;;">發行信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国大百科全书出版社">中国大百科全书出版社</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版時間</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1980至1993年（第一版） <p>2009年（第二版） </p> 2021年至2023年（第三版，部分卷目）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版地點</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cedeff;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%A8%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="權威控制">规范控制</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="value"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787500079583" title="Special:网络书源/9787500079583">9787500079583</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC"><abbr title="联机计算机图书馆中心号">OCLC</abbr></a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/244563750">244563750</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国会图书馆图书分类法">LC分类法</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">AE17 .C48 2009</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>《<b>中国大百科全书</b>》由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国大百科全书出版社">中国大百科全书出版社</a>出版，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>第一部大型综合性<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书">百科全书</a>，也是世界上較大规模的百科全书之一。首倡者为翻译家、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国大百科全书出版社">中国大百科全书出版社</a>总编辑<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E6%A4%BF%E8%8A%B3" title="姜椿芳">姜椿芳</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Jiang_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 該百科全書的條目都會附上作者的名字。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2009年，《中国大百科全书》入选中国图书商报社和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="中国出版科学研究所">中国出版科学研究所</a>联合主办评选的“新中国60年中国最具影响力的600本书”<sup id="cite_ref-ecjtu60_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecjtu60-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1975年获释后，姜椿芳开始酝酿发起中国大百科全书。<sup id="cite_ref-Jiang_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1978年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2" title="中华人民共和国国务院">中国国务院</a>决定编纂《中国大百科全书》，并于当年11月成立中国大百科全书出版社负责此项事宜。全书编辑过程历时15年（1978年－1993年9月18日），共有2万多位专家参与编写<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1993年，全书第一版出齐，共計74卷<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>第二版的編輯工作於1995年12月经国务院批准正式立项，2009年4月16日正式出版，总计32卷（正文30卷、索引2卷）<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated498_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated498-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2017年，第三版开始进行编写工作<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2019年7月，中国大百科全书网络平台上线<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2021年7月24日，第三版首批条目发布<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2023年2月底，中国大百科全书第三版集中发布，共发布50万个网络版条目、10卷纸质版图书。<sup id="cite_ref-中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站_2023_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站_2023-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="内容"><span id=".E5.86.85.E5.AE.B9"></span>内容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：内容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《中国大百科全书》第一版的内容包含66门学科，8万个条目，共计1.264亿<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>及5万餘幅插图。全书共计74卷，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学">社会科学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术">艺术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="自然科学">自然科学</a>、工程技术等各个学科和领域<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。第一版特殊之处在于其按照学科領域来编排条目，而非全书统一按照条目音序排列。这就使得它的每一本分册都可以看成这个領域的专用词典。该书出版了简明版、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%9B%98" class="mw-redirect" title="光盘">光盘</a>版及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">网络</a>版等多种版本。 </p><p>第二版总计32卷（正文30卷、索引2卷）、6万个条目、约6千万字、3万幅插图、1千幅地图。與第一版不同，它並未按領域編排條目，而直接按條目的漢語拼音字母順序排列<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated498_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated498-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>第三版分网络版与纸质版两种。网络版总条目50万条，2021年7月首批条目发布，2022年12月底集中发布，总计约5亿字，分为专业、专题、大众等板块，辅以视频等媒体以满足不同读者需求。另包括介绍中国的英文专题“About China”，收录条目约1000条。纸质版条目从网络版中选出，恢复第一版按学科领域编排条目的做法，设计规模为80卷，总计字数约1.2亿至1.5亿字，截至2023年2月已出版10卷。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="卷帙"><span id=".E5.8D.B7.E5.B8.99"></span>卷帙</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：卷帙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第一版： </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="外国文学">外國文學</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="体育运动">體育</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E6%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="戲曲">戲曲</a>‧<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="曲藝">曲藝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="環境科學">環境科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A1%E7%B9%94" title="紡織">紡織</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="法學">法學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E5%86%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="礦冶">礦冶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="力學">力學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="固體地球物理學（页面不存在）">固體地球物理學</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AC%E7%B9%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="測繪學">測繪學</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="空間科學">空間科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空">航空</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天">航天</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="交通">交通</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="考古">考古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電子學">電子學</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">計算機</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國文學">中國文學</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣科學">大氣科學</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋科學">海洋科學</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="水文科学">水文科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哲學">哲學</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="物理學">物理學</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="機械工程">機械工程</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="化学工业">化工</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="建築">建築</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%92%E6%9E%97" title="園林">園林</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="城市規劃">城市規劃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟學">經濟學</a>（3卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="數學">數學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="音樂">音樂</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="舞蹈">舞蹈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">軍事</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇">戲劇</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界地理（页面不存在）">世界地理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>（2卷）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外國歷史（页面不存在）">外國歷史</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="自動控制">自動控制</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="系統工程">系統工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地理學">地理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新聞">新聞</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="電影">電影</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93" title="美術">美術</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中國歷史">中國歷史</a>（3卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物學">生物學</a>（3卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="中國地理">中國地理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="心理學">心理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="圖書">圖書</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="情報">情報</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88" title="檔案">檔案</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="社會學">社會學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="政治學">政治學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水利">水利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="现代医学">現代醫學</a>（2卷）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="轻工">輕工</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地質學">地質學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9" title="文物">文物</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9" title="博物">博物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B7%A5" title="電工">電工</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傳統醫學">傳統醫學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="财政">财政</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="税收">税收</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="价格">价格</a>、及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="索引">索引</a>（1卷），共74卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="版本"><span id=".E7.89.88.E6.9C.AC"></span>版本</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：版本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《中国大百科全书（简明版）》（12卷），2004年4月末</li> <li>《中国大百科全书》（精粹本）</li> <li>《中國大百科全書》繁體中文版</li> <li>《中國大百科全書智慧藏》網域（<a href="/wiki/Intranet" class="mw-redirect" title="Intranet">intranet</a>）版</li> <li>《中国大百科全书（简明）·金山词霸版》</li> <li>《中国大百科全书》图文数据光盘（24张）</li> <li>《中国大百科全书(第二版)》，2009年4月出版，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787500079583" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787500079583</a></li> <li>《中国大百科全书》维吾尔文版，2015年9月出版</li> <li>《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版，2021年7月上线</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法律纠纷"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B.E7.BA.A0.E7.BA.B7"></span>法律纠纷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：法律纠纷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2012年9月27日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="北京市第二中级人民法院">北京市第二中级人民法院</a>一审认定<a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store</a>未经授权为用户提供付费应用程序下载《中国大百科全书·<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中国历史">中国历史</a>卷》第一版第三册的全部内容，侵犯了中国大百科全书出版社有限公司的<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="著作权">著作权</a>，判决<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="苹果公司">苹果公司</a>赔偿52万元<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="中国地区百科全书">中国地区百科全书</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="中华百科全书">中华百科全书</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书">大英百科全书</a>》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jiang-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jiang_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jiang_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> 《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中国大百科全书</a>》第三版网络版中的条目：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=86048">姜椿芳</a><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; cursor:default; color:#555; bottom:0.1em;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 书名: 《话说百科全书百科全书编辑札记一》作者: 金常政著当前第:99页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecjtu60-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ecjtu60_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ecjtu.edu.cn/info/1095/2665.htm">新中国60年最具影响力的600本书名单揭晓（2009年）</a>. 华东交通大学图书馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209121751/http://lib.ecjtu.edu.cn/info/1095/2665.htm">存档</a>于2023-02-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD60%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%80%E5%85%B7%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84600%E6%9C%AC%E4%B9%A6%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95%E6%8F%AD%E6%99%93%EF%BC%882009%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.ecjtu.edu.cn%2Finfo%2F1095%2F2665.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913195604/http://culture.cz001.com.cn/changzhou/2008/0624/120525.shtml">“大百科之父”姜椿芳</a>. 常州日报. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-02-10</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culture.cz001.com.cn/changzhou/2008/0624/120525.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B9%8B%E7%88%B6%E2%80%9D%E5%A7%9C%E6%A4%BF%E8%8A%B3&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculture.cz001.com.cn%2Fchangzhou%2F2008%2F0624%2F120525.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">吴景明著. 蒋锡金与中国现代文艺运动. 长春：东北师范大学出版社. 2006.09: 276. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-5602-4551-X" title="Special:网络书源/7-5602-4551-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-5602-4551-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E6%99%AF%E6%98%8E%E8%91%97&rft.btitle=%E8%92%8B%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-5602-4551-X&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/book/2018-08/30/c_129943123.htm">中国大百科全书出版社：为一套书而成立与改革开放同行</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-11-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127124049/http://www.xinhuanet.com/book/2018-08/30/c_129943123.htm">存档</a>于2020-11-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%80%E5%A5%97%E4%B9%A6%E8%80%8C%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B+%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%90%8C%E8%A1%8C&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fbook%2F2018-08%2F30%2Fc_129943123.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated498-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated498_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated498_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">徐惟诚著. 徐惟诚文集第9卷新闻出版. 北京：商务印书馆. 2015.09: 498. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-100-10395-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-100-10395-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-100-10395-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.au=%E5%BE%90%E6%83%9F%E8%AF%9A%E8%91%97&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%90%E6%83%9F%E8%AF%9A%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86+%E7%AC%AC9%E5%8D%B7+%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-100-10395-4&rft.pages=498&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%EF%BC%9A%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sport.gov.cn/n316/n337/c843185/content.html">《中国大百科全书》第三版体育学科第四次编委会在北京体育大学召开</a>. 国家体育总局. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-04-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720104050/http://www.sport.gov.cn/n316/n337/c843185/content.html">存档</a>于2020-07-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E7%BC%96%E5%A7%94%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%AC%E5%BC%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sport.gov.cn%2Fn316%2Fn337%2Fc843185%2Fcontent.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180416012623/http://www.chinaxwcb.com/2018-02/12/content_367592.htm">《中国大百科全书》（第三版）：打造获取新知网络主渠道</a>. 中国新闻出版广电网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-04-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaxwcb.com/2018-02/12/content_367592.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2018-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E6%89%93%E9%80%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B8%BB%E6%B8%A0%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%B9%BF%E7%94%B5%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaxwcb.com%2F2018-02%2F12%2Fcontent_367592.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zving.com/c/2019-07-19/288472.shtml">《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版上线运行</a>. 泽元软件. 2019-07-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-11-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218154413/http://zving.com/c/2019-07-19/288472.shtml">存档</a>于2020-02-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%89%88%E4%B8%8A%E7%BA%BF%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%83%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zving.com%2Fc%2F2019-07-19%2F288472.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-07/24/c_1127691253.htm">《中国大百科全书》第三版首批条目发布</a>. 新华网. 2021-07-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-08-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032809/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-07/24/c_1127691253.htm">存档</a>于2022-04-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E9%A6%96%E6%89%B9%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F2021-07%2F24%2Fc_1127691253.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站_2023-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站_2023_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-02/21/content_5742635.htm">《中国大百科全书》第三版集中发布_滚动新闻_中国政府网</a>. 中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站. 2023-05-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-05-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514044444/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-02/21/content_5742635.htm">存档</a>于2023-05-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83_%E6%BB%9A%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2023-05-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BD%91_%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Fxinwen%2F2023-02%2F21%2Fcontent_5742635.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">喻萍，詹纯喆，谢蓉主编. 现代经济信息检索与利用. 北京：化学工业出版社. 2010.02: 42. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-122-07208-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-122-07208-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-122-07208-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.au=%E5%96%BB%E8%90%8D%EF%BC%8C%E8%A9%B9%E7%BA%AF%E5%96%86%EF%BC%8C%E8%B0%A2%E8%93%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%A3%80%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-122-07208-5&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%EF%BC%9A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com/sbjs/">《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版介绍</a>. 中国大百科全书出版社. 2021-07-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-08-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313002616/https://www.zgbk.com/sbjs/">存档</a>于2022-03-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%89%88%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zgbk.com%2Fsbjs%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-07/24/c_1127691253.htm">《中国大百科全书》第三版首批条目发布</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%A4%BE" title="新华社">新华社</a>. 2021-07-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032809/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-07/24/c_1127691253.htm">存档</a>于2022-04-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E9%A6%96%E6%89%B9%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F2021-07%2F24%2Fc_1127691253.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cn/politics/2023-02/21/c_1129385037.htm">《中国大百科全书》第三版集中发布</a>. 新华网. 新华社. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316194657/http://www.news.cn/politics/2023-02/21/c_1129385037.htm">存档</a>于2023-03-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cn%2Fpolitics%2F2023-02%2F21%2Fc_1129385037.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929080009/http://tech.163.com/12/0928/02/8CF46ULU00094MOK.html">苹果输官司：赔中国大百科全书52万</a>. 京华时报. 2012-09-28. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.163.com/12/0928/02/8CF46ULU00094MOK.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-09-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E8%BE%93%E5%AE%98%E5%8F%B8%EF%BC%9A%E8%B5%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A652%E4%B8%87&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BA%AC%E5%8D%8E%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.163.com%2F12%2F0928%2F02%2F8CF46ULU00094MOK.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="维基数据">维基数据</a>上的相关属性： <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P9545" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P9545">中国大百科全书数据库编号（第二版）（P9545）</a></b>（<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP9545%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P9545%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20Chinese%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22zh%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22zh%22%20is%20Chinese.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">使用情况</a></span>）</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P10565" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P10565">中国大百科全书（第三版）标识符（P10565）</a></b>（<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP10565%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P10565%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20Chinese%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22zh%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22zh%22%20is%20Chinese.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">使用情况</a></span>）</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com">中国大百科全书第三版网络版</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://h.bkzx.cn">中国大百科全书数据库</a></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需付费查阅"><img alt="需付费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（繁體中文）</span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.wordpedia.com/index.php?md%3D789cp_index&cl%3D789other&at%3D789precursor">中國大百科全書智慧藏</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecph.com.cn">中国大百科全书出版社</a></span></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="漢語-&#123;zh-hans:在线;zh-tw:線上;zh-hk:在線&#125;-百科全書" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E7%B7%9A%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="Template:漢語在線百科全書"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E7%B7%9A%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:漢語在線百科全書（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E7%B7%9A%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:漢語在線百科全書"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="漢語-&#123;zh-hans:在线;zh-tw:線上;zh-hk:在線&#125;-百科全書" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="网络百科全书">漢語在线百科全書</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">运营中</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中国大百科全书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="中華百科全書">中華百科全書</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PTT%E9%84%89%E6%B0%91%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PTT鄉民百科（页面不存在）">PTT鄉民百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="网络生命大百科">网络生命大百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B8" title="香港網絡大典">香港網絡大典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8C%E5%A8%98%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="萌娘百科">萌娘百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBA%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%93%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="MBA智库百科">MBA智库百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%96%E9%9F%B3%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="抖音百科">抖音百科</a><small>（原名互動百科、頭條百科、快懂百科、识典百科）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="百度百科">百度百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="中文维基百科">中文维基百科</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中文百科在线（页面不存在）">中文百科在线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="360百科">360百科</a><small>（原名好搜百科）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E7%8B%97%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="搜狗百科">搜狗百科</a><small>（原名搜搜百科）</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E6%90%9C%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国搜百科（页面不存在）">国搜百科</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%2B%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A+医学百科（页面不存在）">A+医学百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E6%A9%9Fwiki" title="灰機wiki">灰機wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A%E9%92%88%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8#求闻百科" title="2021年维基媒体基金会针对中文维基百科的行动">求闻百科</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">停止运营</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%80%E8%BF%B7%E7%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="着迷網（页面不存在）">着迷網</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%AE%A2%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="维客中国">维客中国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%BA%93" title="维库">维库</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%A4%A9%E4%B9%A6" title="网络天书">网络天书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AcFun" title="AcFun">AcFun WIKI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="臺灣大百科全書">臺灣大百科全書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6#光碟版和网页版" title="大英百科全书">大英百科全書繁體中文版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knol" title="Knol">Knol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E7%8B%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="搜狗科学百科">搜狗科学百科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%B8%A1%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="小鸡词典">小鸡词典</a></li> <li><del>龙维基</del><small>（现已转型为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%85%B8" title="汉典">汉典</a>）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=中国大百科全书&oldid=83510112">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=中国大百科全书&oldid=83510112</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="Category:大百科全书">大百科全书</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="Category:中文百科全书">中文百科全书</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D" title="Category:中华人民共和国书籍">中华人民共和国书籍</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="Category:汉语在线百科全书">汉语在线百科全书</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="Category:20世纪百科全书">20世纪百科全书</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="Category:21世纪百科全书">21世纪百科全书</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F" title="Category:引文格式1错误：日期">引文格式1错误：日期</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BC%BA%E5%B0%91%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Category:缺少封面的圖書">缺少封面的圖書</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8A%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99" title="Category:维基数据上没有官方网站">维基数据上没有官方网站</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E8%A8%82%E9%96%B1%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面">含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年7月22日 (星期一) 10:08。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-8qrm9","wgBackendResponseTime":204,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.568","walltime":"0.716","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2534,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":266217,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3610,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":34858,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 549.874 1 -total"," 39.52% 217.314 1 Template:Infobox_Book"," 37.16% 204.348 1 Template:Infobox"," 23.49% 129.178 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.10% 72.052 1 Template:汉语在线百科全书"," 12.73% 69.997 9 Template:Cite_web"," 12.13% 66.726 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.96% 65.757 37 Template:If_empty"," 8.88% 48.841 1 Template:NoteTA"," 6.72% 36.938 1 Template:Wikidata_property"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.273","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7296932,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-598c47c764-blpzf","timestamp":"20241119030101","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q197836","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q197836","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-20T12:22:36Z","dateModified":"2024-07-22T10:08:12Z","headline":"\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5927\u578b\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66"}</script> </body> </html>