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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flora of India</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%80%DE%A8" title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ގަހާގެހި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ގަހާގެހި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گیاگان هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیاگان هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="भारतीय वनस्पतिजात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय वनस्पतिजात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_India" title="Flora India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Flora India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಭಾರತದ ಸಸ್ಯಸಂಪತ್ತು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತದ ಸಸ್ಯಸಂಪತ್ತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ინდოეთის ფლორა და ფაუნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთის ფლორა და ფაუნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സസ്യജാലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സസ്യജാലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਫਲੋਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਫਲੋਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Флора Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флора Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="భారతదేశ వృక్ష జాతులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతదేశ వృక్ష జాతులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Plants native to India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg/220px-Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg/330px-Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg/440px-Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Flower">Lotus</a>, the national flower of India</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife of India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/120px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/180px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/240px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Biodiversity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flora</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Lists</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_of_India" title="List of amphibians of India">Amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ants_of_India" title="List of ants of India">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_India" title="List of birds of India">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butterflies_of_India" title="List of butterflies of India">Butterflies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_animals_in_India" title="List of endangered animals in India">Endangered animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishes_of_India" title="List of fishes of India">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_India" title="List of mammals of India">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_India" title="List of non-marine molluscs of India">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moths_of_India" title="List of moths of India">Moths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Odonata_species_of_India" title="List of Odonata species of India">Odonates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_South_Asia" title="List of reptiles of South Asia">Reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spiders_of_India" title="List of spiders of India">Spiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cicindelidae_from_India" title="List of Cicindelidae from India">Tiger beetles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_areas_of_India" title="Conservation areas of India">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation and community reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant#Elephant_reserves" title="Project Elephant">Elephant reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_protected_areas_of_India" title="Private protected areas of India">Private protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India" title="List of Ramsar sites in India">Ramsar Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">Reserved and protected forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_reserves_of_India" title="Tiger reserves of India">Tiger reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_India" title="Conservation in India">Conservation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <dl><dd><b>Projects</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_reintroduction_in_India" title="Cheetah reintroduction in India">Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Dolphin_(India)" title="Project Dolphin (India)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant" title="Project Elephant">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Tiger</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Acts of Parliament</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Act,_1927" title="Indian Forest Act, 1927">Indian Forest Act 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(Protection)_Act,_1972" title="Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972">Wildlife Protection Act 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(Protection)_Amendment_Act,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002">Wildlife Protection Act 2002</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <dl><dd><b>National</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)">Ministry of Environment and Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Authority" title="National Biodiversity Authority">National Biodiversity Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Forest_Genetics_and_Tree_Breeding" title="Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding">Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Forestry_Research_and_Education" title="Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education">Council of Forestry Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Service" title="Indian Forest Service">Indian Forest Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forest_Survey_of_India" title="Forest Survey of India">Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Forest_Management" title="Indian Institute of Forest Management">Institute of Forest Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tiger_Conservation_Authority" title="National Tiger Conservation Authority">Tiger Conservation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Zoo_Authority" title="Central Zoo Authority">Zoo Authority</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>International</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Zoo_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Zoo Association (SAZARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Protection" title="World Animal Protection">World Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="World Association of Zoos and Aquariums">World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_parks_in_India" title="Fossil parks in India">Fossil parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_natural_history" title="Indian natural history">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Lists</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_India" title="List of botanical gardens in India">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_India" title="List of zoos in India">Zoological gardens</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Wildlife population</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_elephant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by elephant population">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_tiger_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by tiger population">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_wildlife_population" title="List of Indian states by wildlife population">Wildlife</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wildlife_of_India" title="Template:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wildlife_of_India" title="Template talk:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wildlife_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>flora of India</b> is one of the richest in the world due to the wide range of climate, <a href="/wiki/Topology" title="Topology">topology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> in the country. There are estimated to be over 18,000 species of flowering plants in India, which constitute some 6-7 percent of the total plant species in the world. India is home to more than 50,000 species of plants, including a variety of <a href="/wiki/Endemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemics">endemics</a>. The use of plants as a source of medicines has been an integral part of life in India from the earliest times. There are more than 3000 Indian plant species officially documented as possessing into eight main floristic regions : <a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayas" title="Western Himalayas">Western Himalayas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">Eastern Himalayas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus">Indus</a> plain, <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> plain, the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar region">Malabar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forests_and_wildlife_resources">Forests and wildlife resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Forests and wildlife resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Forest_Cover.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Indian_Forest_Cover.png/220px-Indian_Forest_Cover.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Indian_Forest_Cover.png/330px-Indian_Forest_Cover.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Indian_Forest_Cover.png/440px-Indian_Forest_Cover.png 2x" data-file-width="1947" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption>Indian Forest cover map as of 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1992, 743,534 km<sup>2</sup> of land in the country was forested of which 92 percent was government land. This amounts to 22.7 percent land coverage, compared to the recommended 33 percent of the <a href="/wiki/National_Forest_Policy,_1988" title="National Forest Policy, 1988">National Forest Policy Resolution 1952</a>. The majority of trees are broad-leaved <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>, with one-sixth <i><a href="/wiki/Sal_(tree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal (tree)">sal</a></i> and one-tenth <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coniferous_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Coniferous forest">Coniferous</a> types are found in the northern high altitude regions and largely comprise <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">junipers</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Deodar_forests" title="Deodar forests">deodars</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India's <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">forest cover</a> ranges from the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">coniferous forest</a> of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the <a href="/wiki/Shorea_robusta" title="Shorea robusta">sal</a>-dominated <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">moist deciduous</a> forest of eastern India; <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>-dominated <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">dry deciduous</a> forest of central and southern India; and the <a href="/wiki/Acacia_nilotica_indica" class="mw-redirect" title="Acacia nilotica indica">babul</a>-dominated <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">thorn forest</a> of the central Deccan and western Gangetic plain. Pine, fir, spruce, cedar, larch and cypress are the timber-yielding plants widely prevalent throughout the hilly regions of India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Forestry_Research_and_Education" title="Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education">Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_and_threatened_plants_of_India" title="List of endemic and threatened plants of India">List of endemic and threatened plants of India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMajid2014" class="citation book cs1">Majid, Husain (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bosmBAAAQBAJ"><i>Geography of India</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 5.2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789351343578" title="Special:BookSources/9789351343578"><bdi>9789351343578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography+of+India&rft.pages=5.2&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=9789351343578&rft.aulast=Majid&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbosmBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlora+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagSengupta1992" class="citation book cs1">Nag, Prithvish; Sengupta, Smita (1 January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yUtagKhyt9MC"><i>Geography of India</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170223849" title="Special:BookSources/9788170223849"><bdi>9788170223849</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography+of+India&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.isbn=9788170223849&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Prithvish&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Smita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyUtagKhyt9MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlora+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222012410/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/species_database.html">SPECIES CHECKLIST: Species Diversity in India</a>; ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database); <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a> (WII)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091227234702/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/database.html">ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a> (WII)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wii.gov.in/images/wii/envis_specia_habitat_threatened_plants_india.pdf">Free EBOOK: Special Habitats and Threatened Plants of India</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a> (WII)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecoheritage.cpreec.org/index.php">ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Ecological Heritage and Sacred Sights of India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195115/http://www.ecoheritage.cpreec.org/index.php">Archived</a> 12 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; ENVIS; C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre is a Centre of Excellence of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flora_of_India" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Flora of India">Flora of India</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=List_of_Indian_medicinal_plants">List of Indian medicinal plants</a> on the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversityofindia.org">Biodiversity of India</a></i> website. A list of 932 commercially traded Indian medicinal plants (as per the ENVIS-FRLHT database) and their taxonomic status.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/floraofbritishin01hookrich">Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India Volume 1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/floraofbritishin02hookrich">Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India Volume 2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/floraofbritishin03hookrich">Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India Volume 3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/floraofbritishin04hookrich">Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India Volume 4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/floraofbritishin05hookrich">Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India Volume 5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/floraofbritishin06hookrich">Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India Volume 6</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624000650/http://forest.ap.nic.in/Forest%20Flora%20of%20Andhra%20Pradesh/Flora%20by%20M%20Sharfuddin%20Khan/index.htm">Flora of Andhra Pradesh By Sharfudding Khan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080623210611/http://forest.ap.nic.in/Forest%20Flora%20of%20Andhra%20Pradesh/index.htm">Flora of Andhra Pradesh by RD Reddy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eflorakerala.com/">E-Flora of Kerala by N Sasidharan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">Geological Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landforms_of_India" title="Landforms of India">Landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_India" title="Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_rivers_of_India" title="List of major rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_India" title="List of waterfalls in India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West India">West India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Geographical regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Circars" title="Northern Circars">Circars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Himalaya">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Himalaya">Himachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Himadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="Canara">Canara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Coast">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiawar" title="Kathiawar">Kathiawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_divisions_in_India" title="List of divisions in India">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of India">Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Ecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected Areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_areas_of_India" title="Conservation areas of India">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation and community reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant#Elephant_reserves" title="Project Elephant">Elephant reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India" title="List of Ramsar sites in India">Ramsar Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">Reserved and protected forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_reserves_of_India" title="Tiger reserves of India">Tiger reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flora_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flora_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Flora of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flora of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Indonesia" title="Flora of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Japan" title="Flora of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_Korea" title="Flora of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Lebanon" title="Flora of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Malaysia" title="Flora of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Nepal" title="Flora of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_the_Philippines" title="Flora of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Qatar" title="Flora of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Singapore" title="Flora of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Thailand" title="Flora of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Turkey" title="Flora of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Taiwan" title="Flora of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Flora of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_of_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora of Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> 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