ADW: Taurotragus oryx: INFORMATION

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>ADW: Taurotragus oryx: INFORMATION</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.3.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/compat.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://animaldiversity.org/favicon.ico" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Gentium+Book+Basic:400,400italic,700,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.styles.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.print.css" media="print" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/" /> <meta content="Taurotragus oryx (eland)" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="Animal Diversity Web" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/christopher_jameson/taurotragus_oryx_1/medium.jpg" property="og:image" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AnimalDiversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Taurotragus oryx (eland)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Read about Taurotragus oryx (eland) on the Animal Diversity Web." /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/christopher_jameson/taurotragus_oryx_1/medium.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="332" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="504" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/Hyphenator.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/social-likes/social-likes_birman.css" /> <style> .social-likes { margin: 0; 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They are also found in semidesert areas and at elevations up to 14400 ft. During the heat of the day, they are often found in shaded areas.</p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Terrestrial Biomes</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145599::20020904145583::20020904145682">savanna or grassland</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145677">scrub forest</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="physical_description">Physical Description</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Eland males are much larger than females, weighing 400-1000 kg compared to 300-600 kg for females. Hides are a uniform fawn color with some vertical white striping on the upper parts. A dewlap, thought to be an adaptation for heat dissapation, hangs from the throat and neck. Heavy horns are twisted in a corkscrew fashion and grow up to 4 ft. long on males, 2.2 ft. long on females. A short mane occurs on the nape, and males have long hairs on the throat.</p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Other Physical Features</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020916130951">endothermic</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145642">bilateral symmetry</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate two-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Range mass</dt> <dd>300 to 1000 kg</dd> <dd class="english">660.79 to 2202.64 lb</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Average basal metabolic rate</dt> <dd>190.209 W</dd> <dd> <small> <a href="http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Taurotragus_oryx" class="external-link">AnAge</a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="reproduction">Reproduction</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Dominant males mate with multiple females. In some areas, there are distinct breeding seasons--in Zambia, for example, young are born in July and August. Gestation lasts from 8.5-9 months and only single young are born. Male young weigh between 28-35 kg, while female young weight between 23-31 kg. Small calves lie in concealment rather than remaining with their mothers. Weaning occurs after 6 months, and sexual maturity occurs at about 3 years. Maximum lifespan is 25 years. Young often associate in groups of their peers.</p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Reproductive Features</li> <li> <span>gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)</span> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145786">sexual</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate three-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Range number of offspring</dt> <dd>1 to 2</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Average number of offspring</dt> <dd>1.02</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Average number of offspring</dt> <dd>1</dd> <dd> <small> <a href="http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Taurotragus_oryx" class="external-link">AnAge</a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Range gestation period</dt> <dd>8.8 to 9.27 months</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Average gestation period</dt> <dd>9.1 months</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Average weaning age</dt> <dd>6 months</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)<br /><span>Sex: female</span></dt> <dd>589 days</dd> <dd> <small> <a href="http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Taurotragus_oryx" class="external-link">AnAge</a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)<br /><span>Sex: male</span></dt> <dd>571 days</dd> <dd> <small> <a href="http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Taurotragus_oryx" class="external-link">AnAge</a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Parental Investment</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145328">altricial</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="lifespan_longevity">Lifespan/Longevity</h3> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate one-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Average lifespan<br /><span>Sex: female</span><br /><span>Status: captivity</span></dt> <dd>23.6 years</dd> <dd> <small> <a href="http://www.demogr.mpg.de//cgi-bin/longevityrecords/reference.plx?data=112" class="external-link">Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research</a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="behavior">Behavior</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Herds usually number up to 25 individuals, although larger temporary aggregations of females and calves occur during the wet season. There may be more than one adult male in a herd, but there is a strict dominance hierarchy that controls access to breeding females. Home ranges of females, which make extensive movements during the wet season, are much than those of males, . Male territories occur primarily in wooded areas. Fighting between males is done with horns. Males feel out each others' horns, and then push with all their might.</p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Behaviors</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145472">motile</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145381">solitary</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145492">social</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145738">dominance hierarchies</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="communication">Communication and Perception</h3> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Perception Channels</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145500">tactile</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145606">chemical</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="food_habits">Food Habits</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">The diet of elands consist of grasses, herbs, tree leaves, bushes, and succulent fruits. They generally forage in open areas. Water is consumed voraciously when available, but elands can abstain from drinking in dry seasons.</p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="economic_importance_positive">Economic Importance for Humans: Positive</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Elands provide large amount of tender meat, as well as high-quality hides. There has been efforts to domesticate them for both their meat and their milk, which has much higher protein content and milkfat than the milk of cows. To date, only one of these domestication attempts has been successful.</p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Positive Impacts</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145418">food</a> </li> <li> <span>body parts are source of valuable material</span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="economic_importance_negative">Economic Importance for Humans: Negative</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">None</p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="conservation_status">Conservation Status</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Eland populations have declined or have been extirpated in many parts of their range, but overall are still relatively common. Overhunting has been one cause of the declining numbers.</p> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate three-up"> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">IUCN Red List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>Least Concern</span> <br /> <small> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/22055"> More information </a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">IUCN Red List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>Least Concern</span> <br /> <small> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/22055"> More information </a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/">US Federal List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>No special status</span> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php">CITES</a> </dt> <dd> <span>No special status</span> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="comments">Other Comments</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Natural enemies include lions and African hunting dogs. Although elands are massive, they are excellent jumpers and can clear heights of 1.5 meters.</p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="contributors">Contributors</h3> <p>Bridget Fahey (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. </p> </section> <section class="offscreen"> <h3 id="glossary">Glossary</h3> <div id="20020916134510"> <dl> <dt>Ethiopian</dt> <dd> <p>living in sub-Saharan Africa (south of 30 degrees north) and Madagascar.</p> <p align="center"> <img alt="World Map" src="/images/worldmap.2001.jpg" /> </p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145328"> <dl> <dt>altricial</dt> <dd> <p>young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth/hatching. In birds, naked and helpless after hatching.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145642"> <dl> <dt>bilateral symmetry</dt> <dd> <p>having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145606"> <dl> <dt>chemical</dt> <dd> <p>uses smells or other chemicals to communicate</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145738"> <dl> <dt>dominance hierarchies</dt> <dd> <p>ranking system or pecking order among members of a long-term social group, where dominance status affects access to resources or mates</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020916130951"> <dl> <dt>endothermic</dt> <dd> <p>animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145418"> <dl> <dt>food</dt> <dd> <p>A substance that provides both nutrients and energy to a living thing.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145472"> <dl> <dt>motile</dt> <dd> <p>having the capacity to move from one place to another.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145365"> <dl> <dt>native range</dt> <dd> <p>the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145677"> <dl> <dt>scrub forest</dt> <dd> <p>scrub forests develop in areas that experience dry seasons.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145786"> <dl> <dt>sexual</dt> <dd> <p>reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145492"> <dl> <dt>social</dt> <dd> <p>associates with others of its species; forms social groups.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145381"> <dl> <dt>solitary</dt> <dd> <p>lives alone</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145500"> <dl> <dt>tactile</dt> <dd> <p>uses touch to communicate</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145599::20020904145583::20020904145682"> <dl> <dt>tropical savanna and grassland</dt> <dd> <p>A terrestrial biome. Savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy. Extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical Africa and South America, and in Australia.</p> </dd> <dt>savanna</dt> <dd> <p>A grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees, a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest. See also Tropical savanna and grassland biome.</p> </dd> <dt>temperate grassland</dt> <dd> <p>A terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes (>23.5掳 N or S latitude). Vegetation is made up mostly of grasses, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available. Fire and grazing are important in the long-term maintenance of grasslands.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="references">References</h3> <p id="0fa2f83d9b4e5bd39216e71e18de4847">Nowak, R.M. Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press.</p> <p id="ae29d0362aa0e1b11641158cc5fe3817">Grizemek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="span2_5 right sidebar"> <div class="well" id="pocket-guide-link"> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/adw-pocket-guide/id916179421?mt=8" target="_blank"><i class="icon-download icon-white" style="vertical-align: bottom"></i> ADW Pocket Guides on the iOS App Store! </a> <p>The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides!</p> <p> <a href="/news/5009059054038197651/">Read more...</a> </p> </div> <h2 class="offscreen">Search</h2> <div id="site-search"> <form action="/search" method="GET"> <label for="q" class="offscreen">Enter search text</label> <input value="" id="q" name="q" class="span12" size="15" type="text" placeholder="Search ADW" /> <button class="btn"> <i class="icon-zoom-in"></i> <span class="offscreen">Search</span> </button> <p style="max-height: 35px"> <label for="feature-list" class="offscreen">Search in feature</label> <select size="1" name="feature" class="feature-list 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rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Chordata: specimens (6829)" data-delay="250">Chordata: specimens (6829)</a> <a href="/accounts/Chordata/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Chordata: sounds (709)" data-delay="250">Chordata: sounds (709)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Subphylum</span> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/" class="taxon-name rank-subphylum">Vertebrata</a> <span class="vernacular-name">vertebrates</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="3899">Vertebrata: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: pictures (15168)" data-delay="250">Vertebrata: pictures (15168)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: specimens (6827)" data-delay="250">Vertebrata: specimens (6827)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: sounds (709)" data-delay="250">Vertebrata: sounds (709)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Class</span> <a href="/accounts/Mammalia/" class="taxon-name rank-class">Mammalia</a> <span class="vernacular-name">mammals</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Mammalia/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Mammalia: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="2048">Mammalia: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Mammalia/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Mammalia: pictures (4389)" data-delay="250">Mammalia: pictures (4389)</a> <a href="/accounts/Mammalia/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Mammalia: specimens (6622)" data-delay="250">Mammalia: specimens (6622)</a> <a href="/accounts/Mammalia/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Mammalia: sounds (13)" data-delay="250">Mammalia: sounds (13)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Order</span> <a href="/accounts/Artiodactyla/" class="taxon-name rank-order">Artiodactyla</a> <span class="vernacular-name">even-toed ungulates</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Artiodactyla/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Artiodactyla: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="189">Artiodactyla: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Artiodactyla/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Artiodactyla: pictures (877)" data-delay="250">Artiodactyla: pictures (877)</a> <a href="/accounts/Artiodactyla/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Artiodactyla: specimens (581)" data-delay="250">Artiodactyla: specimens (581)</a> <a href="/accounts/Artiodactyla/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Artiodactyla: sounds (1)" data-delay="250">Artiodactyla: sounds (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Family</span> <a href="/accounts/Bovidae/" class="taxon-name rank-family">Bovidae</a> <span class="vernacular-name">antelopes, cattle, gazelles, goats, sheep, and relatives</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Bovidae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Bovidae: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="108">Bovidae: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Bovidae/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Bovidae: pictures (397)" data-delay="250">Bovidae: pictures (397)</a> <a href="/accounts/Bovidae/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Bovidae: specimens (470)" data-delay="250">Bovidae: specimens (470)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Genus</span> <a href="/accounts/Taurotragus/" class="taxon-name rank-genus">Taurotragus</a> <span class="vernacular-name">elands</span> <div class="features"> <span class="feature-off feature-information"></span> <a href="/accounts/Taurotragus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Taurotragus: pictures (6)" data-delay="250">Taurotragus: pictures (6)</a> <a href="/accounts/Taurotragus/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Taurotragus: specimens (4)" data-delay="250">Taurotragus: specimens (4)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li class="active"> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Taurotragus oryx</a> <span class="vernacular-name">eland</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Taurotragus oryx: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Taurotragus oryx: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Taurotragus oryx: pictures (6)" data-delay="250">Taurotragus oryx: pictures (6)</a> <a href="/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Taurotragus oryx: specimens (4)" data-delay="250">Taurotragus oryx: specimens (4)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" aria-role="contentinfo"> <div class="inner-footer"> <div class="page-citation"> <p class="content">To cite this page: Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 25, 2024 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Taurotragus_oryx/</p> </div> <div class="disclaimer"> <p class="content"><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource <strong>written largely by and for college students</strong>. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. </p> </div> <div class="footer-links"> <ul class="unstyled"> <li><a href="https://www.umich.edu/">U-M Gateway</a> | <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/ummz/">U-M Museum of Zoology</a></li> <li> <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/eeb/">U-M Ecology and Evolutionary Biology</a> </li> <li> 漏 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan </li> <li><a href="/feedback/error_form/">Report Error</a> / <a href="/feedback/comment_form/">Comment</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="thanks-links"> <p>This material is based upon work supported by the <a href="https://nsf.gov">National Science Foundation</a> Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. </p> <p> The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. </p> </div> </div> </div> <script></script> </div> <script src="/static/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/pica.information.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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ADW: Taurotragus oryx: INFORMATION