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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Bloemfontein&returntoquery=section%3D5%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Bloemfontein&returntoquery=section%3D5%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie_en_bynaam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie_en_bynaam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie en bynaam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie_en_bynaam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vroeë geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britse_dorpstigting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britse_dorpstigting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Britse dorpstigting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britse_dorpstigting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vroeë_kerkgemeentes_en_perswese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_kerkgemeentes_en_perswese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Vroeë kerkgemeentes en perswese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_kerkgemeentes_en_perswese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koloniale_ekonomie_en_infrastruktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koloniale_ekonomie_en_infrastruktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Koloniale ekonomie en infrastruktuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koloniale_ekonomie_en_infrastruktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oranje-Vrystaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oranje-Vrystaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Oranje-Vrystaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oranje-Vrystaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bloemfontein_in_die_Unie_van_Suid-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bloemfontein_in_die_Unie_van_Suid-Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Bloemfontein in die Unie van Suid-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bloemfontein_in_die_Unie_van_Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartheidsera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheidsera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Apartheidsera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheidsera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sedert_1994" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sedert_1994"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Sedert 1994</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sedert_1994-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie_en_klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie_en_klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geografie en klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie_en_klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kultuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Kultuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rosefees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosefees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Rosefees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosefees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Demografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Joodse_gemeenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joodse_gemeenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Joodse gemeenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joodse_gemeenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woonbuurte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woonbuurte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Woonbuurte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woonbuurte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Infrastruktuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastruktuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Infrastruktuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paaie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paaie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Paaie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paaie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoorlyne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoorlyne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Spoorlyne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoorlyne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lugvervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lugvervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Lugvervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lugvervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geïntegreerde_Vervoernetwerk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geïntegreerde_Vervoernetwerk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.4</span> <span>Geïntegreerde Vervoernetwerk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geïntegreerde_Vervoernetwerk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Onderwys</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Onderwys subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primêre_onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primêre_onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primêre onderwys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primêre_onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sekondêre_onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekondêre_onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sekondêre onderwys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sekondêre_onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tersiêre_onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tersiêre_onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Tersiêre onderwys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tersiêre_onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Groot_maatskappye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groot_maatskappye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Groot maatskappye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groot_maatskappye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitale_en_klinieke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitale_en_klinieke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Hospitale en klinieke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitale_en_klinieke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vermaak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vermaak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Vermaak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vermaak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Godsdiens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Godsdiens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Godsdiens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Godsdiens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gemeenskapsorganisasies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gemeenskapsorganisasies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Gemeenskapsorganisasies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gemeenskapsorganisasies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bekende_boorlinge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bekende_boorlinge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bekende boorlinge</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bekende_boorlinge-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Bekende boorlinge subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bekende_boorlinge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rugbyspelers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugbyspelers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Rugbyspelers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugbyspelers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krieketspelers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krieketspelers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Krieketspelers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krieketspelers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sokkerspelers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sokkerspelers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Sokkerspelers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sokkerspelers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Musici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akteurs/regisseurs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akteurs/regisseurs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Akteurs/regisseurs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akteurs/regisseurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.6</span> <span>Ander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bloemfontein</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 126 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">126 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтеин – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Блумфонтеин" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%88%89%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%8E%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B4%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95" title="ብሉምፎንቴይን – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ብሉምፎንቴይን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بلومفونتين – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلومفونتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بلومفونتين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلومفونتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumfonteyn" title="Blumfonteyn – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Blumfonteyn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86" title="بلومفونتن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلومفونتن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфантэйн – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блумфантэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтейн – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Блумфонтейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ব্লুমফন্টেইন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্লুমফন্টেইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтейн – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Блумфонтейн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Habagatang_Aprika)" title="Bloemfontein (kapital sa lalawigan sa Habagatang Aprika) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bloemfontein (kapital sa lalawigan sa Habagatang Aprika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بلوومفۆنتەین – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بلوومفۆنتەین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Μπλουμφοντέιν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπλουμφοντέιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86" title="بلومفونتن – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلومفونتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בלומפונטיין – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלומפונטיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्लूमफ़ोनटेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्लूमफ़ोनटेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Բլումֆոնտեյն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բլումֆոնտեյն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ブルームフォンテーン – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルームフォンテーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბლუმფონტეინი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბლუმფონტეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтейн – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Блумфонтейн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%B8%ED%8F%B0%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8" title="블룸폰테인 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블룸폰테인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumfonteinas" title="Blumfonteinas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Blumfonteinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumfonteina" title="Blumfonteina – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Blumfonteina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABrumiwh%C5%8Dniniti" title="Pūrumiwhōniniti – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pūrumiwhōniniti" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтејн – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Блумфонтејн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ബ്ലൂംഫൗണ്ടെയിൻ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്ലൂംഫൗണ്ടെയിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्लूमफाँटेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्लूमफाँटेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86" title="بلومفونتن – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بلومفونتن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumfonteyn" title="Blumfonteyn – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Blumfonteyn" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chx%C7%AB%C7%ABh_Bii%CA%BC_T%C3%B3h%C3%A1%C3%A1l%C4%AF%CC%81" title="Chxǫǫh Biiʼ Tóháálį́ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chxǫǫh Biiʼ Tóháálį́" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтейн – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Блумфонтейн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਲੂਮਫੋਂਟੈਨ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲੂਮਫੋਂਟੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بلومفونٹین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلومفونٹین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтейн – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блумфонтейн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтејн – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Блумфонтејн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaung" title="Mangaung – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mangaung" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="புளும்பொன்டின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புளும்பொன்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтейн – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Блумфонтейн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99" title="บลูมฟอนเทน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บลูมฟอนเทน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Блумфонтейн – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Блумфонтейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بلومفونٹین – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلومفونٹین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="布隆方丹 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布隆方丹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBloemfontein" title="EBloemfontein – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="EBloemfontein" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბლუმფონტეინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბლუმფონტეინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בלומפאנטיין – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בלומפאנטיין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="布隆方丹 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布隆方丹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bloemfontein" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="布隆方丹 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布隆方丹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBloemfontein" title="IBloemfontein – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBloemfontein" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37701#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Bloemfontein" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Bloemfontein" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Bloemfontein" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&oldid=2694055" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Bloemfontein&id=2694055&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBloemfontein%26section%3D5%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBloemfontein%26section%3D5%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bloemfontein"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bloemfontein&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bloemfontein" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37701" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel" title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel">Koördinate</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bloemfontein&language=af&params=29_7_11_S_26_13_30_O_type:city_region:ZA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">29°7′11″S</span> <span class="longitude">26°13′30″O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">29.11972°S 26.22500°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-29.11972; 26.22500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Bloemfontein</div><br /><div class="nickname" style="font-size:78%;display:inline;">Mangaung <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Suid-Sotho">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">st</span>) </span><br />ǀʼAuxa ǃXās</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category">Stad</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein,_Free_State,_South_Africa_(20351086709).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="'n Uitsig oor Bloemfontein"><img alt="'n Uitsig oor Bloemfontein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820351086709%29.jpg/250px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820351086709%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820351086709%29.jpg/375px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820351086709%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820351086709%29.jpg/500px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820351086709%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a></span><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">'n Uitsig oor Bloemfontein</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;"> <div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Bloemfontein"><img alt="Wapen van Bloemfontein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bloemfontein_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/100px-Bloemfontein_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bloemfontein_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/150px-Bloemfontein_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bloemfontein_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/200px-Bloemfontein_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="303" /></a></span><div style="padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 0;">Wapen</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Byname: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Rosestad</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Leuse(s): <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">"Floreat" ("Laat dit blom")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2326688">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0%;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bloemfontein is in Vrystaat"><img alt="Bloemfontein is in Vrystaat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg/250px-South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg/375px-South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg/500px-South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="1008" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:58.216%;left:34.348%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bloemfontein"><img alt="Bloemfontein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bloemfontein</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> Bloemfontein se ligging in Vrystaat</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Koördinate: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bloemfontein&language=af&params=29_7_11_S_26_13_30_O_type:city_region:ZA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">29°7′11″S</span> <span class="longitude">26°13′30″O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">29.11972°S 26.22500°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-29.11972; 26.22500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Land</th><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Provinsies_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Provinsies van Suid-Afrika">Provinsie</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Vrystaat" title="Vrystaat">Vrystaat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Munisipaliteit" title="Munisipaliteit">Munisipaliteit</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Mangaung_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit" title="Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit">Mangaung</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Stigting</th><td><a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Regering<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/Burgemeester" title="Burgemeester">Burgemeester</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Nthatisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Nthatisi (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gregory Nthatisi</a> (<a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Oppervlak<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Stad</th><td>236,17 km<sup>2</sup> (91,19 vk. myl)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Metro<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>6 283,99 km<sup>2</sup> (2 426,26 vk. myl)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Hoogte<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>1 395 m (4 577 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Bevolking<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Stad</th><td>528 000<sup id="cite_ref-Cox_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Skatting <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">(2011)</div></th><td>256 185</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropool" title="Metropool">Metro</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>747 431</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Metrodigtheid</th><td>120/km<sup>2</sup> (300/vk. myl)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Demoniem" title="Demoniem">Demoniem(e)</a></th><td>Bloemfonteiners</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Rasverdeling <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wit_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Wit Suid-Afrikaners">Wit mense</a></span></th><td>29,8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asiatiese_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Asiatiese Suid-Afrikaners">Indiërs/Asiërs</a></span></th><td>0,8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bruin_mense" title="Bruin mense">Bruin mense</a></span></th><td>12,8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Swart_mense" title="Swart mense">Swart mense</a></span></th><td>56,1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Ander</span></th><td>9,5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Taal <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </span></th><td>42,5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suid-Sotho" title="Suid-Sotho">Suid-Sotho</a> </span></th><td>33,4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> </span></th><td>7,5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa">Xhosa</a> </span></th><td>7,1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Ander </span></th><td>9,5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Poskode" title="Poskode">Poskode</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(strate)</span></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">9300</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Poskode" title="Poskode">Poskode</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(posbusse)</span></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">9301</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Skakelkode</th><td>051</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Webwerf</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloemfontein.co.za/">Mangaung-munisipaliteit</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bloemfontein</b> is die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrikaanse</a> provinsie <a href="/wiki/Vrystaat" title="Vrystaat">Vrystaat</a> en die land se <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_dorpe_in_Suid-Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika">sesde grootste stad</a>. Dit is ook sedert 1910 Suid-Afrika se regterlike hoofstad (een van die land se drie hoofstede).<sup id="cite_ref-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suid-Afrika se hoogste hof, die <a href="/wiki/Konstitusionele_Hof_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Konstitusionele Hof van Suid-Afrika">Konstitusionele Hof</a>, is egter sedert 1994 in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> gesetel.<sup id="cite_ref-Marais_Twala_2020_pp._49–62_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marais_Twala_2020_pp._49–62-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloemfontein staan informeel as <b>Bloem</b> bekend en word in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Sotho" title="Suid-Sotho">Suid-Sotho</a> <b>Mangaung</b> ("plek van die <a href="/wiki/Jagluiperd" title="Jagluiperd">jagluiperde</a>") genoem en deur die <a href="/wiki/Griekwas" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Griekwas">Griekwas</a> <b>ǀʼAuxa ǃXās</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die stad beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 236 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vierkante kilometer</a> en het 'n bevolking van sowat 528 000.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="/wiki/Mangaung_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit" title="Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit">Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit</a>, waarvan dit deel is, het 'n bevolking van 747 431.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloemfontein lê op 'n hoogte van 1 395 m bo seevlak. Sedert 2023 dien <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Nthatisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Nthatisi (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gregory Nthatisi</a> van die <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC) as uitvoerende <a href="/wiki/Burgemeester" title="Burgemeester">burgemeester</a> van Bloemfontein en omstreke.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein,_Free_State,_South_Africa_(20511526246).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820511526246%29.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820511526246%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820511526246%29.jpg/330px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820511526246%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820511526246%29.jpg/440px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820511526246%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>'n Uitsig oor Bloemfontein, soos gesien vanaf <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hill" title="Naval Hill">Naval Hill</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:High_Court,_Bloemfontein,_South_Africa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/High_Court%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South_Africa.JPG/220px-High_Court%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South_Africa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/High_Court%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South_Africa.JPG/330px-High_Court%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South_Africa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/High_Court%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South_Africa.JPG/440px-High_Court%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South_Africa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Hoogste_Hof_van_App%C3%A8l,_Suid-Afrika" title="Hoogste Hof van Appèl, Suid-Afrika">Appèlhof van Suid-Afrika</a> in Bloemfontein</figcaption></figure> <p>Bloemfontein lê in die hart van die Vrystaat se sentrale plato en is een van die min stede met 'n wildtuin in sy sentrum, bo-op <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hill" title="Naval Hill">Naval Hill</a>. Bloemfontein staan nog steeds vir sy blommeprag en die voormalige Rosefees bekend en het die bynaam <b>Rosestad</b>. Die stad is geleë in die middel van die land, waarvolgens dit ook "Sentraal-Suid-Afrika" genoem word.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die stad het sy oorsprong in 'n Britse fort en nedersetting wat in 1846 deur majoor Henry Douglas Warden in die destydse Transoranje-streek gevestig is. Dit het vervolgens as administratiewe setel van die Britse kolonie <a href="/wiki/Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit" title="Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit">Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit</a> (1848–1854) en die onafhanklike Boererepubliek Oranje-Vrystaat gedien wat in 1854 gestig is. Tussen Mei en Junie 1899 is die historiese <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein-konferensie" title="Bloemfontein-konferensie">Bloemfontein-konferensie</a> hier gehou as 'n laaste vergeefse poging om 'n militêre konflik tussen die destydse <a href="/wiki/Boererepubliek" title="Boererepubliek">Boererepublieke</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Britse_Ryk" title="Britse Ryk">Britse Ryk</a> te vermy. In die 20ste eeu het Bloemfontein tot die geografiese spilpunt van Suid-Afrika se spoorwegnetwerk ontwikkel. Sowat 160 km noordoos van Bloemfontein het 'n groot ekonomiese opswaai vanaf 1948 met die ontginning van die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaatse_Goudveld" title="Vrystaatse Goudveld">Vrystaatse Goudveld</a> begin. Later, vanaf 1962, het die gebied sentraal gestaan in die verwesenliking van die <a href="/wiki/Oranjerivierprojek" title="Oranjerivierprojek">Oranjerivierprojek</a> met sy waterkragsentrales en besproeiingskemas. </p><p>Vandag is Bloemfontein 'n moderne stad met <a href="/wiki/Wolkekrabber" title="Wolkekrabber">wolkekrabbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winkelsentrum" title="Winkelsentrum">winkelsentrums</a> en <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurante</a>; en die <a href="/wiki/Sand_du_Plessis-teaterkompleks" title="Sand du Plessis-teaterkompleks">Sand du Plessis-teater</a> as een van sy kenmerkendste argitektoniese besienswaardighede. Tegelykertyd het Bloemfontein sy kulturele erfenis bewaar en die stad spog met pragtige historiese geboue soos die <a href="/wiki/Stadhuis_van_Bloemfontein" title="Stadhuis van Bloemfontein">Raadsaal</a>, een van die mooistes in Suid-Afrika. In die stad is die <a href="/wiki/Hoogste_Hof_van_App%C3%A8l,_Suid-Afrika" title="Hoogste Hof van Appèl, Suid-Afrika">Hoogste Hof van Appèl</a>, Franklin-wildreservaat, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hill" title="Naval Hill">Naval Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maselspoort" title="Maselspoort">Maselspoort</a>-ontspanningsoord en die <a href="/wiki/Sand_du_Plessis-teaterkompleks" title="Sand du Plessis-teaterkompleks">Sand du Plessis-teaterkompleks</a> geleë. Die stad beskik ook oor 'n aantal museums, waaronder die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Afrikaanse_Letterkundige_Museum_en_Navorsingsentrum" title="Nasionale Afrikaanse Letterkundige Museum en Navorsingsentrum">Nasionale Afrikaanse Letterkundige Museum en Navorsingsentrum</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Vrouemonument" title="Nasionale Vrouemonument">Nasionale Vrouemonument</a>, die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Boereoorlogmuseum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Boereoorlogmuseum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Anglo-Boereoorlogmuseum</a>, die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasionale_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasionale Museum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nasionale Museum</a> en die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliewenhuis_Kunsmuseum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliewenhuis Kunsmuseum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Oliewenhuis Kunsmuseum</a>. Bloemfontein spog ook met die eerste digitale <a href="/wiki/Planetarium" title="Planetarium">planetarium</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Halfrond" title="Suidelike Halfrond">Suidelike Halfrond</a>, die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Hill-planetarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Hill-planetarium (bladsy bestaan nie)">Naval Hill-planetarium</a>, en die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boyden-observatorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boyden-observatorium (bladsy bestaan nie)">Boyden-observatorium</a>, 'n sterrekundige navorsingssterrewag. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie_en_bynaam">Etimologie en bynaam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie en bynaam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie en bynaam"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:H_Nicolls_Bloemfontein_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/0/07/H_Nicolls_Bloemfontein_1868.jpg/220px-H_Nicolls_Bloemfontein_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/0/07/H_Nicolls_Bloemfontein_1868.jpg/330px-H_Nicolls_Bloemfontein_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/0/07/H_Nicolls_Bloemfontein_1868.jpg/440px-H_Nicolls_Bloemfontein_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4279" data-file-height="3017" /></a><figcaption>Bloemfontein soos in 1868 deur H. Nicolls geskilder</figcaption></figure> <p>Daar is onsekerheid oor die oorsprong van die stad se naam. Daar word aangeneem dit kom van die <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlandse</a> woorde <i>bloem</i> en <i>fontein</i>, dus "fontein van blomme". </p><p>Een van die gewilde koloniale legendes lui 'n <a href="/wiki/Os" title="Os">os</a> met die naam Bloem het behoort aan Rudolphus Martinus Brits, een van die eerste boere, wat naby 'n fontein op sy plaas deur 'n <a href="/wiki/Leeu" title="Leeu">leeu</a> gevang is. </p><p>'n Waarskynliker verhaal is dié oor Jan Bloem II (1775–1858), 'n <a href="/wiki/Griekwas_(stam)" title="Griekwas (stam)">Griekwa-leier</a> wat hom daar gevestig het.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy vader was Jan Bloem, 'n vlugteling van die <a href="/wiki/Kaapkolonie" title="Kaapkolonie">Kaapkolonie</a>, waar hy na bewering gesoek is in verband met die moord op sy eerste vrou. Bloem was bekend as 'n goeie skut en het 'n rol gespeel in die opleiding van Griekwavegters tydens die Griekwaoorloë in die 18de eeu. Sy seun het later die leier van die streek geword. </p><p>Die Suid-Sotho-naam <i>Mangaung</i> beteken "die plek waar die <a href="/wiki/Jagluiperd" title="Jagluiperd">jagluiperds</a> dwaal". Die Griekwa-naam, <i>ǀʼAuxa ǃXās</i>, verwys na Jan Bloem II. </p><p>Daar word dikwels na die stad verwys as die "Rosestad" danksy die verskeidenheid <a href="/wiki/Roos" title="Roos">rose</a> wat goed in die klimaat aard en jaarliks van die <a href="/wiki/Lente" title="Lente">lente</a> tot diep in die <a href="/wiki/Herfs" title="Herfs">herfs</a> 'n blommeprag oplewer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_geskiedenis"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_geskiedenis"></span>Vroeë geskiedenis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Bloemfonteingebied is oorspronklik deur <a href="/wiki/Boesman" title="Boesman">San</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griekwas_(stam)" title="Griekwas (stam)">Griekwas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Basotho" title="Basotho">Basotho</a> bewoon voordat die eerste <a href="/wiki/Voortrekkers" title="Voortrekkers">Voortrekkers</a> hulle in die 1830's hier gevestig het. Een van die eerste <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a>, wat omstreeks 1840 'n plaas in die streek bewoon het, was Johannes Nicolaas Brits (* 1790). Volgens oorlewering het Brits sy plaas na aanleiding van 'n fontein met blomme "Bloemfontein" genoem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britse_dorpstigting">Britse dorpstigting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Britse dorpstigting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Britse dorpstigting"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein,_from_the_South_-_c1900.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bloemfontein%2C_from_the_South_-_c1900.JPG/220px-Bloemfontein%2C_from_the_South_-_c1900.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bloemfontein%2C_from_the_South_-_c1900.JPG/330px-Bloemfontein%2C_from_the_South_-_c1900.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bloemfontein%2C_from_the_South_-_c1900.JPG/440px-Bloemfontein%2C_from_the_South_-_c1900.JPG 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>'n Foto van Kerkstraat, tans bekend as Oliver Tambo-weg, in Bloemfontein (omstreeks 1900). Agter is die <a href="/wiki/NG_gemeente_Bloemfontein" title="NG gemeente Bloemfontein">Tweetoringkerk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hill" title="Naval Hill">Naval Hill</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Alhoewel Bloemfontein later merendeels deur <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> bewoon is, is die nedersetting in 1846 deur 'n <a href="/wiki/Britse_Le%C3%ABr" title="Britse Leër">Britse Leër</a>-majoor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Douglas_Warden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Douglas Warden (bladsy bestaan nie)">Henry Douglas Warden</a>, as 'n Britse fort en buitepos in die Transoranje-streek gestig – 'n gebied met voldoende watervoorrade wat destyds deur !Orana (sogenoemde "Korana" van die ǀHõaǁʼaes, ǀHũdiǁʼaes, Einiǁʼaes en ander), <a href="/wiki/Kaapkolonie" title="Kaapkolonie">Kaapkolonietrekboere</a>, Griekwas (destyds "Basters" genoem), Basotho en <a href="/wiki/Rolong" title="Rolong">Rolong</a> bewoon is. Warden het die plek hoofsaaklik gekies weens die nabyheid tot die hoofroete na <a href="/wiki/Winburg" title="Winburg">Winburg</a>, die uitgestrekte oop terrein en die feit dat dit destyds vry van <a href="/wiki/Perdesiekte" title="Perdesiekte">perdesiekte</a> was. Brits het sy plaas vervolgens vir £37 10s aan majoor Warden verkoop.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die gebied rondom Bloemfontein is op 3 Februarie 1848 amptelik deur die Britse regering geannekseer en het vervolgens as die <a href="/wiki/Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit" title="Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit">Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit</a> (1848–1854) bekendgestaan, met Bloemfontein as administratiewe setel. Die dorp is in 1850 die eerste keer as 'n woongebied verklaar, vier jaar voor die stigting van die <a href="/wiki/Oranje-Vrystaat" title="Oranje-Vrystaat">Oranje-Vrystaat</a> (1854–1902) waarvan Bloemfontein die regeringsetel geword het. Die dorpsgebied is deur Andrew Hudson Bain opgemeet. Sy reghoekige uitleg het voorsiening gemaak vir lang strate wat parallel met die plaaslike rivier in noord-suidelike rigting geloop het en kort strate. Die nedersetting het geleidelik na terreine noord van die rivier uitgebrei. In 1851 het die bevolking op sowat 300 te staan gekom en daar was sowat sestig woonhuise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_kerkgemeentes_en_perswese"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_kerkgemeentes_en_perswese"></span>Vroeë kerkgemeentes en perswese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë kerkgemeentes en perswese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë kerkgemeentes en perswese"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Eerste Raadsaal is in 1849 in St Georgesstraat gebou waar dit aanvanklik as skoolgebou en vergadersaal gedien het, maar ook vir kerkdienste gebruik is. Die eerste <a href="/wiki/Nederduitse_Gereformeerde_Kerk" title="Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk">Nederduitse Gereformeerde gemeente</a> is reeds in 1848 gestig en kon in Mei 1852 hul nuwe kerkgebou, die bekende tweetoringkerk, in Kerkstraat inwy. In dié tyd het ook die eerste <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglikaanse_Kerk_van_Suider-Afrika" title="Anglikaanse Kerk van Suider-Afrika">Anglikaanse</a> en Metodistegemeentes in Bloemfontein ontstaan wat hul kerkdienste almal in die Eerste Raadsaal gehou het. Die Metodiste-predikant, wat in 1850 in Bloemfontein aangekom het, het ook kerkdienste vir die bruin en swart bevolking gehou, al moes hulle hiervoor in 'n meer beskeie gebou, 'n eenvoudige hut, vergader. Die eerste Rooms-Katolieke kerkgebou is in 1852 naby die regeringskantore in St Georgesstraat opgerig. Die eerste <a href="/wiki/Koerant" title="Koerant">dagblad</a>, <i>The Friend of the Sovereignty and Bloemfontein Gazette</i>, het op 10 Junie 1850 verskyn. "Die Volksblad", later <a href="/wiki/Volksblad" title="Volksblad">Volksblad</a>, uit die <a href="/wiki/Media24" title="Media24">Media24</a>-stal was die laaste oorblywende dagblad wat in Bloemfontein vervaardig en na die hele Vrystaat en <a href="/wiki/Noord-Kaap" title="Noord-Kaap">Noord-Kaap</a> versprei is. Dit is tans slegs aanlyn beskikbaar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koloniale_ekonomie_en_infrastruktuur">Koloniale ekonomie en infrastruktuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Koloniale ekonomie en infrastruktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Koloniale ekonomie en infrastruktuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Statue_de_Brand_%C3%A0_Bloemfontein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Statue_de_Brand_%C3%A0_Bloemfontein.jpg/170px-Statue_de_Brand_%C3%A0_Bloemfontein.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Statue_de_Brand_%C3%A0_Bloemfontein.jpg/255px-Statue_de_Brand_%C3%A0_Bloemfontein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Statue_de_Brand_%C3%A0_Bloemfontein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Standbeeld van <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brand" title="Jan Brand">Jan Brand</a> in Bloemfontein</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:3e_Raadszaal_OVS_VA0970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/3e_Raadszaal_OVS_VA0970.jpg/220px-3e_Raadszaal_OVS_VA0970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/3e_Raadszaal_OVS_VA0970.jpg/330px-3e_Raadszaal_OVS_VA0970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/3e_Raadszaal_OVS_VA0970.jpg/440px-3e_Raadszaal_OVS_VA0970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1526" /></a><figcaption>Derde Raadszaal van die Volksraad van die Oranje-Vrystaat, Bloemfontein, 1893, kort voordat dit deur die Vierde Raadsaal vervang is</figcaption></figure> <p>Terwyl die nedersetting aanhou groei het, is ook steeds meer besighede in Bloemfontein gevestig. In Junie 1850 is die eerste munisipale amptenaar benoem. Nogtans het die dorp in dié tyd nog geen volle munisipale status gehad nie en was die <a href="/wiki/Infrastruktuur" title="Infrastruktuur">infrastruktuur</a> maar gebrekkig. 'n Beperkte posdiens tussen Bloemfontein en <a href="/wiki/Colesberg" title="Colesberg">Colesberg</a> is reeds in 1846 deur majoor Warden gevestig, en kort daarna het ander posroetes gevolg. </p><p>Die eerste amptelike <a href="/wiki/Poskantoor" title="Poskantoor">poskantoor</a> is in 1875 in die Ou Parlementsgebou op Markplein ingerig. Toe dit te klein geraak het, is dit deur 'n groter gebou op dieselfde plek vervang. Die gebou troon steeds sedert sy opening op 22 Junie 1892 oor Hoffmanplein in die sentrale stad. </p><p>Die vervoer van goedere was 'n ander belangrike vraagstuk. Bloemfontein was in die 1850's nog 'n taamlik afgeleë nedersetting in Suid-Afrika. Aanvanklik kon boumateriale, <a href="/wiki/Klere" title="Klere">klere</a>, huishoudelike goedere en meubels slegs in beperkte hoeveelhede met ossewaens vanuit <a href="/wiki/Gqeberha" title="Gqeberha">Port Elizabeth</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oos-Londen" title="Oos-Londen">Oos-Londen</a> se <a href="/wiki/Hawe" title="Hawe">seehawens</a> na Bloemfontein vervoer word. Goedere wat nie plaaslik vervaardig kon word nie, was gevolglik skaars en duur. </p><p>Die Britse bewind was in die beginjare allesbehalwe gevestig en verhoudinge tussen die verskillende bevolkingsgroepe gespanne. So is majoor Warden ontslaan en op 23 Julie 1852 deur Henry Green vervang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oranje-Vrystaat">Oranje-Vrystaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Oranje-Vrystaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Oranje-Vrystaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Oranje-Vrystaat" title="Oranje-Vrystaat">Oranje-Vrystaat</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein_City_Hall_Vil001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bloemfontein_City_Hall_Vil001.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein_City_Hall_Vil001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bloemfontein_City_Hall_Vil001.jpg/330px-Bloemfontein_City_Hall_Vil001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bloemfontein_City_Hall_Vil001.jpg/440px-Bloemfontein_City_Hall_Vil001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Die oostelike kantooringang tot <a href="/wiki/Stadhuis_van_Bloemfontein" title="Stadhuis van Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein se stadsaal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tweetoringkerk,_Bloemfontein,_4_Januarie_2018,_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/6/6a/Tweetoringkerk%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_4_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg/220px-Tweetoringkerk%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_4_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/6/6a/Tweetoringkerk%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_4_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg/330px-Tweetoringkerk%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_4_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/6/6a/Tweetoringkerk%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_4_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg/440px-Tweetoringkerk%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_4_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3725" data-file-height="2598" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/NG_gemeente_Bloemfontein" title="NG gemeente Bloemfontein">Tweetoringkerk</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg/220px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg/330px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg/440px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Bloemfontein se <a href="/wiki/Konsentrasiekamp" title="Konsentrasiekamp">Konsentrasiekamp</a> tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Vryheidsoorlog" title="Tweede Vryheidsoorlog">Tweede Vryheidsoorlog</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Die_Vierde_Raadsaal,_President_Brand_Street,_Bloemfontein,_Free_State,_South-Africa..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Die_Vierde_Raadsaal%2C_President_Brand_Street%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South-Africa..jpg/220px-Die_Vierde_Raadsaal%2C_President_Brand_Street%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South-Africa..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Die_Vierde_Raadsaal%2C_President_Brand_Street%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South-Africa..jpg/330px-Die_Vierde_Raadsaal%2C_President_Brand_Street%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South-Africa..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Die_Vierde_Raadsaal%2C_President_Brand_Street%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South-Africa..jpg/440px-Die_Vierde_Raadsaal%2C_President_Brand_Street%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South-Africa..jpg 2x" data-file-width="4422" data-file-height="3113" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vierde_Raadsaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vierde Raadsaal (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vierde Raadsaal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:9_2_302_0007-Old_Presidency-Bloemfontein-s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/9_2_302_0007-Old_Presidency-Bloemfontein-s.jpg/220px-9_2_302_0007-Old_Presidency-Bloemfontein-s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/9_2_302_0007-Old_Presidency-Bloemfontein-s.jpg/330px-9_2_302_0007-Old_Presidency-Bloemfontein-s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/9_2_302_0007-Old_Presidency-Bloemfontein-s.jpg/440px-9_2_302_0007-Old_Presidency-Bloemfontein-s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1457" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ou_Presidensie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ou Presidensie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ou Presidensie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nòg die Britse Koloniale Kantoor te <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> nòg die meerderheid <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlandssprekende</a> bewoners van die Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit was werklik tevrede met die politieke situasie in die kolonie, en so het die Britte besluit om hulle aan die gebied te onttrek. Op 30 Januarie 1854 is die Republiek van die Oranje-Vrystaat gestig en Bloemfontein tot sy hoofstad verklaar. Die <a href="/wiki/Boererepubliek" title="Boererepubliek">Boererepubliek</a> Oranje-Vrystaat se gebied het gestrek tussen die <a href="/wiki/Oranjerivier" title="Oranjerivier">Oranje-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vaalrivier" title="Vaalrivier">Vaalriviere</a> en sy grense is in 1848 bepaal deur die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk_van_Groot-Brittanje_en_Ierland" title="Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland">Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland</a>, toe die Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit gestig is met 'n Britse <a href="/wiki/Resident" title="Resident">resident</a> in Bloemfontein. </p><p>As die hoofstad van die Oranje-Vrystaat het die groei en vestiging van die republiek ook Bloemfontein se ontwikkeling aangewakker. Die stad het talle openbare geboue opgerig wat tot vandag toe gebruik word, vergemaklik deur die republiek se bestuur en vergoeding deur die Britte vir die verlies van die <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamantryke</a> <a href="/wiki/Griekwaland-Wes" title="Griekwaland-Wes">Griekwaland-gebied</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die ou Oranje-Vrystaat-presidentswoning, die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ou_Presidensie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ou Presidensie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ou Presidensie</a>, is vandag 'n museum en kultuurruimte in die stad. </p><p>Nuwe administratiewe strukture is in 1859 in die dorp gevestig en in 1880 het Bloemfontein munisipale status verwerf. Robert Innes is as die eerste burgemeester verkies, terwyl die destydse bevolking op 2 567 beraam is. Bloemfonteiners kon ekonomiese voordeel trek uit die opening van die <a href="/wiki/Kimberley" title="Kimberley">Kimberley</a>-diamantveld in die 1860's as verblyfplek vir delwers uit ander landsdele op hul pad na die Noord-Kaap. Die verskaffing van dienste aan diamantdelwers was die eerste stap in Bloemfontein se 19de-eeuse ekonomiese groeifase. </p><p>Later het 'n aantal finansiële en handelsondernemings hulle hoofkwartiere hier gevestig. Bloemfontein het daarna tot 'n belangrike vervoerspilpunt ontwikkel, veral nadat die spoorwegverbinding tussen <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> en <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, wat destyds in aanbou was, in 1890 tot by Bloemfontein gevorder het. Die spoorlyn het die stad van 'n sentraal geleë spoorwegstasie voorsien en dit was vir die Britte van kritieke belang in die latere besetting van die stad. </p><p>Die skrywer <a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a> is op 3 Januarie 1892 in Bloemfontein gebore. Sy familie het die Oranje-Vrystaat egter verlaat nadat sy vader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Tolkien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Tolkien (bladsy bestaan nie)">Arthur Tolkien</a>, oorlede is toe Tolkien drie jaar oud was (in 1895).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy het aangeteken dat sy vroegste herinneringe aan "'n warm land" was.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1899 is die Bloemfontein-konferensie gehou wat gepoog het om die uitbreek van die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Vryheidsoorlog" title="Tweede Vryheidsoorlog">Anglo-Boereoorlog</a> te vermy. Deel van die onderhandelinge was die ontmoeting tussen die president van die <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a> (ZAR), <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kruger" title="Paul Kruger">Paul Kruger</a>, en Sir <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner" title="Alfred Milner">Alfred Milner</a>. Dié twee staatsmanne is deur die staatshoof van die Oranje-Vrystaat, president <a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Theunis_Steyn" title="Marthinus Theunis Steyn">Steyn</a>, na Bloemfontein genooi om die dreigende militêre konflik tussen die ZAR en die Britse Ryk af te weer. Dit het egter misluk en oorlog het op 11 Oktober 1899 uitgebreek. </p><p>Op 13 Maart 1900, ná die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Paardeberg" title="Slag van Paardeberg">Slag van Paardeberg</a>, het Britse magte die stad oorgeneem en 'n <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_konsentrasiekampe" title="Suid-Afrikaanse konsentrasiekampe">konsentrasiekamp</a> naby gebou om <a href="/wiki/Boere" title="Boere">Boerevroue</a> en -kinders aan te hou. In 1913 is die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Vrouemonument" title="Nasionale Vrouemonument">Nasionale Vrouemonument</a> opgerig aan die buitewyke van die stad ter herdenking van al die Boereburgerlikes wat tydens die oorlog in die konsentrasiekampe gesterf het.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die heuwel in die stad is <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hill" title="Naval Hill">Naval Hill</a> genoem na die vlootkanonne wat die Britte ingebring het om die posisie teen aanvalle te versterk.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bloemfontein_in_die_Unie_van_Suid-Afrika">Bloemfontein in die Unie van Suid-Afrika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Bloemfontein in die Unie van Suid-Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bloemfontein in die Unie van Suid-Afrika"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Unie_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Unie van Suid-Afrika">Unie van Suid-Afrika</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Afskeid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Afskeid.jpg/220px-Afskeid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Afskeid.jpg/330px-Afskeid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Afskeid.jpg/440px-Afskeid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Die Afskeidmonument by die Suid-Afrikaanse Oorlogmuseum (voor 30 November 2015 bekend as Oorlogsmuseum) versinnebeeld die begin van die Suid-Afrikaanse Oorlog (voor 30 November 2015 bekend as Tweede Vryheidsoorlog of Anglo-Boereoorlog)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein_Women%27s_Memorial_Vil004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bloemfontein_Women%27s_Memorial_Vil004.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein_Women%27s_Memorial_Vil004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bloemfontein_Women%27s_Memorial_Vil004.jpg/330px-Bloemfontein_Women%27s_Memorial_Vil004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bloemfontein_Women%27s_Memorial_Vil004.jpg/440px-Bloemfontein_Women%27s_Memorial_Vil004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2158" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Vrouemonument" title="Nasionale Vrouemonument">Nasionale Vrouemonument</a> is op 16 Desember 1913 onthul ter gedagtenis aan 26 370 Afrikanervroue en -kinders wat gedurende die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog (of Anglo-Boereoorlog) gesterf het. Die monument is gebou met blokke gesny uit Kroonstad-sandsteen</figcaption></figure> <p>Op 31 Mei 1910, presies agt jaar nadat die Boere die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Vereeniging" title="Verdrag van Vereeniging">Verdrag van Vereeniging</a> onderteken het om die Anglo-Boereoorlog tussen die <a href="/wiki/Britse_Ryk" title="Britse Ryk">Britse Ryk</a> en die twee Boererepublieke (die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek en die Oranje-Vrystaat) te beëindig, is die Unie van Suid-Afrika gestig.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weens onenigheid oor die ligging van die unie se hoofstad is 'n kompromie bereik waarvolgens Bloemfontein die setel geword het van die <a href="/wiki/Hoogste_Hof_van_App%C3%A8l,_Suid-Afrika" title="Hoogste Hof van Appèl, Suid-Afrika">Hoogste Hof van Appèl</a> en dit het dus die unie se regterlike hoofstad geword.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloemfontein het ook 'n finansiële vergoeding ontvang.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloemfontein, wat in die sentrum van die nuutgestigte staat geleë was, het destyds nie oor 'n noemenswaardige nywerheidsbasis beskik nie, maar het nogtans danksy enkele belangrike onderwysinstellings 'n nasionale rol as opvoedkundige sentrum gespeel. </p><p>Op 8 Januarie 1912 het swart afgevaardigdes van dwarsoor Suid-Afrika in Bloemfontein vergader om die voorloperorganisasie van die <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC), die Native National Congress (NNC), in die lewe te roep. Die Unie van Suid-Afrika het nie burgerregte aan swart Suid-Afrikaners toegestaan nie, wat aanleiding gegee het tot die organisasie se stigting. Sy hoofdoel was om te veg vir gelyke regte van swart Suid-Afrikaners.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tydens die implementering van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paswette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paswette (bladsy bestaan nie)">paswette</a> het die stad groot betogings gesien wat Suid-Afrikaanse owerhede gedwing het om vroue vir byna vier dekades van dié wette vry te stel.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die afkondiging van die Naturelle-grondwet – die eerste in 'n reeks vroeë <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheidswette</a> wat grondbesit deur swart Suid-Afrikaners beperk het – in die wit Suid-Afrikaanse parlement is daardeur verhinder. </p><p>Ná <a href="/wiki/Barry_Hertzog" title="Barry Hertzog">Barry Hertzog</a> se uittrede uit die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Party" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Party">Suid-Afrikaanse Party</a> in 1913 het hy van 1 tot 9 Januarie 1914 met sy ondersteuners in Bloemfontein vergader om die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Party" title="Nasionale Party">Nasionale Party</a> te stig en dié party se beginsels neer te lê.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Nasionale Party het gegroei en in 1948 die Suid-Afrikaanse regering oorgeneem en die beleid van rasseskeiding geïmplementeer, bekend as <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>. </p><p>In 1945 het Bloemfontein stadstatus verwerf en op 18 Maart 1950 is die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_die_Vrystaat" title="Universiteit van die Vrystaat">Universiteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat</a> in die stad gevestig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartheidsera">Apartheidsera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Apartheidsera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Apartheidsera"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <p>Die segregasie van woonbuurte in Bloemfontein het in die 19de eeu reeds begin met die aanvaarding van Ordinansie 1 van 1860. Daarvolgens mag geen "nieblanke" sonder geskrewe toestemming van die eienaar (Britse regering) bly op grond in dorpe waar plaaslike munisipaliteite nog nie bestaan het nie. Op 3 Junie 1861 het die raad die volgende drie terreine in Bloemfontein aangewys: Die swart bevolking moes na die gebied regs van die buurt bekend as Kaffirfontein trek, bruin mense na die Waaihoek- swart buurt aan die oostelike buitewyke van die stad. Die inwoners van dié gebiede moes "hutbelasting" betaal, sowel as belasting op weiregte.<sup id="cite_ref-bloemfontein1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloemfontein1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit het die fondament gelê vir die toepassing van woonbuurtsegregasie soos gevisualiseer deur die argitekte van apartheid, wat in 1948 in werking getree het. </p><p>Toe die Nasionale Party die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_algemene_verkiesing_van_1948" title="Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 1948">algemene verkiesing van 1948</a> gewen het, het hulle die apartheidsbeleid begin implementeer. Dié beleid was gebaseer op afsonderlike ontwikkeling vir etniese groepe en rasseskeiding is afgedwing. Toe die regering die <a href="/wiki/Groepsgebiedewet" title="Groepsgebiedewet">Groepsgebiedewet</a> van 1950 uitvaardig, het die Bloemfonteinse munisipaliteit veranderings in werking gestel in die rasse-opset van die stad. Die munisipaliteit het die Cape Stands-woongebied afgebreek waar die stad se bruin bevolking gewoon het en het die inwoners na <a href="/wiki/Heidedal" title="Heidedal">Heidedal</a> geskuif. Omdat bruin en swart so naby aan mekaar gewoon het, het gemengde huwelike algemeen voorgekom, en dit het gelei tot 'n gedeeltelik gemengde bevolking in Heidedal en Mangaung. In 1952 het Bloemfontein nuwe woongebiede vir die swart bevolking begin bou. Nuwe woongebiede is gestig om 'n skeiding te tref tussen die rassegroepe, soos die <a href="/wiki/Basoeto" class="mw-redirect" title="Basoeto">Basoeto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xhosas" title="Xhosas">Xhosas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tswanas" title="Tswanas">Tswanas</a>. Die gebiede was saam bekend as Mangaung.<sup id="cite_ref-bloemfontein1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloemfontein1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phahameng, 'n Suid-Sotho-township, was in 1956 die eerste formele behuisingsprojek wat deur die munisipaliteit goedgekeur is. Fisieke buffers soos die spoorlyn en paaie tussenin is gebruik om die swart etniese groepe, die wit mense en die bruine mense van mekaar te skei. Tussen 1952 en 1968 is 11 000 huise, waarvan sowat 6 000 deur die regering geboude huurhuise, in Mangaung gebou.<sup id="cite_ref-bloemfotein2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloemfotein2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968 het Mangaung 'n ernstige tekort aan huise gehad, met sowat 3 000 tot 6 000 eenhede wat benodig is. Om die probleem op te los is in 1979 'n uitbreiding, <a href="/wiki/Botshabelo" title="Botshabelo">Botshabelo</a>, van 55 km na oos bygevoeg. Die Bloemfonteinse munisipaliteit het alle swart verstedeliking na <a href="/wiki/Thaba_Nchu" title="Thaba Nchu">Thaba Nchu</a> en Botshabelo gekanaliseer. Dié is ontwikkel as 'n bron van goedkoop arbeid vir die stad. 'n Gesubsidieerde busdiens is ingestel en Botshabelo is tot 'n desentralisasiepunt verklaar wat beteken dit is aangewys as 'n nywerheidsontwikkelingspunt om die afstand tussen die werkplek en die woonplek te verminder. In 1988 het sowat 14 500 mense elke dag tussen Botshabelo en Bloemfontein gependel. Dit het beteken dat 55% van Botshabelo se arbeidsmag buite die stad werksaam was.<sup id="cite_ref-bloemfotein3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloemfotein3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sedert_1994">Sedert 1994</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Sedert 1994" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Sedert 1994"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994, ná apartheid, het Bloemfontein, Botshabelo en Thaba Nchu deel van die <a href="/wiki/Motheo-distriksmunisipaliteit" title="Motheo-distriksmunisipaliteit">Motheo-distriksmunisipaliteit</a> geword. Op 18 Mei 2011 is dié munisipaliteit ontbind en Mangaung is opgradeer tot 'n metropolitaanse munisipaliteit met Bloemfontein as hoofsetel. Tot in 1994 was die stad Suid-Afrika se alleenlike regterlike hoofstad. Dit bly die setel van die <a href="/wiki/Hoogste_Hof_van_App%C3%A8l,_Suid-Afrika" title="Hoogste Hof van Appèl, Suid-Afrika">Hoogste Hof van Appèl</a> (voorheen die Appèlafdeling van die Hooggeregshof). Die stad is ook 'n administratiewe sentrum met baie privaat hospitale en opvoedkundige instellings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regering">Regering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Regering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Regering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Legislative_chamber,_Free_State_parliament_(6461110525).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Legislative_chamber%2C_Free_State_parliament_%286461110525%29.jpg/220px-Legislative_chamber%2C_Free_State_parliament_%286461110525%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Legislative_chamber%2C_Free_State_parliament_%286461110525%29.jpg/330px-Legislative_chamber%2C_Free_State_parliament_%286461110525%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Legislative_chamber%2C_Free_State_parliament_%286461110525%29.jpg/440px-Legislative_chamber%2C_Free_State_parliament_%286461110525%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Vergadersaal van die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaatse_provinsiale_wetgewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrystaatse provinsiale wetgewer">Vrystaatse provinsiale wetgewer</a> in die Vierde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raadsaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raadsaal (bladsy bestaan nie)">Raadsaal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Die Vrystaatse Provinsiale Regeringsgebou in Bloemfontein huisves ook die setel van die Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit wat in 2011 van 'n plaaslike munisipaliteit opgegradeer is. Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vierde_Raadsaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vierde Raadsaal (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vierde Raadsaal</a> huisves die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaatse_provinsiale_wetgewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrystaatse provinsiale wetgewer">Vrystaatse provinsiale wetgewer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedert die stigting van die Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit in 2000 het die <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> elke verkiesing gewen en is die regeringsparty in die munisipaliteit, hoewel hul aantal stemme met elke verkiesing afgeneem het. Sedert 26 April 2023 dien <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Nthatisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Nthatisi (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gregory Nthatisi</a> as die uitvoerende burgemeester van die Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit en daarmee van Bloemfontein. </p><p>Die Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit verkies 'n munisipale raad vir 'n tydperk van vyf jaar deur middel van 'n gemengde-lede-proporsionele-verteenwoordiging-stelsel (MMP) waarin wyke individuele raadslede kies saam met diegene wat uit partylyste benoem word. Kiesers het twee stemme: een vir 'n verteenwoordiger om 'n wyksraadslid te word en die ander vir 'n politieke party. Laasgenoemde stem verdeel setels in die munisipale raad onder partye, terwyl eersgenoemde stem setels onder die individuele verteenwoordigers verdeel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie_en_klimaat">Geografie en klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie en klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie en klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein_in_Bloemfontein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bloemfontein_in_Bloemfontein.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein_in_Bloemfontein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bloemfontein_in_Bloemfontein.jpg/330px-Bloemfontein_in_Bloemfontein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bloemfontein_in_Bloemfontein.jpg/440px-Bloemfontein_in_Bloemfontein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Die Bloemfontein in Bloemfontein</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein_dust_storm.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bloemfontein_dust_storm.JPG/220px-Bloemfontein_dust_storm.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bloemfontein_dust_storm.JPG/330px-Bloemfontein_dust_storm.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bloemfontein_dust_storm.JPG/440px-Bloemfontein_dust_storm.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>'n Stofstorm omhul Bloemfontein</figcaption></figure> <p>Bloemfontein is geleë by 29 grade suiderlengte en 26 grade oosterbreedte in Sentraal-Suid-Afrika aan die suidelike rand van die <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABveld" title="Hoëveld">Hoëveld</a> op 'n hoogte van 1 400 m bo seevlak. Dit grens aan die halfdorre streek van die <a href="/wiki/Karoo" title="Karoo">Karoo</a>. Die gebied is oor die algemeen plat met koppies hier en daar, en die algemene plantegroei is Hoëveldse grasland. </p><p>Bloemfontein het 'n koue halfdroë klimaat (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-klimaatklassifikasie" title="Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie">Köppen</a> BSk), met warm <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somerdae</a> en koue, droë <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winters</a>. Bloemfontein ontvang gemiddeld 559 mm <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">reën</a> per jaar, gewoonlik in die somermaande, dikwels as sterk, maar kortstondige middag-/aanddonderstorms wat 'n tydelike verligting van die hitte is. Die stad is droog en stowwerig in die winter met ysige nagte en meestal ligte, sonnige dae. <a href="/wiki/Ryp" title="Ryp">Ryp</a> is baie algemeen, terwyl <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">sneeu</a> skaars is. Sneeuval is in Augustus 2006 aangemeld en weer op 26 Julie 2007 by die lughawe. So onlangs as Augustus 2020 en Julie 2021 het baie ligte sneeu oor die stad geval met ietwat swaarder sneeuval op 4 Junie 2024. Boonop sorg die stad se hooglandhoogte vir buitengewone daaglikse temperature van ongeveer 15–20 °C. Gemiddelde dagtemperature wissel van 16 °C in Junie tot 32 °C in Januarie. Die omgewing is die koudste in Julie wanneer die <a href="/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik">kwik</a> in die loop van 'n winternag gemiddeld tot -2 °C daal. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Weergegewens vir Bloemfontein (1991−2020)</span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="Januarie" style="width:3em">Jan </th> <th title="Februarie" style="width:3em">Feb </th> <th title="Maart" style="width:3em">Mar </th> <th title="April" style="width:3em">Apr </th> <th title="Mei" style="width:3em">Mei </th> <th title="Junie" style="width:3em">Jun </th> <th title="Julie" style="width:3em">Jul </th> <th title="Augustus" style="width:3em">Aug </th> <th title="September" style="width:3em">Sep </th> <th title="Oktober" style="width:3em">Okt </th> <th title="November" style="width:3em">Nov </th> <th title="Desember" style="width:3em">Des </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee; white-space:nowrap;">Hoogste maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">39,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">38,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">33,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">29,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">33,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">36,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">37,7 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">39,3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">30,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">29,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">27,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">27,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">30,5 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">25,2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde temperatuur (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,2 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">16,2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−2,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,8 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">7,2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Laagste minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−2,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−8,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−9,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−9,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−9,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #80FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−6,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−2,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−0,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,3 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">−9,7 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Neerslag (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #3C50FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">91,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">83,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">77,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">43,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">45,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">64,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">71,3 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">535,2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Sonskynure (<a href="/wiki/Uur" title="Uur">u</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>9,1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Reëndae (<a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #B4C8FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #B4C8FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>54,4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Humiditeit" title="Humiditeit">Humiditeit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persentasie" title="Persentasie">%</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">62 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">64 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">66 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">62 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">62 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">57 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">46 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">52 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">52 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>56,5 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"><i>Bron: NOAA (humiditeit 1961–1990),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suid-Afrikaanse_Weerdiens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Weerdiens (bladsy bestaan nie)">Suid-Afrikaanse Weerdiens</a> (neerslag)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur">Kultuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kultuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kultureel is die stad toonaangewend. Skeppende werk op die gebied van uitvoerende kuns, beeldende kuns, letterkunde en skilderkuns word gedoen. Die stad is sentrum vir die Vrystaat Kunswedstrydvereniging. </p><p>Teaters: <a href="/wiki/Sand_du_Plessis-teater" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand du Plessis-teater">Sand du Plessis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sterrewagteater" title="Sterrewagteater">Sterrewag</a>; Wynand Mouton; Scaena; Odeion; André Huguenot; <a href="/wiki/Bloemfonteinse_Stadskouburg" title="Bloemfonteinse Stadskouburg">Stadskouburg</a>. Die Sand du Plessis-teater is een van die grootste en mees moderne in die <a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Halfrond" title="Suidelike Halfrond">Suidelike Halfrond</a> met 'n kapasiteit van ongeveer 1 000. Die teater huisves ook die Vrystaatse Simfonieorkes (VSSO). </p><p>Museums: Nasionale Museum; Suid-Afrikaanse Oorlogsmuseum (voor 30 November 2015 bekend as Oorlogsmuseum); Freshford; <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Afrikaanse_Letterkundige_Museum_en_Navorsingsentrum" title="Nasionale Afrikaanse Letterkundige Museum en Navorsingsentrum">Nasionale Afrikaanse Letterkundige Museum en Navorsingsentrum</a> (NALN); <a href="/wiki/Oliewenhuis" title="Oliewenhuis">Oliewenhuis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Vrouemonument" title="Nasionale Vrouemonument">Nasionale Vrouemonument</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosefees">Rosefees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Rosefees" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Rosefees"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Loch_Logan_Waterfront,_Bloemfontein,_Free_State,_South_Africa_(19915335154).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Loch_Logan_Waterfront%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2819915335154%29.jpg/220px-Loch_Logan_Waterfront%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2819915335154%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Loch_Logan_Waterfront%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2819915335154%29.jpg/330px-Loch_Logan_Waterfront%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2819915335154%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Loch_Logan_Waterfront%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2819915335154%29.jpg/440px-Loch_Logan_Waterfront%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2819915335154%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Die Loch Logan-waterfront, waar die grootste deel van die Rosefees plaasgevind het</figcaption></figure> <p>Bloemfontein, die Rosestad, het jaarliks in Oktober 'n Rosefees gehou. In hierdie koel maand blom <a href="/wiki/Roos" title="Roos">rose</a> in die Vrystaat op hulle beste.<sup id="cite_ref-showme.co.za_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-showme.co.za-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die meeste bedrywighede het by die Loch Logan-waterfront in die stad plaasgevind.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-internext.co.za_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internext.co.za-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die fees het roosliefhebbers van die hele Suid-Afrika en wêreldwyd met 'n groot tentoonstelling van rose en ander plaaslike gebeure gelok.<sup id="cite_ref-sa-venues.com_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa-venues.com-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die fees het van Bloemfontein 'n gewilde jaarlikse bymekaarkomplek vir duisende mense gemaak.<sup id="cite_ref-sleeping-out.co.za_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sleeping-out.co.za-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die eerste Rosefees het in 1976 plaasgevind, toe stadraadslede besluit het 'n Rosefees sal geskik wees vir die Rosestad. In 1976 het die feesgebeure oor 'n paar dae plaasgevind en bedrywighede in die Sanlam-plaza ingesluit wat met rose verband hou. Die fees het daarna aansienlik uitgebrei.<sup id="cite_ref-internext.co.za_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internext.co.za-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hortologie" title="Hortologie">Tuinmakers</a> is genooi om deel te neem aan kompetisies wat gefokus het op die ontwerp en verbetering van tuine in die stad. Inwoners het ook hulle tuine vir die algemene publiek oopgestel.<sup id="cite_ref-sleeping-out.co.za_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sleeping-out.co.za-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die meeste festiwiteite het plaasgevind by die Loch Logan-waterfront, die grootste <a href="/wiki/Winkelsentrum" title="Winkelsentrum">winkelsentrum</a> in Sentraal-Suid-Afrika. Dit strek oor sowat 80 000 m² en bied inkopies, vermaak, sport en kultuur in Bloemfontein.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die waterfront het blomme vertoon van plaaslike kwekerye asook die amptelike munisipale vertoning deur die parkdepartment wat die Mangaung Munisipaliteit georganiseer.<sup id="cite_ref-sa-venues.com_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa-venues.com-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sleeping-out.co.za_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sleeping-out.co.za-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Vrystaatse Roosvereniging se roossnykompetisie met sowat 700 deelnemers jaarliks is ook by die waterfront beslis, saam met die Mej. Volksblad Roosknoppie-kompetisie vir meisies tussen drie en vier jaar oud, georganiseer in samewerking met die <a href="/wiki/Volksblad" title="Volksblad">Volksblad</a>-koerant.<sup id="cite_ref-showme.co.za_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-showme.co.za-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verder is 'n Mej. Bloemfontein Roos-kompetisie gehou. </p><p>Die Roosoggend Hoogtee is gewoonlik aangebied by die Urth-tuinsentrum waar tee en lekkernye bedien is. Die Urth-tuinsentrum is 'n klein- en groothandel kwekery geleë by Kenneth Kaunda-straat in Bloemfontein.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die kroning van die koning en koningin van die rose het in die jaar van die benoeming plaasgevind.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Mangaung Rose Klassieke Fietstoer was 'n padwedren wat tydens die jaarlikse fees beslis is. Dié geleentheid is organiseer deur AfriCycle Tours en die datums is jaarliks aangekondig. Die wedren het weggespring by die Urth en die wedrenafstande in 22 km, 56 km en 106 km ingesluit.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Kom ons Groen Bloem-uitstalling was ook deel van die Rosefees en het "groen" en plaaslike organiese besighede die geleentheid gebied om hul besighede te bevorder.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit het die tentoonstelling van verskillende produkte en dienste ingesluit wat 'n groen omgewing ondersteun, soos <a href="/wiki/Sonkrag" title="Sonkrag">sonkrag</a>, gryswaterstelsels, groentetonnels, JoJo-tenkstelsels, ens.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein-Eiffel_Tower-001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bloemfontein-Eiffel_Tower-001.JPG/170px-Bloemfontein-Eiffel_Tower-001.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bloemfontein-Eiffel_Tower-001.JPG/255px-Bloemfontein-Eiffel_Tower-001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bloemfontein-Eiffel_Tower-001.JPG/340px-Bloemfontein-Eiffel_Tower-001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption>'n <a href="/wiki/Eiffeltoring" title="Eiffeltoring">Eiffeltoringreplika</a> in 'n nywerheidsgebied naby Batho</figcaption></figure> <p>Volgens die 2011-sensus het die stad 'n bevolking van 556 000 gehad (meer as 'n verdubbeling sedert 111 697 in 2001), van wie 56% <a href="/wiki/Swart_mense" title="Swart mense">swart mense</a> en 30% <a href="/wiki/Wit_mense" title="Wit mense">wit mense</a> was. Die res was 12,8% <a href="/wiki/Bruin_mense" title="Bruin mense">bruin mense</a> en 0,8% <a href="/wiki/Asiatiese_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Asiatiese Suid-Afrikaners">Asiate</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> is die belangrikste huistaal in die stad wat deur 43 persent van sy bewoners gebesig word. Die ander groot huistaal is <a href="/wiki/Suid-Sotho" title="Suid-Sotho">Suid-Sotho</a> (33 persent). </p><p>Soos orals in Suid-Afrika bevat Bloemfontein <a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">townships</a> van die apartheidsera. Manguang is die elfde en Botshabelo die 13de grootste in Suid-Afrika en die grootstes in die Vrystaat.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jaar</th> <th>Totaal</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bruin_mense" title="Bruin mense">Bruines</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Swart_mense" title="Swart mense">Swartes</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wit_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Wit Suid-Afrikaners">Wittes</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Asiatiese_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Asiatiese Suid-Afrikaners">Asiërs</a></th> <th>Nie gespesifiseer </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001</b><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>111 697</td> <td>12 025</td> <td>26 274</td> <td>72 619</td> <td>780</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2011</b><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>256 185</td> <td>32 827</td> <td>143 736</td> <td>76 325</td> <td>2 100</td> <td>1 196 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joodse_gemeenskap">Joodse gemeenskap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Joodse gemeenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Joodse gemeenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Jode_in_Suid-Afrika" title="Jode in Suid-Afrika">Jode in Suid-Afrika</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wolf_Ehrlich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/3/38/Wolf_Ehrlich.jpg/170px-Wolf_Ehrlich.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/3/38/Wolf_Ehrlich.jpg/255px-Wolf_Ehrlich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/3/38/Wolf_Ehrlich.jpg/340px-Wolf_Ehrlich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolf_Ehrlich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolf Ehrlich (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wolf Ehrlich</a> was van 1906 tot ’07 Bloemfontein se eerste Joodse burgemeester en in 1912 die eerste president van die Suid-Afrikaanse Joodse Raad van Afgevaardigdes</figcaption></figure> <p>Joodse families het ’n belangrike rol in die totstandkoming en ontwikkeling van die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaat" title="Vrystaat">Vrystaatse</a> hoofstad gespeel. Isaac Baumann van Hesse-Cassel (1813–1881), een van die eerste nedersetters wat in 1848 grond in die nuwe dorpsgebied gekoop het, het die eerste winkel opgerig. Die vroegste Groot Versoendag- (<a href="/wiki/Jom_Kippoer" title="Jom Kippoer">Jom Kippoer</a>) dienste is in 1871 in sy huis gehou. In 1873 is huwelike ingevolge Joodse gebruike in die Oranje-Vrystaat gewettig. ’n <a href="/wiki/Hebreeus" title="Hebreeus">Hebreeuse</a> gemeente is in 1876 gestig en ’n <a href="/wiki/Sinagoge" title="Sinagoge">sinagoge</a> in 1903 opgerig. Die eerste president (1902–’24) daarvan was Wolf Ehrlich. Namate die Oos-Europese element toegeneem het, het die gemeenskapsleierskap geleidelik na hulle toe oorgegaan. Hierin het Jacob Philips en Henry Bradlow ’n belangrike rol gespeel. </p><p>Jode het ’n aktiewe aandeel aan munisipale aangeleenthede gehad. Baumann was die tweede voorsitter van Bloemfontein se munisipale raad, die voorloper van die dorpsraad. Sy seun Gustav was die eerste landmeter-generaal van die Oranje-Vrystaat. Moritz Leviseur, wat deelgeneem het aan die Basoeto-oorlog (1865–’66), het die dorp se eerste hospitaal help stig en ook die Nasionale Museum. Sy vrou, Sophie, het Ouma Looks Back geskryf, herinnerings aan die vroeë dae, en het bekend geword as die “Grand Old Lady of Bloemfontein”. </p><p>Wolf Ehrlich, ’n vriend van die Boeregeneraal en latere eerste minister <a href="/wiki/Barry_Hertzog" title="Barry Hertzog">J.B.M. Hertzog</a>, het as senator in die Suid-Afrikaanse parlement gedien. Bloemfontein het drie Joodse burgemeesters gehad: Ehrlich (1906–’07 en 1911–’12), Ivan Haarburger (1912–’14) en Sol Harris (1929). </p><p>Die gemeenskap het ’n goed ontwikkelde netwerk instellings gehad, waaronder ’n doelmatige gemeenskapsentrum vir kultuur- en opvoedingsaktiwiteite. In 1965 is ’n groot nuwe sinagoge gebou. In 1956 het die Hebreeuse gemeente, Chevra Kaddisha, talmoed tora, en liefdadigheidsinstellings saamgespan om die Verenigde Hebreeuse Instellings van Bloemfontein te vorm. </p><p>Daar was ook onder meer ’n OVS- provinsiale komitee van de Suid-Afrikaanse Joodse Raad van Afgevaardigdes en die OVS- en Noord-Kaapse Sionistiese Raad. Ook het die stad ’n klein Hervormde groep gehad. In 1967 het die Joodse gemeente 1 347 getel uit ’n totale bevolking van 119 000. Daarna het die gemeenskap, soos almal landwyd buiten in Johannesburg, Kaapstad en Durban, geleidelik gekwyn. In 1997 is die sinagoge verkoop en het die gemeenskap oorgetrek na die nou ontbinde Hervormde gemeente se tuiste. Teen 2004 het net 180 Jode in Bloemfontein oorgebly.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Woonbuurte">Woonbuurte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Woonbuurte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Woonbuurte"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hamilton,_Bloemfontein.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hamilton%2C_Bloemfontein.JPG/220px-Hamilton%2C_Bloemfontein.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hamilton%2C_Bloemfontein.JPG/330px-Hamilton%2C_Bloemfontein.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hamilton%2C_Bloemfontein.JPG/440px-Hamilton%2C_Bloemfontein.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>'n Uitsig oor die Hamilton-nywerheidsgebied in Bloemfontein</figcaption></figure> <p>Bloemfontein se woonbuurte sluit in <a href="/wiki/Heidedal" title="Heidedal">Heidedal</a> in die ooste en suidooste, <a href="/wiki/Bainsvlei" title="Bainsvlei">Bainsvlei</a>, Woodland Hills, <a href="/wiki/Brandwag,_Bloemfontein" title="Brandwag, Bloemfontein">Brandwag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ehrlichpark,_Bloemfontein" title="Ehrlichpark, Bloemfontein">Ehrlichpark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauna,_Bloemfontein" title="Fauna, Bloemfontein">Fauna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fichardtpark" title="Fichardtpark">Fichardtpark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fleurdal" title="Fleurdal">Fleurdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gardeniapark" title="Gardeniapark">Gardeniapark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generaal_De_Wet,_Bloemfontein" title="Generaal De Wet, Bloemfontein">Generaal De Wet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospitaalpark" title="Hospitaalpark">Hospitaalpark</a>, Kiepersol, <a href="/wiki/Lourierpark" title="Lourierpark">Lourierpark</a>, Park-Wes, <a href="/wiki/Pellissier,_Bloemfontein" title="Pellissier, Bloemfontein">Pellissier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uitsig,_Bloemfontein" title="Uitsig, Bloemfontein">Uitsig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitas,_Bloemfontein" title="Universitas, Bloemfontein">Universitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westdene,_Bloemfontein" title="Westdene, Bloemfontein">Westdene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilgehof,_Bloemfontein" title="Wilgehof, Bloemfontein">Wilgehof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Willows,_Bloemfontein" title="Willows, Bloemfontein">Willows</a> in die suide. In die sentrum bevind hom <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein_Sentraal" title="Bloemfontein Sentraal">Bloemfontein Sentraal</a>. </p><p>Wes van Bloemfontein is daar <a href="/wiki/Langenhovenpark" title="Langenhovenpark">Langenhovenpark</a> en noord van die stad <a href="/wiki/Arboretum,_Bloemfontein" title="Arboretum, Bloemfontein">Arboretum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baysvalley,_Bloemfontein" title="Baysvalley, Bloemfontein">Baysvalley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayswater,_Bloemfontein" title="Bayswater, Bloemfontein">Bayswater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Pienaar,_Bloemfontein" title="Dan Pienaar, Bloemfontein">Dan Pienaar</a>, Heliconhoogte, <a href="/wiki/Heuwelsig" title="Heuwelsig">Heuwelsig</a>, Hillsboro, Hillside, Hilton, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hill" title="Naval Hill">Naval Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navalsig" title="Navalsig">Navalsig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noordhoek,_Bloemfontein" title="Noordhoek, Bloemfontein">Noordhoek</a>, Pentagonpark, Panoramapark en Waverley. </p><p>In die noordooste kan Roodewal en Vallombrosa gevind word. Die hoofsaaklik swart woonbuurte is Rocklands, Phahameng, Phelindaba, Bloemanda, Bochabela, JB Mafora en die historiese Batho met die Maphikela-huis, waar die ANC gestig is. Oos van Bloemfontein is <a href="/wiki/Botshabelo" title="Botshabelo">Botshabelo</a> en <a href="/wiki/Thaba_Nchu" title="Thaba Nchu">Thaba Nchu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktuur">Infrastruktuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Infrastruktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Infrastruktuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Vervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paaie">Paaie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Paaie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Paaie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hoffman_square,_Bloemfontein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hoffman_square%2C_Bloemfontein.jpg/220px-Hoffman_square%2C_Bloemfontein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hoffman_square%2C_Bloemfontein.jpg/330px-Hoffman_square%2C_Bloemfontein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hoffman_square%2C_Bloemfontein.jpg/440px-Hoffman_square%2C_Bloemfontein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Hoffmanplein in die middestad</figcaption></figure> <p>Bloemfontein se nasionale en streekpaaie is soos volg: Die <a href="/wiki/N1_(Suid-Afrika)" title="N1 (Suid-Afrika)">N1</a>, 'n hoofpad wat tussen <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> in die suidweste en <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> in die noorde loop, loop wes van die stad verby. Die <a href="/wiki/N8_(Suid-Afrika)" title="N8 (Suid-Afrika)">N8</a> loop oos/wes en verbind Bloemfontein met <a href="/wiki/Kimberley" title="Kimberley">Kimberley</a> en <a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a>, die hoofstad van <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>. Bloemfontein is ook die noordelike eindpunt van die <a href="/wiki/N6_(Suid-Afrika)" title="N6 (Suid-Afrika)">N6</a> wat rofweg suidwaarts loop na die hawestad <a href="/wiki/Oos-Londen" title="Oos-Londen">Oos-Londen</a>. By 'n kruising net voor die stad word die N6 die M30. Dié pad eindig in 'n wisselaar met die N1. </p><p>Daar is ook tweesyfer-R-roetes. Die <a href="/wiki/R64_(Suid-Afrika)" title="R64 (Suid-Afrika)">R64</a> is die ou pad na Kimberley deur <a href="/wiki/Dealesville" title="Dealesville">Dealesville</a> en <a href="/wiki/Boshof" title="Boshof">Boshof</a>. Dit eindig by die N1. Die <a href="/wiki/R30_(Suid-Afrika)" title="R30 (Suid-Afrika)">R30</a> eindig by die N1 noord van die stad. Dit is die pad na <a href="/wiki/Welkom" title="Welkom">Welkom</a> en loop deur <a href="/wiki/Brandfort" title="Brandfort">Brandfort</a> en <a href="/wiki/Theunissen" title="Theunissen">Theunissen</a>. Dit loop verder na <a href="/wiki/Rustenburg" title="Rustenburg">Rustenburg</a>. </p><p>Drie driesyfer-R-roetes begin in Bloemfontein. Die <a href="/wiki/R706_(Suid-Afrika)" title="R706 (Suid-Afrika)">R706</a> begin by die N8 in die middestad en loop suidwes na <a href="/wiki/Jagersfontein" title="Jagersfontein">Jagersfontein</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fauresmith" title="Fauresmith">Fauresmith</a>. Die <a href="/wiki/R702_(Suid-Afrika)" title="R702 (Suid-Afrika)">R702</a> begin ook by die N8 in die middestad, maar loop suidoos na <a href="/wiki/Dewetsdorp" title="Dewetsdorp">Dewetsdorp</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wepener" title="Wepener">Wepener</a>. Die derde R-roete, die <a href="/wiki/R700_(Suid-Afrika)" title="R700 (Suid-Afrika)">R700</a>, begin suid van die middestad by die M30 en loop noord. Dit kruis die N8 en N1 op pad na <a href="/wiki/Bultfontein" title="Bultfontein">Bultfontein</a>. </p><p>Bloemfontein het daarbenewens verskeie metropolitaanse of M-roetes. Dié paaie word onafhanklik van dié in ander stede in Suid-Afrika genommer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spoorlyne">Spoorlyne</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Spoorlyne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Spoorlyne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein_Station_c.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bloemfontein_Station_c.JPG/220px-Bloemfontein_Station_c.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bloemfontein_Station_c.JPG/330px-Bloemfontein_Station_c.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bloemfontein_Station_c.JPG/440px-Bloemfontein_Station_c.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Bloemfonteinstasie</figcaption></figure> <p>Bloemfontein is ook goed verbind met <a href="/wiki/Spoorvervoer_in_Suid-Afrika" title="Spoorvervoer in Suid-Afrika">spoorweë</a>. 'n Treinspoor is in 1890 gebou om Bloemfontein met Kaapstad te verbind. Omdat Bloemfontein sentraal geleë is, lê dit aan die groot spoorroete tussen Kaapstad en Johannesburg, terwyl treine daagliks na en van stede soos Gqeberha, Oos-Londen en ander stede loop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lugvervoer">Lugvervoer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Lugvervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Lugvervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein_Airport_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bloemfontein_Airport_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein_Airport_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bloemfontein_Airport_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Bloemfontein_Airport_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bloemfontein_Airport_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Bloemfontein_Airport_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="1068" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Bram_Fischer_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Bram Fischer Internasionale Lughawe">Bram Fischer Internasionale Lughawe</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bloemfontein het twee lughawens: die New Tempe Aerodrome en die <a href="/wiki/Bram_Fischer_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Bram Fischer Internasionale Lughawe">Bram Fischer Internasionale Lughawe</a>. Die Tempe-lughawe het geen geskeduleerde vlugte nie, maar word as 'n opleidingsgerief vir vlieëniers en skole gebruik. Bram Fischer het geskeduleerde vlugte na al die groot Suid-Afrikaanse stede. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geïntegreerde_Vervoernetwerk"><span id="Ge.C3.AFntegreerde_Vervoernetwerk"></span>Geïntegreerde Vervoernetwerk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Geïntegreerde Vervoernetwerk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Geïntegreerde Vervoernetwerk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Oktober 2016 het die <a href="/wiki/Mangaung_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit" title="Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit">Mangaung-munisipaliteit</a> en verskeie taxiverenigings 'n ooreenkoms bereik oor die Geïntegreerde Vervoernetwerk, wat tans in aanbou is. Die projek bestaan uit twee fases – in die eerste fase word buslane in die stad gebou en in die tweede fase bushaltes en -stasies.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwys">Onderwys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Onderwys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Main_Building,_University_of_the_Orange_Free_State,_Bloemfontein,_South-Africa_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Main_Building%2C_University_of_the_Orange_Free_State%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South-Africa_1.jpg/220px-Main_Building%2C_University_of_the_Orange_Free_State%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South-Africa_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Main_Building%2C_University_of_the_Orange_Free_State%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South-Africa_1.jpg/330px-Main_Building%2C_University_of_the_Orange_Free_State%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South-Africa_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Main_Building%2C_University_of_the_Orange_Free_State%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South-Africa_1.jpg/440px-Main_Building%2C_University_of_the_Orange_Free_State%2C_Bloemfontein%2C_South-Africa_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4609" data-file-height="3092" /></a><figcaption>Die hoofgebou van die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_die_Vrystaat" title="Universiteit van die Vrystaat">Universiteit van die Vrystaat</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Main_building_and_Hamilton_Hall,_Grey_College_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Main_building_and_Hamilton_Hall%2C_Grey_College_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Main_building_and_Hamilton_Hall%2C_Grey_College_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Main_building_and_Hamilton_Hall%2C_Grey_College_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Main_building_and_Hamilton_Hall%2C_Grey_College_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Main_building_and_Hamilton_Hall%2C_Grey_College_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Main_building_and_Hamilton_Hall%2C_Grey_College_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2174" /></a><figcaption>Die hoofgebou van die <a href="/wiki/Grey-kollege" title="Grey-kollege">Grey-kollege</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Onderwys is 'n belangrike sektor in Bloemfontein se sosiale en ekonomiese lewe. Bloemfontein beskik oor talle leerinstellings, van kleuterskole tot universiteite en kolleges. Klasse word van skool tot skool in verskillende tale aangebied, met sommige wat selfs al hul klasse in twee tale onderrig. Die onderrigtale is veral <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, Engels en <a href="/wiki/Suid-Sotho" title="Suid-Sotho">Suid-Sotho</a>. </p> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primêre_onderwys"><span id="Prim.C3.AAre_onderwys"></span>Primêre onderwys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Primêre onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Primêre onderwys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Andrew-skool,_Bloemfontein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Andrew-skool, Bloemfontein (bladsy bestaan nie)">St. Andrew-skool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-kollege" title="Grey-kollege">Grey-kollege</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sekondêre_onderwys"><span id="Sekond.C3.AAre_onderwys"></span>Sekondêre onderwys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Sekondêre onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Sekondêre onderwys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Andrew-skool,_Bloemfontein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Andrew-skool, Bloemfontein (bladsy bestaan nie)">St. Andrew-skool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-kollege" title="Grey-kollege">Grey-kollege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Eunice" title="Hoërskool Eunice">Hoërskool Eunice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein_Ho%C3%ABrskool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloemfontein Hoërskool (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bloemfontein Hoërskool</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho%C3%ABrskool_Fichardtpark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoërskool Fichardtpark (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hoërskool Fichardtpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Jim_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Hoërskool Jim Fouché">Hoërskool Jim Fouché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Sand_du_Plessis" title="Hoërskool Sand du Plessis">Hoërskool Sand du Plessis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Michael-skool,_Bloemfontein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Michael-skool, Bloemfontein (bladsy bestaan nie)">St. Michael-skool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Sentraal,_Bloemfontein" title="Hoërskool Sentraal, Bloemfontein">Hoërskool Sentraal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tersiêre_onderwys"><span id="Tersi.C3.AAre_onderwys"></span>Tersiêre onderwys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Tersiêre onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Tersiêre onderwys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_die_Vrystaat" title="Universiteit van die Vrystaat">Universiteit van die Vrystaat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentrale_Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentrale Universiteit vir Tegnologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sentrale Universiteit vir Tegnologie</a></li> <li>Motheo TVET-kollege</li></ul> </div> <p>Verder is daar die Motheo FET-kollege wat drie hoofkampusse (Thaba N'chu, Hillside View en Bloemfontein) en satellietkampusse in Zastron, Philippolis en Botshabelo behels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bloemfontein,_Free_State,_South_Africa_(20349763248).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820349763248%29.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820349763248%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820349763248%29.jpg/330px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820349763248%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820349763248%29.jpg/440px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820349763248%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Bloemfontein se sakekern</figcaption></figure> <p>Dit is veral die private sektor wat Bloemfontein se ekonomie aandryf. Bloemfontein se aandeel aan die nasionale <a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a>, indiensneming en bevolking is die laagste onder die maatstafgroep van Suid-Afrikaanse en Suider-Afrikaanse stede en bevind hom net onder dié van <a href="/wiki/Gqeberha" title="Gqeberha">Gqeberha</a>. Die stad se aandeel aan die nasionale BBP beloop 1,73%, sy aandeel aan die nasionale indiensneming beloop 1,86% en sy aandeel aan die nasionale bevolking beloop 1,67%. Bloemfontein se BBP-groei met 0,57% in 2015 was in die onderste helfte van die maatstafgroep aan stede. Soos ander groot stede in Suid-Afrika het Bloemfontein se BBP-groei die afgelope paar jaar stadig maar seker afgeneem.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groot_maatskappye">Groot maatskappye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Groot maatskappye" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Groot maatskappye"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die stad huisves twee van Suid-Afrika se voorste konstruksie- en infrastruktuurmaatskappye. Raubex Group Bpk. is in 1974 gestig en sedert Maart 2007 gelys op die <a href="/wiki/JSE" title="JSE">JSE</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en Ruwacon Edms Bpk. wat in 1999 gestig is.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van die ander groot maatskappye sluit in die kleinhandelafdelingswinkel Kloppers, gestig in 1967<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en EconoFoods Edms Bpk. wat in 1996 gestig is.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitale_en_klinieke">Hospitale en klinieke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Hospitale en klinieke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Hospitale en klinieke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bloemcare Psigiatriese kliniek</li> <li>Mediclinic Bloemfontein (Privaat)</li> <li>Nasionaal Distrikshospitaal</li> <li>Life Pasteur Hospitaal (Privaat)</li> <li>Life Rosepark Hospitaal (Privaat)</li> <li>Netcare Pelonomi Streekshospitaal (Semi-privaat)</li> <li>Netcare Universitas Hospitaal (Semi-privaat)</li> <li>Vrystaat Psigiatriese Kompleks – Bloemfontein (voorheen Oranje Hospitaal)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vermaak">Vermaak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Wysig afdeling: Vermaak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Vermaak"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand_du_Plessis-teaterkompleks" title="Sand du Plessis-teaterkompleks">Sand du Plessis-teaterkompleks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Godsdiens">Godsdiens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Wysig afdeling: Godsdiens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Godsdiens"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink boilerplate sienook">Sien ook: <a href="/wiki/NG_gemeente_Bloemfontein" title="NG gemeente Bloemfontein">NG gemeente Bloemfontein</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gereformeerde_kerk_Bloemfontein" title="Gereformeerde kerk Bloemfontein">Gereformeerde kerk Bloemfontein</a></div></i></dd></dl> <p>Bloemfontein het 'n groot en uiteenlopende Christelike bevolking. Die stad huisves verskeie kerke en denominasies: </p> <ul><li>Dit is die setel van die <a href="/wiki/Anglikaanse_Kerk_van_Suider-Afrika" title="Anglikaanse Kerk van Suider-Afrika">Anglikaanse bisdom van die Vrystaat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrikaanse_Baptistekerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrikaanse Baptistekerk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Afrikaanse Baptistekerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederduitse_Gereformeerde_Kerkfamilie" title="Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerkfamilie">Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heilige_Hart-katedraal,_Bloemfontein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heilige Hart-katedraal, Bloemfontein (bladsy bestaan nie)">Heilige Hart-katedraal</a> in Bloemfontein is die setel van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rooms-Katolieke_Aartsbisdom_van_Bloemfontein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rooms-Katolieke Aartsbisdom van Bloemfontein (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rooms-Katolieke Aartsbisdom van Bloemfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewendedagadventisme" title="Sewendedagadventisme">Sewendedagadventisme</a>, Suider-Afrikaanse hoofkwartier.</li> <li>Christelike Herlewingskerk.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>New Covenant Ministries International</i> het 'n kerk gehad met die naam Fountainhead gelei deur Chris Gerber. Dit was 'n Nuwe-Testamentiese Kerk bekend as Fountainhead Church International. Later het hierdie kerk saamgesmelt met <i>Doxa Deo Bloemfontein</i> wat nou die gekombineerde kerk se naam is.</li></ul> <p>Die stad het ook 'n groot Joodse bevolking wat hulle in die middel-19de eeu begin vestig het.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloemfontein beskik oor twee groot <a href="/wiki/Begraafplaas" title="Begraafplaas">begraafplase</a>: </p> <ul><li>Die Ou Begraafplaas: Die drie begraafplase het meer as 1 000 name. Die oudste begraafplaas is in 1871 aangeleë en bloot 'n piepklein omheinde area met 'n publieke begraafplaas naby die middestad. Dit sluit 'n paar grafte in van verskeie Joodse pioniere wat in die stad se vroeë dae aktief betrokke was en wat aan weerskante in die Boereoorlog 1899–1902 geveg het. Elkeen van hierdie pioniersgesinne se sowat dertig grafstene is volledig getranskribeer.</li> <li>Suidpark: Hierdie begraafplaas is in 1978 ingewy en bevat nou meer as 10 000 grafte. Dit is die grootste begraafplaas in die Vrystaat.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Op 7 Oktober 2010 is verskeie grafstene op die Joodse begraafplaas in Bloemfontein geskend met <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastikas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Antisemitisme" title="Antisemitisme">antisemitiese</a> graffiti.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 10 April 2012 is Bloemfontein se geskiedkundige Memorium-begraafplaas gevandaliseer, met 35 grafstene wat omgestoot en onwelvoeglike graffiti wat op die mure van die aangrensende Ohel gesmeer is. Die graffiti het beelde van geldsakke en diamante ingesluit, sowel as van 'n kru getekende Magen David, na bewering as deel van 'n antisemitiese daad.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar is ook die ou Phahameng-begraafplaas wat uit die 1960's dateer en tydens die apartheidsera uitdruklik gereserveer was vir Afrikane en 'n <a href="/wiki/Heldeakker" title="Heldeakker">Heldeakker</a> bevat waar vryheidsvegters ter ruste gelê is. Die Heide Heights-begraafplaas in Heidedal was tydens die apartheidsera gereserveer vir bruin mense, maar alle rasse kon hul dooies begrawe ná 1994. Dié begraafplaas is gesluit omdat dit vol was. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gemeenskapsorganisasies">Gemeenskapsorganisasies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Wysig afdeling: Gemeenskapsorganisasies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Gemeenskapsorganisasies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Die eerste Tafelronde is in 1927 gestig in <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a>. Die stigter Louis Marchesi was 'n jong lid van die Norwich <a href="/wiki/Rotari%C3%ABrs" title="Rotariërs">Rotariërklub</a> wat 'n behoefte gevoel het vir 'n klub waar die jong sake-eienaars van die stad gereeld kon bymekaarkom. By hul vergaderings kon hulle idees uitruil, van die ervarings van hul kollegas leer en 'n kollektiewe rol speel in die burgerlike lewe van Norwich. Van 'n baie vroeë stadium af is ooreengekom dat Tafelronde 'n niegodsdienstige en niepolitieke klub sou wees wat tot vandag toe die geval is.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kinderwelsyn Bloemfontein & Kinderlyn Vrystaat is 'n niewinsgewende organisasie wat in 1914 gestig is deur 'n groep vrywilligers wat 'n behoefte aan welsynsdienste onder die gemeenskap geïdentifiseer het. In 2024 het Kinderwelsyn Bloemfontein sy 110de verjaarsdag gevier. Oor die afgelope 110 jaar is baie gemeenskapsprogramme suksesvol geïmplementeer.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Vrymesselary" title="Vrymesselary">Vrymesselaarsentrum</a> Bloemfontein is in die 1970's gestig toe al die Vrymesselaarslosies in Bloemfontein hul individuele eiendomme verkoop het. Die sentrum is opgerig om al die Vrymesselaarsaktiwiteite in Bloemfontein en omliggende gebiede te huisves. Al die vier in Suid-Afrika aktiewe afdelings kom by die sentrum bymekaar. Die losies wat die sentrum saam besit is <i>Lodge Unie</i> (gestig in 1864), <i>Rising Star Lodge</i> (gestig in 1865), <i>Thistle Lodge</i> (gestig in 1903), <i>Emerald Lodge</i> (gestig in 1905), <i>Lodge Dagbreek</i> (gestig in 1932) en <i>Lodge Oranje</i> (gestig in 1964). Verskeie sygrade word by die sentrum voorsien, insluitende <i>Mark</i>, <i>Ark</i>, <i>Royal Arch</i> en <i>Rose Croix</i>. Bloemfontein het 'n ryk Vrymesselaarsgeskiedenis, veral tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog (1899–1902), en lede soos <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> en <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a> het losies in Bloemfontein besoek.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Free_State_Stadium1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Free_State_Stadium1.jpg/220px-Free_State_Stadium1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Free_State_Stadium1.jpg/330px-Free_State_Stadium1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Free_State_Stadium1.jpg/440px-Free_State_Stadium1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Buiteaansig van die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaatstadion" title="Vrystaatstadion">Vrystaatstadion</a> in Bloemfontein</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:BMSSK_Range_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/BMSSK_Range_2010.jpg/220px-BMSSK_Range_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/BMSSK_Range_2010.jpg/330px-BMSSK_Range_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/BMSSK_Range_2010.jpg/440px-BMSSK_Range_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Bloemfontein se metaalsilhoeëtskietbaan, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaatstadion" title="Vrystaatstadion">Vrystaatstadion</a> en die omliggende sportkompleks is van die vernaamste sportgeriewe in Bloemfontein en die Vrystaat. Dit is al tydens geleenthede soos die <a href="/wiki/Rugbyw%C3%AAreldbeker_1995" title="Rugbywêreldbeker 1995">Rugbywêreldbeker 1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrikanasiesbeker_1996" title="Afrikanasiesbeker 1996">Afrikanasiesbeker 1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-Konfederasiebeker_in_2009" title="FIFA Sokker-Konfederasiebeker in 2009">FIFA Sokker-Konfederasiebeker in 2009</a> en die <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_2010" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010">FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010</a> gebruik. Die stad beskik ook oor ander sportplekke, insluitende sportgeriewe van die Universiteit van die Vrystaat, skole en ander sportklubs. Van die ander stadions in Bloemfontein sluit in <a href="/wiki/Mangaung-ovaal" title="Mangaung-ovaal">Mangaung-ovaal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Petrus_Molemela-stadion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Petrus Molemela-stadion (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dr. Petrus Molemela-stadion</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Solomons-stadion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clive Solomons-stadion (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clive Solomons-stadion</a>. </p><p>Bloemfontein is saam met die nabygeleë <a href="/wiki/Botshabelo" title="Botshabelo">Botshabelo</a> die tuiste van <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein_Celtic" title="Bloemfontein Celtic">Bloemfontein Celtic</a> wat in die <a href="/wiki/Premiersokkerliga" title="Premiersokkerliga">Premiersokkerliga</a> meeding. </p><p>Bloemfontein se Vrystaatstadion huisves twee <a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">rugbyspanne</a>: die <a href="/wiki/Cheetahs_(Verenigde_Rugbykampioenskap)" title="Cheetahs (Verenigde Rugbykampioenskap)">Cheetahs</a> wat van 2017 tot 2020 in die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Rugbykampioenskap" title="Verenigde Rugbykampioenskap">Verenigde Rugbykampioenskap</a> meegeding het<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en die <a href="/wiki/Vrystaat_Cheetahs" title="Vrystaat Cheetahs">Vrystaat Cheetahs</a> wat in die plaaslike <a href="/wiki/Curriebeker" title="Curriebeker">Curriebeker</a> speel. Die Vrystaat Cheetahs kon in 2005 die Curriebeker inpalm, nadat hulle die <a href="/wiki/Blou_Bulle" title="Blou Bulle">Blou Bulle</a> geklop het, in 2006 het hulle die eindstryd teen die Blou Bulle getrek en kon die Curriebeker in 2007 behou toe hulle die <a href="/wiki/Goue_Leeus" title="Goue Leeus">Goue Leeus</a> geklop het. Vervolgens was die Vrystaat Cheetahs tot in 2008 die kampioene, wanneer hulle versuim het om die eindstryd vir die eerste keer sedert 2004 te bereik. In 2009 kon die Vrystaat Cheetahs die eindstryd bereik, maar hulle was nie in staat om die Blou Bulle op <a href="/wiki/Loftus_Versfeld" title="Loftus Versfeld">Loftus Versfeld</a> te verslaan nie. In 2016 het die Vrystaat Cheetahs die beker ná 'n perfekte seisoen ingepalm en die Blou Bulle tuis in Bloemfontein geklop. </p><p>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_(krieketspan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knights (krieketspan) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Knights-krieketspan</a> verteenwoordig die Vrystaat en die <a href="/wiki/Noord-Kaap" title="Noord-Kaap">Noord-Kaap</a> op <a href="/wiki/Mangaung-ovaal" title="Mangaung-ovaal">Mangaung-ovaal</a> wat tot die Vrystaatstadionkompleks behoort. Bloemfontein is 'n gereelde aanbieder van internasionale en plaaslike kriekettoernooie.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Krieketw%C3%AAreldbeker_2003" title="Krieketwêreldbeker 2003">Krieketwêreldbeker 2003</a> is vyf wedstryde op Bloemfontein se Mangaung-ovaal beslis. </p><p>Die stad het een van die mees aktiewe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sweefvlug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sweefvlug (bladsy bestaan nie)">sweefvluggemeenskappe</a> in Suid-Afrika en die wêreld en hulle gebruik die New Tempe-lughawe in die noorde van Bloemfontein. </p><p>Bloemfontein het 'n veldrenbaan (tempe) wat deur die Bloemfontein-veldrenklub bestuur word en dit het ook 'n knortjorbaan gehad (M&F Raceway) wat vroeg in 2015 gesluit is. </p><p>Bloemfontein beskik oor 'n omvattende skietsentrum 20 km suid van die stad, wat die meeste vorme van skietsport bied, insluitend verskeie kleiteiken-, pistool- en geweerdissiplines. Bloemfontein se skietsportgemeenskap het talle provinsiale en nasionale verteenwoordigers opgelewer. </p><p>Bloemfontein se metaalsilhoeëtskietbaan is een van die beste metaalsilhoeëtskietbane ter wêreld. Drie internasionale IMSSU-wêreldkampioenskappe is reeds hier aangebied: </p> <ul><li>6de IMSSU-wêreldkampioenskappe 2004<sup id="cite_ref-IMSSU_–_World_Championship_Results_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMSSU_–_World_Championship_Results-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>7de IMSSU-wêreldkampioenskappe 2006<sup id="cite_ref-IMSSU_–_World_Championship_Results_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMSSU_–_World_Championship_Results-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>12de IMSSU-wêreldkampioenskappe 2016<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Bloemfontein het twee rotsklimklubs met 'n muur en rotsgrot.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bekende_boorlinge">Bekende boorlinge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Wysig afdeling: Bekende boorlinge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Bekende boorlinge"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:J._R._R._Tolkien,_ca._1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/J._R._R._Tolkien%2C_ca._1925.jpg/170px-J._R._R._Tolkien%2C_ca._1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/J._R._R._Tolkien%2C_ca._1925.jpg/255px-J._R._R._Tolkien%2C_ca._1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/J._R._R._Tolkien%2C_ca._1925.jpg/340px-J._R._R._Tolkien%2C_ca._1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>J.R.R. Tolkien, ca. 1925</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Juan_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Juan_Smith.jpg/170px-Juan_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Juan_Smith.jpg/255px-Juan_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Juan_Smith.jpg/340px-Juan_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Juan Smith in 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Allan_Donald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Allan_Donald.jpg/170px-Allan_Donald.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Allan_Donald.jpg/255px-Allan_Donald.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Allan_Donald.jpg/340px-Allan_Donald.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Allan Donald in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Baie bekende mense word met Bloemfontein geassosieer: </p> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugbyspelers">Rugbyspelers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Wysig afdeling: Rugbyspelers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Rugbyspelers"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jannie_de_Beer" title="Jannie de Beer">Jannie de Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naka_Drotsk%C3%A9" title="Naka Drotské">Naka Drotské</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Dry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Dry (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chris Dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Joubert" title="André Joubert">André Joubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Kruger" title="Ruben Kruger">Ruben Kruger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ox_Nch%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ox Nché (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ox Nché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenie_Oosthuizen" title="Coenie Oosthuizen">Coenie Oosthuizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Os_du_Randt" title="Os du Randt">Os du Randt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_le_Roux" title="Ollie le Roux">Ollie le Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Smith" title="Juan Smith">Juan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Steyn" title="François Steyn">François Steyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Venter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Venter (bladsy bestaan nie)">André Venter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brendan_Venter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brendan Venter (bladsy bestaan nie)">Brendan Venter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krieketspelers">Krieketspelers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Wysig afdeling: Krieketspelers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Krieketspelers"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_Coetzee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald Coetzee (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gerald Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansie_Cronj%C3%A9" title="Hansie Cronjé">Hansie Cronjé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Donald" title="Allan Donald">Allan Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fichardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Fichardt (bladsy bestaan nie)">Charles Fichardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_Wessels" title="Kepler Wessels">Kepler Wessels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morn%C3%A9_van_Wyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morné van Wyk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Morné van Wyk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sokkerspelers">Sokkerspelers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Wysig afdeling: Sokkerspelers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Sokkerspelers"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Jackson (bladsy bestaan nie)">Willem Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thembinkosi_Lorch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thembinkosi Lorch (bladsy bestaan nie)">Thembinkosi Lorch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo_Maema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo Maema (bladsy bestaan nie)">Neo Maema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vuyo_Mere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vuyo Mere (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vuyo Mere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kgotso_Moleko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kgotso Moleko (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kgotso Moleko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thabo_Nthethe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thabo Nthethe (bladsy bestaan nie)">Thabo Nthethe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musici">Musici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Wysig afdeling: Musici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Musici"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Peyper" title="Brendan Peyper">Brendan Peyper</a>, Afrikaanse musikus and liedjieskrywer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Schuster" title="Leon Schuster">Leon Schuster</a>, rolprentvervaardiger, komediant en musikant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenie_de_Villiers" title="Coenie de Villiers">Coenie de Villiers</a>, Afrikaanse musikus en</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Morgan_Welgemoed" title="Shaun Morgan Welgemoed">Shaun Morgan Welgemoed</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Stewart (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dale Stewart</a>, musici en stigtingslede van die groep <a href="/wiki/Seether" title="Seether">Seether</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akteurs/regisseurs"><span id="Akteurs.2Fregisseurs"></span>Akteurs/regisseurs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Wysig afdeling: Akteurs/regisseurs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Akteurs/regisseurs"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Debbo" title="Al Debbo">Al Debbo</a>, akteur, komediant en sanger</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Kgoroge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Kgoroge (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tony Kgoroge</a>, akteur</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ander">Ander</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Wysig afdeling: Ander" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Ander"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerrit_Badenhorst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerrit Badenhorst (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gerrit Badenhorst</a>, kragopteller en sterkmanmededinger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zola_Budd" title="Zola Budd">Zola Budd</a>, internasionale langafstandatleet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Claerhout" title="Frans Claerhout">Frans Claerhout</a>, kunstenaar</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gert_Coetzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gert Coetzer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gert Coetzer</a>, rugbyligaspeler</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beric_John_Croome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beric John Croome (bladsy bestaan nie)">Beric John Croome</a>, regter</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winkie_Direko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winkie Direko (bladsy bestaan nie)">Winkie Direko</a>, eerste swart universiteitskanselier</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gert_Fouche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gert Fouche (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gert Fouche</a>, fietsryer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bram_Fischer" title="Bram Fischer">Bram Fischer</a>, burgeregteaktivis</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Vernon_Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Vernon Harrison (bladsy bestaan nie)">John Vernon Harrison</a>, geologis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Hauptfleisch" title="Temple Hauptfleisch">Temple Hauptfleisch</a>, skrywer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maretha_Maartens" title="Maretha Maartens">Maretha Maartens</a>, skrywer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Beatrice_Marshoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frances Beatrice Marshoff (bladsy bestaan nie)">Frances Beatrice Marshoff</a>, politikus</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Modise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billy Modise (bladsy bestaan nie)">Billy Modise</a>, politikus</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Mvusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Mvusi (bladsy bestaan nie)">Linda Mvusi</a>, argitek en akteur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryk_Neethling" title="Ryk Neethling">Ryk Neethling</a>, Olimpiese goue medaljewennerswemmer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carla_Oberholzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carla Oberholzer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Carla Oberholzer</a>, fietsryer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcos_Ondruska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcos Ondruska (bladsy bestaan nie)">Marcos Ondruska</a>, tennisspeler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karla_Pretorius" title="Karla Pretorius">Karla Pretorius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netbal" title="Netbal">netbalspeler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flaxman_Qoopane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flaxman Qoopane (bladsy bestaan nie)">Flaxman Qoopane</a>, skrywer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deneys_Reitz" title="Deneys Reitz">Deneys Reitz</a>, soldaat, politikus, kabinetsminister en skrywer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wally_Rivers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wally Rivers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wally Rivers</a>, fietsryer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kate_Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kate Roberts (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kate Roberts</a>, driekampatleet</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elzabe_Rockman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elzabe Rockman (bladsy bestaan nie)">Elzabe Rockman</a>, politikus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.C.E._van_Schoor" title="M.C.E. van Schoor">M.C.E. van Schoor</a>, historikus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a>, skrywer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovan_van_Vuuren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jovan van Vuuren (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jovan van Vuuren</a>, verspringer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Wells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Wells (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jack Wells</a>, gimnas</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronel_van_Wyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronel van Wyk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ronel van Wyk</a>, fietsryer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Wolmarans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Wolmarans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fritz Wolmarans</a>, tennisspeler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_van_Zyl" title="Lizzie van Zyl">Lizzie van Zyl</a>, kindergevangene in die Bloemfonteinse konsentrasiekamp tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Vryheidsoorlog" title="Tweede Vryheidsoorlog">Tweede Vryheidsoorlog</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cox-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cox_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cox_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWendell_Cox2021" class="citation book cs1">Wendell Cox (Junie 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf"><i>Demographia World Urban Areas 13th Edition</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Demograhia. p. 96<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demographia+World+Urban+Areas+13th+Edition&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Demograhia&rft.date=2021-06&rft.au=Wendell+Cox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf">"Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa based on Floyd (1960:20-26)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. xlv–lii. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023732/http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf">Geargiveer</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Julie 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronological+order+of+town+establishment+in+South+Africa+based+on+Floyd+%281960%3A20-26%29&rft.pages=xlv-lii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupetd.up.ac.za%2Fthesis%2Favailable%2Fetd-07212011-123414%2Funrestricted%2F05back.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFEvans" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Owain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.scribd.com/document/291256918/Chronological-Order-of-Town-Establishment-in-South-Africa">"Chronological Order of Town Establishment in South Africa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200422045415/https://de.scribd.com/document/291256918/Chronological-Order-of-Town-Establishment-in-South-Africa">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronological+Order+of+Town+Establishment+in+South+Africa&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Owain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F291256918%2FChronological-Order-of-Town-Establishment-in-South-Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781775782438" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-77578-243-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marais_Twala_2020_pp._49–62-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Marais_Twala_2020_pp._49–62_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMaraisTwala2020" class="citation journal cs1">Marais, Lochner; Twala, Chitja (7 Mei 2020). "Bloemfontein: the rise and fall of South Africa's judicial capital". <i>African Geographical Review</i>. Informa UK Limited. <b>40</b> (1): 49–62. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19376812.2020.1760901">10.1080/19376812.2020.1760901</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-6812">1937-6812</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218929562">218929562</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Geographical+Review&rft.atitle=Bloemfontein%3A+the+rise+and+fall+of+South+Africa%27s+judicial+capital&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-62&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218929562%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1937-6812&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19376812.2020.1760901&rft.aulast=Marais&rft.aufirst=Lochner&rft.au=Twala%2C+Chitja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance">"South Africa at a glance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Regering_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Regering van Suid-Afrika">Regering van Suid-Afrika</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">16 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Africa+at+a+glance&rft.pub=Regering+van+Suid-Afrika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fabout-sa%2Fsouth-africa-glance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWendell_Cox2017" class="citation book cs1">Wendell Cox (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf"><i>Demographia World Urban Areas 13th Edition</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Demograhia. pp. 20–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demographia+World+Urban+Areas+13th+Edition&rft.pages=20-36&rft.pub=Demograhia&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Wendell+Cox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strabon.io/site/Bloemfontein">"Bloemfontein"</a>. Strabon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein&rft.pub=Strabon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strabon.io%2Fsite%2FBloemfontein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=993&id=mangaung-municipality">"Statistics By Place: Mangaung"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistiek_Suid-Afrika" title="Statistiek Suid-Afrika">Statistiek Suid-Afrika</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+By+Place%3A+Mangaung&rft.pub=Statistiek+Suid-Afrika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2F%3Fpage_id%3D993%26id%3Dmangaung-municipality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKekeletso_Mosebetsi2023" class="citation web cs1">Kekeletso Mosebetsi (15 Oktober 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ofm.co.za/article/centralsa/328639/nthatisi-elected-as-mayor-of-mangaung-metro">"Nthatisi elected as mayor of Mangaung Metro"</a>. OFM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nthatisi+elected+as+mayor+of+Mangaung+Metro&rft.pub=OFM&rft.date=2023-10-15&rft.au=Kekeletso+Mosebetsi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofm.co.za%2Farticle%2Fcentralsa%2F328639%2Fnthatisi-elected-as-mayor-of-mangaung-metro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308062541/http://www.bloemfontein.co.za/diduknw.php">"Did you know?"</a>. Bloemfontein. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloemfontein.co.za/diduknw.php">die oorspronklike</a> op 8 Maart 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Maart</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+you+know%3F&rft.pub=Bloemfontein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloemfontein.co.za%2Fdiduknw.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208191416/http://bloemfontein.startpage.co.za/">"General Information"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bloemfontein.startpage.co.za/">die oorspronklike</a> op 8 Desember 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Desember</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbloemfontein.startpage.co.za%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/News24/10-SA-city-nicknames-and-why-theyre-called-that-20150622">"10 SA city nicknames, and why they're called that"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nuus24" title="Nuus24">Nuus24</a>. 22 Junie 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+SA+city+nicknames%2C+and+why+they%E2%80%99re+called+that&rft.pub=Nuus24&rft.date=2015-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FNews24%2F10-SA-city-nicknames-and-why-theyre-called-that-20150622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBridget_Hilton-Barber2001" class="citation book cs1">Bridget Hilton-Barber (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=te1461s33IwC&redir_esc=y"><i>Weekends with Legends</i></a>. New Africa Books. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-86486-471-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-86486-471-0"><bdi>978-0-86486-471-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weekends+with+Legends&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=New+Africa+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-86486-471-0&rft.au=Bridget+Hilton-Barber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dte1461s33IwC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240802222515/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/prehistory-bloemfontein-area">"Prehistory of the Bloemfontein area"</a>. South African History Online. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/prehistory-bloemfontein-area">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 Augustus 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prehistory+of+the+Bloemfontein+area&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Farticle%2Fprehistory-bloemfontein-area&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121041821/http://www.bloemfonteinguide.co.za/about-bloemfontein/history/">"History of Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa"</a>. Bloemfontein Guide. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloemfonteinguide.co.za/about-bloemfontein/history/">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 Januarie 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Januarie</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Bloemfontein%2C+Free+State%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=Bloemfontein+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloemfonteinguide.co.za%2Fabout-bloemfontein%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> David Johnson, "Griqua Land Claims in Southern Africa, 1874–1998", in David L. Eng and David Kazanjian, eds., "Loss: The Politics of Mourning" (Berkeley: Univ. of CA Press, 2003), 283–88. <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0520232364" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0520232364">ISBN 0520232364</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey_Carpenter1977" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey Carpenter (1977). <i>Tolkien: A Biography</i>. New York: Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-04-928037-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-04-928037-3"><bdi>978-0-04-928037-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-04-928037-3&rft.au=Humphrey+Carpenter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Tolkien: "though my earliest memories of are a hot country […] I was shipped home [England] in 1895". Biographical sketch to Houghton Mifflin Co. (Julie 1955), in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien", ed. Humphrey Carpenter (London: Allen Unwin, 1981; London: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014), 165. <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0544363795" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0544363795">ISBN 0544363795</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Grundlingh, Albert. "The National Women's Monument. The Making and Mutation of Meaning in Afrikaner Memory of the South African War." Cuthbertson, Gregor; Grundlingh, Albert M.; and Suttie, Mary-Lynn (Hrsg.). "Writing a Wider War. Rethinking Gender, Race, and Identity in the South African War, 1899–1902". Athens, Ohio:Ohio University Press. 2002. bl. 18–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Marschall, Sabine. "Serving Male Agendas. Two National Women's Monuments in South Africa". Women's Studies 33 (2004). bl. 1009–1033.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Biggins" class="citation web cs1">David Biggins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angloboerwar.com/other-information/16-other-information/1844-blockhouses">"Anglo Boer War – Blockhouses"</a>. Angloboerwar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anglo+Boer+War+%E2%80%93+Blockhouses&rft.pub=Angloboerwar&rft.au=David+Biggins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.angloboerwar.com%2Fother-information%2F16-other-information%2F1844-blockhouses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419083815/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/union-south-africa-1910">"The Union of South Africa 1910"</a>. South African History Online. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/union-south-africa-1910">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Union+of+South+Africa+1910&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Ftopic%2Funion-south-africa-1910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Artikel 109 van die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet, 1909</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-2212266">"The South Africa Act, 1909"</a>. The American Journal of International Law. 1 Januarie 1910<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+South+Africa+Act%2C+1909&rft.pub=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.date=1910-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjstor-2212266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220091912/http://www.sahistory.org.za/organisations/african-national-congress-anc">"African National Congress (ANC)"</a>. South African History Online. 20 Maart 2011. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/organisations/african-national-congress-anc">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 Desember 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Desember</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+National+Congress+%28ANC%29&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft.date=2011-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Forganisations%2Fafrican-national-congress-anc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFNancy_L._Clark2016" class="citation book cs1">Nancy L. Clark (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/de/title/883649263"><i>South Africa : the rise and fall of apartheid</i></a>. William H. Worger (3 uitg.). Abingdon, Oxon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-138-12444-8" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-138-12444-8"><bdi>978-1-138-12444-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/883649263">883649263</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Africa+%3A+the+rise+and+fall+of+apartheid&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.edition=3&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F883649263&rft.isbn=978-1-138-12444-8&rft.au=Nancy+L.+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Fde%2Ftitle%2F883649263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: plek sonder uitgewer (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_plek_sonder_uitgewer" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: plek sonder uitgewer">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022065219/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/national-party-np">"National Party (NP)"</a>. South African History Online. 30 Maart 2011. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/national-party-np">die oorspronklike</a> op 22 Oktober 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">22 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Party+%28NP%29&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft.date=2011-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Ftopic%2Fnational-party-np&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloemfontein1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bloemfontein1_29-0">29,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bloemfontein1_29-1">29,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240802222515/http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/bloemfontein-segregated-city">"Bloemfontein the Segregated city"</a>. SA History Online. 30 Maart 2011. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/bloemfontein-segregated-city">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 Augustus 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein+the+Segregated+city&rft.pub=SA+History+Online&rft.date=2011-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Farticle%2Fbloemfontein-segregated-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloemfotein2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bloemfotein2_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001150408/https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/cultural-studies/review-of-apartheid-in-bloemfontein-verno-cultural-studies-essay.php">"Review of Apartheid in Bloemfontein Verno Cultural Studies Essay"</a>. Uni Assignment. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/cultural-studies/review-of-apartheid-in-bloemfontein-verno-cultural-studies-essay.php">die oorspronklike</a> op 1 Oktober 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">1 Oktober</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+Apartheid+in+Bloemfontein+Verno+Cultural+Studies+Essay&rft.pub=Uni+Assignment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniassignment.com%2Fessay-samples%2Fcultural-studies%2Freview-of-apartheid-in-bloemfontein-verno-cultural-studies-essay.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloemfotein3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bloemfotein3_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074617/https://impulscentrum.be/south_africa/mod4_fringe/lesson11.asp">"Apartheid and housing in Mangaung and Botshabelo"</a>. Impuls centrum. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://impulscentrum.be/south_africa/mod4_fringe/lesson11.asp">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 Desember 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Desember</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apartheid+and+housing+in+Mangaung+and+Botshabelo&rft.pub=Impuls+centrum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimpulscentrum.be%2Fsouth_africa%2Fmod4_fringe%2Flesson11.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240621172445/https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/fourth-raadsaal-bloemfontein">"The Fourth Raadsaal, Bloemfontein"</a>. South African History Online. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/fourth-raadsaal-bloemfontein">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 Junie 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Junie</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fourth+Raadsaal%2C+Bloemfontein&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fplace%2Ffourth-raadsaal-bloemfontein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/UA/68442.TXT">"Bloemfontein Climate Normals 1961−1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%88%921990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FRA-I%2FUA%2F68442.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/SouthAfrica/CSV/BloemfonteinWO_68442.csv">"Climate Normals 1991−2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Normals+1991%E2%88%922020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-1-WMO-Normals-9120%2FSouthAfrica%2FCSV%2FBloemfonteinWO_68442.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315025056/http://old.weathersa.co.za/Climat/Climstats/BloemfonteinStats.jsp">"Climate data for Bloemfontein"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suid-Afrikaanse_Weerdiens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Weerdiens (bladsy bestaan nie)">Suid-Afrikaanse Weerdiens</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.weathersa.co.za/Climat/Climstats/BloemfonteinStats.jsp">die oorspronklike</a> op 15 Maart 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 Maart</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+data+for+Bloemfontein&rft.pub=Suid-Afrikaanse+Weerdiens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.weathersa.co.za%2FClimat%2FClimstats%2FBloemfonteinStats.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-showme.co.za-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-showme.co.za_36-0">36,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-showme.co.za_36-1">36,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817174110/http://showme.co.za/events-entertainment/bloemfontein-rose-festival/">"Bloemfontein Rose Festival"</a>. ShowMe – South Africa. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://showme.co.za/events-entertainment/bloemfontein-rose-festival/">die oorspronklike</a> op 17 Augustus 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">17 Augustus</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein+Rose+Festival&rft.pub=ShowMe+%E2%80%93+South+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshowme.co.za%2Fevents-entertainment%2Fbloemfontein-rose-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloemfontein-information.co.za/town/events/2051/mangaung-rose-festival">"Mangaung Rose Festival – Events in Bloemfontein"</a>. Bloemfontein Information<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mangaung+Rose+Festival+%E2%80%93+Events+in+Bloemfontein&rft.pub=Bloemfontein+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloemfontein-information.co.za%2Ftown%2Fevents%2F2051%2Fmangaung-rose-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-internext.co.za-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-internext.co.za_38-0">38,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-internext.co.za_38-1">38,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internext.co.za/rosefestival/">"Bloemfontein Rose Festival/Fees"</a>. Internext<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein+Rose+Festival%2FFees&rft.pub=Internext&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internext.co.za%2Frosefestival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sa-venues.com-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sa-venues.com_39-0">39,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sa-venues.com_39-1">39,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104204742/https://www.sa-venues.com/events/freestate/bloemfontein-rose-festival/">"Bloemfontein Rose Festival"</a>. SA Venues. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sa-venues.com/events/freestate/bloemfontein-rose-festival/">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein+Rose+Festival&rft.pub=SA+Venues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sa-venues.com%2Fevents%2Ffreestate%2Fbloemfontein-rose-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sleeping-out.co.za-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sleeping-out.co.za_40-0">40,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sleeping-out.co.za_40-1">40,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sleeping-out.co.za_40-2">40,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sleeping-out.co.za/events/bloemfontein-rose-festival">"Bloemfontein Rose Festival 2016"</a>. Sleeping-OUT<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein+Rose+Festival+2016&rft.pub=Sleeping-OUT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sleeping-out.co.za%2Fevents%2Fbloemfontein-rose-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727011156/http://www.bloemdirectory.co.za/home/shopping-centres/loch-logan-waterfront/loch-logan-waterfront-centre">"Loch Logan Waterfront Centre – Bloemfontein Directory"</a>. Bloemdirectory. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloemdirectory.co.za/home/shopping-centres/loch-logan-waterfront/loch-logan-waterfront-centre">die oorspronklike</a> op 27 Julie 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">27 Julie</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Loch+Logan+Waterfront+Centre+%E2%80%93+Bloemfontein+Directory&rft.pub=Bloemdirectory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloemdirectory.co.za%2Fhome%2Fshopping-centres%2Floch-logan-waterfront%2Floch-logan-waterfront-centre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170529165248/http://www.seda.org.za/Happening/LatestNews/PressReleases/Cazelles/Urth.aspx">"Urth Garden Centre"</a>. SEDA. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seda.org.za/Happening/LatestNews/PressReleases/Cazelles/Urth.aspx">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 Mei 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">29 Mei</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urth+Garden+Centre&rft.pub=SEDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seda.org.za%2FHappening%2FLatestNews%2FPressReleases%2FCazelles%2FUrth.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloemfonteincourant.co.za/first-king-queen-roses/">"Are you the very first King or Queen of Roses?"</a>. Bloemfontein Courant. 7 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+you+the+very+first+King+or+Queen+of+Roses%3F&rft.pub=Bloemfontein+Courant&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloemfonteincourant.co.za%2Ffirst-king-queen-roses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171106070543/http://www.bicycling.co.za/event/bizhub-rose-classic/">"Home"</a>. Bicycling. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bicycling.co.za/event/bizhub-rose-classic/">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Bicycling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bicycling.co.za%2Fevent%2Fbizhub-rose-classic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afriadventures.co.za/event/mangaung-rose-classic/">"Mangaung Rose Classic"</a>. Afriadventures<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 Maart</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mangaung+Rose+Classic&rft.pub=Afriadventures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafriadventures.co.za%2Fevent%2Fmangaung-rose-classic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span> <sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wherevent.com/detail/Mangaung-RoseFestival-Lets-Green-BLOEM-Expo">"Lets Green BLOEM Expo"</a>. Wherevent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lets+Green+BLOEM+Expo&rft.pub=Wherevent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wherevent.com%2Fdetail%2FMangaung-RoseFestival-Lets-Green-BLOEM-Expo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808165123/http://www.bloemskou.co.za/events/1401/Go-Green-Expo/">"Go Green Expo – Bloemskou 26 April – 05 May 2018"</a>. Bloemskou. 1 Maart 2018. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloemskou.co.za/events/1401/Go-Green-Expo/">die oorspronklike</a> op 8 Augustus 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Augustus</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Go+Green+Expo+%E2%80%93+Bloemskou+26+April+%E2%80%93+05+May+2018&rft.pub=Bloemskou&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloemskou.co.za%2Fevents%2F1401%2FGo-Green-Expo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businesstech.co.za/news/trending/132269/these-are-the-biggest-townships-in-south-africa/">"These are the biggest townships in South Africa"</a>. BusinessTech. 14 Augustus 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=These+are+the+biggest+townships+in+South+Africa&rft.pub=BusinessTech&rft.date=2016-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinesstech.co.za%2Fnews%2Ftrending%2F132269%2Fthese-are-the-biggest-townships-in-south-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://census2001.adrianfrith.com/place/40502">"Bloemfontein"</a>. <i>2001-sensus</i>. Adrian Frith<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2001-sensus&rft.atitle=Bloemfontein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensus2001.adrianfrith.com%2Fplace%2F40502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/499023">"Bloemfontein"</a>. <i>2011-sensus</i>. Adrian Frith<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011-sensus&rft.atitle=Bloemfontein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensus2011.adrianfrith.com%2Fplace%2F499023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bloemfontein">"Bloemfontein, South Africa"</a>. Jewish Virtual Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fbloemfontein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPulane_Choane2016" class="citation web cs1">Pulane Choane (19 Oktober 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloemfonteincourant.co.za/mangaung-makes-history-metro-taxi-associations-partner/">"Mangaung makes history as metro and taxi associations partner"</a>. Bloemfontein Courant<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mangaung+makes+history+as+metro+and+taxi+associations+partner&rft.pub=Bloemfontein+Courant&rft.date=2016-10-19&rft.au=Pulane+Choane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloemfonteincourant.co.za%2Fmangaung-makes-history-metro-taxi-associations-partner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020183758/https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a8c51b7190db462185aa4b46d8944997">"City Competitiveness and Economic Growth Mangaung, South Africa"</a>. Storymaps. 23 November 2020. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a8c51b7190db462185aa4b46d8944997">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 Oktober 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Competitiveness+and+Economic+Growth+Mangaung%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=Storymaps&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstorymaps.arcgis.com%2Fstories%2Fa8c51b7190db462185aa4b46d8944997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raubex.com/">"Raubex is one of South Africa's leading infrastructure development and construction materials supply groups"</a>. Raubex Group Bpk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raubex+is+one+of+South+Africa%27s+leading+infrastructure+development+and+construction+materials+supply+groups&rft.pub=Raubex+Group+Bpk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fraubex.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruwacon.co.za/">"As a leading construction company..."</a> Ruwacon Edms Bpk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+a+leading+construction+company...&rft.pub=Ruwacon+Edms+Bpk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruwacon.co.za%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kloppers.co.za/">"expert Kloppers"</a>. Kloppers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=expert+Kloppers&rft.pub=Kloppers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkloppers.co.za%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://econofoods.co.za/">"Everything nice at wholesale price"</a>. EconoFoods Edms Bpk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everything+nice+at+wholesale+price&rft.pub=EconoFoods+Edms+Bpk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconofoods.co.za%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crcchurch.com/">"Christian Revival Church – Win the lost at any cost!"</a>. Christelike Herlewingskerk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Revival+Church+%E2%80%93+Win+the+lost+at+any+cost%21&rft.pub=Christelike+Herlewingskerk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrcchurch.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDr_Saul_Issroff" class="citation web cs1">Dr Saul Issroff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishgen.org/safrica/communities/8/index.htm">"A History of the Jewish Community Archives"</a>. Saul Issroff, Mike Getz, SAfrica SIG and Jewishgen Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jewish+Community+Archives&rft.pub=Saul+Issroff%2C+Mike+Getz%2C+SAfrica+SIG+and+Jewishgen+Inc.&rft.au=Dr+Saul+Issroff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2Fsafrica%2Fcommunities%2F8%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331073508/http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/south-africa/bloemfontein.html">"BLOEMFONTEIN – Free State Prov"</a>. Internasionale Joodse Begraafplaasprojek. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/south-africa/bloemfontein.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 31 Maart 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">31 Maart</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BLOEMFONTEIN+%E2%80%93+Free+State+Prov&rft.pub=Internasionale+Joodse+Begraafplaasprojek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org%2Fsouth-africa%2Fbloemfontein.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406103548/http://antisemitism.org.il/article/13935/south-africa-–-jewish-cemetery-was-desecrated">"South Africa – Jewish cemetery was desecrated"</a>. CFCA. 7 Oktober 2010. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antisemitism.org.il/article/13935/south-africa-%E2%80%93-jewish-cemetery-was-desecrated">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Africa+%E2%80%93+Jewish+cemetery+was+desecrated&rft.pub=CFCA&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantisemitism.org.il%2Farticle%2F13935%2Fsouth-africa-%25E2%2580%2593-jewish-cemetery-was-desecrated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406102851/http://antisemitism.org.il/article/71463/jewish-cemetery-vandalized">"Jewish cemetery vandalized"</a>. CFCA. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antisemitism.org.il/article/71463/jewish-cemetery-vandalized">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+cemetery+vandalized&rft.pub=CFCA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantisemitism.org.il%2Farticle%2F71463%2Fjewish-cemetery-vandalized&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080123182124/http://www.roundtable158.co.za/">"Round Table / Tafelronde"</a>. Round Table / Tafelronde 158 Bloemfontein. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roundtable158.co.za/">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 Januarie 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Januarie</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Round+Table+%2F+Tafelronde&rft.pub=Round+Table+%2F+Tafelronde+158+Bloemfontein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roundtable158.co.za%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://childlinefs.org.za/about-us/">"About us"</a>. Childlinefs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=Childlinefs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchildlinefs.org.za%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113044451/http://www.masoniclodges.co.za/index.php">"Vrymesselaars Bloemfontein Freemasons"</a>. Bloemfontein Masonic Centre. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masoniclodges.co.za/index.php">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vrymesselaars+Bloemfontein+Freemasons&rft.pub=Bloemfontein+Masonic+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masoniclodges.co.za%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912200606/http://www.pro14rugby.org/club/toyota-cheetahs">"Toyota Cheetahs"</a>. Guinness PRO14. 29 Augustus 2017. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pro14rugby.org/club/toyota-cheetahs/">die oorspronklike</a> op 12 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toyota+Cheetahs&rft.pub=Guinness+PRO14&rft.date=2017-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pro14rugby.org%2Fclub%2Ftoyota-cheetahs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410232940/https://cricket.co.za/team/2895/VKB-Knights/1592/2019-20-4-Day-Domestic-Series/">"VKB Knights"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Krieket_Suid-Afrika" title="Krieket Suid-Afrika">Krieket Suid-Afrika</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cricket.co.za/team/2895/VKB-Knights/1592/2019-20-4-Day-Domestic-Series/">die oorspronklike</a> op 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VKB+Knights&rft.pub=Krieket+Suid-Afrika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcricket.co.za%2Fteam%2F2895%2FVKB-Knights%2F1592%2F2019-20-4-Day-Domestic-Series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMSSU_–_World_Championship_Results-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMSSU_–_World_Championship_Results_68-0">68,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMSSU_–_World_Championship_Results_68-1">68,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405001437/http://www.imssu.org/results.aspx">"IMSSU – World Championship Results"</a>. Internasionale Metaalsilhoeëtskietvereniging. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imssu.org/results.aspx">die oorspronklike</a> op 5 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMSSU+%E2%80%93+World+Championship+Results&rft.pub=Internasionale+Metaalsilhoe%C3%ABtskietvereniging&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imssu.org%2Fresults.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405001404/http://www.imssu.org/ws2016.aspx">"IMSSU World Championships 2016"</a>. Internasionale Metaalsilhoeëtskietvereniging. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imssu.org/ws2016.aspx">die oorspronklike</a> op 5 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMSSU+World+Championships+2016&rft.pub=Internasionale+Metaalsilhoe%C3%ABtskietvereniging&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imssu.org%2Fws2016.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309103126/http://sancf.org/index.php?catid=43:fs&id=202:exciting-start-to-bloemfontein-wall&itemid=18&option=com_content&view=article">"Exciting start to Bloemfontein wall"</a>. Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Klimfederasie. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sancf.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=202:exciting-start-to-bloemfontein-wall&catid=43:fs&Itemid=18">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 Maart 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exciting+start+to+Bloemfontein+wall&rft.pub=Suid-Afrikaanse+Nasionale+Klimfederasie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sancf.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D202%3Aexciting-start-to-bloemfontein-wall%26catid%3D43%3Afs%26Itemid%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bloemfontein" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <i><b><a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek/bloemfontein" class="extiw" title="wikt:Spesiaal:Soek/bloemfontein">bloemfontein</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloemfontein.co.za/">Munisipale webwerf</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloempages.com/">Bloemfontein Online Directory</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/afrikaans-community-1820-1899">Afrikaans community 1820–1899</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bloemfontein">"Bloemfontein"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloemfontein&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBloemfontein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABloemfontein" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Bultfontein" title="Bultfontein">Bultfontein</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Kroonstad" title="Kroonstad">Kroonstad</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kimberley" title="Kimberley">Kimberley</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Botshabelo" title="Botshabelo">Botshabelo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span>   <b>Bloemfontein</b>    <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Reddersburg" title="Reddersburg">Reddersburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trompsburg" title="Trompsburg">Trompsburg</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Dewetsdorp" title="Dewetsdorp">Dewetsdorp</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="50_grootste_nedersettings_in_Suid-Afrika_volgens_bevolking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:SA_grootste_stede" title="Sjabloon:SA grootste stede"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:SA_grootste_stede" title="Sjabloonbespreking:SA grootste stede"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:SA_grootste_stede&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="50_grootste_nedersettings_in_Suid-Afrika_volgens_bevolking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">50 grootste nedersettings in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> volgens bevolking</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembisa" title="Tembisa">Tembisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katlehong" title="Katlehong">Katlehong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umlazi" title="Umlazi">Umlazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soshanguve" title="Soshanguve">Soshanguve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayelitsha" title="Khayelitsha">Khayelitsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamelodi" title="Mamelodi">Mamelodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roodepoort" title="Roodepoort">Roodepoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqeberha" title="Gqeberha">Gqeberha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchells_Plein" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitchells Plein">Mitchells Plein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oos-Londen" title="Oos-Londen">Oos-Londen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg" title="Boksburg">Boksburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloemfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBhayi" title="IBhayi">iBhayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebokeng" title="Sebokeng">Sebokeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatsworth,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Chatsworth, KwaZulu-Natal">Chatsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klerksdorp" title="Klerksdorp">Klerksdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Park" title="Ivory Park">Ivory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethelsdorp" title="Bethelsdorp">Bethelsdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra" title="Alexandra">Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanda,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal">Inanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaMashu" title="KwaMashu">KwaMashu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemptonpark" title="Kemptonpark">Kemptonpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosloorus" title="Vosloorus">Vosloorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni" title="Benoni">Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George" title="George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mdantsane" title="Mdantsane">Mdantsane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraaifontein" title="Kraaifontein">Kraaifontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delft,_Kaapstad" title="Delft, Kaapstad">Delft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etwatwa" title="Etwatwa">Etwatwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetown" title="Pinetown">Pinetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherwell" title="Motherwell">Motherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepsloot_(nedersetting)" title="Diepsloot (nedersetting)">Diepsloot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakane" title="Tsakane">Tsakane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaton" title="Evaton">Evaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaGuqa" title="KwaGuqa">KwaGuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Polokwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daveyton" title="Daveyton">Daveyton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mangaung_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit,_Vrystaat" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Suid-Afrikaanse_distriksmunisipaliteit_navbox" title="Sjabloon:Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Suid-Afrikaanse_distriksmunisipaliteit_navbox" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Suid-Afrikaanse_distriksmunisipaliteit_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mangaung_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit,_Vrystaat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mangaung_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit" title="Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit">Mangaung Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrystaat" title="Vrystaat">Vrystaat</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Setel&#58;_Bloemfontein">Setel: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloemfontein</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nedersettings</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bainsvlei" title="Bainsvlei">Bainsvlei</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloemfontein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Botshabelo" title="Botshabelo">Botshabelo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maselspoort" title="Maselspoort">Maselspoort</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thaba_Nchu" title="Thaba Nchu">Thaba Nchu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Map_of_South_Africa_with_Mangaung_highlighted_(2011).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mangaung within South Africa"><img alt="Mangaung within South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Mangaung_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/75px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Mangaung_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Mangaung_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/113px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Mangaung_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Mangaung_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/150px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Mangaung_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Mangaung within South Africa</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Voorstede van<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloemfontein</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arboretum,_Bloemfontein" title="Arboretum, Bloemfontein">Arboretum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ashbury,_Bloemfontein" title="Ashbury, Bloemfontein">Ashbury</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baysvalley,_Bloemfontein" title="Baysvalley, Bloemfontein">Baysvalley</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bayswater,_Bloemfontein" title="Bayswater, Bloemfontein">Bayswater</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bloemside" title="Bloemside">Bloemside</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brandwag,_Bloemfontein" title="Brandwag, Bloemfontein">Brandwag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dan_Pienaar,_Bloemfontein" title="Dan Pienaar, Bloemfontein">Dan Pienaar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ehrlichpark,_Bloemfontein" title="Ehrlichpark, Bloemfontein">Ehrlichpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fauna,_Bloemfontein" title="Fauna, Bloemfontein">Fauna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fichardtpark" title="Fichardtpark">Fichardtpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fleurdal" title="Fleurdal">Fleurdal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gardeniapark" title="Gardeniapark">Gardeniapark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Generaal_De_Wet,_Bloemfontein" title="Generaal De Wet, Bloemfontein">Generaal De Wet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Grasslands,_Bloemfontein" title="Grasslands, Bloemfontein">Grasslands</a> • <a href="/wiki/Grootvlei-gevangenis" title="Grootvlei-gevangenis">Grootvlei-gevangenis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heuwelsig,_Bloemfontein" title="Heuwelsig, Bloemfontein">Heuwelsig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hospitaalpark" title="Hospitaalpark">Hospitaalpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Langenhovenpark" title="Langenhovenpark">Langenhovenpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lourierpark" title="Lourierpark">Lourierpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein_Lughawe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloemfontein Lughawe">Lughawe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Navalsig" title="Navalsig">Navalsig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noordhoek,_Bloemfontein" title="Noordhoek, Bloemfontein">Noordhoek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pellissier,_Bloemfontein" title="Pellissier, Bloemfontein">Pellissier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rodenbeck" title="Rodenbeck">Rodenbeck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein_Sentraal" title="Bloemfontein Sentraal">Sentraal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uitsig,_Bloemfontein" title="Uitsig, Bloemfontein">Uitsig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Universitas,_Bloemfontein" title="Universitas, Bloemfontein">Universitas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Westdene,_Bloemfontein" title="Westdene, Bloemfontein">Westdene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wilgehof,_Bloemfontein" title="Wilgehof, Bloemfontein">Wilgehof</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willows,_Bloemfontein" title="Willows, Bloemfontein">Willows</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinsiale_hoofstede_van_Suid-Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Provinsiale_hoofstede_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Provinsiale hoofstede van Suid-Afrika"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Provinsiale_hoofstede_van_Suid-Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Provinsiale hoofstede van Suid-Afrika (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Provinsiale_hoofstede_van_Suid-Afrika&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinsiale_hoofstede_van_Suid-Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinsies_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Provinsies van Suid-Afrika">Provinsiale</a> hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho">Bhisho (Oos-Kaap)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloemfontein (Vrystaat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad (Wes-Kaap)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg (Gauteng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley" title="Kimberley">Kimberley (Noord-Kaap)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahikeng" title="Mahikeng">Mahikeng (Noordwes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelspruit" title="Nelspruit">Nelspruit (Mpumalanga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg (KwaZulu-Natal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Pietersburg/Polokwane (Limpopo)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hoofstede_in_Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Afrika"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede in Afrika"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hoofstede_in_Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstede</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">onafhanklike lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a> • <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Djiboeti_(stad)" title="Djiboeti (stad)">Djiboeti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> • <a href="/wiki/Freetown,_Sierra_Leone" title="Freetown, Sierra Leone">Freetown</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joeba" title="Joeba">Joeba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%AFro" title="Kaïro">Kaïro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> • <a href="/wiki/Khartoem" title="Khartoem">Khartoem</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a><sup>a</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Mogadisjoe" title="Mogadisjoe">Mogadisjoe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moroni" title="Moroni">Moroni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> • <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Praia,_Kaap_Verde" title="Praia, Kaap Verde">Praia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a><sup>b</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Seychelle)" title="Victoria (Seychelle)">Victoria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a><sup>c</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Sint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Sint Helena">Jamestown</a> • <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_(stad)" title="Cabinda (stad)">Cabinda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaalkacyo" title="Gaalkacyo">Gaalkacyo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Garoowe" title="Garoowe">Garoowe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a> • <a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne" title="Laâyoune">Laâyoune</a><sup>d</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a> is die <a href="/wiki/Regeringsetel" title="Regeringsetel">regeringsetel</a>, asook koninklike en wetgewende hoofstad van <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> en <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloemfontein</a> is saam met <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> ook hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a> is die regeringsetel en ekonomiese hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Ivoorkus" title="Ivoorkus">Ivoorkus</a>. <sup>d</sup><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a> dien <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> as hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Demokratiese_Republiek_Sahara" title="Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara">Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37701&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37701&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" 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href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000087944303">0000 0000 8794 4303</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80090576">n80090576</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e1e37076-4101-4307-bb5f-5409ad4c5ad2">e1e37076-4101-4307-bb5f-5409ad4c5ad2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a 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