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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Khmelnytsky's role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khmelnytsky's_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beginning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Beginning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatars'_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatars'_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tatars' role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatars'_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Casualties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Massacres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massacres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Massacres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massacres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ukrainian population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khmelnytsky Uprising</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="انتفاضة خميلينتسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتفاضة خميلينتسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xmelnitski_%C3%BCsyan%C4%B1" title="Xmelnitski üsyanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xmelnitski üsyanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هملنیتسکی آیاقلانماسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هملنیتسکی آیاقلانماسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Паўстанне Хмяльніцкага – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўстанне Хмяльніцкага" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Въстание на Хмелницки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въстание на Хмелницки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebel%C2%B7li%C3%B3_de_Khmelnitski" title="Rebel·lió de Khmelnitski – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rebel·lió de Khmelnitski" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chmelnick%C3%A9ho_povst%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Chmelnického povstání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chmelnického povstání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytskijopstanden" title="Khmelnytskijopstanden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khmelnytskijopstanden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chmelnyzkyj-Aufstand" title="Chmelnyzkyj-Aufstand – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chmelnyzkyj-Aufstand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Hmeln%C3%B5tsk%C3%B5i_%C3%BClest%C3%B5us" title="Bohdan Hmelnõtskõi ülestõus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bohdan Hmelnõtskõi ülestõus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Εξέγερση του Χμελνίτσκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξέγερση του Χμελνίτσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%C3%B3n_de_Jmelnitski" title="Rebelión de Jmelnitski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rebelión de Jmelnitski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="قیام خملنیتسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قیام خملنیتسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul%C3%A8vement_de_Khmelnytsky" title="Soulèvement de Khmelnytsky – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soulèvement de Khmelnytsky" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%90%EB%A9%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%B8%A0%ED%82%A4_%EB%B4%89%EA%B8%B0" title="흐멜니츠키 봉기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흐멜니츠키 봉기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmeljnickijev_ustanak" title="Hmeljnickijev ustanak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hmeljnickijev ustanak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_Khmelnytsky" title="Pemberontakan Khmelnytsky – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemberontakan Khmelnytsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivolta_di_Chmel%27nyc%27kyj" title="Rivolta di Chmel'nyc'kyj – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivolta di Chmel'nyc'kyj" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A7%D7%99" title="מרד חמלניצקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרד חמלניצקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ხმელნიცკის აჯანყება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხმელნიცკის აჯანყება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdana_Hme%C4%BCnicka_sacel%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Bohdana Hmeļnicka sacelšanās – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bohdana Hmeļnicka sacelšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chmelnickio_sukilimas" title="Chmelnickio sukilimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chmelnickio sukilimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koz%C3%A1k%E2%80%93lengyel_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_(1648%E2%80%9354)" title="Kozák–lengyel háború (1648–54) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kozák–lengyel háború (1648–54)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chmelnytskyopstand" title="Chmelnytskyopstand – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chmelnytskyopstand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%84%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1" title="フメリニツキーの乱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フメリニツキーの乱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytskyj-oppstanden" title="Khmelnytskyj-oppstanden – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khmelnytskyj-oppstanden" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powstanie_Chmielnickiego" title="Powstanie Chmielnickiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powstanie Chmielnickiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolta_de_Khmelnitski" title="Revolta de Khmelnitski – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Revolta de Khmelnitski" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83scoala_lui_Hmelni%C8%9Bki" title="Răscoala lui Hmelnițki – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Răscoala lui Hmelnițki" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;;width:335px"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Khmelnytsky Uprising</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg/270px-Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg/405px-Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg/540px-Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1298" /></a></span><br />Painting “<i>Entrance of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi to Kyiv in 1649</i>” by <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Ivasyuk" title="Mykola Ivasyuk">Mykola Ivasyuk</a> in the 19th century</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>25 January 1648 – 6 August 1657</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><span data-sort-value="Poland–Lithuania"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></span> <br /> <span data-sort-value="Cossack Hetmanate"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>See <a href="#Aftermath">Aftermath</a> </p> <ul><li>Military intervention of the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></li> <li>Decline of the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Uniate_Church" title="Ruthenian Uniate Church">Ruthenian Uniate Churches</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Right-bank_Ukraine" title="Right-bank Ukraine">Right-Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left-Bank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a> in Ukraine.</li> <li>Recognition of the Ukrainian Eastern Orthodox Church</li> <li>After the death of Hetman <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a>, his supporters, led by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vyhovsky" title="Ivan Vyhovsky">Ivan Vyhovsky</a>, resumed talks with the Commonwealth, which resulted in the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Hadiach" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Hadiach">Union of Hadiach</a> in 1658.</li> <li>Beginning of <a href="/wiki/The_Ruin_(Ukrainian_history)" title="The Ruin (Ukrainian history)">The Ruin</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a> <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_(blue_and_gold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/20px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/30px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/40px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a> (1648–1654, 1656–1657) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Moldavia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></span> (1651, 1653, 1656–1657) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Russia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russia</a></span> (1654–1656) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Sweden"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="yes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a></span> (1655–1656) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Brandenburg"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></span> (1655–1656) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Wallachia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a></span> (1656–1657) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Transylvania"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></span> (1656–1657)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Poland–Lithuania"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></span> <br /> <span data-sort-value="Moldavia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></span> (1648–1650, 1653) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Wallachia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a></span> (1653) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Transylvania"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></span> (1653) <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_(blue_and_gold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/20px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/30px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/40px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a> (1654–1656) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Russia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russia</a></span> (1656–1657) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Holy Roman Empire"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></span> (1656–1657) <br /> <span data-sort-value="Denmark–Norway"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></span> (1657)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Alex_K_Bohdan_Chmelnickyi_prapor-horisontal.svg/23px-Alex_K_Bohdan_Chmelnickyi_prapor-horisontal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Alex_K_Bohdan_Chmelnickyi_prapor-horisontal.svg/35px-Alex_K_Bohdan_Chmelnickyi_prapor-horisontal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Alex_K_Bohdan_Chmelnickyi_prapor-horisontal.svg/46px-Alex_K_Bohdan_Chmelnickyi_prapor-horisontal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="268" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes"><b>#</b></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tymofiy_Khmelnytsky" title="Tymofiy Khmelnytsky">Tymofiy Khmelnytsky</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bohun" title="Ivan Bohun">Ivan Bohun</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maksym_Kryvonis" title="Maksym Kryvonis">Maksym Kryvonis</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sirko" title="Ivan Sirko">Ivan Sirko</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> Ivan Zolotarenko <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> Anton Zhdanovych <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> Matvei Sikorski <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_(blue_and_gold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/20px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/30px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/40px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sl%C3%A2m_III_Giray" title="İslâm III Giray">İslâm III Giray</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_(blue_and_gold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/20px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/30px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/40px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tugay_Bey" title="Tugay Bey">Tugay Bey</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Lupu" title="Vasile Lupu">Vasile Lupu</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Alexis of Russia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_%C8%98tefan" title="Gheorghe Ștefan">Gheorghe Ștefan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Wallachia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wallachia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Matei_Basarab" title="Matei Basarab">Matei Basarab</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Casimir of Poland">John II Casimir</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeremi_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Jeremi Wiśniowiecki">Jeremi Wiśniowiecki</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes"><b>#</b></a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marcin_Kalinowski" title="Marcin Kalinowski">Marcin Kalinowski</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Potocki" title="Mikołaj Potocki">Mikołaj Potocki</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes"><b>#</b></a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Potocki_(1624%E2%80%931648)" title="Stefan Potocki (1624–1648)">Stefan Potocki</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/45px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Czarniecki" title="Stefan Czarniecki">Stefan Czarniecki</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Transylvania_%28Local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_II_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi" title="George II Rákóczi">George II Rákóczi</a> <br /> (till 1657) <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_(blue_and_gold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/20px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/30px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/40px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV_Giray" title="Mehmed IV Giray">Mehmed IV Giray</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Khmelnytsky_Uprising" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Template talk:Campaignbox Khmelnytsky Uprising"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Khmelnytsky Uprising"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Khmelnytsky_Uprising" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Khmelnytsky Uprising</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zhovti_Vody" title="Battle of Zhovti Vody">Zhovti Vody</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Machnivka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Machnivka (page does not exist)">Machnivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsu%C5%84" title="Battle of Korsuń">Korsun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kulchin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kulchin (page does not exist)">Kulchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pohost" title="Battle of Pohost">Pohost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rzeczyca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rzeczyca (page does not exist)">Rzeczyca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Zahaje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Zahaje (page does not exist)">Zahaje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Slutsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Slutsk (page does not exist)">Slutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Starokostiantyniv" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Starokostiantyniv">Starokostiantyniv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pyliavtsi" title="Battle of Pyliavtsi">Pyliavtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mazyr" title="Battle of Mazyr">Mazyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loyew_(1649)" title="Battle of Loyew (1649)">1st Loyew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zahal" title="Battle of Zahal">Zahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zbarazh" title="Siege of Zbarazh">Zbarazh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zboriv_(1649)" title="Battle of Zboriv (1649)">Zboriv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasne" title="Battle of Krasne">Krasne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lipowiec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lipowiec (page does not exist)">Lipowiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kopychyntsi" title="Battle of Kopychyntsi">Kopychyntsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Berestechko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loyew_(1651)" title="Battle of Loyew (1651)">2nd Loyew</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Taborivka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Taborivka (page does not exist)">Taborivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bila_Tserkva_(1651)" title="Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651)">Bila Tserkva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batih" title="Battle of Batih">Batih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastyryshche" title="Battle of Monastyryshche">Monastyryshche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_of_Tymofiy_Khmelnytsky" title="Moldavian campaign of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky">Moldavian Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Suceava_(1653)" title="Siege of Suceava (1653)">Suceava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zhvanets" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Zhvanets">Zhvanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okhmativ_(1655)" title="Battle of Okhmativ (1655)">Okhmativ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magier%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Magierów">Magierów</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Ukraine" title="Category:History of Ukraine">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">History of <span class="fn org label">Ukraine</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/80px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/120px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/160px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Ukraine" title="Name of Ukraine">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ukraine" title="Coat of arms of Ukraine">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_in_present-day_Ukraine" title="Historical regions in present-day Ukraine">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Ukraine">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of banking in Ukraine">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of rail transport in Ukraine">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_shipbuilding_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of shipbuilding in Ukraine">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology_in_Ukraine" title="History of technology in Ukraine">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of television in Ukraine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Jewish history</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistorical_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistorical Ukraine">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosporan_Kingdom" title="Bosporan Kingdom">Bosporan Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarubintsy_culture" title="Zarubintsy culture">Zarubintsy culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernyakhov_culture" title="Chernyakhov culture">Chernyakhov culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">Hunnic Empire</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Ukraine">Early history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rus%27_Khaganate" title="Rus' Khaganate">Rus' Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumania" title="Cumania">Cumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Principality of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Ruthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cossacks" title="History of the Cossacks">Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_Voivodeship" title="Kiev Voivodeship">Kyiv Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Zaporozhian Sich</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-bank_Ukraine" title="Right-bank Ukraine">Right bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_Sich" title="Danubian Sich">Danubian Sich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Russia" title="Little Russia">Little Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Empire">Habsburg Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Ukraine" title="Modern history of Ukraine">Modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_during_World_War_I" title="Ukraine during World War I">Ukraine during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_after_the_Russian_Revolution" title="Ukraine after the Russian Revolution">Ukraine after the Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence" title="Ukrainian War of Independence">Ukrainian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Ukraine" title="Directorate of Ukraine">Directorate of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Communist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine#World_War_II" title="History of Ukraine">Ukraine in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_transition_in_Ukraine" title="Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine">Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Scandal" title="Cassette Scandal">Cassette Scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/16px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/24px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Ukraine" title="Template:History of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:History of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Khmelnytsky Uprising</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the <b>Cossack–Polish War</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <b>Khmelnytsky insurrection</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Cossack_uprisings" title="Cossack uprisings">Cossack rebellion</a> that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, which led to the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a> in Ukraine. Under the command of <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a>, allied with the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> and local Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasantry</a>, fought against Polish domination and the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Army" title="Crown Army">Commonwealth's forces</a>. The insurgency was accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Batoh_massacre" title="Batoh massacre">mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against prisoners of war</a> and the civilian population, especially against the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Uniate_Church" title="Ruthenian Uniate Church">Ruthenian Uniate</a> clergy and especially the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-jewish2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewish2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chmielnicki-Massacres_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chmielnicki-Massacres-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as savage reprisals by loyalist <a href="/wiki/Jeremi_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Jeremi Wiśniowiecki">Jeremi Wiśniowiecki</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">voivode</a></i> of Ukrainian descent (military governor) of the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Voivodeship" title="Ruthenian Voivodeship">Ruthenian Voivodeship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-davies_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davies-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 355">: 355 </span></sup> </p><p>The uprising has a symbolic meaning in the history of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>'s relationship with <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. It ended the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Polish Catholic <i>szlachta</i>′s</a> domination over the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Ukrainian Orthodox</a> population; at the same time, it led to the eventual incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">eastern Ukraine</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> initiated by the 1654 <a href="/wiki/Pereiaslav_Agreement" title="Pereiaslav Agreement">Pereiaslav Agreement</a>, whereby the <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> would swear allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> while retaining a wide degree of autonomy. The event triggered a period of political turbulence and infighting in the Hetmanate known as <a href="/wiki/The_Ruin_(Ukrainian_history)" title="The Ruin (Ukrainian history)">the Ruin</a>. The success of the anti-Polish rebellion, along with internal conflicts in Poland, as well as concurrent wars waged by Poland with Russia and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a> (1655–1660) respectively), ended the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Golden_Age" title="Polish Golden Age">Polish Golden Age</a> and caused a secular decline of Polish power during the period known in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Polish history</a> as "the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a>". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish history</a>, the Uprising is known for the atrocities against the Jews who, in their capacity as leaseholders (<i><a href="/wiki/Arendator" title="Arendator">arendators</a></i>), were seen by the peasants as their immediate oppressors and became the subject of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">antisemitic</a> violence.<sup id="cite_ref-jewish2005_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewish2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jewish1906_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewish1906-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Special:EditPage/Khmelnytsky Uprising">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_in_1648.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_in_1648.PNG/250px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_in_1648.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_in_1648.PNG/375px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_in_1648.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_in_1648.PNG/500px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_in_1648.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1648</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rzeczpospolita2nar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rzeczpospolita2nar.png/220px-Rzeczpospolita2nar.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rzeczpospolita2nar.png/330px-Rzeczpospolita2nar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rzeczpospolita2nar.png/440px-Rzeczpospolita2nar.png 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:hotpink; color:black;"> </span> Kingdom of Poland</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackSea1600-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BlackSea1600-es.svg/220px-BlackSea1600-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BlackSea1600-es.svg/330px-BlackSea1600-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BlackSea1600-es.svg/440px-BlackSea1600-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1771" data-file-height="1254" /></a><figcaption>Control of the territory of Ukraine in 1600</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Articles_for_the_Reassurance_of_the_Ruthenian_people" title="Articles for the Reassurance of the Ruthenian people">Articles for the Reassurance of the Ruthenian people</a>; <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising">Pavlyuk uprising</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=1638_Ordination_of_the_Zaporizhian_Host&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1638 Ordination of the Zaporizhian Host (page does not exist)">1638 Ordination of the Zaporizhian Host</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Kiev,_Galicia_and_all_Rus%27_(1620%E2%80%931686)" title="Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1620–1686)">Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1620–1686)</a></div> <p>In 1569 the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">Union of Lublin</a> granted the southern <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuanian-controlled</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenia" title="Ruthenia">Ruthenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship" title="Voivodeship">voivodeships</a> of <a href="/wiki/Volhynian_Voivodeship_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)">Volhynia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podolian_Voivodeship" title="Podolian Voivodeship">Podolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brac%C5%82aw_Voivodeship" title="Bracław Voivodeship">Bracław</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiev_Voivodeship" title="Kiev Voivodeship">Kiev</a>—to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Poland">Crown of Poland</a> under the agreement forming the new <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> (<i>Rzeczpospolita</i>). The Kingdom of Poland already controlled several <a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenian</a> lands which formed the voivodeships of <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Voivodeship" title="Ruthenian Voivodeship">Lviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belz_Voivodeship" title="Belz Voivodeship">Belz</a>. The combined lands would be formed into the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_Province,_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland</a>. </p><p>Although the local <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> were formally granted full rights within the Rzeczpospolita by a 1572 royal decree,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was often ignored by city councils, and both the nobility and city burgers were under enormous pressure to convert to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> and use of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assimilation of <a href="/wiki/Polish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish culture">Polish culture</a> on the part of the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_nobility" title="Ruthenian nobility">Ruthenian nobility</a> alienated them from the lower classes, and most especially to the <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a>, who proved stubbornly resistant to Catholicism and <a href="/wiki/Polonization" title="Polonization">Polonization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was especially important in regard to powerful and traditionally influential great princely families of Ruthenian origins, among them <a href="/wiki/Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Wiśniowiecki">Wiśniowiecki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czartoryski" title="Czartoryski">Czartoryski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostrogski_family" title="Ostrogski family">Ostrogski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanguszko" title="Sanguszko">Sanguszko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zbaraski" title="Zbaraski">Zbaraski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korecki_family" title="Korecki family">Korecki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zas%C5%82awski" title="Zasławski">Zasławski</a>, which acquired even more power and were able to gather more lands, creating huge <a href="/wiki/Latifundia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latifundia">latifundia</a>. This <i><a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a></i>, along with the actions of the upper-class Polish <a href="/wiki/Magnates_of_Poland_and_Lithuania" title="Magnates of Poland and Lithuania">magnates</a>, oppressed the lower-class Ruthenians, with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> practices and the use of <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Arendator" title="Arendator">arendators</a> to manage their estates. </p><p>Local <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> traditions were also affected from the assumption of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">ecclesiastical power</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> in 1448. The growing <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia#Muscovy" title="History of Russia">Russian state</a> in the north sought to acquire the southern lands of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, and with the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">fall of Constantinople</a> it began this process by insisting that the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitans_and_Patriarchs_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow">Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus′</a> was now the primate of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Church</a>. </p><p>The pressure of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> expansionism culminated with the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brest" title="Union of Brest">Union of Brest</a> in 1596, which attempted to retain the autonomy of the Eastern Orthodox churches in present-day <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> by aligning themselves with the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Bishop of Rome</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> were also against the <a href="/wiki/Uniate_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniate Church">Uniate Church</a>. While all of the people <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">did not unite under one church</a>, the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> were implanted into consciousness of the area and came out in force during the military campaign of <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khmelnytsky's_role"><span id="Khmelnytsky.27s_role"></span>Khmelnytsky's role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Khmelnytsky's role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Special:EditPage/Khmelnytsky Uprising">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matejko_Khmelnytsky_with_Tugay_Bey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Matejko_Khmelnytsky_with_Tugay_Bey.jpg/220px-Matejko_Khmelnytsky_with_Tugay_Bey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Matejko_Khmelnytsky_with_Tugay_Bey.jpg/330px-Matejko_Khmelnytsky_with_Tugay_Bey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Matejko_Khmelnytsky_with_Tugay_Bey.jpg/440px-Matejko_Khmelnytsky_with_Tugay_Bey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="2411" /></a><figcaption><i>Bohdan Khmelnytsky with <a href="/wiki/Tugay_Bey" title="Tugay Bey">Tugay Bey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></i>, oil on canvas by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a>, 1885, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, Warsaw">National Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Born to a noble family, Bohdan Khmelnytsky attended a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> school, probably in <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>. At the age of 22, he joined his father in the service of the Commonwealth, battling against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a>. After being held captive in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, he returned home as a <a href="/wiki/Registered_Cossack" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered Cossack">Registered Cossack</a>, settling in his <i><a href="/wiki/Khutor" title="Khutor">khutor</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Subotiv" title="Subotiv">Subotiv</a> with a wife and several children. He participated in campaigns for Grand Crown <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">Hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Koniecpolski" title="Stanisław Koniecpolski">Stanisław Koniecpolski</a>, led delegations to King <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Władysław IV Vasa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and generally was well respected within the Cossack ranks. The course of his life was altered, however, when <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Koniecpolski_(1620%E2%80%931659)" title="Aleksander Koniecpolski (1620–1659)">Aleksander Koniecpolski</a>, heir to hetman Koniecpolski's magnate estate, attempted to seize Khmelnytsky's land. In 1647 <a href="/wiki/Chyhyryn" title="Chyhyryn">Chyhyryn</a> deputy of <a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">starosta</a> (head of the local royal administration) <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Czapli%C5%84ski" title="Daniel Czapliński">Daniel Czapliński</a> openly started to harass Khmelnytsky on behalf of the younger Koniecpolski in an attempt to force him off the land. On two occasions raids were made to Subotiv, during which considerable property damage was done and his son <a href="/wiki/Yurii_Khmelnytsky" title="Yurii Khmelnytsky">Yurii</a> was badly beaten, until Khmelnytsky moved his family to a relative's house in <a href="/wiki/Chyhyryn" title="Chyhyryn">Chyhyryn</a>. He twice sought assistance from the king by traveling to Warsaw, only to find him either unwilling or powerless to confront the will of a magnate.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having received no support from Polish officials, Khmelnytsky turned to his Cossack friends and subordinates. The case of a Cossack being unfairly treated by the Poles found a lot of support not only in his regiment but also throughout the <a href="/wiki/Sich" title="Sich">Sich</a>. All through the autumn of 1647, Khmelnytsky travelled from one regiment to another and had numerous consultations with different Cossack leaders throughout Ukraine. His activity raised the suspicions of Polish authorities already used to Cossack revolts, and he was promptly arrested. <a href="/wiki/Polkovnyk" class="mw-redirect" title="Polkovnyk">Polkovnyk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a>) <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Krychevsky" title="Mykhailo Krychevsky">Mykhailo Krychevsky</a> assisted Khmelnytsky in his escape, and with a group of supporters he headed for the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Zaporozhian Sich</a>. </p><p>The Cossacks were already on the brink of a new rebellion as plans for the new war with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> advanced by the Polish king Władysław IV Vasa were cancelled by the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>. Cossacks were gearing up to resume their traditional and lucrative attacks on the Ottoman Empire (in the first quarter of the 17th century they raided the Black Sea shores almost annually), as they greatly resented being prevented from the pirate activities by the peace treaties between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. Rumors about the emerging hostilities with "the infidels" were greeted with joy, and the news that there was to be no raiding after all was explosive in itself.<sup id="cite_ref-davies_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davies-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Cossack rebellion might have fizzled in the same manner as the great rebellions of 1637–1638 but for the strategies of Khmelnytsky. Having taken part in the 1637 rebellion, he realized that Cossacks, while having an excellent infantry, could not hope to match the Polish cavalry, which was possibly the best in Europe at the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, combining Cossack infantry with <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatar</a> cavalry could provide a balanced military force and give the Cossacks a chance to beat the Polish army. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginning">Beginning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beginning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Special:EditPage/Khmelnytsky Uprising">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Cossacks" title="Category:Cossacks">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Zaporozhian Cossacks write to the Sultan of Turkey" by Ilya Repin (1844–1930)"><img alt=""Zaporozhian Cossacks write to the Sultan of Turkey" by Ilya Repin (1844–1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/180px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/270px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/360px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4122" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks">Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#FFFF99; padding-bottom:0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Cossack_host" title="Cossack host">Cossack hosts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Cossacks" title="Amur Cossacks">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Cossacks" title="Astrakhan Cossacks">Astrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Cossack_Host" title="Azov Cossack Host">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_Cossacks" title="Baikal Cossacks">Baikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Cossack_Host" title="Black Sea Cossack Host">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buh_Cossacks" title="Buh Cossacks">Buh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Line_Cossack_Host" title="Caucasus Line Cossack Host">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Cossack_Host" title="Danube Cossack Host">Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cossacks" title="Free Cossacks">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greben_Cossacks" title="Greben Cossacks">Greben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Cossacks" title="Orenburg Cossacks">Orenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cossacks" title="Red Cossacks">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semirechye_Cossacks" title="Semirechye Cossacks">Semirechye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terek_Cossacks" title="Terek Cossacks">Terek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Cossacks" title="Ural Cossacks">Ural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussuri_Cossacks" title="Ussuri Cossacks">Ussuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Cossacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Cossacks">Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irkutsk_Cossacks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irkutsk Cossacks (page does not exist)">Irkutsk Cossacks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Иркутские казаки">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#FFFF99; padding-bottom:0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> Other Cossack groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albazinians" title="Albazinians">Albazinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_Sich" title="Danubian Sich">Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Cossacks" title="Jewish Cossacks">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekrasov_Cossacks" title="Nekrasov Cossacks">Nekrasov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Cossack_Brigade" title="Persian Cossack Brigade">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks_in_Turkey" title="Cossacks in Turkey">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buryat_Cossacks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buryat Cossacks (page does not exist)">Buryat Cossacks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Бурятские казаки">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#FFFF99; padding-bottom:0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cossacks" title="History of the Cossacks">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registered_Cossacks" title="Registered Cossacks">Registered Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_uprisings" title="Cossack uprisings">Uprisings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khmelnytsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hadiach" title="Treaty of Hadiach">Hadiach Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Hetmanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Colonisation of Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellion" title="Bulavin Rebellion">Bulavin Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_after_the_Russian_Revolution" title="Ukraine after the Russian Revolution">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Cossackization" title="De-Cossackization">De-Cossackization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corps" title="XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps">Cossacks in the SS</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#FFFF99; padding-bottom:0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> Notable Cossacks</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Doroshenko" title="Petro Doroshenko">Petro Doroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Yurlova" title="Marina Yurlova">Marina Yurlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachny" title="Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny">Petro Sahaidachny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachev" title="Yemelyan Pugachev">Yemelyan Pugachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Razin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepan Razin">Stepan Razin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sirko" title="Ivan Sirko">Ivan Sirko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Shkuro" title="Andrei Shkuro">Andrei Shkuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Skoropadskyi" title="Pavlo Skoropadskyi">Pavlo Skoropadskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevich" title="Yermak Timofeyevich">Yermak Timofeyevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vyhovsky" title="Ivan Vyhovsky">Ivan Vyhovsky</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#FFFF99; padding-bottom:0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> Cossack terms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ataman" title="Ataman">Ataman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">Hetman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontusz" title="Kontusz">Kontusz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurin" title="Kurin">Kurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotnia" title="Sotnia">Sotnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseledets" title="Oseledets">Oseledets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papakhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Papakhi">Papakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastun" title="Plastun">Plastun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesaul" title="Yesaul">Yesaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanitsa" title="Stanitsa">Stanitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashka" title="Shashka">Shashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szabla" title="Szabla">Szabla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cossack_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cossack clothing (page does not exist)">Cossack clothing</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="uk:Одяг запорозьких козаків">uk</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Казачья одежда">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack cuisine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#FFFF99; padding-bottom:0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> Cossack folklore</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharakternyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharakternyk (page does not exist)">Kharakternyk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="uk:Козак-характерник">uk</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Характерник">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Mamay" title="Cossack Mamay">Mamay</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cossacks" title="Template:Cossacks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cossacks" title="Template talk:Cossacks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cossacks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cossacks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On January 25, 1648, Khmelnytsky brought a contingent of 400–500 Cossacks to the <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhian_Sich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaporizhian Sich">Zaporizhian Sich</a> and quickly killed the guards assigned by the Commonwealth to protect the entrance. Once at the Sich, his oratory and diplomatic skills struck a nerve with oppressed Ruthenians. As his men repelled an attempt by Commonwealth forces to retake the Sich, more recruits joined his cause. The <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Rada" title="Cossack Rada">Cossack Rada</a> elected him <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">Hetman</a> by the end of the month. Khmelnytsky threw most of his resources into recruiting more fighters. He sent emissaries to <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, enjoining the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Tatars</a> to join him in a potential assault against their shared enemy, the Commonwealth. </p><p>By April 1648 word of an uprising had spread throughout the Commonwealth. Either because they underestimated the size of the uprising,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984176_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984176-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or because they wanted to act quickly to prevent it from spreading,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Commonwealth's Grand Crown Hetman <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Potocki" title="Mikołaj Potocki">Mikołaj Potocki</a> and Field Crown Hetman <a href="/wiki/Marcin_Kalinowski" title="Marcin Kalinowski">Marcin Kalinowski</a> sent 3,000 soldiers under the command of Potocki's son, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Potocki_(1624%E2%80%931648)" title="Stefan Potocki (1624–1648)">Stefan</a>, towards Khmelnytsky, without waiting to gather additional forces from <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremi_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Jeremi Wiśniowiecki">Jeremi Wiśniowiecki</a>. Khmelnytsky marshalled his forces and met his enemy at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zhovti_Vody" title="Battle of Zhovti Vody">Battle of Zhovti Vody</a>, which saw a considerable number of defections on the field of battle by <a href="/wiki/Registered_Cossacks" title="Registered Cossacks">Registered Cossacks</a>, who changed their allegiance from the Commonwealth to Khmelnytsky. The victory was quickly followed by rout of the Commonwealth's armies at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsu%C5%84" title="Battle of Korsuń">Battle of Korsuń</a>, which saw both the elder Potocki and Kalinowski captured and imprisoned by the Tatars. </p><p>In addition to the loss of significant forces and military leadership, the Polish state also lost King Władysław IV Vasa, who died in 1648, leaving the Crown of Poland leaderless and in disarray at a time of rebellion. The szlachta was on the run from its peasants, their palaces and estates in flames. All the while, Khmelnytsky's army marched westward. </p><p>Khmelnytsky stopped his forces at <a href="/wiki/Bila_Tserkva" title="Bila Tserkva">Bila Tserkva</a> and issued a list of demands to the Polish Crown, including raising the number of Registered Cossacks, returning churches taken from the Orthodox faithful and paying the Cossacks for wages, which had been withheld for five years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984178_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984178-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>News of the peasant uprisings now troubled a nobleman such as Khmelnytsky; however, after discussing information gathered across the country with his advisers, the Cossack leadership soon realized the potential for autonomy was there for the taking. Although Khmelnytsky's personal resentment of the szlachta and the magnates influenced his transformation into a revolutionary, it was his ambition to become the ruler of a Ruthenian nation that expanded the uprising from a simple rebellion into a national movement. Khmelnytsky had his forces join a peasant revolt at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pyliavtsi" title="Battle of Pyliavtsi">Battle of Pyliavtsi</a>, striking another terrible blow to weakened and depleted Polish forces. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div style="position:relative;width:400px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation,_grey_(2014%E2%80%932022).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising is located in Ukraine"><img alt="Khmelnytsky Uprising is located in Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/400px-Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/600px-Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="top:56.784%;left:70.833%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sich"><img alt="Sich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Sich</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.163%;left:63.455%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perekop"><img alt="Perekop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Perekop</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:92.442%;left:64.618%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bakhchisarai"><img alt="Bakhchisarai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Bakhchisarai</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.403%;left:50.955%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Korsun.8"><img alt="Korsun.8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/8px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/12px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/16px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Korsun.8</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.985%;left:54.948%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cherkasy"><img alt="Cherkasy" 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style="top:36.047%;left:30.99%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pylavtsi.8"><img alt="Pylavtsi.8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/8px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/12px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/16px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Pylavtsi.8</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.442%;left:13.107%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lviv.5"><img alt="Lviv.5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/8px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/12px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/16px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Lviv.5</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.063%;left:9.115%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zamosc"><img alt="Zamosc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Zamosc</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.272%;left:22.222%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zbarazh.9"><img alt="Zbarazh.9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/8px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/12px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/16px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Zbarazh.9</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.914%;left:48.438%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Loyew.9"><img alt="Loyew.9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dot-yellow.svg/8px-Dot-yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dot-yellow.svg/12px-Dot-yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dot-yellow.svg/16px-Dot-yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Loyew.9</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.272%;left:19.01%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zboriv.9"><img alt="Zboriv.9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/8px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/12px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/16px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Zboriv.9</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.249%;left:32.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bar"><img alt="Bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bar</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.326%;left:18.836%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Berestechko.1"><img alt="Berestechko.1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dot-yellow.svg/8px-Dot-yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dot-yellow.svg/12px-Dot-yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dot-yellow.svg/16px-Dot-yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Berestechko.1</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.869%;left:40.538%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Batih.2"><img alt="Batih.2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/8px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/12px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/16px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Batih.2</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.256%;left:25.955%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zhvanets.3"><img alt="Zhvanets.3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/8px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Legenda_kamieniolom.svg/12px-Legenda_kamieniolom.svg.png 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class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation,_grey_(2014%E2%80%932022).svg" title="File:Map of Ukraine under russian occupation, grey (2014–2022).svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Locations during the Khmelnitsky Uprising: Number=last digit of year; Blue Triangle=Cossack victory; Yellow Dot=Cossack defeat; Circle=siege</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Envoy_Jakub_%C5%9Amiarowski_to_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky,_1648_(J%C3%B3zef_Hilary_G%C5%82owacki,_1840).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Envoy_Jakub_%C5%9Amiarowski_to_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky%2C_1648_%28J%C3%B3zef_Hilary_G%C5%82owacki%2C_1840%29.png/220px-Envoy_Jakub_%C5%9Amiarowski_to_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky%2C_1648_%28J%C3%B3zef_Hilary_G%C5%82owacki%2C_1840%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Envoy_Jakub_%C5%9Amiarowski_to_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky%2C_1648_%28J%C3%B3zef_Hilary_G%C5%82owacki%2C_1840%29.png/330px-Envoy_Jakub_%C5%9Amiarowski_to_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky%2C_1648_%28J%C3%B3zef_Hilary_G%C5%82owacki%2C_1840%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Envoy_Jakub_%C5%9Amiarowski_to_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky%2C_1648_%28J%C3%B3zef_Hilary_G%C5%82owacki%2C_1840%29.png/440px-Envoy_Jakub_%C5%9Amiarowski_to_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky%2C_1648_%28J%C3%B3zef_Hilary_G%C5%82owacki%2C_1840%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Reception of <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John Casimir</a>'s envoy by Khmelnitsky in <a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Khmelnytsky was persuaded not to lay siege to Lviv, in exchange for 200,000 red guldens, according to some sources, but <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky" title="Mykhailo Hrushevsky">Hrushevsky</a> stated that Khmelnytsky did indeed lay siege to the town, for about two weeks. After obtaining the ransom, he moved to besiege <a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a>, when he finally heard about the election of the new Polish King, <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Casimir of Poland">John Casimir II</a>, whom Khmelnytsky favored. According to Hrushevsky <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Casimir of Poland">John Casimir II</a> sent him a letter in which he informed the Cossack leader about his election and assured him that he would grant Cossacks and all of the Orthodox faith various privileges. He requested for Khmelnytsky to stop his campaign and await the royal delegation. Khmelnytsky answered that he would comply with his monarch's request and then turned back. He made a triumphant entry into <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> on <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> Day in 1648, and he was hailed as "the Moses, savior, redeemer, and liberator of the people from Polish captivity... the illustrious ruler of Rus". </p><p>In February 1649, during negotiations with a Polish delegation headed by nobleman <a href="/wiki/Adam_Kysil" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Kysil">Adam Kysil</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pereiaslav" title="Pereiaslav">Pereiaslav</a>, Khmelnytsky declared that he was "the sole autocrat of Rus" and that he had "enough power in Ukraine, <a href="/wiki/Podolia" title="Podolia">Podolia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>... in his land and principality stretching as far as Lviv, <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm">Chełm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Halych" title="Halych">Halych</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became clear to the Polish envoys that Khmelnytsky had positioned himself no longer as simply a leader of the Zaporozhian Cossacks but as that of an independent state and stated his claims to the heritage of the Rus'. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spotkanie_z_Tuhaj_Bejem_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Spotkanie_z_Tuhaj_Bejem_2.jpg/220px-Spotkanie_z_Tuhaj_Bejem_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Spotkanie_z_Tuhaj_Bejem_2.jpg/330px-Spotkanie_z_Tuhaj_Bejem_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Spotkanie_z_Tuhaj_Bejem_2.jpg/440px-Spotkanie_z_Tuhaj_Bejem_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption><i>Meeting of <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tugay_Bey" title="Tugay Bey">Tugay Bey</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Juliusz_Kossak" title="Juliusz Kossak">Juliusz Kossak</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> <a href="/wiki/Panegyric" title="Panegyric">panegyric</a> in Khmelnytsky's honour (1650–1651) explained it: "While in Poland it is King Jan II Casimir Vasa, in Rus it is Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky".<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_o_U_BH_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_o_U_BH-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zbarazh" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Zbarazh">Battles of Zbarazh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zboriv_(1649)" title="Battle of Zboriv (1649)">Zboriv</a>, Khmelnytsky gained numerous privileges for the Cossacks under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zboriv" title="Treaty of Zboriv">Treaty of Zboriv</a>. When hostilities resumed, however, his forces suffered a massive defeat in 1651 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Battle of Berestechko</a>, considered to be one of the largest land battles of the 17th century, and they were abandoned by their former allies, the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a>. They were forced at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bila_Tserkva_(1651)" title="Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651)">Bila Tserkva</a> to accept the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bila_Tserkva" title="Treaty of Bila Tserkva">Treaty of Bila Tserkva</a>. A year later, in 1652, the Cossacks had their revenge at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batih" title="Battle of Batih">Battle of Batih</a>, where Khmelnytsky ordered Cossacks to kill all Polish prisoners and paid Tatars for possession of the prisoners, an event known as the <a href="/wiki/Batih_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Batih massacre">Batih massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the enormous casualties suffered by the Cossacks at Berestechko made the idea of creating an independent state impossible to implement. Khmelnytsky had to decide whether to stay under Polish–Lithuanian influence or ally with the Muscovites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tatars'_role"><span id="Tatars.27_role"></span>Tatars' role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tatars' role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tatars of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a>, then a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_and_tributary_states_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire">vassal state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, participated in the insurrection, seeing it as a source of captives to be sold. <a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding" title="Slave raiding">Slave raiding</a> sent a large influx of captives to slave markets in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996200_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996200-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the time of the Uprising. Ottoman Jews collected funds to mount a concerted ransom effort to gain the freedom of their people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_occupation_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_(union_state_of_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania)_during_The_Deluge_and_Chmielnicki%27s_Uprising.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_occupation_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28union_state_of_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania%29_during_The_Deluge_and_Chmielnicki%27s_Uprising.png/250px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_occupation_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28union_state_of_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania%29_during_The_Deluge_and_Chmielnicki%27s_Uprising.png/375px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_occupation_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28union_state_of_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania%29_during_The_Deluge_and_Chmielnicki%27s_Uprising.png/500px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%9367)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–67)">Russo-Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern Wars</a> diminished the scope of Polish–Lithuanian control.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Cossack_Hetmanate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Location_of_Cossack_Hetmanate.png/220px-Location_of_Cossack_Hetmanate.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Location_of_Cossack_Hetmanate.png/330px-Location_of_Cossack_Hetmanate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Location_of_Cossack_Hetmanate.png/440px-Location_of_Cossack_Hetmanate.png 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Territory gained after the Khmelnytsky Uprising.</figcaption></figure> <p>Within a few months almost all Polish nobles, officials and priests had been wiped out or driven from the lands of present-day Ukraine. The Commonwealth population losses in the uprising exceeded one million. In addition, Jews suffered substantial losses because they were the most numerous and accessible representatives of the <i>szlachta</i> regime. </p><p>The uprising began a period in Polish history known as <a href="/wiki/The_Deluge_(Polish_history)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Deluge (Polish history)">The Deluge</a> (which included the Swedish invasion of the Commonwealth during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a> of 1655–1660), that temporarily freed the Ukrainians from Polish domination but in a short time subjected them to Russian domination. Weakened by wars, in 1654 Khmelnytsky persuaded the Cossacks to ally with the Russian tsar in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pereyaslav">Treaty of Pereyaslav</a>, which led to the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a>. When Poland–Lithuania and Russia signed the <a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Vilna" title="Truce of Vilna">Truce of Vilna</a> and agreed on an anti-Swedish alliance in 1657, Khmelnytsky's Cossacks supported the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Radnot" title="Treaty of Radnot">invasion of the Commonwealth by Sweden's Transylvanian allies</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Commonwealth tried to regain its influence over the Cossacks (note the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hadiach" title="Treaty of Hadiach">Treaty of Hadiach</a> of 1658), the new Cossack subjects became even more dominated by Russia. The Hetmanate entered a new political situation which was far different than in the Commonwealth, and the church was much more subordinate to the tsar there. Russia had a traditional practice of imprisoning as well as executing Orthodox officials, which was foreign to people from the Commonwealth.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the Commonwealth becoming increasingly weak, Cossacks became more and more integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, with their autonomy and privileges eroded. The remnants of these privileges were gradually abolished in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> (1700–1721), in which hetman <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a> sided with Sweden. By the time that the last of the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitions of Poland</a> ended the existence of the Commonwealth in 1795, many Cossacks had already left Ukraine to colonise the <a href="/wiki/Kuban" title="Kuban">Kuban</a> and, in process, were <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">russified</a>. </p><p>Sources vary as to when the uprising ended. Russian and some Polish sources give the end-date of the uprising as 1654, pointing to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pereyaslav">Treaty of Pereyaslav</a> as ending the war;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ukrainian sources give the date as Khmelnytsky's death in 1657;<sup id="cite_ref-history.franko.lviv.ua_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history.franko.lviv.ua-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and few Polish sources give the date as 1655 and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jezierna" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jezierna">Battle of Jezierna</a> or Jeziorna (November 1655). There is some overlap between the last phase of the uprising and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a>, as Cossack and Russian forces became allied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estimates of the death tolls of the Khmelnytsky uprising vary, as do many others from the eras analyzed by <a href="/wiki/Historical_demography" title="Historical demography">historical demography</a>. As better sources and methodology are becoming available, such estimates are subject to continuing revision.<sup id="cite_ref-Musz_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Population losses of the entire Commonwealth population in the years 1648–1667 (a period which includes the Uprising, but also the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%9367)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–67)">Polish-Russian War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">the Swedish invasion</a>) are estimated at 4 million (roughly a decrease from 11 to 12 million to 7–8 million).<sup id="cite_ref-Pogonowski_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pogonowski-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massacres"><span class="anchor" id="Khmelnytsky_massacres"></span>Massacres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Massacres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Batih_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Batih massacre">Batih massacre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hab_batoh_970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hab_batoh_970.jpg/220px-Hab_batoh_970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hab_batoh_970.jpg/330px-Hab_batoh_970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hab_batoh_970.jpg/440px-Hab_batoh_970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Batih_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Batih massacre">Massacre</a> of 3,000–5,000 Polish captives after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batih" title="Battle of Batih">Battle of Batih</a> in 1652.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the Khmelnytsky uprising, magnates had sold and leased certain privileges to <a href="/wiki/Arendator" title="Arendator">arendators</a>, many of whom were Jewish, who earned money from the collections they made for the magnates by receiving a percentage of an estate's revenue. By not supervising their estates directly, the magnates left it to the leaseholders and collectors to become objects of hatred to the oppressed and long-suffering peasants. Khmelnytsky told the people that the Poles had sold them as slaves "into the hands of the accursed Jews." With this as their battle cry, Cossacks and the peasantry <a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">massacred</a> numerous Jewish and Polish–Lithuanian townsfolk, as well as <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a></i></span> during the years 1648–1649. <i><a href="/wiki/Yeven_Mezulah" title="Yeven Mezulah">Yeven Mezulah</a>,</i> the contemporary 17th-century chronicle by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_ben_Moses_Hannover" title="Nathan ben Moses Hannover">Nathan ben Moses Hannover</a>, an eyewitness, states: </p> <blockquote><p>Wherever they found the <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">szlachta</i></span>, royal officials or Jews, they [Cossacks] killed them all, sparing neither women nor children. They pillaged the estates of the Jews and nobles, burned churches and killed their priests, leaving nothing whole. It was a rare individual in those days who had not soaked his hands in blood ...<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jews">Jews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yeven53.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Yeven53.png/450px-Yeven53.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Yeven53.png/675px-Yeven53.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Yeven53.png/900px-Yeven53.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>First edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Yeven_Mezulah" title="Yeven Mezulah">Yeven Mezulah</a></i> (1653): "I write of the Evil Decrees of <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Chmiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yimakh_shemo" title="Yimakh shemo">may his name be obliterated</a>... in (5)'408 to '411 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a>"</figcaption></figure> <p>Most Jewish communities in the rebellious <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Hetmanate</a> were devastated by the uprising and ensuing massacres, though occasionally a Jewish population was spared, notably after the capture of the town of <a href="/wiki/Brody" title="Brody">Brody</a> (the population of which was 70% Jewish). According to the book known as <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Rus">History of the Rus</a></i>, Khmelnytsky's rationale was largely mercantile and the Jews of Brody, which was a major trading centre, were judged to be useful "for turnovers and profits" and thus they were only required to pay "moderate indemnities" in kind.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One estimate (1996) reports that 15,000–30,000 Jews were killed or taken captive, and that 300 Jewish communities were completely destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996350_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996350-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2014 estimate puts the number of Jews that died during the national uprising of Ukrainians to 18,000–20,000 people between the years 1648–1649;<sup id="cite_ref-Chmielnicki-Massacres_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chmielnicki-Massacres-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of these, 3,000–6,000 Jews were killed by Cossacks in <a href="/wiki/Nemirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemirov">Nemirov</a> in May 1648 and 1,500 in <a href="/wiki/Tulczyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulczyn">Tulczyn</a> in July 1648.<sup id="cite_ref-Chmielnicki-Massacres_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chmielnicki-Massacres-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the widespread murders, Jewish elders at the Council of Vilna banned merrymaking by a decree on July 3, 1661: they set limitations on wedding celebrations, public drinking, fire dances, masquerades, and Jewish comic entertainers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stories about massacre victims who had been buried alive, cut to pieces, or forced to kill one another spread throughout Europe and beyond. These stories filled many with despair, led others to identify <a href="/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a> as the Messiah,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contributed in later years to growing interest in <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidism</a>. </p><p>The accounts of contemporary Jewish chroniclers of the events tended to emphasize large casualty figures, but since the end of the 20th century they have been re-evaluated downwards. Early 20th-century estimates of Jewish deaths were based on the accounts of the Jewish chroniclers of the time, and tended to be high, ranging from 100,000 to 500,000 or more; in 1916 <a href="/wiki/Simon_Dubnow" title="Simon Dubnow">Simon Dubnow</a> stated: </p> <blockquote><p>The losses inflicted on the Jews of Poland during the fatal decade 1648–1658 were appalling. In the reports of the chroniclers, the number of Jewish victims varies between one hundred thousand and five hundred thousand. But even if we accept the lower figure, the number of victims still remains colossal, even exceeding the catastrophes of the Crusades and the Black Death in Western Europe. Some seven hundred Jewish communities in Poland had suffered massacre and pillage. In the Ukrainian cities situated on the left banks of the Dnieper, the region populated by Cossacks ... the Jewish communities had disappeared almost completely. In the localities on the right shore of the Dnieper or in the Polish part of Ukraine as well as those of Volhynia and Podolia, wherever Cossacks had made their appearance, only about one tenth of the Jewish population survived.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>From the 1960s to the 1980s historians still considered 100,000 a reasonable estimate of the Jews killed and, according to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Flannery" title="Edward Flannery">Edward Flannery</a>, many considered it "a minimum".<sup id="cite_ref-Flannery_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flannery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Max_Dimont" title="Max Dimont">Max Dimont</a> in <i>Jews, God, and History</i>, first published in 1962, writes "Perhaps as many as 100,000 Jews perished in the decade of this revolution."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Flannery" title="Edward Flannery">Edward Flannery</a>, writing in <i>The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism</i>, first published in 1965, also gives figures of 100,000 to 500,000, stating "Many historians consider the second figure exaggerated and the first a minimum."<sup id="cite_ref-Flannery_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flannery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Martin Gilbert</a> in his <i>Jewish History Atlas</i> published in 1976 states, "Over 100,000 Jews were killed; many more were tortured or ill-treated, others fled ...."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many other sources of the time give similar figures.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although many modern sources still give estimates of Jews killed in the uprising at 100,000<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or more,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others put the numbers killed at between 40,000 and 100,000,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and recent academic studies have argued fatalities were even lower. Modern <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiographic</a> methods, particularly from the realm of <a href="/wiki/Historical_demography" title="Historical demography">historical demography</a>, became more widely adopted and tended to result in lower fatality numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-Musz_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newer studies of the Jewish population of the affected areas of Ukraine in that period estimate it to be 50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Jews_in_Ukraine_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jews_in_Ukraine-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Orest_Subtelny" title="Orest Subtelny">Orest Subtelny</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>Weinryb cites the calculations of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shmuel_Ettinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shmuel Ettinger (page does not exist)">S. Ettinger</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8" class="extiw" title="he:שמואל אטינגר">he</a>]</span> indicating that about 50,000 Jews lived in the area where the uprising occurred. See B. Weinryb, "The Hebrew Chronicles on Bohdan Khmelnytsky and the Cossack-Polish War", <i>Harvard Ukrainian Studies</i> 1 (1977): 153–77. While many of them were killed, Jewish losses did not reach the hair-raising figures that are often associated with the uprising. In the words of Weinryb (<i>The Jews of Poland</i>, 193–4), "The fragmentary information of the period—and to a great extent information from subsequent years, including reports of recovery—clearly indicate that the catastrophe may have not been as great as has been assumed."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994127–128_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994127–128-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A 2003 study by Israeli demographer <a href="/wiki/Shaul_Stampfer" title="Shaul Stampfer">Shaul Stampfer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a> dedicated solely to the issue of Jewish casualties in the uprising concludes that 18,000–20,000 Jews were killed of a total population of 40,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Stampfer_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stampfer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robert_Magocsi" title="Paul Robert Magocsi">Paul Robert Magocsi</a> states that Jewish chroniclers of the 17th century "provide invariably inflated figures with respect to the loss of life among the Jewish population of Ukraine. The numbers range from 60,000–80,000 (Nathan Hannover) to 100,000 (Sabbatai Cohen), but that "[t]he Israeli scholars Shmuel Ettinger and Bernard D. Weinryb speak instead of the 'annihilation of tens of thousands of Jewish lives', and the Ukrainian-American historian <a href="/wiki/Jaroslaw_Pelenski" title="Jaroslaw Pelenski">Jaroslaw Pelenski</a> narrows the number of Jewish deaths to between 6,000 and 14,000".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996201_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996201-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orest Subtelny concludes: </p> <blockquote><p>Between 1648 and 1656, tens of thousands of Jews—given the lack of reliable data, it is impossible to establish more accurate figures—were killed by the rebels, and to this day the Khmelnytsky uprising is considered by Jews to be one of the most traumatic events in their history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994127–128_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994127–128-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the two decades following the uprising the Commonwealth suffered two more major wars (<a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">The Deluge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%9367)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–67)">Russo-Polish War (1654–67)</a>; during that period total Jewish casualties are estimated at another 20,000 to 30,000. </p><p>In Jewish circles, this massacre became known as Gzeyres Takh Vetat, sometimes shortened to Takh Vetat (spelled in multiple ways in English. In <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">גזירת ת"ח ות"ט</span>). This translates to "the (evil) decrees of (years) 408 and 409" referring to the years 5408 and 5409 on the Jewish calendar, which corresponds to the years 1648 and 1649 on the non-Jewish calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrainian_population">Ukrainian population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ukrainian population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cossack_army_in_1648.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cossack_army_in_1648.PNG/250px-Cossack_army_in_1648.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cossack_army_in_1648.PNG/375px-Cossack_army_in_1648.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cossack_army_in_1648.PNG/500px-Cossack_army_in_1648.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Cossack army in 1648.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the Cossacks and peasants (known as <i>pospolity</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) were in many cases the perpetrators of massacres of Polish <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a> members and their collaborators, they also suffered the horrendous loss of life resulting from Polish reprisals, Tatar raids, famine, plague and general destruction due to war. </p><p>At the initial stages of the uprising, armies of the magnate <a href="/wiki/Jeremi_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Jeremi Wiśniowiecki">Jeremi Wiśniowiecki</a>, on their retreat westward inflicted terrible retribution on the civilian population, leaving behind them a trail of burned towns and villages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994128_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994128-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Khmelnytsky's Tatar allies often continued their raids against the civilian population, in spite of protests from the Cossacks. After the Cossacks' alliance with <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> was enacted, the Tatar raids became unrestrained; coupled with the onset of famine, they led to a virtual depopulation of whole areas of the country. The extent of the tragedy can be exemplified by a report of a Polish officer of the time, describing the devastation: </p> <blockquote><p>I estimate that the number of infants alone who were found dead along the roads and in the castles reached 10,000. I ordered them to be buried in the fields and one grave alone contained over 270 bodies... All the infants were less than a year old since the older ones were driven off into captivity. The surviving peasants wander about in groups, bewailing their misfortune.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994136_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994136-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>From Autumn of 1654 to Spring of 1655 during the "Bracław Campaign" Stefan Czarniecki's army with the support of Crimean Tatars murdered 100,000 Ukrainians<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (October 2024)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> some sources even put the number as high as 300,000.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories#Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories"><span title="Material near this tag may use an unreliable fringe source or non-independent unreliable source. (July 2024)">unreliable fringe source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rebellion had a major effect on <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/With_Fire_and_Sword" title="With Fire and Sword">With Fire and Sword</a></i> is a historical fiction novel, set in the 17th century in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Khmelnytsky Uprising. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/With_Fire_and_Sword_(film)" title="With Fire and Sword (film)">With Fire and Sword</a></i> is also a Polish historical drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Hoffman" title="Jerzy Hoffman">Jerzy Hoffman</a>. The film is based on the novel <i>With Fire and Sword</i>, the first part in <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Trilogy" title="The Trilogy">The Trilogy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_(1569%E2%80%931648)#Cossacks_and_Cossack_rebellions" title="History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648)">History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648)#Cossacks and Cossack rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogniem_i_Mieczem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogniem i Mieczem">Ogniem i Mieczem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Wars of national liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge (history)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/With_Fire_and_Sword_(film)" title="With Fire and Sword (film)"><i>With Fire and Sword</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereiaslav_Agreement" title="Pereiaslav Agreement">Pereiaslav Agreement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">powstanie Chmielnickiego</i>; in Ukraine known as <b>Khmelʹnychchyna</b> or <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">повстання Богдана Хмельницького</span>; <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Chmelnickio sukilimas</i>; <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніцкага; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">восстание Богдана Хмельницкого</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611092927/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\C\O\Cossack6PolishWar.htm">"Cossack-Polish War"</a>. <i>www.encyclopediaofukraine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\C\O\Cossack6PolishWar.htm">the original</a> on 11 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft.atitle=Cossack-Polish+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%5CC%5CO%5CCossack6PolishWar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/The-Cossacks">The Khmelnytsky insurrection</a> <a href="/wiki/Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica">Britannica</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewish2005-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jewish2005_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewish2005_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306174634/https://eleven.co.il/diaspora/judeophobia-anti-semitism/14533/">"Khmel'nitskiy Bogdan" <bdi lang="ru">Хмельницкий Богдан</bdi></a> [Khmelnitsky Bogdan]. <i><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia">The Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i> (in Russian). 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eleven.co.il/diaspora/judeophobia-anti-semitism/14533/">the original</a> on 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Khmel%27nitskiy+Bogdan+%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.btitle=The+Shorter+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feleven.co.il%2Fdiaspora%2Fjudeophobia-anti-semitism%2F14533%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chmielnicki-Massacres-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chmielnicki-Massacres_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chmielnicki-Massacres_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chmielnicki-Massacres_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatista2014" class="citation book cs1">Batista, Jakub (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jVqqAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA100">"Chmielnicki Massacres (1648–1649)"</a>. In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). <i>Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 100–101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-926-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-926-4"><bdi>978-1-59884-926-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chmielnicki+Massacres+%281648%E2%80%931649%29&rft.btitle=Atrocities%2C+Massacres%2C+and+War+Crimes%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=100-101&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-926-4&rft.aulast=Batista&rft.aufirst=Jakub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjVqqAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davies-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davies_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davies_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2005" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Norman (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57754186"><i>God's playground: a history of Poland: in two volumes</i></a> (2 ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-12816-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-12816-9"><bdi>0-231-12816-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57754186">57754186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+playground%3A+a+history+of+Poland%3A+in+two+volumes&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57754186&rft.isbn=0-231-12816-9&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F57754186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewish1906-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jewish1906_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Rosenthal" title="Herman Rosenthal">Rosenthal, Herman</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421104126/https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4685-cossacks-uprising">"Cossacks' Uprising"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4685-cossacks-uprising">the original</a> on 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cossacks%27+Uprising&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F4685-cossacks-uprising&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlokhy2006" class="citation book cs1">Plokhy, Serhii (2006). <i>The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 307.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Slavic+Nations%3A+Premodern+Identities+in+Russia%2C+Ukraine%2C+and+Belarus&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Plokhy&rft.aufirst=Serhii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrypiakevych1954" class="citation book cs1">Krypiakevych, Ivan (1954). <i>Bohdan Khmelnytsky</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bohdan+Khmelnytsky&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Krypiakevych&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984176-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984176_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChirovsky1984">Chirovsky 1984</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span>Terletskyi, Omelian: <i>History of the Ukrainian Nation, Volume II: The Cossack Cause</i>, p. 75. 1924.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984178-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirovsky1984178_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChirovsky1984">Chirovsky 1984</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. A. Smoliy, V. S. Stepankov. Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Sotsialno-politychnyi portret. p. 203, Lebid, Kiev. 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_o_U_BH-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_o_U_BH_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240225033812/https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKhmelnytskyBohdan.htm">"Khmelnytsky, Bohdan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine" title="Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\K\H\KhmelnytskyBohdan.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Khmelnytsky%2C+Bohdan&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ukraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3FAddButton%3Dpages%5CK%5CH%5CKhmelnytskyBohdan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSikora2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rados%C5%82aw_Sikora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radosław Sikora (page does not exist)">Sikora, Radosław</a> (3 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historia.wp.pl/title,Rzez-polskich-jencow-pod-Batohem,wid,16653408,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=114cd4&_ticrsn=3">"Rzeź polskich jeńców pod Batohem"</a> [The slaughter of Polish prisoners of war at Batoh] (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rze%C5%BA+polskich+je%C5%84c%C3%B3w+pod+Batohem&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=Rados%C5%82aw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoria.wp.pl%2Ftitle%2CRzez-polskich-jencow-pod-Batohem%2Cwid%2C16653408%2Cwiadomosc.html%3Fticaid%3D114cd4%26_ticrsn%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuda2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Duda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Duda (page does not exist)">Duda, Sebastian</a> (14 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/1,136627,15456961,Sarmacki_Katyn.html">"Sarmacki Katyń"</a> [Sarmatian Katyn]. <i>wyborcza.pl</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wyborcza.pl&rft.atitle=Sarmacki+Katy%C5%84&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.aulast=Duda&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwyborcza.pl%2Falehistoria%2F1%2C136627%2C15456961%2CSarmacki_Katyn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996200-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996200_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMagocsi1996">Magocsi 1996</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrost2000" class="citation book cs1">Frost, Robert I. (2000). <i>The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558–1721</i>. <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. pp. 173–174, 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-06429-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-06429-4"><bdi>978-0-582-06429-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Wars%3A+War%2C+State+and+Society+in+Northeastern+Europe+1558%E2%80%931721&rft.pages=173-174%2C+183&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-582-06429-4&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Robert+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2004" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Timothy (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xSpEynLxJ1MC"><i>The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10586-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Nations%3A+Poland%2C+Ukraine%2C+Lithuania%2C+Belarus%2C+1569%E2%80%931999&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10586-5&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxSpEynLxJ1MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429081026/http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=3926691"><i>Kozackie powstania</i></a> [<i>Cossack uprisings</i>] (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=3926691">the original</a> on 29 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kozackie+powstania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo.php%3Fid%3D3926691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922082044/http://portalwiedzy.onet.pl/57278,,,,kozackie_powstania,haslo.html">"Kozackie powstania"</a> [Cossack uprisings]. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_WIEM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia WIEM (page does not exist)">Encyclopedia WIEM</a></i> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portalwiedzy.onet.pl/57278,,,,kozackie_powstania,haslo.html">the original</a> on 2017-09-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kozackie+powstania&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+WIEM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportalwiedzy.onet.pl%2F57278%2C%2C%2C%2Ckozackie_powstania%2Chaslo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyklopedia.interia.pl/haslo?hid=80321">"Kozackie Powstania"</a> [Cossack Uprisings]. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Interia" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyklopedia Interia">Encyklopedia Interia</a></i> (in Polish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kozackie+Powstania&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+Interia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.interia.pl%2Fhaslo%3Fhid%3D80321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history.franko.lviv.ua-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history.franko.lviv.ua_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203232040/http://history.franko.lviv.ua/yak_r5-1.htm">"Kozats'ka Era: § 1. Kozatsʹka revolyutsiya 1648–1657 rr" <bdi lang="uk">КОЗАЦЬКА ЕРА: § 1. Козацька революція 1648–1657 рр.</bdi></a> [The Cossack Era: § 1. The Cossack Revolution of 1648–1657.]. <i>franko.lviv.ua</i> (in Ukrainian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.franko.lviv.ua/yak_r5-1.htm">the original</a> on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=franko.lviv.ua&rft.atitle=Kozats%27ka+Era%3A+%C2%A7+1.+Kozats%CA%B9ka+revolyutsiya+1648%E2%80%931657+rr.+%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%97%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%AC%D0%9A%D0%90+%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%3A+%C2%A7+1.+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F+1648%E2%80%931657+%D1%80%D1%80.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.franko.lviv.ua%2Fyak_r5-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505213655/https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCossack6PolishWar.htm">"Cossack-Polish War"</a>. <i>encyclopediaofukraine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\C\O\Cossack6PolishWar.htm">the original</a> on 5 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cossack-Polish+War&rft.btitle=encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3FAddButton%3Dpages%5CC%5CO%5CCossack6PolishWar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musz-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Musz_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musz_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuszyńska1999" class="citation journal cs1">Muszyńska, Jadwiga (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629160331/http://www.studiajudaica.pl/sj04musz.pdf">"The Urbanised Jewry of the Sandomierz and Lublin Provinces in the 18th Century: A Study in the Settlement of Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studia_Judaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studia Judaica (page does not exist)">Studia Judaica</a></i>. <b>2</b> (4): 223–239. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studiajudaica.pl/sj04musz.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Judaica&rft.atitle=The+Urbanised+Jewry+of+the+Sandomierz+and+Lublin+Provinces+in+the+18th+Century%3A+A+Study+in+the+Settlement+of+Population&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=223-239&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Muszy%C5%84ska&rft.aufirst=Jadwiga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiajudaica.pl%2Fsj04musz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pogonowski-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pogonowski_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.interaccess.com/%7Enetpol/POLISH/historia/MAPY/1618.jpg">1618 population map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217222629/http://homepage.interaccess.com/~netpol/POLISH/historia/MAPY/1618.jpg">Archived</a> 2013-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (p. 115), 1618 languages map (p. 119), 1657–1667 losses map (p. 128) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.interaccess.com/%7Enetpol/POLISH/historia/MAPY/1717.jpg">1717 map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217222634/http://homepage.interaccess.com/~netpol/POLISH/historia/MAPY/1717.jpg">Archived</a> 2013-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (p. 141) from<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogonowski1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iwo_Cyprian_Pogonowski" title="Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski">Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian</a> (1987). <i>Poland a Historical Atlas</i>. Hippocrene Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88029-394-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-88029-394-2"><bdi>0-88029-394-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland+a+Historical+Atlas&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-88029-394-2&rft.aulast=Pogonowski&rft.aufirst=Iwo+Cyprian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2000" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Anna (2000). <i>Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Westview_Press" title="Westview Press">Westview Press</a>. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-3792-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-3792-5"><bdi>0-8133-3792-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borderland%3A+A+Journey+Through+the+History+of+Ukraine&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8133-3792-5&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922071455/http://izbornyk.org.ua/istrus/istrus05.htm">"Chapter 4"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Rus">History of the Rus</a></i> (in Russian). p. 80. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://izbornyk.org.ua/istrus/istrus05.htm">the original</a> on 22 September 2023. <q>A po sim" pravilam" i obshirnyy torgovyy gorod" Brody, napolnennyy pochti odnimi Zhidami, ostavlen" v" prezhney svobodѣ i tsѣlosti, yako priznannyy ot" Ruskikh" zhiteley poleznym" dlya ikh" oborotov" i zarabotkov", a tol'ko vzyata ot" Zhidov" umѣrennaya kontributsíya suknami, polotnami i kozhami dlya poshit'ya reyestrovomu voysku mundirov" i obuvi, da dlya prodovol'stvíya voysk" nѣkotoraya provizíya.</q> <bdi lang="ru">А по симъ правиламъ и обширный торговый городъ Броды, наполненный почти одними Жидами, оставленъ въ прежней свободѣ и цѣлости, яко признанный отъ Рускихъ жителей полезнымъ для ихъ оборотовъ и заработковъ, а только взята отъ Жидовъ умѣренная контрибуція сукнами, полотнами и кожами для пошитья реестровому войску мундировъ и обуви, да для продовольствія войскъ нѣкоторая провизія.</bdi> [And according to these rules, the vast trading city of Brody, filled almost exclusively with Jews, was left in its former freedom and integrity, as recognized by the Russian inhabitants as useful for their turnover and earnings, and only a moderate indemnity was taken from the Jews in cloth, linen and leather for sewing to the registered army uniforms and shoes, and some provisions for feeding the troops.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Rus&rft.pages=80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fizbornyk.org.ua%2Fistrus%2Fistrus05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996350-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996350_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMagocsi1996">Magocsi 1996</a>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2011" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Mel (Spring 2011). "Catastrophe in Ukraine, Comedy Today". <i>Reform Judaism</i>. pp. 50–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reform+Judaism&rft.atitle=Catastrophe+in+Ukraine%2C+Comedy+Today&rft.ssn=spring&rft.pages=50-51&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Mel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen Armstrong, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_God" title="The Battle for God">The Battle for God</a>: A History of Fundamentalism</i>, Random House, 2001, pp. 25–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubnow1916" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dubnow" title="Simon Dubnow">Dubnow, Simon</a> (1916). <i>History of the Jews in Russia and Poland</i>. Vol. 1. Translated by Friedlander, Israel. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. pp. 156–157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Jews+in+Russia+and+Poland&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=156-157&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Dubnow&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span>. Quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz1981" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, Joseph P. (1981). <i>Judaism and the Gentile Faiths: Comparative Studies in Religion</i>. <a href="/wiki/Fairleigh_Dickinson_University_Press" title="Fairleigh Dickinson University Press">Fairleigh Dickinson University Press</a>. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8386-1707-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8386-1707-7"><bdi>0-8386-1707-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judaism+and+the+Gentile+Faiths%3A+Comparative+Studies+in+Religion&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-8386-1707-7&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Joseph+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flannery-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flannery_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flannery_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Flannery" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Flannery">Edward H. Flannery</a>. <i>The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism</i>, Paulist Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-4324-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-4324-0">0-8091-4324-0</a>, p. 158 and footnote 33, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimont2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Dimont" title="Max Dimont">Dimont, Max I.</a> (2004). <i>Jews, God, and History</i>. Signet Classic. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-52940-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-52940-5"><bdi>0-451-52940-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews%2C+God%2C+and+History&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Signet+Classic&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-451-52940-5&rft.aulast=Dimont&rft.aufirst=Max+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (1976). <i>Jewish History Atlas</i>. London. p. 530.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+History+Atlas&rft.place=London&rft.pages=530&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>, cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss1993" class="citation book cs1">Strauss, Herbert Arthur (1993). <i>Hostages of modernization: Studies on Modern Antisemitism 1870–1933/39</i>. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. p. 1013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-013715-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-013715-1"><bdi>3-11-013715-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hostages+of+modernization%3A+Studies+on+Modern+Antisemitism+1870%E2%80%931933%2F39&rft.pages=1013&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=3-11-013715-1&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span> (footnote 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other 1960s–1980s estimates of Jews killed:<div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogt1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Vogt" title="Hannah Vogt">Vogt, Hannah</a> (1967). <i>The Jews: A Chronicle for Christian Conscience</i>. Association Press. p. 72. <q>In 1648, under the leadership of Chmielnicki, they ravaged the land with fire and sword. Their hatred of the Jews was boundless and they rarely attempted to persuade the unfortunate to convert. These persecutions were characterized by hitherto-unknown atrocities. Children were torn apart or thrown into the fire before the eyes of their mothers, women were burned alive, men were skinned and mutilated. People must have thought hell had let loose all the tormenting monsters that medieval painters had portrayed dragging the condemned to eternal punishment. The roads were choked with thousands of refugees trying to escape the murderous hordes. The famous rabbis of the Talmud schools died by the hundreds as martyrs for their faith. The total number of the dead was estimated at about one hundred thousand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews%3A+A+Chronicle+for+Christian+Conscience&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Association+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubenstein1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Rubenstein" title="Richard L. Rubenstein">Rubenstein, Richard L.</a> (1974). <i>Power Struggle: An Autobiographical Confession</i>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a>. p. 95. <q>In their revolt, the Ukrainians slaughtered over one hundred thousand Jews.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+Struggle%3A+An+Autobiographical+Confession&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBermant1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Bermant" title="Chaim Bermant">Bermant, Chaim</a> (1978). <i>The Jews</i>. Redwood Burn. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-77419-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-77419-0"><bdi>0-297-77419-0</bdi></a>. <q>Thus, when in 1648, the Ukrainians under Chmielnicki rose against Polish dominion the Jews were to bear the main brunt of their fury. Within eighteen months over three hundred Jewish townships were destroyed and over one hundred thousand Jews—about a fifth of Polish Jewry—perished. It was the greatest calamity the Jews were to experience until the rise of Hitler.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Redwood+Burn&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-297-77419-0&rft.aulast=Bermant&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBamberger1978" class="citation book cs1">Bamberger, David (1978). <i>My People: Abba Eban's History of the Jews</i>. Behrman House. pp. 184–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87441-263-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87441-263-3"><bdi>0-87441-263-3</bdi></a>. <q>Under the leadership of the barbaric Bogdan Chmielnitski, they exploded in a revolt of terrible violence in which their anger at their Polish lords also turned against Jewish 'infidels,' some of whom had been used by the Poles as tax collectors... In the ten years between 1648 and 1658 no fewer than 100,000 Jews were killed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+People%3A+Abba+Eban%27s+History+of+the+Jews&rft.pages=184-185&rft.pub=Behrman+House&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-87441-263-3&rft.aulast=Bamberger&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschler1988" class="citation book cs1">Hirschler, Gertrude (1988). <i>Ashkenaz: The German Jewish Heritage</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University_Museum" title="Yeshiva University Museum">Yeshiva University Museum</a>. p. 64. <q>... set off bloody massacres, led by Bogdan Chmielnicki (1593–1657), in which nearly 300,000 Eastern European Jews were killed or uprooted.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ashkenaz%3A+The+German+Jewish+Heritage&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Yeshiva+University+Museum&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Hirschler&rft.aufirst=Gertrude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources estimating 100,000 Jews killed:<div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227112617/http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/religion/judaism/timeline.html">"Judaism Timeline 1618–1770"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/religion/judaism/timeline.html">the original</a> on 27 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2007</span>. <q>Bogdan Chmelnitzki leads Cossack uprising against Polish rule; 100,000 Jews are killed and hundreds of Jewish communities are destroyed</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Judaism+Timeline+1618%E2%80%931770&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fhtdocs%2Freligion%2Fjudaism%2Ftimeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiss2004" class="citation book cs1">Reiss, Oscar (2004). <i>The Jews in Colonial America</i>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. pp. 98–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1730-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1730-7"><bdi>0-7864-1730-7</bdi></a>. <q>The peasants of Ukraine rose up in 1648 under a petty aristocrat Bogdan Chmielnicki. ... It is estimated that 100,000 Jews were massacred and 300 of their communities destroyed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+in+Colonial+America&rft.pages=98-99&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7864-1730-7&rft.aulast=Reiss&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMidlarsky2005" class="citation book cs1">Midlarsky, Manus I. (2005). <i>The Killing Trap: genocide in the twentieth century</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81545-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81545-2"><bdi>0-521-81545-2</bdi></a>. <q>Moreover, Poles must have been keenly aware of the massacre of Jews in 1768 and even more so as the result of the much more widespread massacres (approximately 100,000 dead) of the earlier Chmielnicki pogroms during the preceding century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Killing+Trap%3A+genocide+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-81545-2&rft.aulast=Midlarsky&rft.aufirst=Manus+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (1999). <i>Holocaust Journey: Traveling in Search of the Past</i>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-10965-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-10965-2"><bdi>0-231-10965-2</bdi></a>. <q>... as many as 100,000 Jews were murdered throughout the Ukraine by Bogdan Chmielnicki's Cossack soldiers on the rampage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holocaust+Journey%3A+Traveling+in+Search+of+the+Past&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-231-10965-2&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTotten2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Totten" title="Samuel Totten">Totten, Samuel</a> (2004). <i>Teaching About Genocide: Issues, Approaches, and Resources</i>. Information Age Publishing. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59311-074-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-59311-074-X"><bdi>1-59311-074-X</bdi></a>. <q>A series of massacres perpetrated by the Ukrainian Cossacks under the leadership of Bogdan Chmielnicki saw the death of up to 100,000 Jews and the destruction of perhaps 700 communities between 1648 and 1654 ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+About+Genocide%3A+Issues%2C+Approaches%2C+and+Resources&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Information+Age+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59311-074-X&rft.aulast=Totten&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamcastle2005" class="citation book cs1">Camcastle, Cara (2005). <i>The More Moderate Side of Joseph De Maistre: Views on Political Liberty And Political Economy</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2976-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2976-4"><bdi>0-7735-2976-4</bdi></a>. <q>In response to Poland having taken control of much of the Ukraine in the early seventeenth century, Ukrainian peasants mobilized as groups of cavalry, and these "cossacks" in the Chmielnicki uprising of 1648 killed an estimated 100,000 Jews.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+More+Moderate+Side+of+Joseph+De+Maistre%3A+Views+on+Political+Liberty+And+Political+Economy&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7735-2976-4&rft.aulast=Camcastle&rft.aufirst=Cara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTatz2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Tatz" title="Colin Tatz">Tatz, Colin Martin</a> (2003). <i>With Intent to Destroy: Reflections on Genocide</i>. <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso Books</a>. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85984-550-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85984-550-9"><bdi>1-85984-550-9</bdi></a>. <q>Is there not a difference in nature between Hitler's extermination of three million Polish Jews between 1939 and 1945 because he wanted every Jew dead and the mass murder 1648–49 of 100,000 Polish Jews by General Bogdan Chmielnicki because he wanted to end Polish rule in the Ukraine and was prepared to use Cossack terrorism to kill Jews in the process?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Intent+to+Destroy%3A+Reflections+on+Genocide&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-85984-550-9&rft.aulast=Tatz&rft.aufirst=Colin+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2004" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Mosheh (2004). <i>A Brief History of the Jewish People</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-4402-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-4402-8"><bdi>0-7425-4402-8</bdi></a>. <q>... massacring an estimated one hundred thousand Jews as the Ukrainian Bogdan Chmielnicki had done nearly three centuries earlier.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7425-4402-8&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Mosheh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources estimating more than 100,000 Jews killed:<div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaxman2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Waxman" title="Meyer Waxman">Waxman, Meyer</a> (2003). <i>History of Jewish Literature Part 3</i>. Kessinger Publishing. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-4370-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-4370-8"><bdi>0-7661-4370-8</bdi></a>. <q>This situation changed for the worse in 1648–49, the years in which the Chmelnicki massacres took place. These persecutions, which swept over a large part of the Polish Commonwealth, wrought havoc with the Jewry of that country. Many Jewish communities were practically annihilated by the ruthless Cossack bands, and many more were disintegrated by the flight of their members to escape the enemy... The Jews of the Ukraine, Podolia and Eastern Galicia bore the brunt of the massacres. It is estimated that about two hundred thousand Jews were killed in these provinces during the fatal years of 1648–49.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Jewish+Literature+Part+3&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7661-4370-8&rft.aulast=Waxman&rft.aufirst=Meyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2002" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, Micheal (2002). <i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–1999</i>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 56. <q>...carried out in 1648 and 1649 by the Cossacks of the Ukraine, led by Bogdan Chmielnicki. The anti-Semitic outburst took the lives of from 150,000 to 200,000 Jews.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Reference+to+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1500%E2%80%931999&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarberZuckerman2004" class="citation book cs1">Garber, Zev; Zuckerman, Bruce (2004). <i>Double Takes: Thinking and Rethinking Issues of Modern Judaism in Ancient Contexts</i>. University Press of America. p. 77, footnote 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7618-2894-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7618-2894-X"><bdi>0-7618-2894-X</bdi></a>. <q>Between 100,000–500,000 Jews were murdered by the Cossacks during the Chmielnicki massacres.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Double+Takes%3A+Thinking+and+Rethinking+Issues+of+Modern+Judaism+in+Ancient+Contexts&rft.pages=77%2C+footnote+17&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7618-2894-X&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Zev&rft.au=Zuckerman%2C+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/history/soviet-bloc/chmielnicki-bohdan"><i>Chmielnicki, Bohdan</i></a> (Sixth ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Columbia_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Columbia Encyclopedia">The Columbia Encyclopedia</a>. 2001–2005. <q>After defeating the Polish army, the Cossacks joined with the Polish peasantry, murdering over 100,000 Jews.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chmielnicki%2C+Bohdan&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.pub=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2001%2F2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fpeople%2Fhistory%2Fsoviet-bloc%2Fchmielnicki-bohdan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpector2005" class="citation book cs1">Spector, Robert Melvin (2005). <i>World Without Civilization: Mass Murder and the Holocaust, History, and Analysis</i>. University Press of America. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7618-2963-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7618-2963-6"><bdi>0-7618-2963-6</bdi></a>. <q>In 1648–55 the Cossack under Bogdan Chmielnicki (1593–1657) joined with the Tartars in the Ukraine to rid themselves of Polish rule... Before the decade was over, more than 100,000 Jews had been slaughtered.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Without+Civilization%3A+Mass+Murder+and+the+Holocaust%2C+History%2C+and+Analysis&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7618-2963-6&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=Robert+Melvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScharfstein2004" class="citation book cs1">Scharfstein, Sol (2004). <i>Jewish History and You</i>. KTAV Publishing House. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88125-806-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88125-806-7"><bdi>0-88125-806-7</bdi></a>. <q>By the time the Cossacks and the Poles signed a peace treaty in 1654, 700 Jewish communities had been destroyed and more than 100,000 Jews killed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+History+and+You&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-88125-806-7&rft.aulast=Scharfstein&rft.aufirst=Sol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources estimating 40,000–100,000 Jews killed:<div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasachoffLittman2005" class="citation book cs1">Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. (2005). <i>A Concise History Of The Jewish People</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-4366-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-4366-8"><bdi>0-7425-4366-8</bdi></a>. <q>Finally, in the spring of 1648, under the leadership of Bogdan Chmielnicki (1595–1657), the Cossacks revolted in the Ukraine against Polish Rule. ... Although the exact number of Jews massacred is unknown, with estimates ranging from 40,000 to 100,000 ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+Of+The+Jewish+People&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7425-4366-8&rft.aulast=Pasachoff&rft.aufirst=Naomi+E.&rft.au=Littman%2C+Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldbergSolomos2002" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, David Theo; Solomos, John (2002). <i>A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing">Blackwell Publishing</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-20616-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-20616-7"><bdi>0-631-20616-7</bdi></a>. <q>Even when there was mass destruction, as in the Chmielnicki uprising in 1648, the violence against Jews, where between 40000 and 100000 Jews were murdered ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Racial+and+Ethnic+Studies&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-631-20616-7&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=David+Theo&rft.au=Solomos%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2002" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, Micheal (2002). <i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–1999</i>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 56. <q>A lower estimate puts the Jewish pogrom deaths in the Ukraine, 1648–56, at 56,000.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Reference+to+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1500%E2%80%931999&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jews_in_Ukraine-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jews_in_Ukraine_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stampfer in his article estimates the population at about 40,000; the same figure is given by Henry Abramson in his article on "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Ukraine">Ukraine</a>" (2010), in the <i><a href="/wiki/YIVO_Institute_for_Jewish_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="YIVO Institute for Jewish Research">YIVO</a> Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe</i>. Paul M. Johnson in his <i>A History of the Jews</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mv0grelUicsC&dq=jewish+settlements+in+western+poland&pg=PA251">p. 251</a>) and Edward Fram in his <i>Ideals Face Reality: Jewish Law and Life in Poland, 1550–1655</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RULE5enwigEC&dq=jewish+population+ukraine+seventeenth&pg=PA20">p. 20</a>) give a higher estimate of over 51,000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994127–128-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994127–128_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994127–128_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSubtelny1994">Subtelny 1994</a>, pp. 127–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stampfer-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stampfer_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStampfer2003" class="citation journal cs1">Stampfer, Shaul (2003). "What Actually Happened to the Jews of Ukraine in 1648?". <i>Jewish History</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 165–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022330717763">10.1023/A:1022330717763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=What+Actually+Happened+to+the+Jews+of+Ukraine+in+1648%3F&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-178&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1022330717763&rft.aulast=Stampfer&rft.aufirst=Shaul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996201-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagocsi1996201_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMagocsi1996">Magocsi 1996</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919205029/https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Gzeyres_Takh_Vetat">"Gzeyres Takh Vetat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/gzeyres_takh_vetat">the original</a> on 19 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YIVO&rft.atitle=Gzeyres+Takh+Vetat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyivoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle.aspx%2Fgzeyres_takh_vetat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221100540/https://www.jewishhistory.org/tach-vtat/">"Tach V'Tat"</a>. <i>www.jewishhistory.org</i>. 21 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishhistory.org/tach-vtat/">the original</a> on 21 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishhistory.org&rft.atitle=Tach+V%27Tat&rft.date=2011-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishhistory.org%2Ftach-vtat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Посполитые">Посполитые</a> <a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary" title="Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary">Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994128-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994128_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSubtelny1994">Subtelny 1994</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994136-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubtelny1994136_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSubtelny1994">Subtelny 1994</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Історія польсько-українських конфліктівda</i> (in Ukrainian). p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2da&rft.pages=27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227234343/http://kampodsvoboda.blogspot.com/2017/09/blog-post_25.html">"Stefan Charnets'kyy. Pryspaty ryaboho Sobaku. Spytayte u mertvykh Chuzhyntsiv" <bdi lang="uk">Стефан Чарнецький. Приспати рябого Собаку. Спитайте у мертвих Чужинців</bdi></a> [Stefan Charnetskyi. Put the spotted dog to sleep. Ask the dead Foreigners]. <i>kampodsvoboda.blogspot.com</i> (in Ukrainian). 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kampodsvoboda.blogspot.com/2017/09/blog-post_25.html">the original</a> on 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kampodsvoboda.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Stefan+Charnets%27kyy.+Pryspaty+ryaboho+Sobaku.+Spytayte+u+mertvykh+Chuzhyntsiv+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5+%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkampodsvoboda.blogspot.com%2F2017%2F09%2Fblog-post_25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagocsi1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robert_Magocsi" title="Paul Robert Magocsi">Magocsi, Paul Robert</a> (1996). <i>A History of Ukraine</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-7820-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-7820-6"><bdi>0-8020-7820-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ukraine&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8020-7820-6&rft.aulast=Magocsi&rft.aufirst=Paul+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubtelny1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Orest_Subtelny" title="Orest Subtelny">Subtelny, Orest</a> (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/Ukraine:_A_History" title="Ukraine: A History">Ukraine: A History</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-0591-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-0591-8"><bdi>0-8020-0591-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+A+History&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8020-0591-8&rft.aulast=Subtelny&rft.aufirst=Orest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChirovsky1984" class="citation book cs1">Chirovsky, Nicholas (1984). <i>The Lithuanian-Rus' commonwealth, the Polish domination, and the Cossack-Hetman State</i>. Philosophical Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lithuanian-Rus%27+commonwealth%2C+the+Polish+domination%2C+and+the+Cossack-Hetman+State&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Chirovsky&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSysyn1987" class="citation cs2">Sysyn, Frank E. (1987), "A curse on both their houses: Catholic attitudes toward the Jews and Eastern Orthodox during the Khmel'nyts'kyi Uprising in Father Pawel Ruszel 'Fawor niebieski'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>", <i>Israel and the Nations</i>, pp. xi–xxiv</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+and+the+Nations&rft.atitle=A+curse+on+both+their+houses%3A+Catholic+attitudes+toward+the+Jews+and+Eastern+Orthodox+during+the+Khmel%27nyts%27kyi+Uprising+in+Father+Pawel+Ruszel+%27Fawor+niebieski%27&rft.pages=xi-xxiv&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Sysyn&rft.aufirst=Frank+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosman2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rosman, Moshe (Murray) J. (2003). "Dubno in the wake of Khmel'nyts'kyi". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_History_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish History (journal) (page does not exist)">Jewish History</a></i>. <b>17</b> (2): 239–255. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1022352222729">10.1023/a:1022352222729</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159067943">159067943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=Dubno+in+the+wake+of+Khmel%27nyts%27kyi&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=239-255&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2Fa%3A1022352222729&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159067943%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rosman&rft.aufirst=Moshe+%28Murray%29+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakovenko2003" class="citation journal cs1">Yakovenko, Natalia (2003). "The events of 1648–1649: contemporary reports and the problem of verification". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_History_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish History (journal) (page does not exist)">Jewish History</a></i>. <b>17</b> (2): 165–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022308423637">10.1023/A:1022308423637</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159214775">159214775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=The+events+of+1648%E2%80%931649%3A+contemporary+reports+and+the+problem+of+verification&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-178&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1022308423637&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159214775%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Yakovenko&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohut2003" class="citation journal cs1">Kohut, Zenon E. (2003). "The Khmelnytsky Uprising, the image of Jews, and the shaping of Ukrainian historical memory". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_History_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish History (journal) (page does not exist)">Jewish History</a></i>. <b>17</b> (2): 141–163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022300121820">10.1023/A:1022300121820</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159708538">159708538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=The+Khmelnytsky+Uprising%2C+the+image+of+Jews%2C+and+the+shaping+of+Ukrainian+historical+memory&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=141-163&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1022300121820&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159708538%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kohut&rft.aufirst=Zenon+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSysyn2003" class="citation journal cs1">Sysyn, Frank E. (2003). "The Khmel'nyts'kyi Uprising: a characterization of the Ukrainian revolt". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_History_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish History (journal) (page does not exist)">Jewish History</a></i>. <b>17</b> (2): 115–139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022356306799">10.1023/A:1022356306799</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159327759">159327759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=The+Khmel%27nyts%27kyi+Uprising%3A+a+characterization+of+the+Ukrainian+revolt&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-139&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1022356306799&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159327759%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sysyn&rft.aufirst=Frank+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlokhi2001" class="citation book cs1">Plokhi, Serhii (2001). <i>The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cossacks+and+Religion+in+Early+Modern+Ukraine&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Plokhi&rft.aufirst=Serhii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsch1919" class="citation book cs1">Asch, Sholem (1919). <i>Kiddush HaShem: An Epic of 1648</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Publication Society of America">Jewish Publication Society of America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kiddush+HaShem%3A+An+Epic+of+1648&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society+of+America&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Asch&rft.aufirst=Sholem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhmelnytsky+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4685-cossacks-uprising">Cossacks' Uprising, Jewish Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/horsemusket/korsun/default.aspx">The Zaporozhian Cossack Battle at Korsun</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_Jews_and_Judaism_in_Lithuania_15px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Lithuania" title="Template:Jews and Judaism in Lithuania"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Lithuania" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism in Lithuania"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Lithuania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism in Lithuania"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_Jews_and_Judaism_in_Lithuania_15px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Jews and Judaism in Lithuania</span></a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania" title="The Holocaust in Lithuania">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilna_Ghetto" title="Vilna Ghetto">Vilna Ghetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Ghetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaunas Ghetto">Kaunas Ghetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneriai_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Paneriai massacre">Paneriai massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_partisans" title="Jewish partisans">Jewish partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history_in_Lithuania_and_Belarus" title="Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus">Timeline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilna_Gaon" title="Vilna Gaon">Vilna Gaon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_groups_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Jewish groups in Lithuania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Judaism_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Orthodox Judaism in Lithuania">Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ashkenazi_Jewish_culture_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Lithuania">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hasidic_Judaism_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania">Hasidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breslov" title="Breslov">Breslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chabad-Lubavitch_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Category:Chabad-Lubavitch (Hasidic dynasty)">Chabad-Lubavitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chernobyl_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Category:Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)">Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komarno_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Komarno (Hasidic dynasty)">Komarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koson_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Koson (Hasidic dynasty)">Koson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ruzhin_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Category:Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty)">Ruzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seret_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Seret (Hasidic dynasty)">Seret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veretzky_(Rabbinical_dynasty)" title="Veretzky (Rabbinical dynasty)">Veretzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vizhnitz_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Category:Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)">Vizhnitz</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Synagogues in Lithuania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Synagogues</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Synagogue" title="Kaunas Synagogue">Kaunas Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choral_Synagogue_(Vilnius)" title="Choral Synagogue (Vilnius)">Choral Synagogue (Vilnius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Kenesa" title="Vilnius Kenesa">Vilnius Kenesa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_synagogues_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Former synagogues in Lithuania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Former</span></a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><i>Still standing</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Alanta" title="Synagogue of Alanta">Alanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_%C4%8Ceki%C5%A1k%C4%97" title="Synagogue of Čekiškė">Čekiškė</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beit_Medrash_Hagadol_Synagogue" title="Beit Medrash Hagadol Synagogue">Beit Medrash Hagadol</a></i> (Jonava)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonava_Synagogue_of_Merchants" title="Jonava Synagogue of Merchants">Merchants</a></i> (Jonava)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Synagogue_of_Joni%C5%A1kis" title="Red Synagogue of Joniškis">Red</a></i> (Joniškis)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Synagogue_of_Joni%C5%A1kis" title="White Synagogue of Joniškis">White</a></i> (Joniškis)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trakai_Kenesa" title="Trakai Kenesa">Trakai Kenesa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zamelis_Synagogue" title="Zamelis Synagogue">Zamelis</a></i> (Vilnius)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><i>Destroyed / demolished</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Synagogue_of_Jonava" title="Red Synagogue of Jonava">Red Synagogue of Jonava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_Vilna" title="Great Synagogue of Vilna">Great Synagogue of Vilna</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yeshivas_in_Europe_(before_World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of yeshivas in Europe (before World War II)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Yeshivas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelm_Talmud_Torah" title="Kelm Talmud Torah">Kelm Talmud Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Beis_Yitzchak" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak">Knesses Beis Yitzchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)">Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponevezh_Yeshiva" title="Ponevezh Yeshiva">Ponevezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameiles_Yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Rameiles Yeshiva">Rameiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telshe_Yeshiva" title="Telshe Yeshiva">Telshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Tmimim" title="Tomchei Tmimim">Tomchei Tmimim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lithuanian Jews"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of Lithuanian Jews</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_synagogues_in_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Wooden synagogues in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Wooden synagogues in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wooden_synagogues#Lithuania" title="List of wooden synagogues"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul 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style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Lithuania" title="List of wars involving Lithuania">Lithuanian wars and conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand<br />Duchy of<br />Lithuania</a><br />(to 1795)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(1219%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Lithuania (1219–95)">13th<br />century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania" title="Mongol invasions of Lithuania">Mongol invasions of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a> (1283–1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a> (1340–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1368%E2%80%931372)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)">Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Civil_Wars" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithuanian Civil Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1381%E2%80%931384)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)">1381–1384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1389%E2%80%931392)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)">1389–1392</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vikhra_River" title="Battle of the Vikhra River">Vikhra River (1386)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Crusade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samogitian_uprisings" title="Samogitian uprisings">Samogitian anti-Teutonic uprisings (1401–1409)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1409–1411) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Grunwald (1410)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War</a> (1414)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War</a> (1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashmyany" title="Battle of Ashmyany">Ašmena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz" title="Battle of Wiłkomierz">Pabaiskas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1431–1435)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> (1443–1444) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muscovite–Lithuanian_Wars" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#First_border_war_(1492–1494)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1492–1494</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Second_war_(1500–1503)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1500–1503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Third_war_(1507–1508)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1507–1508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinski_rebellion" title="Glinski rebellion">Glinski rebellion</a> (1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fourth_war_(1512–1522)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1512–1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fifth_or_Starodub_war_(1534–1537)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1534–1537</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> (1558–1583) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory</a> (1577–1582)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War</a> (1563–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1587–1588)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński (1591–1593)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko (1594–1596)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wars_with_Sweden" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Wars with Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Stångebro (1598)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Kircholm (1605)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">1626–1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Swedish Deluge</a> (1655–1660)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rebellions &<br />uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising"> Pavlyuk (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn (1638)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Khmelnytsky (1648–1657)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Berestechko</a> (1651)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Muscovy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">1605–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Klushino (1610)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">1632–1634</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russian Deluge</a> (1654–1667)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottomans &<br />Tatars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Khotyn (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">1666–1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Khotyn (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">1683–1699</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Humenné (1619)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Early" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1697%E2%80%931702)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)">Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> (1700–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1733–1735)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a> (1768–1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1792" class="mw-redirect" title="War of 1792">War of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a> (1794)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_(obverse).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/50px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/75px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/100px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Lithuania<br />partitioned<br />(1795–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> (1803–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> (1812)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uprisings" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1831">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1863">1863</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1905">Revolution of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar Lithuania">Interwar<br />Lithuania</a><br />(1918–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#World_War_II_(1939–1945)" title="History of Lithuania">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a> (1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Soviet_period_(1944–1990)" title="History of Lithuania">Soviet<br />occupation</a><br />(1944–1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Independence_restored_(1990–present)" title="History of Lithuania">Restored<br />Lithuania</a><br />(since 1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template talk:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">Polish wars and conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">General and related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish_Army" title="History of the Polish Army">History of the Polish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Polish_intelligence_services" title="History of Polish intelligence services">History of Polish intelligence services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">List of wars involving Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfare_in_Medieval_Poland" title="Warfare in Medieval Poland">Warfare in Medieval Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/50px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/75px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/100px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Piast dynasty">Piast Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Veletian_War" title="Polish–Veletian War">Polish–Veletian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedynia" title="Battle of Cedynia">Battle of Cedynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1003%E2%80%931018)" title="German–Polish War (1003–1018)">German–Polish War (1003–1018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I%27s_intervention_in_the_Kievan_succession_crisis" title="Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis">Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1028%E2%80%931031)" title="German–Polish War (1028–1031)">German–Polish War (1028–1031)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miec%C5%82aw%27s_Rebellion" title="Miecław's Rebellion">Miecław's Rebellion</a></li> <li>1072 war against <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Siege of Głogów">Siege of Głogów</a></li> <li>1146 war against Germany</li> <li>1156 war against Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mongol invasions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica" title="Battle of Legnica">Battle of Legnica</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellon Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Teutonic War">Polish–Teutonic wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_takeover_of_Danzig_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)">Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1326%E2%80%931332)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)">Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C5%82owce" title="Battle of Płowce">Battle of Płowce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Great War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War (1414)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War (1422)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Priests_(Poland)" title="War of the Priests (Poland)">War of the Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1519%E2%80%931521)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)">Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_the_White%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Władysław the White's rebellion">Władysław the White's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grotniki" title="Battle of Grotniki">Battle of Grotniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">1444 war against the Ottomans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orsha" title="Battle of Orsha">Battle of Orsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1534%E2%80%931537)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)</a></li> <li>Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Polish–Swedish wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">campaign of Stephen Báthory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Battle of Stångebro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Battle of Kircholm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Northern War of 1655–1660</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">The Deluge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danzig_rebellion" title="Danzig rebellion">Danzig rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Lubieszów">Battle of Lubieszów</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1577)" title="Siege of Danzig (1577)">Siege of Danzig (1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Byczyna" title="Battle of Byczyna">Battle of Byczyna</a></li></ul></li> <li>1589 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński uprising</a></li> <li>1593 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_(1609%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)">Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Battle of Kłuszyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Battle of Humenné</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Polish–Ottoman Wars">Polish–Ottoman wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Battle of Chocim (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Battle of Chocim (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">War of the Holy League 1683–1699</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna" title="Battle of Vienna">Battle of Vienna</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1624 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising">Pavlyuk uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn uprising</a></li> <li>1644 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Battle of Berestechko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">War of the Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Polish–Russian War of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)" title="History of Poland (1795–1918)">Poland partitioned</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denisko_uprising" title="Denisko uprising">Denisko uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Prussian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Polish_War" title="Austro-Polish War">Austro-Polish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland uprising (1848)">Greater Poland uprising (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_World_War_I" title="History of Poland during World War I">fighting in Poland</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="First Silesian Uprising">First Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_offensive_(1920)" title="Kiev offensive (1920)">Kiev offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Silesian Uprising">Second Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Silesian Uprising">Third Silesian Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">World War II in Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II"> resistance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Poland during World War II">contributions</a> during World War II</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_uprisings" title="Ghetto uprisings">Ghetto uprisings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">Białystok Ghetto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto_uprising" title="Częstochowa Ghetto uprising">Częstochowa Ghetto uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italian Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Operation Ostra Brama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów uprising">Lwów uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz_Conflict" title="Racibórz Conflict">Racibórz Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation of Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zaporozhian_cossack_uprisings" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zaporozhian_Cossack_uprisings" title="Template:Zaporozhian Cossack uprisings"><abbr title="View this template" 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title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulyma_uprising" title="Sulyma uprising">Sulyma uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising">Pavlyuk uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn uprising</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barabash_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barabash Uprising (page does not exist)">Barabash Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohun_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohun Uprising (page does not exist)">Bohun Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliy_uprising" title="Paliy uprising">Paliy uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1734_Haidamak_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="1734 Haidamak Uprising">1734 Haidamak Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1750_Haidamak_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1750 Haidamak Uprising (page does not exist)">1750 Haidamak Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliivshchyna" title="Koliivshchyna">Koliivshchyna</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641479#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641479#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh94003139">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chmelnického povstání (1648-1654 : Ukrajina)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1236641&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ukrajinské povstání, 1648-1654"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph538781&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810541453005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534744005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\C\O\Cossack6PolishWar">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&oldid=1259693781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khmelnytsky_Uprising&oldid=1259693781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Category:Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1640s_conflicts" title="Category:1640s conflicts">1640s conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1650s_conflicts" title="Category:1650s 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