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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Precursor_to_Korean_Liberation_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precursor_to_Korean_Liberation_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Precursor to Korean Liberation Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precursor_to_Korean_Liberation_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Sino-Japanese_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Sino-Japanese_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Second Sino-Japanese War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Sino-Japanese_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difficulty_gaining_Kuomintang_and_US_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difficulty_gaining_Kuomintang_and_US_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Difficulty gaining Kuomintang and US support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difficulty_gaining_Kuomintang_and_US_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merging_with_the_Korean_Volunteers_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merging_with_the_Korean_Volunteers_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Merging with the Korean Volunteers Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merging_with_the_Korean_Volunteers_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eagle_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eagle_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Eagle Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eagle_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>End of World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Postwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Army ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2n-kok_Kong-ho%CC%8Dk-kun" title="Hân-kok Kong-ho̍k-kun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hân-kok Kong-ho̍k-kun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_de_Corea" title="Ejército de Liberación de Corea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ejército de Liberación de Corea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ارتش آزادیبخش کره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارتش آزادیبخش کره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_de_lib%C3%A9ration_de_Cor%C3%A9e" title="Armée de libération de Corée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Armée de libération de Corée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0" title="한국 광복군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한국 광복군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentara_Pembebasan_Korea" title="Tentara Pembebasan Korea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tentara Pembebasan Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%89%E5%BE%A9%E8%BB%8D" title="韓国光復軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="韓国光復軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%C5%84ska_Armia_Wyzwole%C5%84cza" title="Koreańska Armia Wyzwoleńcza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koreańska Armia Wyzwoleńcza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_de_Liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Coreia" title="Exército de Libertação da Coreia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exército de Libertação da Coreia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Корейская армия освобождения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейская армия освобождения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">Korean Liberation Army</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname" lang="ko">한국 광복군<br />韓國光復軍</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Korean_Liberation_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Korean_Liberation_Army.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Korean_Liberation_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Korean_Liberation_Army.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Korean_Liberation_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Korean_Liberation_Army.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Korean_Liberation_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ku" title="Kim Ku">Kim Ku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Dates of operation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">17 September 1940 – May 1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Korea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="566" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (1940; 1942–1945)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (1940–1942)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">339 to 564<br />3,600 (1943)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allies</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="587" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="566" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Korean Liberation Army</b> (<b>KLA</b>; <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">한국 광복군</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">韓國光復軍</span></span>), also known as the <b>Korean Restoration Army</b>, was the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</a>. It was established on September 17, 1940, in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, with significant financial and personnel support from the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Kuomintang</a>. It participated in various battles and intelligence activities against the Japanese, including alongside the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Second_World_War" title="British Army during the Second World War">British Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a> and with the United States in the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Project" title="Eagle Project">Eagle Project</a>. </p><p>Its commandant was General <a href="/wiki/Ji_Cheong-cheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Cheong-cheon">Ji Cheong-cheon</a> and chief of staff General <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a>, the future first prime minister of <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. The group reached several hundred personnel at its peak. It experienced frequent funding issues, infighting, and difficulty achieving recognition from global powers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910</a>, the Korean Peninsula had been formally annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>. After the brutal suppression by Japanese authorities of the pro-independence <a href="/wiki/March_1st_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1st Movement">March 1st Movement</a> of 1919, thousands of Koreans fled the peninsula. A number of prominent Koreans congregated in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, where they founded a government-in-exile: the Korean Provisional Government (KPG). However, it was not the only Korean independence organization; numerous others formed that often differed by ideology and location.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The KPG went on to conduct various anti-Japanese activities, including a <a href="/wiki/Sakuradamon_incident_(1932)" title="Sakuradamon incident (1932)">nearly successful assassination attempt</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a> Hirohito. After KPG member <a href="/wiki/Yun_Bong-gil" title="Yun Bong-gil">Yun Bong-gil</a> detonated a bomb in Shanghai's <a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_Park" title="Lu Xun Park">Hongkou Park</a> that killed several Japanese military and colonial government officials, the KPG was pursued across China by the Japanese government. Most of them eventually ended up in Nanjing, where the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Kuomintang</a> offered them financial support and protection from the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precursor_to_Korean_Liberation_Army">Precursor to Korean Liberation Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Precursor to Korean Liberation Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The KPG had actually wanted to create an army since 1919. They made various efforts to coordinate with the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Independence_Military_Groups_(1920s-1930s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Independence Military Groups (1920s-1930s)">various Korean guerrilla warfare groups</a> in Manchuria, but lacked the funds and manpower to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim201912–13_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim201912–13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1932, Kim Gu requested to meet with <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, leader of the Kuomintang. One of Kim's main asks at the meeting was assistance and funding in establishing a cavalry training school for the numerous Koreans in Manchuria. Chiang agreed to meet Kim, but was skeptical of the viability of the cavalry school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_542006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They eventually met in May 1933, and Chiang granted permission for Kim to train resistance fighters in the <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Military_Academy" title="Republic of China Military Academy">Republic of China Military Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_542006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, Kim trained 92 students in the 17th Army Officer Training Class of the 4th Battalion (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">제2총대 제4대대 육군군관훈련반 제17대</span></span>), around 30 km north of Luoyang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_542006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kim's class was named and presented as if it were yet another all-Chinese class (the previous 16 classes had graduated only Chinese students), in order to avoid detection from the Japanese. Training covered topics such as tactics, weapons, politics, communication, physical education, riding, and shooting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_542006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They trained with great urgency, as there was a prevailing sense that a second Sino-Japanese conflict and/or World War would erupt within one to two years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_562006_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_562006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He had made a special point of recruiting the armed forces (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">한국독립군</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">韓國獨立軍</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Korean_Independence_Army_(1929)" title="Korean Independence Army (1929)">Korean Independence Army (1929)</a>) of the 1930 Korea Independence Party (different from Kim's party). These fighters had sided with Chinese forces during the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Also in attendance were 20 students of the Joseon Revolutionary Military and Political Officers School (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선혁명군사정치간부학교</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">朝鮮革命軍事政治幹部學校</span></span>) in Nanjing. </p><p>On 9 April 1935, the school stopped after only operating for about a year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_562006_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_562006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the original 92 students, 62 graduated. The school was closed for a variety of reasons, including internal conflicts between left and right leaning members and 21 January 1935 negotiations between the Kuomintang and Japanese governments. Most of the fighters trained here eventually joined the KLA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Sino-Japanese_War">Second Sino-Japanese War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Sino-Japanese War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></div> <p>In early July 1937, the anticipated conflict between the Chinese and Japanese finally began. The KPG made a plan to quickly raise an army to join the Chinese in fighting the Japanese, but they abandoned this within months as they escaped across the country alongside the Kuomintang. They eventually ended up in Chongqing around 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_572006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_572006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Independence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Independence Party">Korean Independence Party</a> established the Korean Restoration Army, which Kim Ku wanted to keep as an independent unit, without obtaining approval from the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiaoyuan_Liu200288_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiaoyuan_Liu200288-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 November 1939, the KPG announced a plan, created by <a href="/wiki/Jo_So-ang" title="Jo So-ang">Jo So-ang</a>, to create an army. Like their failed proposal in 1938, it was wildly ambitious, calling for 110,000 party members, 1,200 officers, 100,000 soldiers, and 350,000 guerrillas raised after four years, totaling 541,200 personnel across six countries. It had an astronomical price-tag of 70.18 million yuan. By contrast, the total budget of the KPG in 1939 was 29,123 yuan. Son Sae-il, a journalist, Korean historian, and former politician, described the plan as "wildly removed from reality", and called Jo and the State Council that approved the plan "hopeless utopians".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_592007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once Kim took the reins of creating the army, he took a more realist approach. </p><p>On 11 April 1940, Chiang approved Kim's proposal for creating a KPG army, albeit with funding granted only depending on immediate needs. However, a disagreement between the Kuomintang and Kim arose, as Chiang wanted the army to be subordinate to the Kuomintang army, and Kim wanted greater independence in order to establish the army's credibility and legitimacy. The Kuomintang pulled out of the deal, refusing to provide funding. Kim moved forward anyway with creating the army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_592007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea_Independence_Army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Korea_Independence_Army.jpg/220px-Korea_Independence_Army.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Korea_Independence_Army.jpg/330px-Korea_Independence_Army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Korea_Independence_Army.jpg/440px-Korea_Independence_Army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>The inauguration of the Korean Liberation Army (17 September 1940)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 September 1940, the formal establishment of the Korean Liberation Army (KLA) was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General <a href="/wiki/Ji_Cheong-cheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Cheong-cheon">Ji Cheong-cheon</a> was to be its commander. They held a grand ceremony at then-luxurious Jialing Hotel (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">嘉陵賓館</span>), in order to establish the army's credibility and reputation. It was held early in the morning, at 6am, as to avoid Japanese air raids. Over 200 people were in attendance, including foreign ambassadors and Kuomintang officials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_592007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The KLA became a rallying point for the Korean-American community, and donations came in greater volume. The San Francisco-based <i><a href="/wiki/Sinhan_Minbo" title="Sinhan Minbo">Sinhan Minbo</a></i> newspaper regularly and prominently reported on the KLA's activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_592007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many in the KLA were adamantly convinced that around 30 million Koreans on the peninsula would eventually rise up against the Japanese and support the KLA's cause.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_622007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_622007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 November, the army was held in rear areas but, to a limited extent, engaged in propaganda, intelligence, and guerrilla activities. However, the KLA announced their intent to switch from guerrilla warfare to conventional battle. They also moved their headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a> around this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, they began conducting covert operations, recruiting youths, and publishing Chinese and Korean language newsletters. By 1 January 1941, they created five divisions, with over 100 people in the fifth division alone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_612007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_612007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1943, their numbers grew to 3,600 troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichael_Edson_Robinson200786_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichael_Edson_Robinson200786-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Difficulty_gaining_Kuomintang_and_US_support">Difficulty gaining Kuomintang and US support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Difficulty gaining Kuomintang and US support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The KLA had a strained relationship with the Kuomintang for much of its history, due to disagreements over authority and funding. The Kuomintang put off formally recognizing the KLA for months and providing support for even longer. The KLA was growing rapidly, as hundreds of Koreans from all over China flocked to join, but the soldiers were sitting idle and underfunded. In February 1941, the Kuomintang even ordered its armed forces to block or restrict KLA activities. However, they began easing up around March, and by 28 May 1941, formally recognized the KLA. The Regulation Regarding the Activities of the Korean Liberation Army, imposed by the Kuomintang upon the KPG in 1941, placed the KLA under the supreme authority of the commander-in-chief of the Chinese Army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But aid was still slow to come.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_612007_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_612007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One reason for this delay was Kim Won-bong's interference, as he naturally viewed the KLA as competition, especially because the Volunteers Army was subordinate to the Kuomintang and the KLA was more politically aligned with the Kuomintang. Another reason was concern about international pushback, particularly from the United States and the Soviet Union, by approving the KLA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_622007_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_622007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US government hesitated on approving not just the KLA, but also the KPG. Kim sent multiple letters to <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> asking for the establishment of formal KPG-US ties, including one sent via President Roosevelt's son, <a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt">James Roosevelt</a>, who visited Chongqing in July. But these were all ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_612007_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_612007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Especially after the December 1941 <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, many in the US government were actually open to supporting Korean independence, but were cautious because of how it could impact the Pacific War, how it could cause other independence movements to demand US support, and because of the internal political division amongst Koreans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_642007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_642007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, around December 1941, the KPG declared war on Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 April 1942, the Kuomintang informed the US that it wished to solely recognize the KPG, and asked if the US would too. However, the US rejected this request in early May. As a result, the Kuomintang also abandoned this.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_642007_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_642007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merging_with_the_Korean_Volunteers_Army">Merging with the Korean Volunteers Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Merging with the Korean Volunteers Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1942, Kim became aware that the Kuomintang had been privately negotiating with his left-leaning rival <a href="/wiki/Kim_Won-bong" title="Kim Won-bong">Kim Won-bong</a> to absorb the two dozen officers of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선의용대</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">朝鮮義勇隊</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Chongqing into the KLA. Kim Won-bong relented to this, on the condition that he become the Deputy Commander (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">부사령</span></span>), a position that did not yet exist in the KLA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_642007_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_642007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 May, the KPG relented and approved the merger.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the Korean Volunteers Army became absorbed into the KLA. This decision displeased both sides. Kim protested to the Kuomintang in multiple letters, insisting they avoid directly interfering in the KLA's affairs. Kim Won-bong reportedly cried and drank all night on 15 May, and delayed taking up his position until 5 December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJo1995267_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJo1995267-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Inaugurated1942_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Inaugurated1942-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Speech1942_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Speech1942-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kim Won-bong's relationship to the KPG would continue to be strained, even as he was elected as head of the Armed Forces on 11 April 1944. This position was notably weakened, and he would continue to be excluded in other ways. </p><p>In an effort to gain greater control over the KLA, the Kuomintang quickly began reducing funding and placing numerous Chinese officers in vacant KLA administration positions. This effectively made any significant military activities impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_652007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_652007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The KLA sent troops to fight alongside the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_Theatre_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="South-East Asian Theatre of World War II">South-East Asian Theatre of World War II</a> by the request of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_692007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as they needed Japanese speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim201799_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim201799-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 August 1943, nine KLA personnel were sent to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander" title="Supreme Allied Commander">Supreme Allied Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Louis Mountbatten</a> requested more troops, so the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Kuomintang</a> reluctantly arranged for 16 more KLA personnel to go, but this was delayed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_692007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soldiers were deployed on the outskirts of Burma and India (especially the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Battle of Imphal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eagle_Project">Eagle Project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eagle Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Project" title="Eagle Project">Eagle Project</a></div> <p>Finally, on 1 May 1945, after a few months of negotiations, the KPG gained full control over the KLA under an agreement with the Kuomintang entitled <i>Measures to Aid the Korean Liberation Army</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">원조한국광복군판법</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">援助韓國光復軍辦法</span></span>). The agreement also specified that the Kuomintang would fund KLA operations by loaning funds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_692007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Culture_KLA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culture_KLA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This effectively allowed the KLA to more freely collaborate with other Allied countries. </p><p>Beginning in late 1944, KLA officials began discussing cooperation with agents from the US <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS). While there was a prevailing sentiment that the Allies would win the war, they expected the war with Japan to last at least another full year and possibly involve an invasion of Korea and mainland Japan. Thus, the KLA sought to offer its services to the OSS in exchange for improved status of the KPG after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_692007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStreifer201234_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStreifer201234-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1944, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a>, then Chief of Staff of the KLA, met with <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> Joseph Dickey of the US <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Service_(United_States)" title="Military Intelligence Service (United States)">Military Intelligence Service</a> in Chongqing.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee then met with OSS Agent <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">Captain</a> Clyde Bailey Sargent, who was fluent in Chinese and a former professor at <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University" title="Chengdu University">Chengdu University</a>. Sargent then suggested to the head of the OSS <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a> that the OSS collaborate with the KLA. An agreement to collaborate was reached in October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStreifer201233_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStreifer201233-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 February, the OSS finished planning the Eagle Project (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">독수리작전</span></span>), and it was approved by US military headquarters on 13 March.<sup id="cite_ref-Culture_KLA_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culture_KLA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_702008_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_702008-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_World_War_II">End of World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: End of World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></div> <p>The KLA prepared for the Eagle Project, and expected to depart to Korea on August 20, with General Lee in command. </p><p>However, the surprise of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> interrupted the progress of the mission. The <a href="/wiki/Jewel_Voice_Broadcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewel Voice Broadcast">declaration of Japan's intent to surrender on August 15</a> threw the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a> into chaos, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> continued its attacks. The <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> quickly overwhelmed Japanese forces and gained the north of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>, but the US landed in the South and accepted the formal surrender of Japanese forces in the south, marking the division of the Korean Peninsula into de facto spheres of influence between the Americans and the Soviets. <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean independence">Korean independence</a> was reaffirmed in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a>. With Japanese colonial rule over Korea having ended, the KLA disbanded in June 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar">Postwar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Korean Liberation Army">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The members of the KLA returned to Korea during late 1945 and 1946. Many of its members, including Generals Ji and Lee, became part of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">Government of the Republic of Korea</a> and some Generals and Commissioned officers participated to form the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">ROK Armed Forces</a>. </p><p>There has been a movement in South Korea for years to change the National Armed Forces Day from October 1 to September 17 in honour of the foundation of the Korean Liberation Army in 1941. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Army_ranks">Army ranks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Army ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="37"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="37"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="37"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="37"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="37"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="37"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/File:%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%95%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%95%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/100px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%95%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%95%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/150px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%95%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%95%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="86" /></a></span></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span style="display: 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data-file-height="85" /></a></span></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span style="display: inline-block; transform: rotate(270deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/100px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/150px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="86" /></a></span></span> </td> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">정장</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Jeongjang</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">부장</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Bujang</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">참장</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Chamjang</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">정령</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Jeonglyeong</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">중령</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Junglyeong</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">참령</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Chamlyeong</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">정위</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Jeongwi</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">부위</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Buwi</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">부사</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Busa</i></span> </td> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="1"> </th> <th colspan="1">Warrant officer </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Insignia </th> <td><span style="display: inline-block; transform: rotate(270deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%80%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%80%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/100px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%80%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%80%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/150px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%80%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%80%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Korean </th> <td colspan="1"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">준위</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Junwi" class="mw-redirect" title="Junwi">Junwi</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>English translation </th> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Warrant Officer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; color:inherit; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="566" /></span></span></span> Korean Liberation Army</b> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B3%B5%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%95%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/75px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/100px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="83" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/50px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/75px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/100px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="67" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%BC%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/75px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%BC%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%BC%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/100px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%BC%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="112" data-file-height="85" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/50px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/75px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG/100px-%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%B1%EB%B3%91_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9E%A5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="58" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">특무상사</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shi_(rank)#South_Korea" title="Shi (rank)">Teugmusangsa</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">상사</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shi_(rank)#South_Korea" title="Shi (rank)">Sangsa</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">중사</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shi_(rank)#South_Korea" title="Shi (rank)">Jungsa</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">하사</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shi_(rank)#South_Korea" title="Shi (rank)">Hasa</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">상등병</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bing_(rank)#Korean_variant" title="Bing (rank)">Sangdeungbyeong</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">일등병</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bing_(rank)#Korean_variant" title="Bing (rank)">Ildeungbyeong</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이등병</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bing_(rank)#Korean_variant" title="Bing (rank)">Ideungbyeong</a></i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KLA_Soldier.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="KLA Soldier"><img alt="KLA Soldier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KLA_Soldier.JPG/120px-KLA_Soldier.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KLA_Soldier.JPG/180px-KLA_Soldier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KLA_Soldier.JPG/240px-KLA_Soldier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="321" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">KLA Soldier</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0,_%EB%AF%B8_OSS_%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%90.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lee Beom-seok with Korean Liberation Army and OSS agents."><img alt="Lee Beom-seok with Korean Liberation Army and OSS agents." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%2C_%EB%AF%B8_OSS_%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%90.jpg/120px-%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%2C_%EB%AF%B8_OSS_%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%90.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%2C_%EB%AF%B8_OSS_%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%90.jpg/180px-%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%2C_%EB%AF%B8_OSS_%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%90.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%2C_%EB%AF%B8_OSS_%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%90.jpg/240px-%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%2C_%EB%AF%B8_OSS_%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%90.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(Prime_Minister)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Beom-seok (Prime Minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> with Korean Liberation Army and <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a> <a href="/wiki/Secret_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret agent">agents</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_site_of_Korean_Liberation_Army_headquarter_(Wide).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Korean Liberation Army headquarter in Chongqing"><img alt="Former Korean Liberation Army headquarter in Chongqing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Former_site_of_Korean_Liberation_Army_headquarter_%28Wide%29.jpg/120px-Former_site_of_Korean_Liberation_Army_headquarter_%28Wide%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Former_site_of_Korean_Liberation_Army_headquarter_%28Wide%29.jpg/180px-Former_site_of_Korean_Liberation_Army_headquarter_%28Wide%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Former_site_of_Korean_Liberation_Army_headquarter_%28Wide%29.jpg/240px-Former_site_of_Korean_Liberation_Army_headquarter_%28Wide%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3650" data-file-height="2738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former Korean Liberation Army headquarter in Chongqing</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_militant_Korean_independence_activist_organizations" title="List of militant Korean independence activist organizations">List of militant Korean independence activist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Corps" title="Korean Volunteer Corps">Korean Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Righteous army">Righteous army</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Different army from the <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_faction" title="Yan'an faction">Yan'an faction</a> army that eventually became led by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dickey was one of the planners of the Dixie Mission, which investigated whether the US should cooperate with the Chinese Communist Party. Dickey reportedly took interested in Lee's request and suggested he visit Washington. Kim began arranging Lee's trip to the US, but the trip never occurred.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaver_KLA_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaver_KLA">Naver KLA</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPark" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Park, Chan-Seung. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=62049&docId=2829596&categoryId=62049&anchorTarget=TABLE_OF_CONTENT1">"책머리에, 한국 독립운동사를 어떻게 볼 것인가"</a> [How to View Korean Independence Movement History]. <i>terms.naver.com</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=terms.naver.com&rft.atitle=%EC%B1%85%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90%2C+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%82%AC%EB%A5%BC+%EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C+%EB%B3%BC+%EA%B2%83%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Chan-Seung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.naver%3Fcid%3D62049%26docId%3D2829596%26categoryId%3D62049%26anchorTarget%3DTABLE_OF_CONTENT1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, Se-yeong (2019-08-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20190829007600508">"[Y스페셜] 임정로드를 가다…난징ㆍ충칭의 독립운동 숨결"</a> [Going to Imjeong Road...The Breath of the Independence Movement in Nanjing and Chongqing]. <i><a href="/wiki/Yonhap_News_Agency" title="Yonhap News Agency">Yonhap News Agency</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yonhap+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%5BY%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%85%9C%5D+%EC%9E%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%BC+%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%A4%E2%80%A6%EB%82%9C%EC%A7%95%E3%86%8D%EC%B6%A9%EC%B9%AD%EC%9D%98+%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99+%EC%88%A8%EA%B2%B0&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Se-yeong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FMYH20190829007600508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim201912–13-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim201912–13_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2019">Kim (2019)</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_542006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_542006_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_542006">Son 54 (2006)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeline-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeline_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimeline">Timeline</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_562006-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_562006_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_562006_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_562006">Son 56 (2006)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_572006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_572006_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_572006">Son 57 (2006)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiaoyuan_Liu200288-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiaoyuan_Liu200288_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFXiaoyuan_Liu2002">Xiaoyuan Liu 2002</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_592007-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_592007_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_592007">Son 59 (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_622007-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_622007_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_622007_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_622007">Son 62 (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_612007-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_612007_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_612007_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_612007_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_612007">Son 61 (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichael_Edson_Robinson200786-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichael_Edson_Robinson200786_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichael_Edson_Robinson2007">Michael Edson Robinson 2007</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_642007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_642007_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_642007_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_642007_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_642007">Son 64 (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJo1995267-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJo1995267_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJo1995">Jo (1995)</a>, pp. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Inaugurated1942-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Inaugurated1942_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeneral_Inaugurated1942">General Inaugurated (1942)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Speech1942-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeneral_Speech1942_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeneral_Speech1942">General Speech (1942)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_652007-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_652007_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_652007">Son 65 (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_692007-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_692007_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_692007">Son 69 (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim201799-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim201799_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2017">Kim (2017)</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Culture_KLA-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Culture_KLA_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Culture_KLA_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0005134">"한국광복군 (韓國光復軍)"</a> [Korean Liberation Army], <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0+%28%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%89%E5%BE%A9%E8%BB%8D%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FArticle%2FE0005134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStreifer201234-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStreifer201234_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStreifer2012">Streifer (2012)</a>, pp. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStreifer201233-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStreifer201233_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStreifer2012">Streifer (2012)</a>, pp. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESon_702008-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESon_702008_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSon_702008">Son 70 (2008)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Liberation_Army&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2019" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kim, Byeong-gi (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yes24.com/Product/Goods/70239229"><i>대한민국 임시정부사</i></a> [<i>History of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</i>] (in Korean), 이학사 (published 11 March 2019), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788961473361" title="Special:BookSources/9788961473361"><bdi>9788961473361</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD+%EC%9E%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC&rft.pub=%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%99%EC%82%AC&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9788961473361&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Byeong-gi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yes24.com%2FProduct%2FGoods%2F70239229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2017" class="citation cs2">Kim, Robert S. (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZZrDgAAQBAJ"><i>Project Eagle: The American Christians of North Korea in World War II</i></a>, U of Nebraska Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61234-930-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61234-930-5"><bdi>978-1-61234-930-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Project+Eagle%3A+The+American+Christians+of+North+Korea+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-61234-930-5&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZZrDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJo1995" class="citation cs2">Jo, Dong-geol (6 February 1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yes24.com/Product/Goods/96520410"><i>독립군의 길따라 대륙을 가다</i></a> [<i>Following the Path of the Independence Army to the Continent</i>], 지식산업사<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EA%B5%B0%EC%9D%98+%EA%B8%B8%EB%94%B0%EB%9D%BC+%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%EC%9D%84+%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%A4&rft.pub=%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%EC%82%AC&rft.date=1995-02-06&rft.aulast=Jo&rft.aufirst=Dong-geol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yes24.com%2FProduct%2FGoods%2F96520410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Journal and newspaper articles</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreifer2012" class="citation cs2">Streifer, Bill (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26201981">"The OSS in Korea: Operation Eagle"</a>, <i>American Intelligence Journal</i>, <b>30</b> (1), National Military Intelligence Foundation: 33–38, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26201981">26201981</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon_592007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Son, Sae-il (2 February 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?nNewsNumb=200702100072">"孫世一의 비교 評傳 (59) 한국 민족주의의 두 類型 - 李承晩과 金九"</a> [Son Sae-il's Comparative Critical Biography (59) Korean Democracy's Two Paradigms - Syngman Rhee and Kim Gu], <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Chosun" title="Monthly Chosun">Monthly Chosun</a></i> (in Korean) (published February 2007)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span 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Critical Biography (61) Korean Democracy's Two Paradigms - Syngman Rhee and Kim Gu], <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Chosun" title="Monthly Chosun">Monthly Chosun</a></i> (in Korean) (published April 2007)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Chosun&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%EC%9D%98+%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90+%E8%A9%95%E5%82%B3+%2861%29+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%98+%EB%91%90+%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B+-+%E6%9D%8E%E6%89%BF%E6%99%A9%EA%B3%BC+%E9%87%91%E4%B9%9D&rft.date=2007-04-08&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Sae-il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonthly.chosun.com%2Fclient%2Fnews%2Fviw.asp%3Fctcd%3D%26nNewsNumb%3D200704100068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon_622007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Son, Sae-il (May 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=200705100071">"孫世一의 비교 評傳 (62) 한국 민족주의의 두 類型 - 李承晩과 金九"</a> [Son Sae-il's Comparative Critical Biography (62) Korean Democracy's Two Paradigms - Syngman Rhee and Kim Gu], <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Chosun" title="Monthly Chosun">Monthly Chosun</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Chosun&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%EC%9D%98+%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90+%E8%A9%95%E5%82%B3+%2862%29+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%98+%EB%91%90+%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B+-+%E6%9D%8E%E6%89%BF%E6%99%A9%EA%B3%BC+%E9%87%91%E4%B9%9D&rft.date=2007-05&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Sae-il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonthly.chosun.com%2Fclient%2Fnews%2Fviw.asp%3Fctcd%3D%26nNewsNumb%3D200705100071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon_642007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Son, Sae-il (2 July 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=200707100074">"孫世一의 비교 評傳 (64) 한국 민족주의의 두 類型 - 李承晩과 金九"</a> [Son Sae-il's Comparative Critical Biography (64) Korean Democracy's Two Paradigms - Syngman Rhee and Kim Gu], <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Chosun" title="Monthly Chosun">Monthly Chosun</a></i> (in Korean) (published July 2007)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Chosun&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%EC%9D%98+%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90+%E8%A9%95%E5%82%B3+%2864%29+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%98+%EB%91%90+%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B+-+%E6%9D%8E%E6%89%BF%E6%99%A9%EA%B3%BC+%E9%87%91%E4%B9%9D&rft.date=2007-07-02&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Sae-il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonthly.chosun.com%2Fclient%2Fnews%2Fviw.asp%3Fctcd%3D%26nNewsNumb%3D200707100074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon_652007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Son, Sae-il (2 August 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=200708100072">"孫世一의 비교 評傳 (65) 한국 민족주의의 두 類型 - 李承晩과 金九"</a> [Son Sae-il's Comparative Critical Biography (65) Korean Democracy's Two Paradigms - Syngman Rhee and Kim Gu], <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Chosun" title="Monthly Chosun">Monthly Chosun</a></i> (in Korean) (published August 2007)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Chosun&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%EC%9D%98+%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90+%E8%A9%95%E5%82%B3+%2865%29+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%98+%EB%91%90+%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B+-+%E6%9D%8E%E6%89%BF%E6%99%A9%EA%B3%BC+%E9%87%91%E4%B9%9D&rft.date=2007-08-02&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Sae-il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonthly.chosun.com%2Fclient%2Fnews%2Fviw.asp%3Fctcd%3D%26nNewsNumb%3D200708100072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon_692007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Son, Sae-il (5 December 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=200712100068">"孫世一의 비교 評傳 (69) 한국 민족주의의 두 類型 - 李承晩과 金九"</a> [Son Sae-il's Comparative Critical Biography (69) Korean Democracy's Two Paradigms - Syngman Rhee and Kim Gu], <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Chosun" title="Monthly Chosun">Monthly Chosun</a></i> (in Korean) (published December 2007)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Chosun&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%EC%9D%98+%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90+%E8%A9%95%E5%82%B3+%2869%29+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%98+%EB%91%90+%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B+-+%E6%9D%8E%E6%89%BF%E6%99%A9%EA%B3%BC+%E9%87%91%E4%B9%9D&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Sae-il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonthly.chosun.com%2Fclient%2Fnews%2Fviw.asp%3Fctcd%3D%26nNewsNumb%3D200712100068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon_702008" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Son, Sae-il (2008-01-07), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=200801100075">"孫世一의 비교 傳記 (70)"</a> [Son Sae-il's Comparative Critical Biography (70)], <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Chosun" title="Monthly Chosun">Monthly Chosun</a></i> (in Korean), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329223225/http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=200801100075">archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Chosun&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%EC%9D%98+%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90+%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98+%2870%29&rft.date=2008-01-07&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Sae-il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonthly.chosun.com%2Fclient%2Fnews%2Fviw.asp%3Fctcd%3D%26nNewsNumb%3D200801100075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimeline" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kimkoo.or.kr/sub/sub02_02.asp">"연보"</a> [Timeline], <i>The Association of Commemorative Services for Patriot Kim Koo</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Association+of+Commemorative+Services+for+Patriot+Kim+Koo&rft.atitle=%EC%97%B0%EB%B3%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkimkoo.or.kr%2Fsub%2Fsub02_02.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Liberation+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Korean_armed_forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Korean armed forces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;23px_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">Republic of Korea Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Korea">President of the Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(South_Korea)" title="Minister of National Defense (South Korea)">Minister of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_(South_Korea)" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_(South_Korea)" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)">Chairman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="Republic of Korea Army">Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="Republic of Korea Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps" title="Republic of Korea Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force" title="Republic of Korea Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reserve components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Reserve_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Reserve_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Reserve_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Reserve_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Reserve_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Reserve_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="993" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Reserve_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Reserve Forces">Reserve Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procurement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Defense_Acquisition_Program_Administration" title="Defense Acquisition Program Administration">Defense Acquisition Program Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Korea" title="Military history of Korea">Military history of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_militant_Korean_independence_activist_organizations" title="List of militant Korean independence activist organizations">List of militant Korean independence activist organizations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean Liberation Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Korea" title="Naval history of Korea">Naval history of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="History of the Republic of Korea Navy">History of the Republic of Korea Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="List of ships of the Republic of Korea Navy">List of ships of the Republic of Korea Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_South_Korea" title="Conscription in South Korea">Conscription in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_(Republic_of_Korea)" title="Military Police (Republic of Korea)">Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_South_Korea" title="Military ranks of South Korea">Ranks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academy and School</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Military_Academy" title="Korea Military Academy">Korea Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Army_Academy_at_Yeongcheon" title="Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon">Korea Army Academy Yeongcheon (KAAY)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Naval_Academy" title="Korea Naval Academy">Korea Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Air_Force_Academy" title="Korea Air Force Academy">Korea Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Nursing_Academy" title="Armed Forces Nursing Academy">Armed Forces Nursing Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Army_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Korea Army Officer Candidate School">Korea Army Officer Candidate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Training_School_ROKAF" title="Officer Training School ROKAF">Officer Training School ROKAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="List of equipment of the Republic of Korea Army">List of equipment of the Republic of Korea Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Republic_of_Korea_Navy_ships" title="List of active Republic of Korea Navy ships">List of active Republic of Korea Navy ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republic_of_Korea_Navy_weaponry" title="List of Republic of Korea Navy weaponry">List of Republic of Korea Navy weaponry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="South Korea and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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