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src="https://0.academia-photos.com/24196294/129332470/118732558/s200_donka.minkova.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Donka Minkova</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/Departments/English_Humanities/Documents">English/Humanities</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Donka" data-follow-user-id="24196294" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" 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class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">The Hebrew University of Jerusalem</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/MartinHaspelmath"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Martin Haspelmath" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/187373/89901/92584166/s200_martin.haspelmath.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/MartinHaspelmath">Martin Haspelmath</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div 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class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24196294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociophonetics"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova","location":"/DonkaMinkova","scheme":"https","host":"ucla.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/DonkaMinkova","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Sociophonetics"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1704056c-7aab-4121-9c0d-588211ff4037"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1704056c-7aab-4121-9c0d-588211ff4037"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24196294" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Five_Personality_Traits"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Big Five Personality Traits"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-65a7b07e-52f8-4592-9dc2-2cf3e9d13756"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-65a7b07e-52f8-4592-9dc2-2cf3e9d13756"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24196294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Memory"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Working Memory"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f12921ee-e9d6-4c39-b912-e6f342e090ba"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f12921ee-e9d6-4c39-b912-e6f342e090ba"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Donka Minkova</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127076154"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127076154/Early_metrical_and_lexicographical_evidence_for_functional_stress_shifts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Early metrical and lexicographical evidence for functional stress-shifts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120862984/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127076154/Early_metrical_and_lexicographical_evidence_for_functional_stress_shifts">Early metrical and lexicographical evidence for functional stress-shifts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>English Language and Linguistics</span><span>, Aug 12, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Only three English diatones, outlaw, rebel, record, out of the current 235-item list in Hotta (20...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Only three English diatones, outlaw, rebel, record, out of the current 235-item list in Hotta (2015), are on record prior to the seventeenth century; the latest record of diatonic outlaw is 1786 (Sherman 1975: 63). Whether this type of functional prosodic contrast was inherited or innovative is controversial. We revisit the Old English metrical evidence for functional stress-shifting and present new attestations of verb-noun pairs in Middle English verse in an effort to establish if the limited inherited stress-shifting model survives, and, if so, whether or how it accommodates the incoming loan vocabulary. The additional verse attestations support the idea of continuity, yet the scarcity of data falls short of statistical verifiability. A search into detailed lexicographical information for 1200-1550 reinforces the hypothesis of continuity by documenting the differential patterns of borrowing of nouns and verbs, prefixed and unprefixed. Taken together, these two sources endorse a proposal that in its earliest stages functional stress-shifting was predicated on prefixation, and that the ongoing conflict between prefixal defooting and ALIGN-L (Root, PrWd) in ME is a necessary component of the diachronic account of English prosody.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bb0233caa67db96275906eee70e68ed" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120862984,"asset_id":127076154,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120862984/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127076154"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127076154"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127076154; 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Pp. xxi + 703","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116109357/Norman_Blake_ed_The_Cambridge_history_of_the_English_language_Vol_II_1066_1476_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_1992_Pp_xxi_703","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116109355"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109355/English_Vowel_Shifts_and_Optimal_Diphthongs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of English Vowel Shifts and ‘Optimal’ Diphthongs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109355/English_Vowel_Shifts_and_Optimal_Diphthongs">English Vowel Shifts and ‘Optimal’ Diphthongs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studies in natural language and linguistic theory</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract. This paper is about four changes occurring on bimoraic peaks in English: nucleus-glide ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract. This paper is about four changes occurring on bimoraic peaks in English: nucleus-glide dissimilation, nucleus-glide assimilation, chain shift, and merger. Although in principle all bimoraic peaks are subject to the same perceptual and articulatory forces, the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116109355"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116109355"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109355; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109355]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109355]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109355; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116109355']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116109355]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116109355,"title":"English Vowel Shifts and ‘Optimal’ Diphthongs","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116109355/English_Vowel_Shifts_and_Optimal_Diphthongs","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116109354"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109354/The_Early_Modern_English_Vowels_More_O_Lass"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Early Modern English Vowels, More O' Lass" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112330596/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109354/The_Early_Modern_English_Vowels_More_O_Lass">The Early Modern English Vowels, More O' Lass</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Diachronica</span><span>, 1990</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background to this controversy Roger Lass has said many kind and flattering words about our gener...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background to this controversy Roger Lass has said many kind and flattering words about our general position on the vowel shift and early modern English pronunciation vis-à-vis his. Furthermore, his explanation of our position on the vowel shift through his clever analogies of the 'Zebra fallacy' 1. and the 'Constellation fallacy' 2 substantially improves on our own explanations of our position: we embrace them unreservedly. In the wake of some of our criticism he has also recently revised his view of what should be officially included as 'the Great Vowel Shift' (Lass, forthcoming), by restricting the core application of the term to the initial raisings and diphthongizations which resulted ultimately in modern English /ay, aw, iy, uw/. 3 A properly gracious response on our part would be to acknowledge the dimensions of his compromise, to allow as how there are similar dimensions on which we are willing to compromise, and to let that be the end of it. But though we are indeed very grateful to Lass, on this score and many others, and though it is clear that there has been considerable reduction of the distance * An early version of this paper was presented at the Present Day English Language section of the December 1989 convention of the Modern Language Association held in Washington, D.C. We are grateful to Garland Cannon, who arranged the program, and to several partici pants who raised questions in the course of the discussion. 1 The fallacy is defined as follows: "There is a (historical) natural kind comprising all (sets of) objects that (by some criteria) look enough alike" (Lass forthcoming, MS p.6). The name derives from the fact that of three types of zebras, all called zebras and looking like zebras, one is biologically a horse rather than a zebra. Surface appearance is not enough to classify the three types together. 2 "Because a set of points in some space can be joined into an 'object' of a definite shape, the object exists" (Lass forthcoming, MS p.8). 3 We use these diphthongal notations as category labels, if nothing else; one category label is as good as another.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="64578c32e3444ad398846ef7a4295065" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112330596,"asset_id":116109354,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112330596/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116109354"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116109354"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109354; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116109345"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109345/Studies_in_the_history_of_the_English_language_A_millennial_perspective_Edited_by_Donka_Minkova_and_Robert_Stockwell_Topics_in_English_Linguistics_39_Berlin_Mouton_de_Gruyter_2002_Pp_vi_496_Hardcover_98_00"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Studies in the history of the English language: A millennial perspective. Edited by Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell. (Topics in English Linguistics 39.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Pp. vi, 496. Hardcover. €98.00" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112330593/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109345/Studies_in_the_history_of_the_English_language_A_millennial_perspective_Edited_by_Donka_Minkova_and_Robert_Stockwell_Topics_in_English_Linguistics_39_Berlin_Mouton_de_Gruyter_2002_Pp_vi_496_Hardcover_98_00">Studies in the history of the English language: A millennial perspective. Edited by Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell. (Topics in English Linguistics 39.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Pp. vi, 496. Hardcover. €98.00</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Germanic Linguistics</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book, which was written as a Habilitationsschrift, began as a study of the so-called Saxon g...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book, which was written as a Habilitationsschrift, began as a study of the so-called Saxon genitive (prenominal genitive) in German, but has come to encompass all the diachronic changes that have occurred in the German nominal system, especially to the left of the noun. The study attempts to give a synchronic analysis of the relationships within the noun phrase from a diachronic perspective. Moreover, data from other Germanic languages are taken into account, especially from English and the Scandinavian languages. All the changes in the German NP are attributed by Demske to a single change in the relationship between articles and nouns, from semantic to a morphologically motivated relationship (320). After the introductory chapter 1, chapter 2 deals with agreement within the nominal system, chapter 3 with possessive pronouns, and chapter 4 with the attributive genitive. The book concludes with some general implications for diachronic syntax. Chapter 1, "Einleitung," gives an overview of previous analyses of the German nominal system, pointing out some of the problems with the NP analysis. Demske assumes the DP hypothesis, which claims that nominal phrases are not projections of nouns but rather of the functional category D(eterminer). The DP analysis overcomes the limitations of the NP analysis and is especially attractive for German, since case, number, and gender are primarily realized on the article rather than on the noun itself. Chapter 2, "Grammatische Merkmale und Relationen," deals with the marking of the features case, number, gender, and definiteness on nouns, adjectives, and articles. First, Demske outlines the inflectional and agreement properties of the noun phrase in New High German (NHG), especially the problems of adjective inflection. Then she discusses some previous approaches within both the generative and the HPSG (head-driven phrase structure grammar) frameworks. Demske brings historical data from Old High German (OHG) and Early New High German (ENHG) into this discussion.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5c96b801de963deaab396692568ee625" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112330593,"asset_id":116109345,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112330593/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116109345"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116109345"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109345; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109345]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109345; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116109345']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5c96b801de963deaab396692568ee625" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116109345]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116109345,"title":"Studies in the history of the English language: A millennial perspective. Edited by Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell. (Topics in English Linguistics 39.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Pp. vi, 496. Hardcover. €98.00","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116109345/Studies_in_the_history_of_the_English_language_A_millennial_perspective_Edited_by_Donka_Minkova_and_Robert_Stockwell_Topics_in_English_Linguistics_39_Berlin_Mouton_de_Gruyter_2002_Pp_vi_496_Hardcover_98_00","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[{"id":112330593,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112330593/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s147054270322031620240311-1-ytc1sh.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112330593/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Studies_in_the_history_of_the_English_la.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112330593/s147054270322031620240311-1-ytc1sh-libre.pdf?1710200116=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStudies_in_the_history_of_the_English_la.pdf\u0026Expires=1740936522\u0026Signature=TLu6KAV7gZ-nXNF8n8onVI~-0-JXVxXZE9oqQvaueAlhJL10fcTq1QFRzN5SSJ6jiaDD1fXnHN355idSm63jYAY7lOgscFJ8rGaXOc1n38UdH74vX8bdKhbmNnVuIc9rZD9gXEIpz~nypYlGfqzXVqHl3xubaGuMKn~BaMY~mmzQO0z3gKtPMWQji6QgbRIu8Uj3YSrkwGqzSG0M4ZNkaxVZpzAYU4wJ1ioiaJxMcshRD4IAVZ5vnE7KxudqLDkRohUIARfXPci-gT6mjF9rsTlNvOSkkmhbYmIXr1F2Thr-8DtuwR2iH46-ZpB9YxuAbLH0eCMplA7S5P-U1I3dNw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111200556"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200556/Perfect_and_Imperfect_Rhyme_Romances_in_the_abab_Tradition"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme: Romances in the abab Tradition" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108800045/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200556/Perfect_and_Imperfect_Rhyme_Romances_in_the_abab_Tradition">Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme: Romances in the abab Tradition</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studies in Philology</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article focuses on a group of Middle English romances composed in four-line stanzas rhyming ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article focuses on a group of Middle English romances composed in four-line stanzas rhyming abab. Surviving examples of this form include Thomas of Erceldoune, The Sowdone of Babylon, The Knight of Courtesy, and the fragmentary Partonope of Blois. Since these romances are from different dialect areas, the verse form appears to have been a popular one in medieval England. Examining the quality of the rhymes in the extant manuscripts, we show that both the original poets and the scribes of these romances were happy to tolerate imperfect rhyme. Two common types of imperfect rhyme, "feature rhyme" and "subsequence rhyme," are discussed, and we provide analogues for such rhymes in medieval and modern song, from nursery rhymes to Latin hymns. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111200555"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200555/Dialect_Rhyme_and_Emendation_in_em_Sir_Tristrem_em_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dialect, Rhyme, and Emendation in <em>Sir Tristrem</em>" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200555/Dialect_Rhyme_and_Emendation_in_em_Sir_Tristrem_em_">Dialect, Rhyme, and Emendation in <em>Sir Tristrem</em></a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of English and Germanic Philology</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111200555"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111200555"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200555; 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200549]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200549]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200549; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111200549']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111200549]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111200549,"title":"The background of English","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111200549/The_background_of_English","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111200540"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200540/The_history_of_n_loss_in_English_Phonotactic_change_with_lexical_and_grammatical_specificity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The history of /-n/ loss in English: Phonotactic change with lexical and grammatical specificity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108800023/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200540/The_history_of_n_loss_in_English_Phonotactic_change_with_lexical_and_grammatical_specificity">The history of /-n/ loss in English: Phonotactic change with lexical and grammatical specificity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folia Linguistica</span><span>, Jul 26, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Old English, /-n/ loss started in early Northumbrian and spread to the southern dialects after...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Old English, /-n/ loss started in early Northumbrian and spread to the southern dialects after about 1050. An important diagnostic of the transition to Middle English, the loss is commonly assumed to be morphologically driven. However, /-n/ loss in atonic syllables could also be phonologically-conditioned: aweġ 'away'<onweġ, abūtan 'about'<onbūtan. In Middle English, the loss proceeded rapidly, but the triggers behind the different rates of change and the different results for the various categories have not been fully explored. Using LAEME, we survey all attestations of /-n/ loss, enriching the empirical database on the change. The findings show significant differences within word-classes, and differences between inflectional and derivational suffixes. This raises a set of theoretical questions: why did only /-n/ inflections lose their codas, why was the productivity of verbal derivational /-n/ phonotactically restricted, what justifies the loss or retention of /-n/ in stems? We look into the interplay of phonological and morphological factors, isolate the sets in which the results appear to be phonotactically driven, and address the phonotactic dimension in relation to other factors, both within and above the word level. In noun plurals, /-n/ loss emerges as the clearest case of avoidance of phonotactically suboptimal sequences at the word level. A statistical comparison of the end-points of the change reveals that overall frequency has stayed constant and has no obvious direct bearing on the process, while the presence of /-n/ as a morphological marker has changed significantly. The paper ends by identifying aspects of the history of /-n/ that remain uncharted.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3d27186323141806cdc3767aa63a6291" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108800023,"asset_id":111200540,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108800023/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111200540"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111200540"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200540; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200540]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200540]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200540; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111200540']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3d27186323141806cdc3767aa63a6291" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111200540]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111200540,"title":"The history of /-n/ loss in English: Phonotactic change with lexical and grammatical specificity","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111200540/The_history_of_n_loss_in_English_Phonotactic_change_with_lexical_and_grammatical_specificity","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[{"id":108800023,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108800023/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"flih-2019-001020231212-1-njymus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108800023/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_history_of_n_loss_in_English_Phonota.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108800023/flih-2019-001020231212-1-njymus-libre.pdf?1702360303=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_history_of_n_loss_in_English_Phonota.pdf\u0026Expires=1740936522\u0026Signature=QwpkIFbPkO46zht13b4ev65~wGCI8HFloilK7CRdHLzbwkXinSrYBq673Hxa~YnyTnHKW5jyGp3O28ewSmNaRqgRz9kyggleykGU1lQrm5bYDLU-0~ZVvH-akXzCKkv4Xlv5Pva6L7n9fSgrX5eoJDbI3KUT-lr49ZATNcnzAZ1jCNOhhg5K6FSAt5IQijs6vikp-SoyjPHEz4o~-MBmAizy1z5di7Ufji8KcFfNMHzi9bZun7Xmx8oN4ER4Xn-3OeMmJun4zVzoB9RI-aGUAfcUd9Hu3napAakKahFy0FyIv0w~lLKhnYiM6zjP3JsktSf377P5OaW8Yu06nBiD~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105784749"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/105784749/Chapter_1_Schwa_in_the_history_of_English"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 1. 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More background: Accounts of schwa loss","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99691101/Chapter_2_More_background_Accounts_of_schwa_loss","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="97373879"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/97373879/Nominal_compounds_in_old_english_meter_and_prosody"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nominal compounds in old english meter and prosody" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99013237/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97373879/Nominal_compounds_in_old_english_meter_and_prosody">Nominal compounds in old english meter and prosody</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What is the lexicon's role in licensing the selection of phonologicallymarked structures in Old E...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What is the lexicon's role in licensing the selection of phonologicallymarked structures in Old English verse? Specifically, what is its role in the avoidance of certain nominal compounds in verse, even though the same compounds are used apparently freely in prose (Terasawa 1994)? Using a simulation of the Old English lexicon, we offer a statistical analysis of the poetic use of nominal compounds compared to the availability of relevant prosodic structures in the ambient language. In the process, we unify Terasawa's separate constraints and demonstrate a new way of addressing the complex interplay between Old English prosody and the structure of Old English alliterative meter. Our results endorse Terasawa's position: We find that the dispreference for nominal compounds of the XX-LX type is a general but noncategorical property of Old English. We attribute their highly restricted usage in verse to the demands of poetic diction and their incompatibility with the metrical templates that scops and scribes replicate. Additionally, while syllable weight factors into metrical organization, it does so less for stress placement, which remains morphologically grounded; this asymmetry in the ranking value of weight between poetry and prose is considered briefly in the context of the Old English monastic scribal training.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a03a3d3ff9dfee4182c9730fb59e62b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99013237,"asset_id":97373879,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99013237/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97373879"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97373879"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97373879; 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the latest record of diatonic outlaw is 1786 (Sherman 1975: 63). Whether this type of functional prosodic contrast was inherited or innovative is controversial. We revisit the Old English metrical evidence for functional stress-shifting and present new attestations of verb-noun pairs in Middle English verse in an effort to establish if the limited inherited stress-shifting model survives, and, if so, whether or how it accommodates the incoming loan vocabulary. The additional verse attestations support the idea of continuity, yet the scarcity of data falls short of statistical verifiability. A search into detailed lexicographical information for 1200-1550 reinforces the hypothesis of continuity by documenting the differential patterns of borrowing of nouns and verbs, prefixed and unprefixed. Taken together, these two sources endorse a proposal that in its earliest stages functional stress-shifting was predicated on prefixation, and that the ongoing conflict between prefixal defooting and ALIGN-L (Root, PrWd) in ME is a necessary component of the diachronic account of English prosody.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bb0233caa67db96275906eee70e68ed" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120862984,"asset_id":127076154,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120862984/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127076154"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127076154"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127076154; 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xxi + 703" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109357/Norman_Blake_ed_The_Cambridge_history_of_the_English_language_Vol_II_1066_1476_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_1992_Pp_xxi_703">Norman Blake (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language: Vol. II, 1066–1476. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xxi + 703</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Linguistics</span><span>, Sep 1, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116109357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116109357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109357]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116109357']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116109357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116109357,"title":"Norman Blake (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language: Vol. II, 1066–1476. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xxi + 703","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116109357/Norman_Blake_ed_The_Cambridge_history_of_the_English_language_Vol_II_1066_1476_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_1992_Pp_xxi_703","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116109355"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109355/English_Vowel_Shifts_and_Optimal_Diphthongs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of English Vowel Shifts and ‘Optimal’ Diphthongs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109355/English_Vowel_Shifts_and_Optimal_Diphthongs">English Vowel Shifts and ‘Optimal’ Diphthongs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studies in natural language and linguistic theory</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract. This paper is about four changes occurring on bimoraic peaks in English: nucleus-glide ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract. This paper is about four changes occurring on bimoraic peaks in English: nucleus-glide dissimilation, nucleus-glide assimilation, chain shift, and merger. Although in principle all bimoraic peaks are subject to the same perceptual and articulatory forces, the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116109355"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116109355"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109355; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109355]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109355]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109355; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116109355']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116109355]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116109355,"title":"English Vowel Shifts and ‘Optimal’ Diphthongs","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116109355/English_Vowel_Shifts_and_Optimal_Diphthongs","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116109354"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109354/The_Early_Modern_English_Vowels_More_O_Lass"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Early Modern English Vowels, More O' Lass" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112330596/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109354/The_Early_Modern_English_Vowels_More_O_Lass">The Early Modern English Vowels, More O' Lass</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Diachronica</span><span>, 1990</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background to this controversy Roger Lass has said many kind and flattering words about our gener...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background to this controversy Roger Lass has said many kind and flattering words about our general position on the vowel shift and early modern English pronunciation vis-à-vis his. Furthermore, his explanation of our position on the vowel shift through his clever analogies of the 'Zebra fallacy' 1. and the 'Constellation fallacy' 2 substantially improves on our own explanations of our position: we embrace them unreservedly. In the wake of some of our criticism he has also recently revised his view of what should be officially included as 'the Great Vowel Shift' (Lass, forthcoming), by restricting the core application of the term to the initial raisings and diphthongizations which resulted ultimately in modern English /ay, aw, iy, uw/. 3 A properly gracious response on our part would be to acknowledge the dimensions of his compromise, to allow as how there are similar dimensions on which we are willing to compromise, and to let that be the end of it. But though we are indeed very grateful to Lass, on this score and many others, and though it is clear that there has been considerable reduction of the distance * An early version of this paper was presented at the Present Day English Language section of the December 1989 convention of the Modern Language Association held in Washington, D.C. We are grateful to Garland Cannon, who arranged the program, and to several partici pants who raised questions in the course of the discussion. 1 The fallacy is defined as follows: "There is a (historical) natural kind comprising all (sets of) objects that (by some criteria) look enough alike" (Lass forthcoming, MS p.6). The name derives from the fact that of three types of zebras, all called zebras and looking like zebras, one is biologically a horse rather than a zebra. Surface appearance is not enough to classify the three types together. 2 "Because a set of points in some space can be joined into an 'object' of a definite shape, the object exists" (Lass forthcoming, MS p.8). 3 We use these diphthongal notations as category labels, if nothing else; one category label is as good as another.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="64578c32e3444ad398846ef7a4295065" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112330596,"asset_id":116109354,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112330596/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116109354"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116109354"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109354; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116109345"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109345/Studies_in_the_history_of_the_English_language_A_millennial_perspective_Edited_by_Donka_Minkova_and_Robert_Stockwell_Topics_in_English_Linguistics_39_Berlin_Mouton_de_Gruyter_2002_Pp_vi_496_Hardcover_98_00"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Studies in the history of the English language: A millennial perspective. Edited by Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell. (Topics in English Linguistics 39.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Pp. vi, 496. Hardcover. €98.00" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112330593/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116109345/Studies_in_the_history_of_the_English_language_A_millennial_perspective_Edited_by_Donka_Minkova_and_Robert_Stockwell_Topics_in_English_Linguistics_39_Berlin_Mouton_de_Gruyter_2002_Pp_vi_496_Hardcover_98_00">Studies in the history of the English language: A millennial perspective. Edited by Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell. (Topics in English Linguistics 39.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Pp. vi, 496. Hardcover. €98.00</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Germanic Linguistics</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book, which was written as a Habilitationsschrift, began as a study of the so-called Saxon g...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book, which was written as a Habilitationsschrift, began as a study of the so-called Saxon genitive (prenominal genitive) in German, but has come to encompass all the diachronic changes that have occurred in the German nominal system, especially to the left of the noun. The study attempts to give a synchronic analysis of the relationships within the noun phrase from a diachronic perspective. Moreover, data from other Germanic languages are taken into account, especially from English and the Scandinavian languages. All the changes in the German NP are attributed by Demske to a single change in the relationship between articles and nouns, from semantic to a morphologically motivated relationship (320). After the introductory chapter 1, chapter 2 deals with agreement within the nominal system, chapter 3 with possessive pronouns, and chapter 4 with the attributive genitive. The book concludes with some general implications for diachronic syntax. Chapter 1, "Einleitung," gives an overview of previous analyses of the German nominal system, pointing out some of the problems with the NP analysis. Demske assumes the DP hypothesis, which claims that nominal phrases are not projections of nouns but rather of the functional category D(eterminer). The DP analysis overcomes the limitations of the NP analysis and is especially attractive for German, since case, number, and gender are primarily realized on the article rather than on the noun itself. Chapter 2, "Grammatische Merkmale und Relationen," deals with the marking of the features case, number, gender, and definiteness on nouns, adjectives, and articles. First, Demske outlines the inflectional and agreement properties of the noun phrase in New High German (NHG), especially the problems of adjective inflection. Then she discusses some previous approaches within both the generative and the HPSG (head-driven phrase structure grammar) frameworks. Demske brings historical data from Old High German (OHG) and Early New High German (ENHG) into this discussion.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5c96b801de963deaab396692568ee625" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112330593,"asset_id":116109345,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112330593/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116109345"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116109345"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109345; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116109345]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116109345; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116109345']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5c96b801de963deaab396692568ee625" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116109345]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116109345,"title":"Studies in the history of the English language: A millennial perspective. Edited by Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell. (Topics in English Linguistics 39.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Pp. vi, 496. 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Surviving examples of this form include Thomas of Erceldoune, The Sowdone of Babylon, The Knight of Courtesy, and the fragmentary Partonope of Blois. Since these romances are from different dialect areas, the verse form appears to have been a popular one in medieval England. Examining the quality of the rhymes in the extant manuscripts, we show that both the original poets and the scribes of these romances were happy to tolerate imperfect rhyme. Two common types of imperfect rhyme, "feature rhyme" and "subsequence rhyme," are discussed, and we provide analogues for such rhymes in medieval and modern song, from nursery rhymes to Latin hymns. We conclude by suggesting that the use of so-called "imperfect" rhyme is linked with oral performance and that it was in fact perfectly acceptable in this context.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="edcaea82505def483fcb6c7d7d4c739d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108800045,"asset_id":111200556,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108800045/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111200556"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111200556"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200556; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111200555"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200555/Dialect_Rhyme_and_Emendation_in_em_Sir_Tristrem_em_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dialect, Rhyme, and Emendation in <em>Sir Tristrem</em>" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200555/Dialect_Rhyme_and_Emendation_in_em_Sir_Tristrem_em_">Dialect, Rhyme, and Emendation in <em>Sir Tristrem</em></a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of English and Germanic Philology</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111200555"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111200555"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200555; 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200552]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200552; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111200552']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200551]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200551]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200551; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111200551']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111200551]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111200551,"title":"Smaller than words: morphemes and types of morphemes","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111200551/Smaller_than_words_morphemes_and_types_of_morphemes","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111200550"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200550/Morpheme_list"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Morpheme list" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200550/Morpheme_list">Morpheme list</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>History and Structure</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111200550"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111200550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200550]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111200550']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111200550]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111200550,"title":"Morpheme list","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111200550/Morpheme_list","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111200549"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200549/The_background_of_English"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The background of English" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200549/The_background_of_English">The background of English</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>History and Structure</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111200549"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111200549"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200549; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200549]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111200549]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111200549; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111200549']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111200549]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111200549,"title":"The background of English","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111200549/The_background_of_English","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111200540"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200540/The_history_of_n_loss_in_English_Phonotactic_change_with_lexical_and_grammatical_specificity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The history of /-n/ loss in English: Phonotactic change with lexical and grammatical specificity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108800023/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111200540/The_history_of_n_loss_in_English_Phonotactic_change_with_lexical_and_grammatical_specificity">The history of /-n/ loss in English: Phonotactic change with lexical and grammatical specificity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folia Linguistica</span><span>, Jul 26, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Old English, /-n/ loss started in early Northumbrian and spread to the southern dialects after...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Old English, /-n/ loss started in early Northumbrian and spread to the southern dialects after about 1050. An important diagnostic of the transition to Middle English, the loss is commonly assumed to be morphologically driven. However, /-n/ loss in atonic syllables could also be phonologically-conditioned: aweġ 'away'<onweġ, abūtan 'about'<onbūtan. In Middle English, the loss proceeded rapidly, but the triggers behind the different rates of change and the different results for the various categories have not been fully explored. Using LAEME, we survey all attestations of /-n/ loss, enriching the empirical database on the change. The findings show significant differences within word-classes, and differences between inflectional and derivational suffixes. This raises a set of theoretical questions: why did only /-n/ inflections lose their codas, why was the productivity of verbal derivational /-n/ phonotactically restricted, what justifies the loss or retention of /-n/ in stems? We look into the interplay of phonological and morphological factors, isolate the sets in which the results appear to be phonotactically driven, and address the phonotactic dimension in relation to other factors, both within and above the word level. In noun plurals, /-n/ loss emerges as the clearest case of avoidance of phonotactically suboptimal sequences at the word level. A statistical comparison of the end-points of the change reveals that overall frequency has stayed constant and has no obvious direct bearing on the process, while the presence of /-n/ as a morphological marker has changed significantly. 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More background: Accounts of schwa loss","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99691101/Chapter_2_More_background_Accounts_of_schwa_loss","owner_id":24196294,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":24196294,"first_name":"Donka","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Minkova","page_name":"DonkaMinkova","domain_name":"ucla","created_at":"2014-12-30T17:08:19.213-08:00","display_name":"Donka Minkova","url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DonkaMinkova"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="97373879"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/97373879/Nominal_compounds_in_old_english_meter_and_prosody"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nominal compounds in old english meter and prosody" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99013237/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97373879/Nominal_compounds_in_old_english_meter_and_prosody">Nominal compounds in old english meter and prosody</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What is the lexicon's role in licensing the selection of phonologicallymarked structures in Old E...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What is the lexicon's role in licensing the selection of phonologicallymarked structures in Old English verse? Specifically, what is its role in the avoidance of certain nominal compounds in verse, even though the same compounds are used apparently freely in prose (Terasawa 1994)? Using a simulation of the Old English lexicon, we offer a statistical analysis of the poetic use of nominal compounds compared to the availability of relevant prosodic structures in the ambient language. In the process, we unify Terasawa's separate constraints and demonstrate a new way of addressing the complex interplay between Old English prosody and the structure of Old English alliterative meter. Our results endorse Terasawa's position: We find that the dispreference for nominal compounds of the XX-LX type is a general but noncategorical property of Old English. We attribute their highly restricted usage in verse to the demands of poetic diction and their incompatibility with the metrical templates that scops and scribes replicate. Additionally, while syllable weight factors into metrical organization, it does so less for stress placement, which remains morphologically grounded; this asymmetry in the ranking value of weight between poetry and prose is considered briefly in the context of the Old English monastic scribal training.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a03a3d3ff9dfee4182c9730fb59e62b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99013237,"asset_id":97373879,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99013237/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97373879"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97373879"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97373879; 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