CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Overdetermination Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="FsG/tBaKfdP8vwJcdLZlKWygCd1T+bQv7jPJM3cj1pHUSQbCZSBDvrrizBWS8HOAfL5MrMKFrK8fmGoUF6YJYw==" /> <link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Overdetermination Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'c7c923e13c2d00b99cbe85c9159af2026a636b1c'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15272,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113784677,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277444480,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732715678000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732715678000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-abfe14709f87872daacfe98b00812033ac214684652bef9d49abfed8b549f9f6.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-57c07c4415ad4e6a22ced3639e4df9a5401c1e44346ffeb379134e0f2293c589.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Overdetermination</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">22 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Overdetermination</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Overdetermination">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11984070" data-work_id="11984070" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11984070/Realization_Relations_in_Metaphysics_Minds_and_Machines_2015_">Realization Relations in Metaphysics (Minds and Machines, 2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">“Realization” is a technical term that is used by metaphysicians, philosophers of mind, and philosophers of science to denote some dependence relation that is thought to obtain between higher-level properties and lower-level properties.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11984070" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“Realization” is a technical term that is used by metaphysicians, philosophers of mind, and philosophers of science to denote some dependence relation that is thought to obtain between higher-level properties and lower-level properties. It is said that mental properties are realized by physical properties; functional and computational properties are realized by first-order properties that occupy certain causal/functional roles; dispositional properties are realized by categorical properties; so on and so forth. Given this wide usage of the term “realization”, it would be right to think that there might be different dependence relations that this term denotes in different cases. Any relation that is aptly picked out by this term can be taken to be a realization relation. The aim of this state-of-the-field article is to introduce the central questions about the concept of realization, and provide formulations of a number of realization relations. In doing so, I identify some theoretical roles realization relations should play, and discuss some theories of realization in relation to these theoretical roles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11984070" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f3a475c675e9be2afa1fe0a0c80b47b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39368023,"asset_id":11984070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39368023/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2474417" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/UmutBaysan">Umut Baysan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2474417" type="text/json">{"id":2474417,"first_name":"Umut","last_name":"Baysan","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"UmutBaysan","display_name":"Umut Baysan","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/UmutBaysan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2474417/774178/29420573/s65_umut.baysan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11984070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11984070"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11984070, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11984070", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11984070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11984070; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11984070"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11984070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11984070"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11984070; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11984070]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11984070").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11984070").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11984070"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Psychology">Philosophy of Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3730" type="text/json">{"id":3730,"name":"Philosophy of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Psychology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11984070]'), work: {"id":11984070,"title":"Realization Relations in Metaphysics (Minds and Machines, 2015)","created_at":"2015-04-17T01:33:46.453-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11984070/Realization_Relations_in_Metaphysics_Minds_and_Machines_2015_?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_11984070","summary":"“Realization” is a technical term that is used by metaphysicians, philosophers of mind, and philosophers of science to denote some dependence relation that is thought to obtain between higher-level properties and lower-level properties. It is said that mental properties are realized by physical properties; functional and computational properties are realized by first-order properties that occupy certain causal/functional roles; dispositional properties are realized by categorical properties; so on and so forth. Given this wide usage of the term “realization”, it would be right to think that there might be different dependence relations that this term denotes in different cases. Any relation that is aptly picked out by this term can be taken to be a realization relation. The aim of this state-of-the-field article is to introduce the central questions about the concept of realization, and provide formulations of a number of realization relations. In doing so, I identify some theoretical roles realization relations should play, and discuss some theories of realization in relation to these theoretical roles. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39368023,"asset_id":11984070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2474417,"first_name":"Umut","last_name":"Baysan","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"UmutBaysan","display_name":"Umut Baysan","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/UmutBaysan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2474417/774178/29420573/s65_umut.baysan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":3730,"name":"Philosophy of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Psychology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34962,"name":"Reductionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reductionism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":52532,"name":"Metaphysical grounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysical_grounding?f_ri=172660"},{"id":75525,"name":"Mechanistic Explanation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanistic_Explanation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":277754,"name":"Realization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Realization?f_ri=172660"},{"id":365485,"name":"Multiple realization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_realization?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39260438" data-work_id="39260438" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39260438/Language_discourse_and_class_Whats_next_for_sociolinguistics">Language, discourse, and class -What's next for sociolinguistics?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Drawing from the various theoretical constructs and analyses of class in sociology, economics, cultural studies, and sociolinguistics, I discuss a number of issues regarding class and possible future research avenues for sociolinguists.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39260438" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Drawing from the various theoretical constructs and analyses of class in sociology, economics, cultural studies, and sociolinguistics, I discuss a number of issues regarding class and possible future research avenues for sociolinguists. These include addressing and exploring how to move beyond the static categorical groupings of class membership including those of researchers themselves in their work on class, appraising the relevance and utility of the concept of overdetermination (Althusser, 1977; Resnick & Wolff, 1987) in examining the enactments of class discursive self-positionings in different domains and scales, the need to reexamine the construct of intersectionality, and problematizing the notion of identity politics as it relates to class.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39260438" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3c1814621299e350e7a12236e7ceff0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60507735,"asset_id":39260438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60507735/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2862964" href="https://um-boston.academia.edu/ChristianWChun">Christian W. Chun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2862964" type="text/json">{"id":2862964,"first_name":"Christian W.","last_name":"Chun","domain_name":"um-boston","page_name":"ChristianWChun","display_name":"Christian W. Chun","profile_url":"https://um-boston.academia.edu/ChristianWChun?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2862964/943787/21814575/s65_christian_w..chun.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39260438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39260438"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39260438, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39260438", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39260438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39260438; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39260438"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39260438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39260438"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39260438; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39260438]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39260438").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39260438").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39260438"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology">Economic Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="193" type="text/json">{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="957" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology">Cultural Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="957" type="text/json">{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39260438]'), work: {"id":39260438,"title":"Language, discourse, and class -What's next for sociolinguistics?","created_at":"2019-05-25T16:56:28.124-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39260438/Language_discourse_and_class_Whats_next_for_sociolinguistics?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_39260438","summary":"Drawing from the various theoretical constructs and analyses of class in sociology, economics, cultural studies, and sociolinguistics, I discuss a number of issues regarding class and possible future research avenues for sociolinguists. These include addressing and exploring how to move beyond the static categorical groupings of class membership including those of researchers themselves in their work on class, appraising the relevance and utility of the concept of overdetermination (Althusser, 1977; Resnick \u0026 Wolff, 1987) in examining the enactments of class discursive self-positionings in different domains and scales, the need to reexamine the construct of intersectionality, and problematizing the notion of identity politics as it relates to class.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60507735,"asset_id":39260438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2862964,"first_name":"Christian W.","last_name":"Chun","domain_name":"um-boston","page_name":"ChristianWChun","display_name":"Christian W. Chun","profile_url":"https://um-boston.academia.edu/ChristianWChun?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2862964/943787/21814575/s65_christian_w..chun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5538,"name":"Discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7709,"name":"Applied Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Linguistics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":15483,"name":"Post-Althusserian Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Althusserian_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":18193,"name":"Critical sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_sociolinguistics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=172660"},{"id":30478,"name":"Language Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22529296" data-work_id="22529296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22529296/Book_Review_of_Slavoj_Zizeks_The_Plague_of_Fantasies">Book Review of Slavoj Zizek's The Plague of Fantasies.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Never published book review from 1998.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22529296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a3e798685e3f70f72992ca6e262f4906" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43143581,"asset_id":22529296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43143581/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2109670" href="https://drew.academia.edu/YahyaMadra">Yahya M Madra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2109670" type="text/json">{"id":2109670,"first_name":"Yahya","last_name":"Madra","domain_name":"drew","page_name":"YahyaMadra","display_name":"Yahya M Madra","profile_url":"https://drew.academia.edu/YahyaMadra?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2109670/871074/19894152/s65_yahya.madra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22529296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22529296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22529296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22529296", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22529296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22529296; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22529296"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22529296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22529296"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22529296; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22529296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22529296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22529296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22529296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8338" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8338" type="text/json">{"id":8338,"name":"Jacques Lacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Lacan?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8431" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek">Slavoj Žižek</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8431" type="text/json">{"id":8431,"name":"Slavoj Žižek","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18640" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Analysis">Ideology and Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18640" type="text/json">{"id":18640,"name":"Ideology and Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33298" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx">Karl Marx</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33298" type="text/json">{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22529296]'), work: {"id":22529296,"title":"Book Review of Slavoj Zizek's The Plague of Fantasies.","created_at":"2016-02-27T13:36:47.662-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22529296/Book_Review_of_Slavoj_Zizeks_The_Plague_of_Fantasies?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_22529296","summary":"Never published book review from 1998. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43143581,"asset_id":22529296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2109670,"first_name":"Yahya","last_name":"Madra","domain_name":"drew","page_name":"YahyaMadra","display_name":"Yahya M Madra","profile_url":"https://drew.academia.edu/YahyaMadra?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2109670/871074/19894152/s65_yahya.madra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8338,"name":"Jacques Lacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Lacan?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8431,"name":"Slavoj Žižek","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":18640,"name":"Ideology and Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":34925,"name":"Psychoanalysis and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalysis_and_Politics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":44819,"name":"Lacanian psychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lacanian_psychoanalysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":65220,"name":"Class Struggle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Struggle?f_ri=172660"},{"id":114163,"name":"Ernesto Laclau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernesto_Laclau?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":181358,"name":"Fantasy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fantasy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":595359,"name":"Grundrisse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grundrisse?f_ri=172660"},{"id":799656,"name":"Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stephen_Resnick_and_Richard_Wolff?f_ri=172660"},{"id":901938,"name":"Class Antagonism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Antagonism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14980274" data-work_id="14980274" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14980274/Brief_partial_and_necessary_critical_reviews_of_some_of_the_stars_of_American_Left_Michael_Hardt_Antonio_Negri_Richard_Wolff_Stephen_Resnick_Noam_Chomsky_and_Chris_Hedges">Brief, partial, and necessary critical reviews of some of the stars of American Left: Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, Richard Wolff, Stephen Resnick, Noam Chomsky, and Chris Hedges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After the Grand Betrayals of socialism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and China, all types of opportunists, charlatans, speculators, and slanderers have been trying to jump to the center of the leftist political arena, masquerading as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14980274" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After the Grand Betrayals of socialism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and China, all types of opportunists, charlatans, speculators, and slanderers have been trying to jump to the center of the leftist political arena, masquerading as “Marxists”, “socialists”, “anti-capitalists”, and “revolutionaries” etc.  Many of them have academic backgrounds and are using their academic, oratorical, and demagogic skills to concoct all types of distortions, corruptions, and perversions of Marxian and Leninian political economy, philosophy, and thought.  In doing so, they are taking the utmost advantage of the prevalent ignorance of Marxism, Socialism, Communism, and Politico-economic Revolutions, not only in the general society, but also in most of the academics, intellectuals, and leftists.  Some of them are wearing the personae of Marxism, while others are anarchists and anti-communists.  They are getting away with astounding slanders, ignorance, falsehoods, and distortions in such an environment. <br /> <br />This necessary and brief criticism is targeted at some of the essential and central slanders, errors, and distortions of a few selected Pseudo-Marxists, Anti-Communists, and Anarchists (PMACA).  Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, Richard Wolff, Stephen Resnick, Noam Chomsky, and Chris Hedges are the PMACA included in this review.  This partial critical review is based upon a partial review of the voluminous books, articles, and videos they have produced.  I am doing even that out of a sense of duty, as it is an extremely time consuming and boring, but necessary, task.  Hopefully, someone will have a greater sense of duty and go through thousands of pages of their writings and innumerable videos to write a more comprehensive review.  In fact, some have already done that, in case of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s voluminous book, “Empire”.  However, I did not find such comprehensive and effective critical reviews of other PMACA.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14980274" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc38752ded2c58d3c05d7ec3ead858ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42753645,"asset_id":14980274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42753645/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15483397" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FazalRahman6">Fazal Rahman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15483397" type="text/json">{"id":15483397,"first_name":"Fazal","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FazalRahman6","display_name":"Fazal Rahman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FazalRahman6?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/62aff85c2ff569f6f29d9f6dd6fa04bf?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14980274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14980274"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14980274, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14980274", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14980274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14980274; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14980274"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14980274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14980274"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14980274; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14980274]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14980274").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14980274").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14980274"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9705" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism">Capitalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9705" type="text/json">{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14980274]'), work: {"id":14980274,"title":"Brief, partial, and necessary critical reviews of some of the stars of American Left: Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, Richard Wolff, Stephen Resnick, Noam Chomsky, and Chris Hedges","created_at":"2015-08-17T05:23:48.805-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14980274/Brief_partial_and_necessary_critical_reviews_of_some_of_the_stars_of_American_Left_Michael_Hardt_Antonio_Negri_Richard_Wolff_Stephen_Resnick_Noam_Chomsky_and_Chris_Hedges?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_14980274","summary":"After the Grand Betrayals of socialism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and China, all types of opportunists, charlatans, speculators, and slanderers have been trying to jump to the center of the leftist political arena, masquerading as “Marxists”, “socialists”, “anti-capitalists”, and “revolutionaries” etc. Many of them have academic backgrounds and are using their academic, oratorical, and demagogic skills to concoct all types of distortions, corruptions, and perversions of Marxian and Leninian political economy, philosophy, and thought. In doing so, they are taking the utmost advantage of the prevalent ignorance of Marxism, Socialism, Communism, and Politico-economic Revolutions, not only in the general society, but also in most of the academics, intellectuals, and leftists. Some of them are wearing the personae of Marxism, while others are anarchists and anti-communists. They are getting away with astounding slanders, ignorance, falsehoods, and distortions in such an environment. \r\n\r\nThis necessary and brief criticism is targeted at some of the essential and central slanders, errors, and distortions of a few selected Pseudo-Marxists, Anti-Communists, and Anarchists (PMACA). Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, Richard Wolff, Stephen Resnick, Noam Chomsky, and Chris Hedges are the PMACA included in this review. This partial critical review is based upon a partial review of the voluminous books, articles, and videos they have produced. I am doing even that out of a sense of duty, as it is an extremely time consuming and boring, but necessary, task. Hopefully, someone will have a greater sense of duty and go through thousands of pages of their writings and innumerable videos to write a more comprehensive review. In fact, some have already done that, in case of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s voluminous book, “Empire”. However, I did not find such comprehensive and effective critical reviews of other PMACA.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42753645,"asset_id":14980274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15483397,"first_name":"Fazal","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FazalRahman6","display_name":"Fazal Rahman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FazalRahman6?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/62aff85c2ff569f6f29d9f6dd6fa04bf?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":15322,"name":"Antonio Negri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri?f_ri=172660"},{"id":21219,"name":"Socialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":42142,"name":"Noam Chomsky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noam_Chomsky?f_ri=172660"},{"id":63738,"name":"Michael Hardt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michael_Hardt?f_ri=172660"},{"id":118724,"name":"Russia/USSR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia_USSR?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":228184,"name":"Chris Hedges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chris_Hedges?f_ri=172660"},{"id":799656,"name":"Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stephen_Resnick_and_Richard_Wolff?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1506349,"name":"Fazal Rahman, Ph.D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fazal_Rahman_Ph.D-1?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2045479,"name":"American Left","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Left?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1542657" data-work_id="1542657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1542657/Undefeated_Dualism_Philosophical_Studies_2013">Undefeated Dualism - Philosophical Studies 2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the standard thought experiments, dualism strikes many philosophers as true, including many non-dualists. This ‘striking’ generates prima facie justification: in the absence of defeaters, we ought to believe that things are as they... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1542657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the standard thought experiments, dualism strikes many philosophers as true, including many non-dualists. This ‘striking’ generates prima facie justification: in the absence of defeaters, we ought to believe that things are as they seem to be, i.e. we ought to be dualists. In this paper, I examine several proposed undercutting defeaters for our dualist intuitions. I argue that each proposal fails, since each rests on a false assumption, or requires empirical evidence that it lacks, or overgenerates defeaters. By the end, our prima facie justification for dualism remains undefeated. I close with one objection concerning the dialectical role of rebutting defeaters, and I argue that the prospects for a successful rebutting defeater for our dualist intuitions are dim. Since dualism emerges undefeated, we ought to believe it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1542657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28f53036663d88787b076aab49bd3333" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38568660,"asset_id":1542657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38568660/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65221" href="https://pepperdine.academia.edu/TomasBogardus">Tomas Bogardus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65221" type="text/json">{"id":65221,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Bogardus","domain_name":"pepperdine","page_name":"TomasBogardus","display_name":"Tomas Bogardus","profile_url":"https://pepperdine.academia.edu/TomasBogardus?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65221/18339/20045883/s65_tomas.bogardus.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1542657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1542657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1542657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1542657", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1542657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1542657; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1542657"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1542657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1542657"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1542657; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1542657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1542657").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1542657").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1542657"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology">Epistemology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="815" type="text/json">{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1542657]'), work: {"id":1542657,"title":"Undefeated Dualism - Philosophical Studies 2013","created_at":"2012-05-08T11:54:17.225-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1542657/Undefeated_Dualism_Philosophical_Studies_2013?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_1542657","summary":"In the standard thought experiments, dualism strikes many philosophers as true, including many non-dualists. This ‘striking’ generates prima facie justification: in the absence of defeaters, we ought to believe that things are as they seem to be, i.e. we ought to be dualists. In this paper, I examine several proposed undercutting defeaters for our dualist intuitions. I argue that each proposal fails, since each rests on a false assumption, or requires empirical evidence that it lacks, or overgenerates defeaters. By the end, our prima facie justification for dualism remains undefeated. I close with one objection concerning the dialectical role of rebutting defeaters, and I argue that the prospects for a successful rebutting defeater for our dualist intuitions are dim. Since dualism emerges undefeated, we ought to believe it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38568660,"asset_id":1542657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65221,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Bogardus","domain_name":"pepperdine","page_name":"TomasBogardus","display_name":"Tomas Bogardus","profile_url":"https://pepperdine.academia.edu/TomasBogardus?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65221/18339/20045883/s65_tomas.bogardus.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":2055,"name":"Consciousness (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Psychology_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7673,"name":"Intuition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intuition?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":31113,"name":"Analytical Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":40667,"name":"Intuitive mind-body dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intuitive_mind-body_dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":51754,"name":"Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":54814,"name":"Philosophy of mind, consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_mind_consciousness?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60453,"name":"Supervenience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience?f_ri=172660"},{"id":101325,"name":"Jaegwon Kim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim?f_ri=172660"},{"id":113620,"name":"Cartesian substance dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cartesian_substance_dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":113621,"name":"Mind-Body Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mind-Body_Dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":182253,"name":"Substance Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":964431,"name":"Non reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_943128" data-work_id="943128" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/943128/Reflexive_monism">Reflexive monism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reflexive monism is, in essence, an ancient view of how consciousness relates to the material world that has, in recent decades, been resurrected in modern form. In this paper I discuss how some of its basic features differ from both... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_943128" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reflexive monism is, in essence, an ancient view of how consciousness relates to the material world that has, in recent decades, been resurrected in modern form. In this paper I discuss how some of its basic features differ from both dualism and variants of physicalist and functionalist reductionism, focusing on those aspects of the theory that challenge deeply rooted presuppositions in current Western thought. I pay particular attention to the ontological status and seeming “out-thereness” of the phenomenal world and to how the “phenomenal world” relates to the “physical world”, the “world itself”, and processing in the brain. In order to place the theory within the context of current thought and debate, I address questions that have been raised about reflexive monism in recent commentaries and also evaluate competing accounts of the same issues offered by “transparency theory” and by “biological naturalism”. I argue that, of the competing views on offer, reflexive monism most closely follows the contours of ordinary experience, the findings of science, and common sense.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/943128" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96c77718fc2c466bf5194b79f2c917ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12394224,"asset_id":943128,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12394224/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="136643" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans">Max Velmans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="136643" type="text/json">{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_943128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="943128"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 943128, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_943128", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_943128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 943128; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_943128"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_943128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="943128"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 943128; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=943128]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_943128").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_943128").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="943128"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">46</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="849" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kant">Kant</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="849" type="text/json">{"id":849,"name":"Kant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kant?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2055" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Psychology_">Consciousness (Psychology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2055" type="text/json">{"id":2055,"name":"Consciousness (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Psychology_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2151" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Reality_Computer_Graphics_">Virtual Reality (Computer Graphics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2151" type="text/json">{"id":2151,"name":"Virtual Reality (Computer Graphics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Reality_Computer_Graphics_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3344" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness">Metaphysics of Consciousness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3344" type="text/json">{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=943128]'), work: {"id":943128,"title":"Reflexive monism","created_at":"2011-09-23T02:12:15.164-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/943128/Reflexive_monism?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_943128","summary":"Reflexive monism is, in essence, an ancient view of how consciousness relates to the material world that has, in recent decades, been resurrected in modern form. In this paper I discuss how some of its basic features differ from both dualism and variants of physicalist and functionalist reductionism, focusing on those aspects of the theory that challenge deeply rooted presuppositions in current Western thought. I pay particular attention to the ontological status and seeming “out-thereness” of the phenomenal world and to how the “phenomenal world” relates to the “physical world”, the “world itself”, and processing in the brain. In order to place the theory within the context of current thought and debate, I address questions that have been raised about reflexive monism in recent commentaries and also evaluate competing accounts of the same issues offered by “transparency theory” and by “biological naturalism”. I argue that, of the competing views on offer, reflexive monism most closely follows the contours of ordinary experience, the findings of science, and common sense.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12394224,"asset_id":943128,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":849,"name":"Kant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kant?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":2055,"name":"Consciousness (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Psychology_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":2151,"name":"Virtual Reality (Computer Graphics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Reality_Computer_Graphics_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10499,"name":"Functionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functionalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":12697,"name":"Virtual Art \u0026 Virtual Reality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Art_and_Virtual_Reality?f_ri=172660"},{"id":21842,"name":"Virtual Worlds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Worlds?f_ri=172660"},{"id":25785,"name":"Reflexive Monism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reflexive_Monism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":25789,"name":"Human Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Consciousness?f_ri=172660"},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34962,"name":"Reductionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reductionism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":36280,"name":"Holism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":40667,"name":"Intuitive mind-body dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intuitive_mind-body_dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":42093,"name":"Phenomenal Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Properties?f_ri=172660"},{"id":44096,"name":"Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge?f_ri=172660"},{"id":45349,"name":"Space perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception?f_ri=172660"},{"id":51754,"name":"Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60453,"name":"Supervenience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience?f_ri=172660"},{"id":85896,"name":"First-person thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-person_thought?f_ri=172660"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=172660"},{"id":101325,"name":"Jaegwon Kim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim?f_ri=172660"},{"id":113620,"name":"Cartesian substance dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cartesian_substance_dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":174265,"name":"Transcendental Idealism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcendental_Idealism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":182253,"name":"Substance Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":187959,"name":"Phenomenal World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_World?f_ri=172660"},{"id":200495,"name":"John Searle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Searle?f_ri=172660"},{"id":200512,"name":"Computational Functionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Functionalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":213049,"name":"Reflexive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reflexive?f_ri=172660"},{"id":233236,"name":"Biological Reductionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Reductionism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":246729,"name":"Michael Tye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michael_Tye?f_ri=172660"},{"id":336203,"name":"Psychological Complementarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Complementarity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":363184,"name":"Phenomenal Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Space?f_ri=172660"},{"id":460976,"name":"Perceptual Projection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perceptual_Projection?f_ri=172660"},{"id":467610,"name":"Phenomenal Transparency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Transparency?f_ri=172660"},{"id":467612,"name":"Biological Naturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Naturalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":467617,"name":"Phenomenological Externalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenological_Externalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":467621,"name":"First-person perspective","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-person_perspective?f_ri=172660"},{"id":467622,"name":"Third-Person Perspective","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Third-Person_Perspective?f_ri=172660"},{"id":524847,"name":"Thing in Itself","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thing_in_Itself?f_ri=172660"},{"id":964431,"name":"Non reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8652105" data-work_id="8652105" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8652105/One_world_and_the_many_sciences_a_defence_of_physicalism_Oxford_DPhil_Diss_1990_">One world and the many sciences: a defence of physicalism (Oxford DPhil Diss. 1990)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The subject of this thesis is physicalism, understood not as some particular doctrine pertaining narrowly to the philosophy of mind, but rather as a quite general metaphysical claim to the effect that everything is, or is fundamentally,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8652105" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The subject of this thesis is physicalism, understood not as some particular doctrine pertaining narrowly to the philosophy of mind, but rather as a quite general metaphysical claim to the effect that everything is, or is fundamentally, physical. Thus physicalism explicates the thought that in some sense physics is the basic science. The aim of the thesis is to defend a particular brand of physicalism, which I call eliminative type physicalism. It claims, roughly, that every property is a physical property, a property mentioned in the laws of physics, and hence that any putative property not identifiable with a physical property must be eliminated from our ontology. <br />Eliminative type physicalism is apt to face three objections, and so my thesis, like Caesar's Gaul, falls into three parts. In the first, I argue against the idea that there are tenable positions, both physicalist and non-physicalist, alternative to eliminative type physicalism. I argue that each of these positions token physicalism (Fodor, middle Putnam), supervenience physicalism (Lewis, Horgan) and and a non-physicalist view I call pluralism (Goodman, late Putnam) <br />is defective. In the second part, responding to the objection that there is just no reason to be a physicalist, I develop a positive argument for eliminative type physicalism, an argument resting upon a strong version of the explanatory test for reality according to which only explanatorily indispensable properties can justifiably be said to exist. In the third and final part, I argue, against the charge that eliminative type physicalism cannot accommodate what I call phenomenal properties (qualia, raw feels etc.), that there is no good reason to deny, and one good reason to affirm, that phenomenal properties just are physical properties.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8652105" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29b2e0ffc75c3953b8be1dd1eb47641a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35028345,"asset_id":8652105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35028345/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33952" href="https://missouri.academia.edu/AndrewMelnyk">Andrew Melnyk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33952" type="text/json">{"id":33952,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Melnyk","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"AndrewMelnyk","display_name":"Andrew Melnyk","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/AndrewMelnyk?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33952/11101/34964760/s65_andrew.melnyk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8652105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8652105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8652105, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8652105", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8652105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8652105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8652105"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8652105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8652105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8652105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8652105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8652105").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8652105").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8652105"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9539" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism">Materialism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9539" type="text/json">{"id":9539,"name":"Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10150" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism">Physicalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10150" type="text/json">{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skepticism">Skepticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29711" type="text/json">{"id":29711,"name":"Skepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skepticism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42413" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eliminativism">Eliminativism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42413" type="text/json">{"id":42413,"name":"Eliminativism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eliminativism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8652105]'), work: {"id":8652105,"title":"One world and the many sciences: a defence of physicalism (Oxford DPhil Diss. 1990)","created_at":"2014-10-06T01:04:40.233-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8652105/One_world_and_the_many_sciences_a_defence_of_physicalism_Oxford_DPhil_Diss_1990_?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_8652105","summary":"The subject of this thesis is physicalism, understood not as some particular doctrine pertaining narrowly to the philosophy of mind, but rather as a quite general metaphysical claim to the effect that everything is, or is fundamentally, physical. Thus physicalism explicates the thought that in some sense physics is the basic science. The aim of the thesis is to defend a particular brand of physicalism, which I call eliminative type physicalism. It claims, roughly, that every property is a physical property,\ta property mentioned in the laws of physics, and hence that any putative property not identifiable with a physical property must be eliminated from our ontology.\r\nEliminative type physicalism is apt to face three objections, and so my thesis, like Caesar's Gaul, falls into three parts. In the first, I argue against the idea that there are tenable positions, both physicalist and non-physicalist, alternative to eliminative type physicalism. I argue that each of these positions token physicalism (Fodor, middle Putnam), supervenience physicalism (Lewis, Horgan) and and a non-physicalist view I call pluralism (Goodman, late Putnam)\r\nis defective. In the second part, responding to the objection that there is just no reason to be a physicalist, I develop a positive argument for eliminative type physicalism, an argument resting upon a strong version of the explanatory test for reality according to which only explanatorily indispensable properties can justifiably be said to exist. In the third and final part, I argue, against the charge that eliminative type physicalism cannot accommodate what I call phenomenal properties (qualia, raw feels etc.), that there is no good reason to deny, and one good reason to affirm, that phenomenal properties just are physical properties.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35028345,"asset_id":8652105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":35028341,"asset_id":8652105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33952,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Melnyk","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"AndrewMelnyk","display_name":"Andrew Melnyk","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/AndrewMelnyk?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33952/11101/34964760/s65_andrew.melnyk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9539,"name":"Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":29711,"name":"Skepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skepticism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":42413,"name":"Eliminativism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eliminativism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32558289 coauthored" data-work_id="32558289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32558289/Why_Incompatibilism_about_Mental_Causation_is_Incompatible_with_Non_Reductive_Physicalism_Inquiry_forthcoming_">Why Incompatibilism about Mental Causation is Incompatible with Non-Reductive Physicalism (Inquiry, forthcoming)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The exclusion problem is meant to show that non-reductive physicalism leads to epiphenomenalism: if mental properties are not identical with physical properties, then they are not causally efficacious. Defenders of a difference-making... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32558289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The exclusion problem is meant to show that non-reductive physicalism leads to epiphenomenalism: if mental properties are not identical with physical properties, then they are not causally efficacious. Defenders of a difference-making account of causation suggest that the exclusion problem can be solved because mental properties can be difference-making causes of physical effects. Here, we focus on what we dub an incompatibilist implementation of this general strategy and argue against it from a non-reductive physicalist perspective. Specifically, we argue that incompatibilism undermines either the non-reductionist or the physicalist aspirations of non-reductive physicalism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32558289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dae898ba172308edc5b5cef8812723bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57711775,"asset_id":32558289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57711775/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="495977" href="https://au.academia.edu/JonasChristensen">Jonas Christensen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="495977" type="text/json">{"id":495977,"first_name":"Jonas","last_name":"Christensen","domain_name":"au","page_name":"JonasChristensen","display_name":"Jonas Christensen","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/JonasChristensen?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/495977/170129/198273/s65_jonas.christensen.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32558289">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32558289"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://oxford.academia.edu/UmutBaysan">Umut Baysan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32558289'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32558289').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32558289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32558289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32558289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32558289", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32558289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32558289; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32558289"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32558289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32558289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32558289; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32558289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32558289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32558289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32558289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10150" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism">Physicalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10150" type="text/json">{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33906" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergentism">Emergentism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33906" type="text/json">{"id":33906,"name":"Emergentism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergentism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32558289]'), work: {"id":32558289,"title":"Why Incompatibilism about Mental Causation is Incompatible with Non-Reductive Physicalism (Inquiry, forthcoming)","created_at":"2017-04-21T03:39:35.266-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32558289/Why_Incompatibilism_about_Mental_Causation_is_Incompatible_with_Non_Reductive_Physicalism_Inquiry_forthcoming_?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_32558289","summary":"The exclusion problem is meant to show that non-reductive physicalism leads to epiphenomenalism: if mental properties are not identical with physical properties, then they are not causally efficacious. Defenders of a difference-making account of causation suggest that the exclusion problem can be solved because mental properties can be difference-making causes of physical effects. Here, we focus on what we dub an incompatibilist implementation of this general strategy and argue against it from a non-reductive physicalist perspective. Specifically, we argue that incompatibilism undermines either the non-reductionist or the physicalist aspirations of non-reductive physicalism. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57711775,"asset_id":32558289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":495977,"first_name":"Jonas","last_name":"Christensen","domain_name":"au","page_name":"JonasChristensen","display_name":"Jonas Christensen","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/JonasChristensen?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/495977/170129/198273/s65_jonas.christensen.jpg"},{"id":2474417,"first_name":"Umut","last_name":"Baysan","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"UmutBaysan","display_name":"Umut Baysan","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/UmutBaysan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2474417/774178/29420573/s65_umut.baysan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":33906,"name":"Emergentism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergentism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":40066,"name":"Compatibilism and incompatibilism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compatibilism_and_incompatibilism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":106339,"name":"Proportionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proportionality?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":365485,"name":"Multiple realization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_realization?f_ri=172660"},{"id":552423,"name":"Reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":964431,"name":"Non reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":977926,"name":"Causal Closure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Closure?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1002946,"name":"Interventionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interventionism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22213020" data-work_id="22213020" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22213020/_Y%C4%B1pranan_Nesne_Kaybolan_Benlik_Fikrimin_%C4%B0nce_G%C3%BCl%C3%BC_%C3%9Czerine_Psikanalitik_Bir_%C4%B0nceleme_Alphan_Akg%C3%BCl_">"Yıpranan Nesne, Kaybolan Benlik: Fikrimin İnce Gülü Üzerine Psikanalitik Bir İnceleme" (Alphan Akgül)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bu makale, Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun 1976 yılında yayımlanan Fikrimin İnce Gülü başlıklı ikinci romanını, İngiliz psikanalist D.W. Winnicott’ın geliştirdiği “geçiş nesnesi” kavramı açısından çözümlemeyi amaçlıyor. Winnicott’a göre bebekler için... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22213020" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bu makale, Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun 1976 yılında yayımlanan Fikrimin İnce Gülü başlıklı ikinci romanını, İngiliz psikanalist D.W. Winnicott’ın geliştirdiği “geçiş nesnesi” kavramı açısından çözümlemeyi amaçlıyor. Winnicott’a göre bebekler için ilk nesne annedir ve onlar kendilerini bağımsız bir varlık olarak göremezler. Ama bebekler bir geçiş nesnesi bulup adım adım gerçekliği keşfedebilir. Bu nesneler bir battaniye, bir sevimli ayıcık ya da benzeri bir şey olabilir. Böylelikle bebek bu nesnelerle oynayarak gerçeklik ile yanılsama arasında bir ara alan yaratır. Winnicott, bebeklerin bu evreyi atlatabilmeleri için bir iyi anne figürüne ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtir. Eğer bu evrede böyle bir anne figürü yoksa bebekler ileride bu nesnelerle ilgili rahatsızlıklar geliştirebilir. Örneğin çocuğun oynadığı bir nesne bir fetişe dönüşebilir. Bu kuramsal çerçeve Ağaoğlu’nun bu romanının başkişisi olan Bayram’ın takıntıların anlaşılmasını sağlayabilir. Ağaoğlu, bu romanında, Bayram’ın otomobiline olan takıntısına odaklanır. Annesiz bir çocuk olarak büyüyen Bayram otomobilini güzel bir kadın olarak görür ve ona sanki onun kocası ya da âşığıymış gibi davranır; hatta ona karşı kaba ve cinsel içerikli bir dil kullanır. Bu dil onun bütün ruhsal bozukluklarının nedeni olan bir çocukluk travmasının su yüzüne çıktığını ima eden bir ipucu olabilir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22213020" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="996b715573d278dab174145b4b06165d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42866619,"asset_id":22213020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42866619/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4127286" href="https://independent.academia.edu/monografjournal">Monograf Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4127286" type="text/json">{"id":4127286,"first_name":"Monograf","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"monografjournal","display_name":"Monograf Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/monografjournal?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4127286/1600165/18916320/s65_monograf.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22213020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22213020"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22213020, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22213020", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22213020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22213020; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22213020"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22213020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22213020"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22213020; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22213020]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22213020").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22213020").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22213020"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244" type="text/json">{"id":244,"name":"Psychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3773" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism">Literary Criticism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3773" type="text/json">{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22213020]'), work: {"id":22213020,"title":"\"Yıpranan Nesne, Kaybolan Benlik: Fikrimin İnce Gülü Üzerine Psikanalitik Bir İnceleme\" (Alphan Akgül)","created_at":"2016-02-20T03:34:29.700-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22213020/_Y%C4%B1pranan_Nesne_Kaybolan_Benlik_Fikrimin_%C4%B0nce_G%C3%BCl%C3%BC_%C3%9Czerine_Psikanalitik_Bir_%C4%B0nceleme_Alphan_Akg%C3%BCl_?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_22213020","summary":"Bu makale, Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun 1976 yılında yayımlanan Fikrimin İnce Gülü başlıklı ikinci romanını, İngiliz psikanalist D.W. Winnicott’ın geliştirdiği “geçiş nesnesi” kavramı açısından çözümlemeyi amaçlıyor. Winnicott’a göre bebekler için ilk nesne annedir ve onlar kendilerini bağımsız bir varlık olarak göremezler. Ama bebekler bir geçiş nesnesi bulup adım adım gerçekliği keşfedebilir. Bu nesneler bir battaniye, bir sevimli ayıcık ya da benzeri bir şey olabilir. Böylelikle bebek bu nesnelerle oynayarak gerçeklik ile yanılsama arasında bir ara alan yaratır. Winnicott, bebeklerin bu evreyi atlatabilmeleri için bir iyi anne figürüne ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtir. Eğer bu evrede böyle bir anne figürü yoksa bebekler ileride bu nesnelerle ilgili rahatsızlıklar geliştirebilir. Örneğin çocuğun oynadığı bir nesne bir fetişe dönüşebilir. Bu kuramsal çerçeve Ağaoğlu’nun bu romanının başkişisi olan Bayram’ın takıntıların anlaşılmasını sağlayabilir. Ağaoğlu, bu romanında, Bayram’ın otomobiline olan takıntısına odaklanır. Annesiz bir çocuk olarak büyüyen Bayram otomobilini güzel bir kadın olarak görür ve ona sanki onun kocası ya da âşığıymış gibi davranır; hatta ona karşı kaba ve cinsel içerikli bir dil kullanır. Bu dil onun bütün ruhsal bozukluklarının nedeni olan bir çocukluk travmasının su yüzüne çıktığını ima eden bir ipucu olabilir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42866619,"asset_id":22213020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4127286,"first_name":"Monograf","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"monografjournal","display_name":"Monograf Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/monografjournal?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4127286/1600165/18916320/s65_monograf.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":244,"name":"Psychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":23351,"name":"Turkish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Literature?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34263,"name":"Donald W. Winnicott","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Donald_W._Winnicott?f_ri=172660"},{"id":35918,"name":"Turkish Novel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Novel?f_ri=172660"},{"id":107672,"name":"Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":190625,"name":"Transitional Objects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Objects?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1602110,"name":"Adalet Ağaoğlu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adalet_Agaoglu?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5928219" data-work_id="5928219" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5928219/Wolff_Althusser_and_Hegel_Outlining_an_Aleatory_Materialist_Epistemology">Wolff, Althusser, and Hegel: Outlining an Aleatory Materialist Epistemology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In an argument first published in 1996, Richard Wolff set out how Marxist epistemology could be strengthened by introducing both the Althusserian concept of overdetermination and elements of the Hegelian dialectic. While this paper... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5928219" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In an argument first published in 1996, Richard Wolff set out how Marxist epistemology could be strengthened by introducing both the Althusserian concept of overdetermination and elements of the Hegelian dialectic.  While this paper wholeheartedly agrees with Wolff’s work towards a reflexive Marxism, it finds his proposed reinsertion of Hegelian philosophy into Marxism problematic.  This paper argues that an alternative to Hegelianism can be found in Althusser’s arguments for aleatory materialism.  Highlighting the importance of ‘chance’ events, aleatory materialism contains the same epistemological reflexivity that Wolff finds in Hegel’s dialectic, yet provides a stronger supporting ontology for Marxist theory.  Aleatory materialism supports Marxist epistemology by detailing arguments for historical conjunctures that contain both overdetermined contradictions and situated causality.  From this perspective, it becomes possible to argue that epistemology can contain both theoretical analysis of contradictions and concrete analysis.  This allows for complexity without abstraction and specificity without reductionism or essentialism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5928219" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="700c2454e090090b35ed21436785b94f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39995935,"asset_id":5928219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39995935/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8805583" href="https://newbrunswick.academia.edu/NickHardy">Nick Hardy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8805583" type="text/json">{"id":8805583,"first_name":"Nick","last_name":"Hardy","domain_name":"newbrunswick","page_name":"NickHardy","display_name":"Nick Hardy","profile_url":"https://newbrunswick.academia.edu/NickHardy?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8805583/2906227/3395510/s65_nick.hardy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5928219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5928219"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5928219, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5928219", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5928219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5928219; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5928219"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5928219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5928219"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5928219; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5928219]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5928219").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5928219").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5928219"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Marxism">Post-Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5372" type="text/json">{"id":5372,"name":"Post-Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Marxism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8428" type="text/json">{"id":8428,"name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5928219]'), work: {"id":5928219,"title":"Wolff, Althusser, and Hegel: Outlining an Aleatory Materialist Epistemology","created_at":"2014-02-02T22:01:39.222-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5928219/Wolff_Althusser_and_Hegel_Outlining_an_Aleatory_Materialist_Epistemology?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_5928219","summary":"In an argument first published in 1996, Richard Wolff set out how Marxist epistemology could be strengthened by introducing both the Althusserian concept of overdetermination and elements of the Hegelian dialectic. While this paper wholeheartedly agrees with Wolff’s work towards a reflexive Marxism, it finds his proposed reinsertion of Hegelian philosophy into Marxism problematic. This paper argues that an alternative to Hegelianism can be found in Althusser’s arguments for aleatory materialism. Highlighting the importance of ‘chance’ events, aleatory materialism contains the same epistemological reflexivity that Wolff finds in Hegel’s dialectic, yet provides a stronger supporting ontology for Marxist theory. Aleatory materialism supports Marxist epistemology by detailing arguments for historical conjunctures that contain both overdetermined contradictions and situated causality. From this perspective, it becomes possible to argue that epistemology can contain both theoretical analysis of contradictions and concrete analysis. This allows for complexity without abstraction and specificity without reductionism or essentialism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39995935,"asset_id":5928219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8805583,"first_name":"Nick","last_name":"Hardy","domain_name":"newbrunswick","page_name":"NickHardy","display_name":"Nick Hardy","profile_url":"https://newbrunswick.academia.edu/NickHardy?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8805583/2906227/3395510/s65_nick.hardy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":5372,"name":"Post-Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Marxism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8428,"name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":182924,"name":"Aleatory Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aleatory_Materialism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_820991" data-work_id="820991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/820991/Causal_Exclusion_and_Dependent_Overdetermination">Causal Exclusion and Dependent Overdetermination</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/820991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82800eac02dfa09c2366d0b090178d26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4914627,"asset_id":820991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4914627/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_820991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="820991"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 820991, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_820991", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_820991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 820991; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_820991"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_820991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="820991"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 820991; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=820991]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_820991").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_820991").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="820991"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101325" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim">Jaegwon Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="101325" type="text/json">{"id":101325,"name":"Jaegwon Kim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=820991]'), work: {"id":820991,"title":"Causal Exclusion and Dependent Overdetermination","created_at":"2011-08-10T03:39:35.357-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/820991/Causal_Exclusion_and_Dependent_Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_820991","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4914627,"asset_id":820991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":101325,"name":"Jaegwon Kim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":213994,"name":"Nonreductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonreductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9750568" data-work_id="9750568" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9750568/Overdetermined_or_Indeterminate_Remarks_on_Knowledge_and_Class">Overdetermined or Indeterminate? Remarks on Knowledge and Class</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay argues that Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff have conflated two distinct definitions of ‘‘overdetermination.’’ In the first, overdetermination describes a worldview wherein all entities and processes (including ‘‘theory’’) are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9750568" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay argues that Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff have conflated two distinct definitions of ‘‘overdetermination.’’ In the first, overdetermination describes a worldview wherein all entities and processes (including ‘‘theory’’) are constituted by all other processes. In the second, ‘‘overdetermination’’ describes a worldview wherein all entities and processes (again, including ‘‘theory’’) are caused by all other processes. An implication of the former view is that the essence of an entity cannot simply be read off of its individual existence, but is a function of its relations with all other entities. An implication of the latter view is that outcomes cannot be predicted in advance, regardless of the information given ex ante. The present essay argues that the second view does not necessarily follow from the first. Failure to distinguish between the two results from a confusion between an ability we (sometimes) have* the ability to predict events*and a metaphysical interpretation of that ability*the claim that entities have essences independently of one another.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9750568" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3acea5729fd4ed2b2ae36e1dc3eed625" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35933290,"asset_id":9750568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35933290/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6405527" href="https://fandm.academia.edu/MarkSilverman">Mark Silverman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6405527" type="text/json">{"id":6405527,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Silverman","domain_name":"fandm","page_name":"MarkSilverman","display_name":"Mark Silverman","profile_url":"https://fandm.academia.edu/MarkSilverman?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6405527/2701414/6876583/s65_mark.silverman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9750568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9750568"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9750568, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9750568", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9750568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9750568; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9750568"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9750568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9750568"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9750568; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9750568]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9750568").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9750568").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9750568"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8303" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8303" type="text/json">{"id":8303,"name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Nietzsche?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="199829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Economics">Marxian Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="199829" type="text/json">{"id":199829,"name":"Marxian Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Economics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9750568]'), work: {"id":9750568,"title":"Overdetermined or Indeterminate? Remarks on Knowledge and Class","created_at":"2014-12-12T21:37:39.585-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9750568/Overdetermined_or_Indeterminate_Remarks_on_Knowledge_and_Class?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_9750568","summary":"This essay argues that Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff have conflated two distinct definitions of ‘‘overdetermination.’’ In the first, overdetermination describes a worldview wherein all entities and processes (including ‘‘theory’’) are constituted by all other processes. In the second, ‘‘overdetermination’’ describes a worldview wherein all entities and processes (again, including ‘‘theory’’) are caused by all other processes. An implication of the former view is that the essence of an entity cannot simply be read off of its individual existence, but is a function of its relations with all other entities. An implication of the latter view is that outcomes cannot be predicted in advance, regardless of the information given ex ante. The present essay argues that the second view does not necessarily follow from the first. Failure to distinguish between the two results from a confusion between an ability we (sometimes) have* the ability to predict events*and a metaphysical interpretation of that ability*the claim that entities have essences independently of one another.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35933290,"asset_id":9750568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6405527,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Silverman","domain_name":"fandm","page_name":"MarkSilverman","display_name":"Mark Silverman","profile_url":"https://fandm.academia.edu/MarkSilverman?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6405527/2701414/6876583/s65_mark.silverman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8303,"name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Nietzsche?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":199829,"name":"Marxian Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Economics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":370897,"name":"Marxian Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Political_Economy?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41373447" data-work_id="41373447" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41373447/Causal_Exclusion_and_Physical_Causal_Completeness">Causal Exclusion and Physical Causal Completeness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nonreductive physicalists endorse the principle of mental causation, according to which some events have mental causes: Sid climbs the hill because he wants to. Nonreductive physicalists also endorse the principle of physical causal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41373447" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nonreductive physicalists endorse the principle of mental causation, according to which some events have mental causes: Sid climbs the hill because he wants to. Nonreductive physicalists also endorse the principle of physical causal completeness, according to which physical events have sufficient physical causes: Sid climbs the hill because a complex neural process in his brain triggered his climbing. Critics typically level the causal exclusion problem against this nonreductive physicalist model, according to which the physical cause is a sufficient cause of the behavioural effect, so the mental cause is excluded from causally influencing Sid's behaviour. In this paper I demonstrate how numerous nonreductive physicalists have responded to the causal exclusion problem by weakening the principle of physical causal completeness in numerous ways. The result: either numerous nonreductive physicalist solutions fail on account of the fact that they do not satisfy a robustly defined principle of physical causal completeness, or there is an accelerating trend of solving the causal exclusion problem by suitably weakening the principle of physical causal completeness. onreductive physicalists endorse the principle of mental causation, according to which some events have mental causes: Sid climbs the hill because he wants to. Nonreductive physicalists also endorse the principle of physical causal completeness, according to which physical events have sufficient physical causes: Sid climbs the hill because a complex neural process in his brain triggered his climbing. Critics typically level the causal exclusion problem against this nonreductive physicalist model, according to which the physical cause is a sufficient cause of the behavioural effect, so the mental cause is excluded from causally influencing Sid's behaviour. In this paper I demonstrate how numerous nonreductive physicalists have responded to the causal exclusion problem by weakening the principle of physical causal completeness in various ways. The result: either numerous nonreductive physicalist solutions fail on account of the fact that they do not satisfy a robustly defined principle of physical causal completeness, or there is an accelerating trend of solving the causal exclusion problem by suitably relaxing the principle of physical causal completeness. This paper has eight parts. I outline the causal exclusion problem, paying attention to four necessary conditions for satisfying a robustly defined principle of physical causal completeness (§1). Namely, the principle of robust physical causal completeness stipulates that all physical</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41373447" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c14c0f0837cf18f3713d6189d079f797" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61571701,"asset_id":41373447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61571701/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41373447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41373447"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41373447, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41373447", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41373447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41373447; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41373447"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41373447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41373447"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41373447; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41373447]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41373447").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41373447").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41373447"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10150" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism">Physicalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10150" type="text/json">{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41373447]'), work: {"id":41373447,"title":"Causal Exclusion and Physical Causal Completeness","created_at":"2019-12-20T12:11:00.426-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41373447/Causal_Exclusion_and_Physical_Causal_Completeness?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_41373447","summary":"Nonreductive physicalists endorse the principle of mental causation, according to which some events have mental causes: Sid climbs the hill because he wants to. Nonreductive physicalists also endorse the principle of physical causal completeness, according to which physical events have sufficient physical causes: Sid climbs the hill because a complex neural process in his brain triggered his climbing. Critics typically level the causal exclusion problem against this nonreductive physicalist model, according to which the physical cause is a sufficient cause of the behavioural effect, so the mental cause is excluded from causally influencing Sid's behaviour. In this paper I demonstrate how numerous nonreductive physicalists have responded to the causal exclusion problem by weakening the principle of physical causal completeness in numerous ways. The result: either numerous nonreductive physicalist solutions fail on account of the fact that they do not satisfy a robustly defined principle of physical causal completeness, or there is an accelerating trend of solving the causal exclusion problem by suitably weakening the principle of physical causal completeness. onreductive physicalists endorse the principle of mental causation, according to which some events have mental causes: Sid climbs the hill because he wants to. Nonreductive physicalists also endorse the principle of physical causal completeness, according to which physical events have sufficient physical causes: Sid climbs the hill because a complex neural process in his brain triggered his climbing. Critics typically level the causal exclusion problem against this nonreductive physicalist model, according to which the physical cause is a sufficient cause of the behavioural effect, so the mental cause is excluded from causally influencing Sid's behaviour. In this paper I demonstrate how numerous nonreductive physicalists have responded to the causal exclusion problem by weakening the principle of physical causal completeness in various ways. The result: either numerous nonreductive physicalist solutions fail on account of the fact that they do not satisfy a robustly defined principle of physical causal completeness, or there is an accelerating trend of solving the causal exclusion problem by suitably relaxing the principle of physical causal completeness. This paper has eight parts. I outline the causal exclusion problem, paying attention to four necessary conditions for satisfying a robustly defined principle of physical causal completeness (§1). Namely, the principle of robust physical causal completeness stipulates that all physical","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61571701,"asset_id":41373447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":977926,"name":"Causal Closure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Closure?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40779462" data-work_id="40779462" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40779462/Mental_Causation_Autonomy_and_Action_Theory">Mental Causation, Autonomy and Action Theory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40779462" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7f5536c88155e7e693ddbf4ecb7c272" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61134122,"asset_id":40779462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61134122/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40779462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40779462"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40779462, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40779462", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40779462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40779462; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40779462"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40779462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40779462"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40779462; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40779462]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40779462").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40779462").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40779462"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14805" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Theory">Action Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14805" type="text/json">{"id":14805,"name":"Action Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40779462]'), work: {"id":40779462,"title":"Mental Causation, Autonomy and Action Theory","created_at":"2019-10-29T10:06:13.757-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40779462/Mental_Causation_Autonomy_and_Action_Theory?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_40779462","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61134122,"asset_id":40779462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":14805,"name":"Action Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7162843" data-work_id="7162843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7162843/The_Causal_Exclusion_Problem_2014_">The Causal Exclusion Problem (2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7162843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8dbaa387430c252aa39b7eba2c6e7a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33794517,"asset_id":7162843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33794517/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7162843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7162843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7162843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7162843", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7162843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7162843; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7162843"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7162843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7162843"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7162843; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7162843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7162843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7162843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7162843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10148" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Mind">Metaphysics of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10148" type="text/json">{"id":10148,"name":"Metaphysics of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7162843]'), work: {"id":7162843,"title":"The Causal Exclusion Problem (2014)","created_at":"2014-05-26T06:54:24.893-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7162843/The_Causal_Exclusion_Problem_2014_?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_7162843","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33794517,"asset_id":7162843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10148,"name":"Metaphysics of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":101325,"name":"Jaegwon Kim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":213994,"name":"Nonreductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonreductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7686082" data-work_id="7686082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7686082/Carbon_Leakage_and_the_Argument_from_No_Difference">Carbon Leakage and the Argument from No Difference</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Critics of carbon mitigation often appeal to what Jonathan Glover has called ‘the argument from no difference’: that is, ‘If I don’t do it, someone else will’. Yet even if this justifies continued high emissions by the industrialised... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7686082" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Critics of carbon mitigation often appeal to what Jonathan Glover has called ‘the argument from no difference’: that is, ‘If I don’t do it, someone else will’. Yet even if this justifies continued high emissions by the industrialised countries, it cannot excuse business as usual. The North’s emissions might not harm the victims of climate change in the sense of making them worse off than they would otherwise be. Nevertheless, it receives benefits produced at the latter’s expense, with the result that it has more than it deserves, and that victims will have less.  This enrichment is unjust; unjustly enriched agents ought to make compensation. The best form of compensation is vigorous action against climate change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7686082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c4921daca5b278cb656795e0707b843" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38259729,"asset_id":7686082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38259729/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3876714" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/MatthewRendall">Matthew Rendall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3876714" type="text/json">{"id":3876714,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Rendall","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"MatthewRendall","display_name":"Matthew Rendall","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/MatthewRendall?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3876714/1430708/4520260/s65_matthew.rendall.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7686082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7686082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7686082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7686082", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7686082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7686082; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7686082"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7686082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7686082"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7686082; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7686082]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7686082").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7686082").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7686082"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consequentialism">Consequentialism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12977" type="text/json">{"id":12977,"name":"Consequentialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consequentialism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41757" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_ethics">Climate ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41757" type="text/json">{"id":41757,"name":"Climate ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_ethics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123991" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unjust_Enrichment">Unjust Enrichment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123991" type="text/json">{"id":123991,"name":"Unjust Enrichment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unjust_Enrichment?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7686082]'), work: {"id":7686082,"title":"Carbon Leakage and the Argument from No Difference","created_at":"2014-07-16T08:18:09.213-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7686082/Carbon_Leakage_and_the_Argument_from_No_Difference?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_7686082","summary":"Critics of carbon mitigation often appeal to what Jonathan Glover has called ‘the argument from no difference’: that is, ‘If I don’t do it, someone else will’. Yet even if this justifies continued high emissions by the industrialised countries, it cannot excuse business as usual. The North’s emissions might not harm the victims of climate change in the sense of making them worse off than they would otherwise be. Nevertheless, it receives benefits produced at the latter’s expense, with the result that it has more than it deserves, and that victims will have less. This enrichment is unjust; unjustly enriched agents ought to make compensation. The best form of compensation is vigorous action against climate change.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38259729,"asset_id":7686082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3876714,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Rendall","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"MatthewRendall","display_name":"Matthew Rendall","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/MatthewRendall?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3876714/1430708/4520260/s65_matthew.rendall.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12977,"name":"Consequentialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consequentialism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":41757,"name":"Climate ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_ethics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":123991,"name":"Unjust Enrichment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unjust_Enrichment?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":1036084,"name":"Carbon Leakage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Leakage?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45458537" data-work_id="45458537" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45458537/Reproducci%C3%B3n_y_lucha_de_clases_Bosquejo_de_una_lectura_althusseriana_del_neoliberalismo_Reproduction_and_Class_Struggle_Outline_of_an_Althusserian_Reading_of_Neoliberalism">Reproducción y lucha de clases. Bosquejo de una lectura althusseriana del neoliberalismo / Reproduction and Class Struggle. Outline of an Althusserian Reading of Neoliberalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen: A partir de un breve recorrido por tres perspectivas impor-tantes para el abordaje crítico del llamado "neoliberalismo", el artículo identifica una vacancia común en su caracterización como momento pos-hegemónico del capitalismo,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45458537" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen: A partir de un breve recorrido por tres perspectivas impor-tantes para el abordaje crítico del llamado "neoliberalismo", el artículo identifica una vacancia común en su caracterización como momento pos-hegemónico del capitalismo, como racionalidad de gobierno de las subjetividades o como articulación hegemónica. En todos los casos se trata de análisis que, basándose en la detección de un rasgo de la for-mación social neoliberal-la lógica del Capital, del Poder, o de las arti-culaciones políticas-, encuentran serias dificultades para pensar su ins-cripción en la complejidad sobredeterminada de la totalidad histórica. A partir de esa lectura, se propone una revisita de la Teoría de la Reproduc-ción Social formulada por Louis Althusser hacia fines de los años sesenta, y se pone el foco en la pregunta por el complejo de relaciones, tendencias</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45458537" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4454789159b5307158a41ab6f9b9ea35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65965011,"asset_id":45458537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65965011/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2584832" href="https://uba.academia.edu/nataliarome">Natalia Romé</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2584832" type="text/json">{"id":2584832,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Romé","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"nataliarome","display_name":"Natalia Romé","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/nataliarome?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2584832/12252060/13643027/s65_natalia.rom_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45458537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45458537"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45458537, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45458537", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45458537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45458537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45458537"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45458537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45458537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45458537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45458537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45458537").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45458537").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45458537"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8428" type="text/json">{"id":8428,"name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12421" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberal_ideologies">Neoliberal ideologies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12421" type="text/json">{"id":12421,"name":"Neoliberal ideologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberal_ideologies?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156180" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduccion_social">Reproducción social</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="156180" type="text/json">{"id":156180,"name":"Reproducción social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduccion_social?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45458537]'), work: {"id":45458537,"title":"Reproducción y lucha de clases. Bosquejo de una lectura althusseriana del neoliberalismo / Reproduction and Class Struggle. Outline of an Althusserian Reading of Neoliberalism","created_at":"2021-03-10T12:31:16.651-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45458537/Reproducci%C3%B3n_y_lucha_de_clases_Bosquejo_de_una_lectura_althusseriana_del_neoliberalismo_Reproduction_and_Class_Struggle_Outline_of_an_Althusserian_Reading_of_Neoliberalism?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_45458537","summary":"Resumen: A partir de un breve recorrido por tres perspectivas impor-tantes para el abordaje crítico del llamado \"neoliberalismo\", el artículo identifica una vacancia común en su caracterización como momento pos-hegemónico del capitalismo, como racionalidad de gobierno de las subjetividades o como articulación hegemónica. En todos los casos se trata de análisis que, basándose en la detección de un rasgo de la for-mación social neoliberal-la lógica del Capital, del Poder, o de las arti-culaciones políticas-, encuentran serias dificultades para pensar su ins-cripción en la complejidad sobredeterminada de la totalidad histórica. A partir de esa lectura, se propone una revisita de la Teoría de la Reproduc-ción Social formulada por Louis Althusser hacia fines de los años sesenta, y se pone el foco en la pregunta por el complejo de relaciones, tendencias","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65965011,"asset_id":45458537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2584832,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Romé","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"nataliarome","display_name":"Natalia Romé","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/nataliarome?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2584832/12252060/13643027/s65_natalia.rom_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8428,"name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":12421,"name":"Neoliberal ideologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberal_ideologies?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":156180,"name":"Reproducción social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduccion_social?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=172660"},{"id":165056,"name":"Autoritarismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoritarismo?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":613505,"name":"Neoliberalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalismo?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1755897,"name":"Social Reproduction Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Reproduction_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2453683,"name":"Macrismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrismo?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25409359" data-work_id="25409359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25409359/Explanatory_Exclusion_and_Mental_Explanation">Explanatory Exclusion and Mental Explanation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25409359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d0ca6976503d49ba8b3d3a7232b7511" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45723598,"asset_id":25409359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45723598/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25409359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25409359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25409359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25409359", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25409359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25409359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25409359"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25409359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25409359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25409359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25409359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25409359").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25409359").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25409359"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12052" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exclusion">Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12052" type="text/json">{"id":12052,"name":"Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25409359]'), work: {"id":25409359,"title":"Explanatory Exclusion and Mental Explanation","created_at":"2016-05-17T14:37:02.233-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25409359/Explanatory_Exclusion_and_Mental_Explanation?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_25409359","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45723598,"asset_id":25409359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":12052,"name":"Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10617090" data-work_id="10617090" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10617090/No_Physical_Particles_for_a_Dispositional_Monist">No Physical Particles for a Dispositional Monist?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A dispositional monist believes that all properties are essentially causal. Recently, an overdetermination argument has been proposed by Trenton Merricks to support nihilism about ordinary objects. I argue that this argument can be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10617090" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A dispositional monist believes that all properties are essentially causal. Recently, an overdetermination argument has been proposed by Trenton Merricks to support nihilism about ordinary objects. I argue that this argument can be extended to target both nihilism about ordinary objects and nihilism about physical particles when dispositional monism is assumed. It implies that a philosopher who both endorses dispositional monism and takes seriously the overdetermination argument should not believe in the existence of physical particles. I end up by discussing possible objections. I suggest, then, that if we live in a world that is inhabited by causal properties but not by chairs and tables, then we also live in a world without electrons and quarks, a world of dispositional properties, that is, a world of causal fields.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10617090" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23e0a8c9ae4fe5796d049d5ceb823faf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47967679,"asset_id":10617090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47967679/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="886452" href="https://unige.academia.edu/BaptisteLeBihan">Baptiste Le Bihan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="886452" type="text/json">{"id":886452,"first_name":"Baptiste","last_name":"Le Bihan","domain_name":"unige","page_name":"BaptisteLeBihan","display_name":"Baptiste Le Bihan","profile_url":"https://unige.academia.edu/BaptisteLeBihan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/886452/322961/18660807/s65_baptiste.le_bihan.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10617090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10617090"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10617090, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10617090", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10617090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10617090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10617090"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10617090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10617090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10617090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10617090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10617090").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10617090").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10617090"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="805" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology">Ontology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="805" type="text/json">{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10617090]'), work: {"id":10617090,"title":"No Physical Particles for a Dispositional Monist?","created_at":"2015-02-08T09:32:38.933-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10617090/No_Physical_Particles_for_a_Dispositional_Monist?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_10617090","summary":"A dispositional monist believes that all properties are essentially causal. Recently, an overdetermination argument has been proposed by Trenton Merricks to support nihilism about ordinary objects. I argue that this argument can be extended to target both nihilism about ordinary objects and nihilism about physical particles when dispositional monism is assumed. It implies that a philosopher who both endorses dispositional monism and takes seriously the overdetermination argument should not believe in the existence of physical particles. I end up by discussing possible objections. I suggest, then, that if we live in a world that is inhabited by causal properties but not by chairs and tables, then we also live in a world without electrons and quarks, a world of dispositional properties, that is, a world of causal fields.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47967679,"asset_id":10617090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":886452,"first_name":"Baptiste","last_name":"Le Bihan","domain_name":"unige","page_name":"BaptisteLeBihan","display_name":"Baptiste Le Bihan","profile_url":"https://unige.academia.edu/BaptisteLeBihan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/886452/322961/18660807/s65_baptiste.le_bihan.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":914,"name":"Metaphysics of properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_properties?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11855,"name":"Mereology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mereology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":15093,"name":"Dispositions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dispositions?f_ri=172660"},{"id":42413,"name":"Eliminativism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eliminativism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":51265,"name":"Philosophie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophie?f_ri=172660"},{"id":71133,"name":"Métaphysique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M%C3%A9taphysique?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_870821" data-work_id="870821" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/870821/Emerging_From_the_Causal_Drain">Emerging From the Causal Drain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For nearly twenty years, Jaegwon Kim’s Causal Exclusion Argument has stood as the major hurdle for non-reductive physicalism. If successful, Kim’s argument would show that the high-level properties posited by non-reductive physicalists... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_870821" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For nearly twenty years, Jaegwon Kim’s Causal Exclusion Argument has stood as the major hurdle for non-reductive physicalism. If successful, Kim’s argument would show that the high-level properties posited by non-reductive physicalists must either be identical with lower-level physical properties, or else must be causally inert. The most prominent objection to the Causal Exclusion Argument—the so called Overdetermination objection—points out that there are some notions of causation that are left untouched by the argument. If causation is simply counterfactual dependence, for example, then the Causal Exclusion Argument Fails. Thus, much of the existing debate turns on the issue of which account of causation is appropriate. In this paper, however, I take a bolder approach and argue that Kim’s preferred version of the Causal Exclusion Argument fails no matter what account one gives of causation. Any notion of causation that is strong enough to support the premises of the argument is too strong to play the role required in the logic of the argument. I also consider a second version of the Causal Exclusion Argument, and suggest that although it may avoid the problems of the first version, it begs the question against a particular form of non-reductive physicalism, namely emergentism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/870821" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ad7d2e59660b78b063ea4b5f7756b5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5501100,"asset_id":870821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5501100/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="170241" href="https://utas.academia.edu/RichardCorry">Richard Corry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="170241" type="text/json">{"id":170241,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Corry","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"RichardCorry","display_name":"Richard Corry","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/RichardCorry?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/170241/42827/19798654/s65_richard.corry.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_870821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="870821"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 870821, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_870821", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_870821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 870821; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_870821"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_870821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="870821"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 870821; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=870821]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_870821").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_870821").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="870821"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation">Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8220" type="text/json">{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33906" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergentism">Emergentism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33906" type="text/json">{"id":33906,"name":"Emergentism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergentism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=870821]'), work: {"id":870821,"title":"Emerging From the Causal Drain","created_at":"2011-08-30T11:44:27.977-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/870821/Emerging_From_the_Causal_Drain?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_870821","summary":"For nearly twenty years, Jaegwon Kim’s Causal Exclusion Argument has stood as the major hurdle for non-reductive physicalism. If successful, Kim’s argument would show that the high-level properties posited by non-reductive physicalists must either be identical with lower-level physical properties, or else must be causally inert. The most prominent objection to the Causal Exclusion Argument—the so called Overdetermination objection—points out that there are some notions of causation that are left untouched by the argument. If causation is simply counterfactual dependence, for example, then the Causal Exclusion Argument Fails. Thus, much of the existing debate turns on the issue of which account of causation is appropriate. In this paper, however, I take a bolder approach and argue that Kim’s preferred version of the Causal Exclusion Argument fails no matter what account one gives of causation. Any notion of causation that is strong enough to support the premises of the argument is too strong to play the role required in the logic of the argument. I also consider a second version of the Causal Exclusion Argument, and suggest that although it may avoid the problems of the first version, it begs the question against a particular form of non-reductive physicalism, namely emergentism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5501100,"asset_id":870821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":170241,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Corry","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"RichardCorry","display_name":"Richard Corry","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/RichardCorry?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/170241/42827/19798654/s65_richard.corry.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":33906,"name":"Emergentism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergentism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60453,"name":"Supervenience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":212616,"name":"Non-Reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35050029" data-work_id="35050029" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35050029/%D8%AA%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C">تعین چندجانبه از تولد تا مطالعات فرهنگی</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35050029" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ba32402cfca747939760b2c4bd8ed8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54910505,"asset_id":35050029,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54910505/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38782282" href="https://allameh.academia.edu/ShahrzadAkbar">Shahrzad Akbar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38782282" type="text/json">{"id":38782282,"first_name":"Shahrzad","last_name":"Akbar","domain_name":"allameh","page_name":"ShahrzadAkbar","display_name":"Shahrzad Akbar","profile_url":"https://allameh.academia.edu/ShahrzadAkbar?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38782282/18205437/18189070/s65_shahrzad.akbar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35050029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35050029"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35050029, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35050029", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35050029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35050029; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35050029"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35050029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35050029"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35050029; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35050029]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35050029").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35050029").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35050029"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8428" type="text/json">{"id":8428,"name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8487" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8487" type="text/json">{"id":8487,"name":"Sigmund Freud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35050029]'), work: {"id":35050029,"title":"تعین چندجانبه از تولد تا مطالعات فرهنگی","created_at":"2017-11-04T03:00:11.390-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35050029/%D8%AA%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_35050029","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54910505,"asset_id":35050029,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38782282,"first_name":"Shahrzad","last_name":"Akbar","domain_name":"allameh","page_name":"ShahrzadAkbar","display_name":"Shahrzad Akbar","profile_url":"https://allameh.academia.edu/ShahrzadAkbar?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38782282/18205437/18189070/s65_shahrzad.akbar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8428,"name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8487,"name":"Sigmund Freud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":697801,"name":"مطالعات فرهنگی","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27402217" data-work_id="27402217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27402217/_Beware_of_Contingency_Environment_and_Planning_D_Society_and_Space">"Beware of Contingency", Environment and Planning D: Society and Space</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper provides a detailed theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between contingency and necessity, and applies it to major schools of thought in the social sciences. Key words: social theory; cultural theory;... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27402217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper provides a detailed theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between contingency and necessity, and applies it to major schools of thought in the social sciences. <br /> <br />Key words: social theory; cultural theory; political theory; legal theory; political economy;  historiography; social sciences; historical institutionalism; epistemology; gender studies; <br /> <br />How to cite: <br />Simandan, D. (2010) Beware of contingency. Environment and planning D: Society and Space, 28(3), pp. 388 - 396.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27402217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8010375e36588b285eab5e8aa1a0059d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48931766,"asset_id":27402217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48931766/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51520644" href="https://brocku.academia.edu/DragosSimandan">Dragos Simandan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51520644" type="text/json">{"id":51520644,"first_name":"Dragos","last_name":"Simandan","domain_name":"brocku","page_name":"DragosSimandan","display_name":"Dragos Simandan","profile_url":"https://brocku.academia.edu/DragosSimandan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51520644/13647557/43927866/s65_dragos.simandan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27402217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27402217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27402217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27402217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27402217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27402217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27402217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27402217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27402217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27402217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27402217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27402217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27402217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27402217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">404</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Systems_Engineering">Control Systems Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78" type="text/json">{"id":78,"name":"Control Systems Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Systems_Engineering?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27402217]'), work: {"id":27402217,"title":"\"Beware of Contingency\", Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","created_at":"2016-07-30T17:51:46.134-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27402217/_Beware_of_Contingency_Environment_and_Planning_D_Society_and_Space?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_27402217","summary":"The paper provides a detailed theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between contingency and necessity, and applies it to major schools of thought in the social sciences. \r\n\r\nKey words: social theory; cultural theory; political theory; legal theory; political economy; historiography; social sciences; historical institutionalism; epistemology; gender studies; \r\n\r\nHow to cite:\r\nSimandan, D. (2010) Beware of contingency. Environment and planning D: Society and Space, 28(3), pp. 388 - 396.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48931766,"asset_id":27402217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51520644,"first_name":"Dragos","last_name":"Simandan","domain_name":"brocku","page_name":"DragosSimandan","display_name":"Dragos Simandan","profile_url":"https://brocku.academia.edu/DragosSimandan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51520644/13647557/43927866/s65_dragos.simandan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":78,"name":"Control Systems Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Systems_Engineering?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":153,"name":"Landscape Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Ecology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":196,"name":"Future Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Future_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=172660"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":211,"name":"Sociology of Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Culture?f_ri=172660"},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=172660"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":266,"name":"Historical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":278,"name":"Environmental Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":279,"name":"Regional Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":281,"name":"Physical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=172660"},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=172660"},{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=172660"},{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=172660"},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=172660"},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":750,"name":"Institutional Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Economics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":757,"name":"Game Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Game_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=172660"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=172660"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=172660"},{"id":851,"name":"Complex Systems Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Systems_Science?f_ri=172660"},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=172660"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":938,"name":"Critical Discourse Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":948,"name":"Historical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=172660"},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":968,"name":"Scepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scepticism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=172660"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1060,"name":"Legal Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Education?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1074,"name":"Organizational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1230,"name":"Social Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1324,"name":"Organizational Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1562,"name":"Sociology of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Law?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1568,"name":"Film Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1708,"name":"Philosophical Scepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Scepticism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1735,"name":"History of Economic Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Economic_Thought?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2064,"name":"Critical Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geopolitics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2421,"name":"Radical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2489,"name":"Policy Analysis and Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2537,"name":"Heuristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2562,"name":"Philosophical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Theology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2784,"name":"Judgment and decision making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judgment_and_decision_making?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2899,"name":"Critical Realism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Realism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2993,"name":"Sociology of Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3114,"name":"Queer Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3115,"name":"Posthumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumanism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3155,"name":"Complexity Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complexity_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3248,"name":"Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constructivism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3416,"name":"Organisational Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organisational_Change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3624,"name":"Epistemology (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology_Anthropology_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3767,"name":"Law and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Society?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3768,"name":"Legal Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Anthropology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4005,"name":"Feminist Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4124,"name":"Feminist Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4165,"name":"Fuzzy Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Logic?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4432,"name":"Theoretical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Psychology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4474,"name":"Critical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Thinking?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4823,"name":"Critical Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Legal_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4868,"name":"Deconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deconstruction?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5045,"name":"Critical Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Social_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5372,"name":"Post-Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Marxism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5460,"name":"Conceptual Metaphor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Metaphor?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5512,"name":"Narrative and interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_and_interpretation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5513,"name":"Narratology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narratology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5535,"name":"Critical Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Security_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5538,"name":"Discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5539,"name":"Language and Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Ideology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5748,"name":"Power System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5975,"name":"Institutional Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5976,"name":"Institutional Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6059,"name":"Causal reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_reasoning?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6085,"name":"Conceptual change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6275,"name":"Tourism Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6492,"name":"Storytelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storytelling?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6519,"name":"Cultural Landscapes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Landscapes?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6612,"name":"Legal Pluralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Pluralism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6784,"name":"Contemporary French Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_French_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":6964,"name":"History of concepts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_concepts?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7150,"name":"Complex Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Systems?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7229,"name":"Critical Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Criminology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":7904,"name":"Humanistic psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanistic_psychology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8209,"name":"Decision And Game Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_And_Game_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8210,"name":"Behavioral Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Decision_Making?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8215,"name":"Conceptual Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Modelling?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8230,"name":"Socio-legal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-legal_studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8302,"name":"Gilles Deleuze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gilles_Deleuze?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8303,"name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friedrich_Nietzsche?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8367,"name":"Complexity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complexity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8487,"name":"Sigmund Freud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8667,"name":"Metacognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metacognition?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9434,"name":"Chaos Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chaos_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9465,"name":"Philosophy of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9834,"name":"Gender Discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Discourse?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":9879,"name":"Rural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10191,"name":"Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justice?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10444,"name":"Postmodernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodernism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10536,"name":"Geographical education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographical_education?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10633,"name":"Critical Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11010,"name":"Communication Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11166,"name":"Contemporary Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Social_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11510,"name":"Deleuze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deleuze?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11820,"name":"Modeling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault?f_ri=172660"},{"id":12040,"name":"Jacques Derrida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Derrida?f_ri=172660"},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=172660"},{"id":12161,"name":"Gabriel Tarde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gabriel_Tarde?f_ri=172660"},{"id":12194,"name":"Critical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":12317,"name":"Judith Butler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judith_Butler?f_ri=172660"},{"id":12354,"name":"Epistemic Justification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemic_Justification?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13330,"name":"Complex Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Networks?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13340,"name":"Pierre Bourdieu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pierre_Bourdieu?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13801,"name":"Social Constructionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Constructionism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13803,"name":"Nietzsche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nietzsche?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13805,"name":"Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13833,"name":"Social Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13884,"name":"Concept Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concept_Mapping?f_ri=172660"},{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":14191,"name":"Philosophy of Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":14192,"name":"Legal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Ethics?f_ri=172660"},{"id":14510,"name":"Social construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_construction?f_ri=172660"},{"id":14782,"name":"Sociological Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociological_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":14800,"name":"Hermeneutics and Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hermeneutics_and_Narrative?f_ri=172660"},{"id":15071,"name":"Metaphysics of Modality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Modality?f_ri=172660"},{"id":15236,"name":"Virtue Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":15482,"name":"Structuralism/Post-Structuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structuralism_Post-Structuralism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":15943,"name":"How Jurisprudence Teaching Can be Contextualized","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/How_Jurisprudence_Teaching_Can_be_Contextualized?f_ri=172660"},{"id":16097,"name":"Decision Making Under Uncertainty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making_Under_Uncertainty?f_ri=172660"},{"id":16700,"name":"Legal interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_interpretation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":16701,"name":"Legal positivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_positivism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":16723,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":16742,"name":"Urban Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":16966,"name":"David Harvey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/David_Harvey?f_ri=172660"},{"id":17787,"name":"Social Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Constructivism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":17920,"name":"Social Constructionism/ Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Constructionism_Constructivism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":18297,"name":"Free Will","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will?f_ri=172660"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":18374,"name":"Religious Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":18384,"name":"Political Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":18640,"name":"Ideology and Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":18880,"name":"Narrative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Analysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":19030,"name":"Political Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":19211,"name":"Multi Criteria Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multi_Criteria_Decision_Making?f_ri=172660"},{"id":19818,"name":"Narrative Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":19915,"name":"Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gilles_Deleuze_and_Felix_Guattari?f_ri=172660"},{"id":20073,"name":"Bruno Latour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bruno_Latour?f_ri=172660"},{"id":20099,"name":"Sensitivity Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_Analysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":20705,"name":"Legal Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reasoning?f_ri=172660"},{"id":20715,"name":"Legal Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":20761,"name":"Concepts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concepts?f_ri=172660"},{"id":20851,"name":"Max Weber (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber_Philosophy_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":21010,"name":"Feminist Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":21284,"name":"Guilt/shame (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guilt_shame_Psychology_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":21938,"name":"History of Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Historiography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":22067,"name":"Institutions (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutions_Political_Science_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":22292,"name":"Political Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ideology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":22399,"name":"Conceptual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":22547,"name":"Social and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":22831,"name":"Landscape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape?f_ri=172660"},{"id":23193,"name":"Environmental Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Humanities?f_ri=172660"},{"id":23482,"name":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_S._Kuhn?f_ri=172660"},{"id":23631,"name":"Critical and Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_and_Cultural_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":23922,"name":"Dynamical systems and Chaos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamical_systems_and_Chaos?f_ri=172660"},{"id":23947,"name":"History and Philosophy of the Human Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Philosophy_of_the_Human_Sciences?f_ri=172660"},{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality?f_ri=172660"},{"id":24381,"name":"Teleology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teleology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":24769,"name":"Chaos/Complexity Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chaos_Complexity_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":25071,"name":"Moral Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":27573,"name":"Derrida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derrida?f_ri=172660"},{"id":28223,"name":"Historical Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":28523,"name":"Causal Inference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Inference?f_ri=172660"},{"id":28771,"name":"Contemporary Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29108,"name":"Feminist Literary Theory and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Literary_Theory_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29110,"name":"Ideology and Discourse Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29308,"name":"Socio-Legal Studies (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-Legal_Studies_Law_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29377,"name":"History of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29382,"name":"Emile Durkheim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emile_Durkheim?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29711,"name":"Skepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skepticism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29777,"name":"Free Will and Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility?f_ri=172660"},{"id":29901,"name":"History of geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_geography?f_ri=172660"},{"id":30359,"name":"Discourse Analysis (Research Methodology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis_Research_Methodology_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":30596,"name":"Control Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Systems?f_ri=172660"},{"id":30831,"name":"Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh (أصول الفقه)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodologies_of_jurisprudence_usul_al-fiqh_Swl_lfqh_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":31091,"name":"Complex Adaptive Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Adaptive_Systems?f_ri=172660"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=172660"},{"id":33688,"name":"Nonlinear Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_Control?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34292,"name":"Poststructuralist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralist_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34442,"name":"Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsibility?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34924,"name":"Contemporary Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Political_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":35344,"name":"Forecasting and Prediction Tools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting_and_Prediction_Tools?f_ri=172660"},{"id":35358,"name":"Uneven and Combined Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uneven_and_Combined_Development?f_ri=172660"},{"id":36387,"name":"Non-representational theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-representational_theories?f_ri=172660"},{"id":37723,"name":"Geography Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography_Education?f_ri=172660"},{"id":38870,"name":"Contemporary Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":39673,"name":"Feminism and Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism_and_Social_Justice?f_ri=172660"},{"id":41804,"name":"Epistemology of the Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology_of_the_Social_Sciences?f_ri=172660"},{"id":41982,"name":"Análisis del Discurso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/An%C3%A1lisis_del_Discurso?f_ri=172660"},{"id":44059,"name":"Social Complexity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Complexity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=172660"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":46571,"name":"Chance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chance?f_ri=172660"},{"id":47473,"name":"Theoretical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":47736,"name":"Decolonial Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolonial_Thought?f_ri=172660"},{"id":48045,"name":"Social transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_transformation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":48173,"name":"Narrativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrativity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=172660"},{"id":49185,"name":"Technological change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_change?f_ri=172660"},{"id":49565,"name":"Filosofía Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=172660"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":50363,"name":"Literatura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura?f_ri=172660"},{"id":51178,"name":"Counterfactual Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_Thinking?f_ri=172660"},{"id":51360,"name":"Economia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":52096,"name":"Foucault power/knowledge - discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foucault_power_knowledge_-_discourse?f_ri=172660"},{"id":52480,"name":"Sociologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":56667,"name":"Economía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econom%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":57407,"name":"Moral Blame","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Blame?f_ri=172660"},{"id":58662,"name":"Teologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teologia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60767,"name":"Epistemología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60903,"name":"Critical Legal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Legal_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60995,"name":"Criminologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminologia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":63804,"name":"Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutions?f_ri=172660"},{"id":64034,"name":"Teología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":64633,"name":"Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Society?f_ri=172660"},{"id":65449,"name":"Fatalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":67135,"name":"Psicología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":68297,"name":"Metodología y Teoría de la Investigación Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metodolog%C3%ADa_y_Teor%C3%ADa_de_la_Investigaci%C3%B3n_Social?f_ri=172660"},{"id":68311,"name":"Predestination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predestination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":69739,"name":"Framing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Framing?f_ri=172660"},{"id":69946,"name":"Contemporary Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":73069,"name":"Legal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal?f_ri=172660"},{"id":73569,"name":"Geografia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geografia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":76151,"name":"Determinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Determinism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":79471,"name":"Theoretical Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":79753,"name":"Narrativas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrativas?f_ri=172660"},{"id":83222,"name":"Economic Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Crisis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":85102,"name":"Story","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Story?f_ri=172660"},{"id":85159,"name":"Antropología Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa_Social?f_ri=172660"},{"id":87668,"name":"Personal epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_epistemology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":87762,"name":"Technological singularity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_singularity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":92257,"name":"Freedom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freedom?f_ri=172660"},{"id":92517,"name":"Antropología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":92776,"name":"Ciencias Sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencias_Sociales?f_ri=172660"},{"id":93395,"name":"Geografía Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Humana?f_ri=172660"},{"id":94565,"name":"Epistemologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemologia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":101708,"name":"Political Discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Discourse?f_ri=172660"},{"id":101756,"name":"Necessity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Necessity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":104788,"name":"História","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria?f_ri=172660"},{"id":116537,"name":"Heuristics and Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics_and_Biases?f_ri=172660"},{"id":129087,"name":"Randomness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomness?f_ri=172660"},{"id":131074,"name":"Paradigm Shifts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paradigm_Shifts?f_ri=172660"},{"id":139657,"name":"Frame Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frame_Analysis?f_ri=172660"},{"id":150370,"name":"Geografía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":152751,"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities_and_Social_Sciences?f_ri=172660"},{"id":157189,"name":"Development of complex societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_of_complex_societies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":160841,"name":"Ideologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideologia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":179800,"name":"Definition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Definition?f_ri=172660"},{"id":186000,"name":"Blame","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blame?f_ri=172660"},{"id":195480,"name":"Geografía Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=172660"},{"id":199933,"name":"History of Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Humanities?f_ri=172660"},{"id":205632,"name":"Pensamiento Complejo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pensamiento_Complejo?f_ri=172660"},{"id":206881,"name":"Contingency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contingency?f_ri=172660"},{"id":207939,"name":"Historiografia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiografia?f_ri=172660"},{"id":211174,"name":"Classical sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_sociology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":249410,"name":"Historiografía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiograf%C3%ADa?f_ri=172660"},{"id":253390,"name":"Free will and determinism debate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_will_and_determinism_debate?f_ri=172660"},{"id":256667,"name":"Arts and Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arts_and_Humanities?f_ri=172660"},{"id":303607,"name":"Epistemology of environmental sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology_of_environmental_sciences?f_ri=172660"},{"id":333618,"name":"Humanidades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanidades?f_ri=172660"},{"id":366010,"name":"Classical and Contemporary Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_and_Contemporary_Social_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=172660"},{"id":399361,"name":"Daniel Kahneman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daniel_Kahneman?f_ri=172660"},{"id":427740,"name":"Géographie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G%C3%A9ographie?f_ri=172660"},{"id":543323,"name":"Deleuze and Guattari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deleuze_and_Guattari?f_ri=172660"},{"id":578214,"name":"Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_of_Social_Sciences_and_Humanities?f_ri=172660"},{"id":615894,"name":"Victim Blaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victim_Blaming?f_ri=172660"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":620707,"name":"Philosophy of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Law-1?f_ri=172660"},{"id":717029,"name":"Stability and Chaos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stability_and_Chaos?f_ri=172660"},{"id":931697,"name":"Innovation \u0026 Change Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innovation_and_Change_Management-1?f_ri=172660"},{"id":977468,"name":"Doctrine of Predestination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Predestination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1109750,"name":"Ciencias Sociales Y Humanidades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencias_Sociales_Y_Humanidades?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1197942,"name":"Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1223709,"name":"Islamic law and jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1285481,"name":"Estudio De Tiempo Predeterminados","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estudio_De_Tiempo_Predeterminados?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75016066" data-work_id="75016066" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75016066/Emerging_from_the_causal_drain">Emerging from the causal drain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75016066" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dbe749758e34ae9b0aba097dff3a69d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82956860,"asset_id":75016066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82956860/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="170241" href="https://utas.academia.edu/RichardCorry">Richard Corry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="170241" type="text/json">{"id":170241,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Corry","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"RichardCorry","display_name":"Richard Corry","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/RichardCorry?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/170241/42827/19798654/s65_richard.corry.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75016066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75016066"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75016066, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75016066", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75016066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75016066; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75016066"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75016066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75016066"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75016066; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75016066]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75016066").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75016066").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75016066"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation">Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8220" type="text/json">{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75016066]'), work: {"id":75016066,"title":"Emerging from the causal drain","created_at":"2022-03-30T17:49:48.894-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75016066/Emerging_from_the_causal_drain?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_75016066","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82956860,"asset_id":75016066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":170241,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Corry","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"RichardCorry","display_name":"Richard Corry","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/RichardCorry?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/170241/42827/19798654/s65_richard.corry.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":33906,"name":"Emergentism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergentism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60453,"name":"Supervenience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":643053,"name":"Philosophical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Studies?f_ri=172660"},{"id":964431,"name":"Non reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8587266" data-work_id="8587266" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8587266/Binary_Solutions_for_Overdetermined_Systems_of_Linear_Equations">Binary Solutions for Overdetermined Systems of Linear Equations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents a finite step method for computing the binary solution of an overdetermined system of linear algebraic equations Ax = b, where A is an m x n real matrix of rank n < m, and b is a real m-vector. The method uses the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8587266" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents a finite step method for computing the binary solution of an overdetermined system of linear algebraic equations Ax  =  b, where A is an m x n real matrix of rank n  <  m, and b is a real m-vector. The method uses the optimal policy of dynamic programming along with the branch and bound concept. Numerical examples are given. The algorithm assumes the existence of a solution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8587266" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4514de7e996c4dce89a799c2bcda3fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34955311,"asset_id":8587266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34955311/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16747647" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SubhenduDas1">Subhendu Das</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16747647" type="text/json">{"id":16747647,"first_name":"Subhendu","last_name":"Das","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SubhenduDas1","display_name":"Subhendu Das","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SubhenduDas1?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8587266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8587266"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8587266, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8587266", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8587266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8587266; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8587266"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8587266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8587266"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8587266; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8587266]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8587266").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8587266").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8587266"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="312" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_Mathematical_Programming_">Optimization (Mathematical Programming)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="312" type="text/json">{"id":312,"name":"Optimization (Mathematical Programming)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_Mathematical_Programming_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10929" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_programming">Dynamic programming</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10929" type="text/json">{"id":10929,"name":"Dynamic programming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_programming?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12022" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis">Numerical Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12022" type="text/json">{"id":12022,"name":"Numerical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8587266]'), work: {"id":8587266,"title":"Binary Solutions for Overdetermined Systems of Linear Equations","created_at":"2014-10-01T05:36:19.667-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8587266/Binary_Solutions_for_Overdetermined_Systems_of_Linear_Equations?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_8587266","summary":"This paper presents a finite step method for computing the binary solution of an overdetermined system of linear algebraic equations Ax = b, where A is an m x n real matrix of rank n \u003c m, and b is a real m-vector. The method uses the optimal policy of dynamic programming along with the branch and bound concept. Numerical examples are given. The algorithm assumes the existence of a solution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34955311,"asset_id":8587266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16747647,"first_name":"Subhendu","last_name":"Das","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SubhenduDas1","display_name":"Subhendu Das","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SubhenduDas1?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":312,"name":"Optimization (Mathematical Programming)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_Mathematical_Programming_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10929,"name":"Dynamic programming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_programming?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":12022,"name":"Numerical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":527311,"name":"Branch and Bound Aplications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Branch_and_Bound_Aplications?f_ri=172660"},{"id":976512,"name":"Linear Equation Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Equation_Model?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_932207" data-work_id="932207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/932207/Causation_is_Macroscopic_but_not_Irreducible">Causation is Macroscopic but not Irreducible</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"In this paper I argue that causation is an essentially macroscopic phenomenon, and that mental causes are therefore capable of outcompeting their more specific physical realizers as causes of physical effects. But I also argue that any... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_932207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"In this paper I argue that causation is an essentially macroscopic phenomenon, and that mental causes are therefore capable of outcompeting their more specific physical realizers as causes of physical effects. But I also argue that any causes must be type-identical with physical properties, on pain of positing inexplicable physical conspiracies. I therefore allow <br />macroscopic mental causation, but only when it is physically reducible."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/932207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91d1dbfe747bd53db3f7347c80f70646" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30855262,"asset_id":932207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30855262/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="653290" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/DavidPapineau">David Papineau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="653290" type="text/json">{"id":653290,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Papineau","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"DavidPapineau","display_name":"David Papineau","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/DavidPapineau?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/653290/226308/264748/s65_david.papineau.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_932207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="932207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 932207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_932207", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_932207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 932207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_932207"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_932207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="932207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 932207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=932207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_932207").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_932207").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="932207"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation">Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8220" type="text/json">{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24089" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality">Causality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24089" type="text/json">{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=932207]'), work: {"id":932207,"title":"Causation is Macroscopic but not Irreducible","created_at":"2011-09-19T21:14:14.170-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/932207/Causation_is_Macroscopic_but_not_Irreducible?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_932207","summary":"\"In this paper I argue that causation is an essentially macroscopic phenomenon, and that mental causes are therefore capable of outcompeting their more specific physical realizers as causes of physical effects. But I also argue that any causes must be type-identical with physical properties, on pain of positing inexplicable physical conspiracies. I therefore allow\r\nmacroscopic mental causation, but only when it is physically reducible.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30855262,"asset_id":932207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":653290,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Papineau","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"DavidPapineau","display_name":"David Papineau","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/DavidPapineau?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/653290/226308/264748/s65_david.papineau.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60453,"name":"Supervenience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience?f_ri=172660"},{"id":101325,"name":"Jaegwon Kim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":964431,"name":"Non reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42775834" data-work_id="42775834" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42775834/Alternative_Possibilities_and_Causal_Overdetermination">Alternative Possibilities and Causal Overdetermination</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper argues against dismissing the Principle of Alternative Possibilities merely on the ground of so-called Frankfurt-style cases. Its main claims are that the interpretation of such cases depends on which substantive theory of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42775834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper argues against dismissing the Principle of Alternative Possibilities merely on the ground of so-called Frankfurt-style cases. Its main claims are that the interpretation of such cases depends on which substantive theory of responsibility one endorses and that Frankfurt-style cases all involve some form of causal overdetermination which can be interpreted either as being compatible with the potentially manipulated agent's ability to act otherwise or as a responsibility undermining constraint. The paper also argues that the possibility of such scenarios can support the truth of classical compatibilism as much as the truth of semicompatibilism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42775834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1d0ac1df133218daba576f670381dd03" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62999681,"asset_id":42775834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62999681/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62203181" href="https://ceu.academia.edu/FerencHuoranszki">Ferenc Huoranszki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62203181" type="text/json">{"id":62203181,"first_name":"Ferenc","last_name":"Huoranszki","domain_name":"ceu","page_name":"FerencHuoranszki","display_name":"Ferenc Huoranszki","profile_url":"https://ceu.academia.edu/FerencHuoranszki?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62203181/43162551/34393056/s65_ferenc.huoranszki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42775834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42775834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42775834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42775834", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42775834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42775834; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42775834"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42775834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42775834"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42775834; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42775834]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42775834").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42775834").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42775834"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation">Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8220" type="text/json">{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18297" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will">Free Will</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18297" type="text/json">{"id":18297,"name":"Free Will","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34442" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsibility">Responsibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34442" type="text/json">{"id":34442,"name":"Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsibility?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42775834]'), work: {"id":42775834,"title":"Alternative Possibilities and Causal Overdetermination","created_at":"2020-04-18T06:10:35.584-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42775834/Alternative_Possibilities_and_Causal_Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_42775834","summary":"This paper argues against dismissing the Principle of Alternative Possibilities merely on the ground of so-called Frankfurt-style cases. Its main claims are that the interpretation of such cases depends on which substantive theory of responsibility one endorses and that Frankfurt-style cases all involve some form of causal overdetermination which can be interpreted either as being compatible with the potentially manipulated agent's ability to act otherwise or as a responsibility undermining constraint. The paper also argues that the possibility of such scenarios can support the truth of classical compatibilism as much as the truth of semicompatibilism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62999681,"asset_id":42775834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62203181,"first_name":"Ferenc","last_name":"Huoranszki","domain_name":"ceu","page_name":"FerencHuoranszki","display_name":"Ferenc Huoranszki","profile_url":"https://ceu.academia.edu/FerencHuoranszki?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62203181/43162551/34393056/s65_ferenc.huoranszki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":18297,"name":"Free Will","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":34442,"name":"Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsibility?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19436237" data-work_id="19436237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19436237/Kims_Dilemma_Why_Mental_Causation_is_not_Productive">Kim's Dilemma: Why Mental Causation is not Productive</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Barry Loewer (2001, 2002, 2007) has argued that the nonreductive physicalist should respond to the exclusion problem by endorsing the overdetermination entailed by their view. Jaegwon Kim’s (2005, 2007) argument against this reply is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19436237" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Barry Loewer (2001, 2002, 2007) has argued that the nonreductive physicalist should respond to the exclusion problem by endorsing the overdetermination entailed by their view. Jaegwon Kim’s (2005, 2007) argument against this reply is based on the premise that mental causation must be a productive relation in order to sustain human agency. In this paper, I challenge the premise that mental causation is a productive relation by appealing to the underlying double prevention structure of the physiological mechanisms of human action. Since the causal pathways from an agent’s mental events to bodily movement involves an absence, mental causation is not productive. This places Kim in a troublesome dilemma in his debate with Loewer: either surrender mental causation or deny that causation is a productive relation. With the support offered for productive mental causation undermined, responses to the exclusion problem based on accepting overdetermination remain a viable option for the nonreductive physicalist.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19436237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eafb880081dab76acfeeea3e4e190b44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40618806,"asset_id":19436237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40618806/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34541" href="https://uco-us.academia.edu/AndrewRusso">Andrew Russo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34541" type="text/json">{"id":34541,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Russo","domain_name":"uco-us","page_name":"AndrewRusso","display_name":"Andrew Russo","profile_url":"https://uco-us.academia.edu/AndrewRusso?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34541/3239451/31984005/s65_andrew.russo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19436237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19436237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19436237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19436237", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19436237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19436237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19436237"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19436237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19436237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19436237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19436237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19436237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19436237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19436237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19436237]'), work: {"id":19436237,"title":"Kim's Dilemma: Why Mental Causation is not Productive","created_at":"2015-12-03T14:22:42.012-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19436237/Kims_Dilemma_Why_Mental_Causation_is_not_Productive?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_19436237","summary":"Barry Loewer (2001, 2002, 2007) has argued that the nonreductive physicalist should respond to the exclusion problem by endorsing the overdetermination entailed by their view. Jaegwon Kim’s (2005, 2007) argument against this reply is based on the premise that mental causation must be a productive relation in order to sustain human agency. In this paper, I challenge the premise that mental causation is a productive relation by appealing to the underlying double prevention structure of the physiological mechanisms of human action. Since the causal pathways from an agent’s mental events to bodily movement involves an absence, mental causation is not productive. This places Kim in a troublesome dilemma in his debate with Loewer: either surrender mental causation or deny that causation is a productive relation. With the support offered for productive mental causation undermined, responses to the exclusion problem based on accepting overdetermination remain a viable option for the nonreductive physicalist. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40618806,"asset_id":19436237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34541,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Russo","domain_name":"uco-us","page_name":"AndrewRusso","display_name":"Andrew Russo","profile_url":"https://uco-us.academia.edu/AndrewRusso?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34541/3239451/31984005/s65_andrew.russo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_224484" data-work_id="224484" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/224484/_Per_Marx_nonostante_Marx">"Per Marx", nonostante Marx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/224484" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc5e8e18419d71598a8709eb98321a3e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":830716,"asset_id":224484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/830716/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71411" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristianLoIacono">Cristian Lo Iacono</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71411" type="text/json">{"id":71411,"first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Lo Iacono","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristianLoIacono","display_name":"Cristian Lo Iacono","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristianLoIacono?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71411/19860/2876936/s65_cristian.lo_iacono.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_224484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="224484"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 224484, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_224484", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_224484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 224484; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_224484"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_224484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="224484"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 224484; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=224484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_224484").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_224484").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="224484"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11166" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Social_Theory">Contemporary Social Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11166" type="text/json">{"id":11166,"name":"Contemporary Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Social_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14774" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser">Althusser</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14774" type="text/json">{"id":14774,"name":"Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=224484]'), work: {"id":224484,"title":"\"Per Marx\", nonostante Marx","created_at":"2010-03-29T23:44:47.832-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/224484/_Per_Marx_nonostante_Marx?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_224484","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":830716,"asset_id":224484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71411,"first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Lo Iacono","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristianLoIacono","display_name":"Cristian Lo Iacono","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristianLoIacono?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71411/19860/2876936/s65_cristian.lo_iacono.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":11166,"name":"Contemporary Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Social_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":14774,"name":"Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_535887" data-work_id="535887" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/535887/Some_Evidence_For_Physicalism">Some Evidence For Physicalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This paper presents an irreducibly inductive argument for physicalism based on the causal closure of the physical (for which it argues), and defends the argument against various detractors.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/535887" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa7bbf173c4693cd432b60ce7ce9e710" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40237205,"asset_id":535887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40237205/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33952" href="https://missouri.academia.edu/AndrewMelnyk">Andrew Melnyk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33952" type="text/json">{"id":33952,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Melnyk","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"AndrewMelnyk","display_name":"Andrew Melnyk","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/AndrewMelnyk?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33952/11101/34964760/s65_andrew.melnyk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_535887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="535887"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 535887, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_535887", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_535887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 535887; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_535887"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_535887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="535887"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 535887; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=535887]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_535887").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_535887").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="535887"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9539" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism">Materialism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9539" type="text/json">{"id":9539,"name":"Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10148" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Mind">Metaphysics of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10148" type="text/json">{"id":10148,"name":"Metaphysics of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10150" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism">Physicalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10150" type="text/json">{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=535887]'), work: {"id":535887,"title":"Some Evidence For Physicalism","created_at":"2011-04-18T03:54:14.182-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/535887/Some_Evidence_For_Physicalism?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_535887","summary":"This paper presents an irreducibly inductive argument for physicalism based on the causal closure of the physical (for which it argues), and defends the argument against various detractors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40237205,"asset_id":535887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33952,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Melnyk","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"AndrewMelnyk","display_name":"Andrew Melnyk","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/AndrewMelnyk?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33952/11101/34964760/s65_andrew.melnyk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9539,"name":"Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10148,"name":"Metaphysics of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":195341,"name":"Mind-body problem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mind-body_problem?f_ri=172660"},{"id":977926,"name":"Causal Closure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Closure?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38596738" data-work_id="38596738" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38596738/Dualism_and_Exclusion">Dualism and Exclusion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many philosophers argue that exclusion arguments cannot exclude non-reductionist physicalist mental properties from being causes without excluding properties that are patently causal as well. List and Stoljar (2017) recently argued that a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38596738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many philosophers argue that exclusion arguments cannot exclude non-reductionist physicalist mental properties from being causes without excluding properties that are patently causal as well. List and Stoljar (2017) recently argued that a similar response to exclusion arguments is available to dualists as well, thereby challenging the predominant view that exclusion arguments undermine dualist theories of mind. In particular, List and Stol-jar maintain that exclusion arguments against dualism require a premise that states that, if a property is metaphysically distinct from the sufficient cause of an effect, this property cannot be a cause of that effect. I argue that this premise is indeed likely to exclude patently causal properties, but that exclusion arguments against dualism do not require this premise. The relation that enables metaphysically distinct properties to cause the same effect in the relevant way turns out to be tighter than the relation typically posited between dualist conscious properties and their underlying physical properties. It is therefore still plausible that the latter causally exclude the former and that compelling exclusion arguments against dualism can be formulated by using a weaker exclusion premise. I conclude by proposing such a formulation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38596738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a19b0619e1751cf25ea7643464be6c37" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58671193,"asset_id":38596738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58671193/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10525420" href="https://umu.academia.edu/BramVaassen">Bram Vaassen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10525420" type="text/json">{"id":10525420,"first_name":"Bram","last_name":"Vaassen","domain_name":"umu","page_name":"BramVaassen","display_name":"Bram Vaassen","profile_url":"https://umu.academia.edu/BramVaassen?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10525420/6962606/7851894/s65_bram.vaassen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38596738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38596738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38596738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38596738", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38596738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38596738; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38596738"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38596738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38596738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38596738; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38596738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38596738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38596738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38596738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation">Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8220" type="text/json">{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38596738]'), work: {"id":38596738,"title":"Dualism and Exclusion","created_at":"2019-03-21T02:20:46.694-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38596738/Dualism_and_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_38596738","summary":"Many philosophers argue that exclusion arguments cannot exclude non-reductionist physicalist mental properties from being causes without excluding properties that are patently causal as well. List and Stoljar (2017) recently argued that a similar response to exclusion arguments is available to dualists as well, thereby challenging the predominant view that exclusion arguments undermine dualist theories of mind. In particular, List and Stol-jar maintain that exclusion arguments against dualism require a premise that states that, if a property is metaphysically distinct from the sufficient cause of an effect, this property cannot be a cause of that effect. I argue that this premise is indeed likely to exclude patently causal properties, but that exclusion arguments against dualism do not require this premise. The relation that enables metaphysically distinct properties to cause the same effect in the relevant way turns out to be tighter than the relation typically posited between dualist conscious properties and their underlying physical properties. It is therefore still plausible that the latter causally exclude the former and that compelling exclusion arguments against dualism can be formulated by using a weaker exclusion premise. I conclude by proposing such a formulation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58671193,"asset_id":38596738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10525420,"first_name":"Bram","last_name":"Vaassen","domain_name":"umu","page_name":"BramVaassen","display_name":"Bram Vaassen","profile_url":"https://umu.academia.edu/BramVaassen?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10525420/6962606/7851894/s65_bram.vaassen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":51754,"name":"Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dualism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":111330,"name":"Philosophy of Mind (the hard problem of consciousness)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind_the_hard_problem_of_consciousness_?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":319501,"name":"Exclusion Argument","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exclusion_Argument?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28662612" data-work_id="28662612" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28662612/Mental_Causation_Compatibilism_and_Counterfactuals">Mental Causation, Compatibilism and Counterfactuals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">According to proponents of the causal exclusion problem, there cannot be a sufficient physical cause and a distinct mental cause of the same piece of behaviour. Increasingly, the causal exclusion problem is circumvented via this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28662612" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">According to proponents of the causal exclusion problem, there cannot be a sufficient physical cause and a distinct mental cause of the same piece of behaviour. Increasingly, the causal exclusion problem is circumvented via this compatibilist reasoning: a sufficient physical cause of the behavioural effect necessitates the mental cause of the behavioural effect, so the effect has a sufficient physical cause and a mental cause as well. In this paper, I argue that this compatibilist reply fails to resolve the causal exclusion problem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28662612" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccd9b5248d9a956484b5e9d9cde7542c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49039738,"asset_id":28662612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49039738/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28662612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28662612"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28662612, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28662612", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28662612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28662612; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28662612"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28662612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28662612"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28662612; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28662612]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28662612").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28662612").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28662612"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compatibilism">Compatibilism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38592" type="text/json">{"id":38592,"name":"Compatibilism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compatibilism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28662612]'), work: {"id":28662612,"title":"Mental Causation, Compatibilism and Counterfactuals","created_at":"2016-09-22T08:49:57.310-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28662612/Mental_Causation_Compatibilism_and_Counterfactuals?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_28662612","summary":"According to proponents of the causal exclusion problem, there cannot be a sufficient physical cause and a distinct mental cause of the same piece of behaviour. Increasingly, the causal exclusion problem is circumvented via this compatibilist reasoning: a sufficient physical cause of the behavioural effect necessitates the mental cause of the behavioural effect, so the effect has a sufficient physical cause and a mental cause as well. In this paper, I argue that this compatibilist reply fails to resolve the causal exclusion problem. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49039738,"asset_id":28662612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":38592,"name":"Compatibilism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compatibilism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":181443,"name":"Counterfactuals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactuals?f_ri=172660"},{"id":213994,"name":"Nonreductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonreductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65819116" data-work_id="65819116" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65819116/OMISSIVE_OVERDETERMINATION_WHY_THE_ACT_OMISSION_DISTINCTION_MAKES_A_DIFFERENCE_FOR_CAUSAL_ANALYSIS">OMISSIVE OVERDETERMINATION: WHY THE ACT-OMISSION DISTINCTION MAKES A DIFFERENCE FOR CAUSAL ANALYSIS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Analyses of factual causation face perennial problems, including preemption, overdetermination, and omissions. Arguably, the thorniest, are cases of omissive overdetermination, involving two independent omissions, each sufficient for the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65819116" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Analyses of factual causation face perennial problems, including preemption, overdetermination, and omissions. Arguably, the thorniest, are cases of omissive overdetermination, involving two independent omissions, each sufficient for the harm, and neither, independently, making a difference. A famous example is Saunders, where pedestrian was hit by a driver of a rental car who never pressed on the (unbeknownst to the driver) defective (and, negligently, never inspected) brakes. Causal intuitions in such cases are messy, reflected in disagreement about which omission mattered. What these analyses mistakenly take for granted, is that at issue is the 'efficacy' of each omission. I argue, on the contrary, the puzzle of omissive overdetermination favors taking the act/omission distinction seriously. Factual causation, properly understood precludes omissions (i.e. omissions are not causal). Of course, the law also attaches liability to omissions, but this works differently from liability for real causes (e.g. omissions have a duty requirement, they also respond differentially to differencemaking considerations). The manner in which liability attaches for omissions differs from that of straightforward causal liability, and is entirely dependent on the underlying causal structure. Attention to that structure (e.g. that the driver's hitting the pedestrian with his car is what actually caused the injury) sheds light on which omissions matter (e.g. driver's failure to press on the brakes) and why (because that failure removes a defense the driver would have to liability for the accident he caused). Other cases, where the parties' connection is entirely omissive (e.g. two physicians fail to detect independently lethal conditions), come out differently (tracking moralized elements). The analysis offered makes better sense of both why omissive determination cases are puzzling and how to resolve them.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65819116" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8781ffb468d69f0b3fc9677470d77275" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77250349,"asset_id":65819116,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77250349/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="243808" href="https://michiganstate.academia.edu/YuvalAbrams">Yuval Abrams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="243808" type="text/json">{"id":243808,"first_name":"Yuval","last_name":"Abrams","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"YuvalAbrams","display_name":"Yuval Abrams","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/YuvalAbrams?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/243808/2923031/14994062/s65_yuval.abrams.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65819116 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65819116"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65819116, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65819116", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65819116 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65819116; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65819116"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65819116 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65819116"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65819116; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65819116]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65819116").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65819116").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65819116"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74786" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Acts_and_Omissions">Doctrine of Acts and Omissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74786" type="text/json">{"id":74786,"name":"Doctrine of Acts and Omissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Acts_and_Omissions?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation_in_the_law">Causation in the law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281998" type="text/json">{"id":281998,"name":"Causation in the law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation_in_the_law?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="319500" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Omissions">Omissions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="319500" type="text/json">{"id":319500,"name":"Omissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Omissions?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65819116]'), work: {"id":65819116,"title":"OMISSIVE OVERDETERMINATION: WHY THE ACT-OMISSION DISTINCTION MAKES A DIFFERENCE FOR CAUSAL ANALYSIS","created_at":"2021-12-24T01:59:29.625-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65819116/OMISSIVE_OVERDETERMINATION_WHY_THE_ACT_OMISSION_DISTINCTION_MAKES_A_DIFFERENCE_FOR_CAUSAL_ANALYSIS?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_65819116","summary":"Analyses of factual causation face perennial problems, including preemption, overdetermination, and omissions. Arguably, the thorniest, are cases of omissive overdetermination, involving two independent omissions, each sufficient for the harm, and neither, independently, making a difference. A famous example is Saunders, where pedestrian was hit by a driver of a rental car who never pressed on the (unbeknownst to the driver) defective (and, negligently, never inspected) brakes. Causal intuitions in such cases are messy, reflected in disagreement about which omission mattered. What these analyses mistakenly take for granted, is that at issue is the 'efficacy' of each omission. I argue, on the contrary, the puzzle of omissive overdetermination favors taking the act/omission distinction seriously. Factual causation, properly understood precludes omissions (i.e. omissions are not causal). Of course, the law also attaches liability to omissions, but this works differently from liability for real causes (e.g. omissions have a duty requirement, they also respond differentially to differencemaking considerations). The manner in which liability attaches for omissions differs from that of straightforward causal liability, and is entirely dependent on the underlying causal structure. Attention to that structure (e.g. that the driver's hitting the pedestrian with his car is what actually caused the injury) sheds light on which omissions matter (e.g. driver's failure to press on the brakes) and why (because that failure removes a defense the driver would have to liability for the accident he caused). Other cases, where the parties' connection is entirely omissive (e.g. two physicians fail to detect independently lethal conditions), come out differently (tracking moralized elements). The analysis offered makes better sense of both why omissive determination cases are puzzling and how to resolve them.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77250349,"asset_id":65819116,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":243808,"first_name":"Yuval","last_name":"Abrams","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"YuvalAbrams","display_name":"Yuval Abrams","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/YuvalAbrams?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/243808/2923031/14994062/s65_yuval.abrams.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":74786,"name":"Doctrine of Acts and Omissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Acts_and_Omissions?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":281998,"name":"Causation in the law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation_in_the_law?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":319500,"name":"Omissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Omissions?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37920648" data-work_id="37920648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37920648/Rozpodobnienie_Naddeterminacja_postkolonialnej_pami%C4%99ci_w_tw%C3%B3rczo%C5%9Bci_Rabih_ego_Mrou%C3%A9go">Rozpodobnienie. Naddeterminacja postkolonialnej pamięci w twórczości Rabih’ego Mrouégo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article's author discusses three works by Rabih Mroué: the photo-collage series Diary of a Leap Year and the performances Three Posters (2000) and So Little Time (2017). The author scrutinizes Mroué’s references to Lebanon’s modern... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37920648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article's author discusses three works by Rabih Mroué: the photo-collage series Diary of a Leap Year and the performances Three Posters (2000) and So Little Time (2017). The author scrutinizes Mroué’s references to Lebanon’s modern history and – drawing upon a cultural analysis of the chosen works – proves that instrumentalization of collective memory discourses is one of the pivotal themes in the artist’s oeuvre. The author posits that Rabih Mroué reveals the arbitrary quality of the past’s representations through defamiliarization (ostranenie), and that his method bears an affinity to Derrida’s notions of deconstruction and decolonization.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37920648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22ee71f45e83190ece5467c663e67f74" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57932524,"asset_id":37920648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57932524/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3775461" href="https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/ArkadiuszPoltorak">Arkadiusz Półtorak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3775461" type="text/json">{"id":3775461,"first_name":"Arkadiusz","last_name":"Półtorak","domain_name":"jagiellonian","page_name":"ArkadiuszPoltorak","display_name":"Arkadiusz Półtorak","profile_url":"https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/ArkadiuszPoltorak?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3775461/1367446/21612457/s65_arkadiusz.p_torak.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37920648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37920648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37920648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37920648", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37920648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37920648; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37920648"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37920648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37920648"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37920648; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37920648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37920648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37920648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37920648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4868" type="text/json">{"id":4868,"name":"Deconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deconstruction?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6736" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6736" type="text/json">{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory">Cultural Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11483" type="text/json">{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51178" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_Thinking">Counterfactual Thinking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51178" type="text/json">{"id":51178,"name":"Counterfactual Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_Thinking?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37920648]'), work: {"id":37920648,"title":"Rozpodobnienie. Naddeterminacja postkolonialnej pamięci w twórczości Rabih’ego Mrouégo","created_at":"2018-12-05T13:57:07.807-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37920648/Rozpodobnienie_Naddeterminacja_postkolonialnej_pami%C4%99ci_w_tw%C3%B3rczo%C5%9Bci_Rabih_ego_Mrou%C3%A9go?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_37920648","summary":"The article's author discusses three works by Rabih Mroué: the photo-collage series Diary of a Leap Year and the performances Three Posters (2000) and So Little Time (2017). The author scrutinizes Mroué’s references to Lebanon’s modern history and – drawing upon a cultural analysis of the chosen works – proves that instrumentalization of collective memory discourses is one of the pivotal themes in the artist’s oeuvre. The author posits that Rabih Mroué reveals the arbitrary quality of the past’s representations through defamiliarization (ostranenie), and that his method bears an affinity to Derrida’s notions of deconstruction and decolonization. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57932524,"asset_id":37920648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3775461,"first_name":"Arkadiusz","last_name":"Półtorak","domain_name":"jagiellonian","page_name":"ArkadiuszPoltorak","display_name":"Arkadiusz Półtorak","profile_url":"https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/ArkadiuszPoltorak?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3775461/1367446/21612457/s65_arkadiusz.p_torak.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4868,"name":"Deconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deconstruction?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":51178,"name":"Counterfactual Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_Thinking?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":124382,"name":"Postcoloniality and decolonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcoloniality_and_decolonization?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":791037,"name":"Rabih Mroué","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabih_Mrou%C3%A9?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26083024" data-work_id="26083024" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26083024/Continuous_Creation_and_the_Scarecrow_of_Occasionalism">Continuous Creation and the Scarecrow of Occasionalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper we focus on the alleged threat of occasionalism continuous creation is often associated with. We intend to show it is possible to make the absolute sovereignty of God consistent with natural properties and the genuine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26083024" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper we focus on the alleged threat of occasionalism continuous creation is often associated with. We intend to show it is possible to make the absolute sovereignty of God consistent with natural properties and the genuine contribution of secondary causes. We therefore try to state that, on a timeless account of creation, the causal dependency upon God does not compromise, but warrants the true contribution of secondary causes. Talk of " primary " and " secondary " causes is then misleading, for it seems to imply that the former differ from the latter only in size and time. The timeless view of God's operation in continuous creation gives us both a sense of complete dependency of every existence and operation upon God, and genuine secondary causation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26083024" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dbfafa1afb587d990e367a34d8aa11a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46434723,"asset_id":26083024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46434723/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="69180" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PaulClavier">Paul Clavier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="69180" type="text/json">{"id":69180,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Clavier","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PaulClavier","display_name":"Paul Clavier","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PaulClavier?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69180/193575/5076125/s65_paul.clavier.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26083024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26083024"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26083024, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26083024", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26083024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26083024; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26083024"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26083024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26083024"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26083024; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26083024]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26083024").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26083024").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26083024"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21048" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Creation">Doctrine of Creation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21048" type="text/json">{"id":21048,"name":"Doctrine of Creation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Creation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49852" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occasionalism">Occasionalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49852" type="text/json">{"id":49852,"name":"Occasionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occasionalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="170678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theism">Theism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="170678" type="text/json">{"id":170678,"name":"Theism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26083024]'), work: {"id":26083024,"title":"Continuous Creation and the Scarecrow of Occasionalism","created_at":"2016-06-13T02:57:30.997-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26083024/Continuous_Creation_and_the_Scarecrow_of_Occasionalism?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_26083024","summary":"In this paper we focus on the alleged threat of occasionalism continuous creation is often associated with. We intend to show it is possible to make the absolute sovereignty of God consistent with natural properties and the genuine contribution of secondary causes. We therefore try to state that, on a timeless account of creation, the causal dependency upon God does not compromise, but warrants the true contribution of secondary causes. Talk of \" primary \" and \" secondary \" causes is then misleading, for it seems to imply that the former differ from the latter only in size and time. The timeless view of God's operation in continuous creation gives us both a sense of complete dependency of every existence and operation upon God, and genuine secondary causation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46434723,"asset_id":26083024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":69180,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Clavier","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PaulClavier","display_name":"Paul Clavier","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PaulClavier?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69180/193575/5076125/s65_paul.clavier.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21048,"name":"Doctrine of Creation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Creation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":49852,"name":"Occasionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occasionalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":170678,"name":"Theism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80809531" data-work_id="80809531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80809531/Law_and_Belief_A_Pragmatist_Interpretation_of_the_Althusserian_Conception_of_Legal_Ideology">Law and Belief: A Pragmatist Interpretation of the Althusserian Conception of Legal Ideology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">ABSTRACT</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80809531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3579281" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/MarcMaesschalck">Marc Maesschalck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3579281" type="text/json">{"id":3579281,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Maesschalck","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"MarcMaesschalck","display_name":"Marc Maesschalck","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/MarcMaesschalck?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3579281/1242926/1551605/s65_marc.maesschalck.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80809531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80809531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80809531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80809531", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80809531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80809531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80809531"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80809531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80809531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80809531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80809531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80809531").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80809531").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80809531"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="893" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="893" type="text/json">{"id":893,"name":"Pragmatism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80809531]'), work: {"id":80809531,"title":"Law and Belief: A Pragmatist Interpretation of the Althusserian Conception of Legal Ideology","created_at":"2022-06-06T02:33:12.761-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80809531/Law_and_Belief_A_Pragmatist_Interpretation_of_the_Althusserian_Conception_of_Legal_Ideology?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_80809531","summary":"ABSTRACT","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3579281,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Maesschalck","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"MarcMaesschalck","display_name":"Marc Maesschalck","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/MarcMaesschalck?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3579281/1242926/1551605/s65_marc.maesschalck.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":893,"name":"Pragmatism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=172660"},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=172660"},{"id":8428,"name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser?f_ri=172660"},{"id":11961,"name":"Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx?f_ri=172660"},{"id":14774,"name":"Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser?f_ri=172660"},{"id":17440,"name":"Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":20715,"name":"Legal Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"},{"id":40597,"name":"Social Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Criticism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":85702,"name":"Ideological State Apparatuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideological_State_Apparatuses?f_ri=172660"},{"id":92362,"name":"Belief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belief?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1639910,"name":"Critique of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Law?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33804142 coauthored" data-work_id="33804142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33804142/Psychical_contexts_of_subjectivity_and_performative_practices_of_remuneration_the_movement_of_desire_in_teaching_assistants_narratives_of_work">Psychical contexts of subjectivity and performative practices of remuneration: the movement of desire in teaching assistants' narratives of work</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A range of sociological work has theorized neoliberal regulative regimes, suggesting the contradictions contained in the enactment of policy and foregrounding the painful effects of these processes on subjectivities produced within... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33804142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A range of sociological work has theorized neoliberal regulative regimes, suggesting the contradictions contained in the enactment of policy and foregrounding the painful effects of these processes on subjectivities produced within performative school cultures. This paper contributes to this body of work by tracing the movement of desire in teaching assistants' subjective relations to workplace practices of remuneration. We do this through an analysis of a series of group and individual free associative interviews with teaching assistants working in primary schools. Drawing on a Lacanian account of the way processes of identification channel affect, as desire, through signifying chains within a discursive field, we explore the associative chains of meaning that overdetermine the subjectivities produced within performative practices of remuneration. We suggest that the complex and contradictory chains of signification embodied in the school environment constitute a space where fragile teaching assistant subjectivities reiterate previous relations to an ambiguous Other.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33804142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ddadd38e1e75cdb8c398bb27bd57966" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53790249,"asset_id":33804142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53790249/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4189003" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaLapping">Claudia Lapping</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4189003" type="text/json">{"id":4189003,"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Lapping","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaudiaLapping","display_name":"Claudia Lapping","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaLapping?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4189003/1641808/1978374/s65_claudia.lapping.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33804142">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33804142"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://essex.academia.edu/JasonGlynos">Jason Glynos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33804142'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33804142').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33804142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33804142"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33804142, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33804142", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33804142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33804142; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33804142"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33804142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33804142"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33804142; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33804142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33804142").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33804142").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33804142"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5374" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lacan">Lacan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5374" type="text/json">{"id":5374,"name":"Lacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lacan?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6013" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performativity">Performativity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6013" type="text/json">{"id":6013,"name":"Performativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performativity?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deleuze">Deleuze</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11510" type="text/json">{"id":11510,"name":"Deleuze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deleuze?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12420" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12420" type="text/json">{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33804142]'), work: {"id":33804142,"title":"Psychical contexts of subjectivity and performative practices of remuneration: the movement of desire in teaching assistants' narratives of work","created_at":"2017-07-07T07:30:36.423-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33804142/Psychical_contexts_of_subjectivity_and_performative_practices_of_remuneration_the_movement_of_desire_in_teaching_assistants_narratives_of_work?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_33804142","summary":"A range of sociological work has theorized neoliberal regulative regimes, suggesting the contradictions contained in the enactment of policy and foregrounding the painful effects of these processes on subjectivities produced within performative school cultures. This paper contributes to this body of work by tracing the movement of desire in teaching assistants' subjective relations to workplace practices of remuneration. We do this through an analysis of a series of group and individual free associative interviews with teaching assistants working in primary schools. Drawing on a Lacanian account of the way processes of identification channel affect, as desire, through signifying chains within a discursive field, we explore the associative chains of meaning that overdetermine the subjectivities produced within performative practices of remuneration. We suggest that the complex and contradictory chains of signification embodied in the school environment constitute a space where fragile teaching assistant subjectivities reiterate previous relations to an ambiguous Other.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53790249,"asset_id":33804142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4189003,"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Lapping","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaudiaLapping","display_name":"Claudia Lapping","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaLapping?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4189003/1641808/1978374/s65_claudia.lapping.jpg"},{"id":42197480,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Glynos","domain_name":"essex","page_name":"JasonGlynos","display_name":"Jason Glynos","profile_url":"https://essex.academia.edu/JasonGlynos?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42197480/15338462/15987527/s65_jason.glynos.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5374,"name":"Lacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lacan?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":6013,"name":"Performativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performativity?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":11510,"name":"Deleuze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deleuze?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":12677,"name":"Desire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desire?f_ri=172660"},{"id":54659,"name":"Subjectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subjectivity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":315990,"name":"Remuneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remuneration?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37961763" data-work_id="37961763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37961763/CASTING_A_SHADOW_ON_LEWISS_THEORY_OF_CAUSATION">CASTING A SHADOW ON LEWIS'S THEORY OF CAUSATION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">First I present a puzzle involving two opaque objects and a shadow cast on the ground. After I offer a solution to this puzzle by identifying which of the objects is causally responsible for the shadow, I argue that this case poses a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37961763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">First I present a puzzle involving two opaque objects and a shadow cast on the ground.  After I offer a solution to this puzzle by identifying which of the objects is causally responsible for the shadow, I argue that this case poses a counterexample to David Lewis’s latest counterfactual account of causation, known as his influence theory.  Along the way, I discuss preemption, overdetermination, absence causation, and trumping preemption.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37961763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00694d179d564f6cefaa58480d7234bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58350590,"asset_id":37961763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58350590/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24835567" href="https://bilkent.academia.edu/Erdin%C3%A7Sayan">Erdinç Sayan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24835567" type="text/json">{"id":24835567,"first_name":"Erdinç","last_name":"Sayan","domain_name":"bilkent","page_name":"ErdinçSayan","display_name":"Erdinç Sayan","profile_url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/Erdin%C3%A7Sayan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24835567/6722635/7634909/s65_erdin_.sayan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37961763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37961763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37961763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37961763", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37961763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37961763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37961763"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37961763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37961763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37961763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37961763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37961763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37961763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37961763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3082168" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/counterfactual_theory_of_causation">counterfactual theory of causation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3082168" type="text/json">{"id":3082168,"name":"counterfactual theory of causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/counterfactual_theory_of_causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37961763]'), work: {"id":37961763,"title":"CASTING A SHADOW ON LEWIS'S THEORY OF CAUSATION","created_at":"2018-12-12T00:02:01.723-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37961763/CASTING_A_SHADOW_ON_LEWISS_THEORY_OF_CAUSATION?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_37961763","summary":"First I present a puzzle involving two opaque objects and a shadow cast on the ground. After I offer a solution to this puzzle by identifying which of the objects is causally responsible for the shadow, I argue that this case poses a counterexample to David Lewis’s latest counterfactual account of causation, known as his influence theory. Along the way, I discuss preemption, overdetermination, absence causation, and trumping preemption.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58350590,"asset_id":37961763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24835567,"first_name":"Erdinç","last_name":"Sayan","domain_name":"bilkent","page_name":"ErdinçSayan","display_name":"Erdinç Sayan","profile_url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/Erdin%C3%A7Sayan?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24835567/6722635/7634909/s65_erdin_.sayan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":3082168,"name":"counterfactual theory of causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/counterfactual_theory_of_causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43327537" data-work_id="43327537" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43327537/A_sobredetermina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_atores_sociais_representados_nos_discursos_sobre_o_ensino_de_espanhol_no_Brasil_em_corpus_jornal%C3%ADstico">A sobredeterminação dos atores sociais representados nos discursos sobre o ensino de espanhol no Brasil em corpus jornalístico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">O aumento da demanda pelo ensino de espanhol no Brasil impõe um panorama de mudança em torno dos discursos sobre o ensino desse idioma no país. Os textos veiculados pela imprensa configuram um corpus lingüístico propenso a uma análise... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43327537" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">O aumento da demanda pelo ensino de espanhol no Brasil impõe um panorama de mudança em torno dos discursos sobre o ensino desse idioma no país. Os textos veiculados pela imprensa configuram um corpus lingüístico propenso a uma análise crítica da representação dos atores sociais que participam desse processo social e lingüístico de mudança. Na UFMG, o projeto Tradução, Mídia e Globalização (CNPq 302454/2007-1) investiga, entre outros, a produção de textos multilíngües, em jornais impressos e on-line, e aspectos de suas representações culturais e ideológicas. O presente trabalho, afiliado a esse projeto de pesquisa, focaliza o momento supracitado, numa visão crítica, mediante a análise de um corpus conformado por textos jornalísticos publicados no Brasil, na Espanha e na Argentina, entre 1998 e 2007. O referencial teórico utilizado é a Análise Crítica do Discurso, enquanto metodologia aplicada à compreensão dos momentos de mudança e de problemas sociais vigentes. Pela aplicação das categorias sócio-semânticas propostas por van Leeuwen (1996), são analisadas as diversas formas de representação por sobredeterminação observadas no corpus. Os resultados apontam a recorrência de anacronismos e simbolismos, que funcionam mantendo latente um passado de conquista, em momentos atuais de mudança social.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43327537" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9269dd1609fb8de15fd3b26f2da724f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63610840,"asset_id":43327537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63610840/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3229978" href="https://ufu.academia.edu/ArielNovodvorski">Ariel Novodvorski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3229978" type="text/json">{"id":3229978,"first_name":"Ariel","last_name":"Novodvorski","domain_name":"ufu","page_name":"ArielNovodvorski","display_name":"Ariel Novodvorski","profile_url":"https://ufu.academia.edu/ArielNovodvorski?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3229978/1063695/80881135/s65_ariel.novodvorski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43327537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43327537"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43327537, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43327537", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43327537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43327537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43327537"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43327537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43327537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43327537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43327537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43327537").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43327537").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43327537"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10611" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Functional_Linguistics">Systemic Functional Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10611" type="text/json">{"id":10611,"name":"Systemic Functional Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Functional_Linguistics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis">Critical Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10633" type="text/json">{"id":10633,"name":"Critical Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12492" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics">Spanish Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12492" type="text/json">{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43327537]'), work: {"id":43327537,"title":"A sobredeterminação dos atores sociais representados nos discursos sobre o ensino de espanhol no Brasil em corpus jornalístico","created_at":"2020-06-12T12:54:26.323-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43327537/A_sobredetermina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_atores_sociais_representados_nos_discursos_sobre_o_ensino_de_espanhol_no_Brasil_em_corpus_jornal%C3%ADstico?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_43327537","summary":"O aumento da demanda pelo ensino de espanhol no Brasil impõe um panorama de mudança em torno dos discursos sobre o ensino desse idioma no país. Os textos veiculados pela imprensa configuram um corpus lingüístico propenso a uma análise crítica da representação dos atores sociais que participam desse processo social e lingüístico de mudança. Na UFMG, o projeto Tradução, Mídia e Globalização (CNPq 302454/2007-1) investiga, entre outros, a produção de textos multilíngües, em jornais impressos e on-line, e aspectos de suas representações culturais e ideológicas. O presente trabalho, afiliado a esse projeto de pesquisa, focaliza o momento supracitado, numa visão crítica, mediante a análise de um corpus conformado por textos jornalísticos publicados no Brasil, na Espanha e na Argentina, entre 1998 e 2007. O referencial teórico utilizado é a Análise Crítica do Discurso, enquanto metodologia aplicada à compreensão dos momentos de mudança e de problemas sociais vigentes. Pela aplicação das categorias sócio-semânticas propostas por van Leeuwen (1996), são analisadas as diversas formas de representação por sobredeterminação observadas no corpus. Os resultados apontam a recorrência de anacronismos e simbolismos, que funcionam mantendo latente um passado de conquista, em momentos atuais de mudança social.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63610840,"asset_id":43327537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3229978,"first_name":"Ariel","last_name":"Novodvorski","domain_name":"ufu","page_name":"ArielNovodvorski","display_name":"Ariel Novodvorski","profile_url":"https://ufu.academia.edu/ArielNovodvorski?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3229978/1063695/80881135/s65_ariel.novodvorski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10611,"name":"Systemic Functional Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Functional_Linguistics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10633,"name":"Critical Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":12492,"name":"Spanish Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Linguistics?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36395254" data-work_id="36395254" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36395254/Counterfactuals_Overdetermination_and_Mental_Causation">Counterfactuals, Overdetermination and Mental Causation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36395254" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4400f6433a16f9ed64d885d9bb357dbf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56306163,"asset_id":36395254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56306163/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55282033" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/SimonaAimar">Simona Aimar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55282033" type="text/json">{"id":55282033,"first_name":"Simona","last_name":"Aimar","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"SimonaAimar","display_name":"Simona Aimar","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/SimonaAimar?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55282033/14744641/19710995/s65_simona.aimar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36395254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36395254"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36395254, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36395254", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36395254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36395254; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36395254"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36395254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36395254"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36395254; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36395254]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36395254").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36395254").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36395254"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation">Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8220" type="text/json">{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12052" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exclusion">Exclusion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12052" type="text/json">{"id":12052,"name":"Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36395254]'), work: {"id":36395254,"title":"Counterfactuals, Overdetermination and Mental Causation","created_at":"2018-04-12T13:22:41.386-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36395254/Counterfactuals_Overdetermination_and_Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_36395254","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56306163,"asset_id":36395254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55282033,"first_name":"Simona","last_name":"Aimar","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"SimonaAimar","display_name":"Simona Aimar","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/SimonaAimar?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55282033/14744641/19710995/s65_simona.aimar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":12052,"name":"Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=172660"},{"id":60453,"name":"Supervenience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience?f_ri=172660"},{"id":101325,"name":"Jaegwon Kim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":181443,"name":"Counterfactuals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactuals?f_ri=172660"},{"id":964431,"name":"Non reductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_reductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9216668" data-work_id="9216668" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9216668/_The_gaze_always_finds_Zidane_aesthetics_overdetermination_and_Zizou">“The gaze always finds Zidane”: aesthetics, overdetermination and Zizou</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Within the globalised image economy that circulates around football in the 21st century, a number of individuals stand out for their singular visibility. One of these is the former French national captain Zinédine Zidane. As a highly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9216668" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Within the globalised image economy that circulates around football in the 21st century, a number of individuals stand out for their singular visibility. One of these is the former French national captain Zinédine Zidane. As a highly prominent and successful workingclass French Maghrebian from the banlieue of Marseille, Zidane has come to occupy a delicate position within French cultural discourse: in Nacira GuénifSoulimas' words, ‘His image is politicized, whether he does anything about it or not. His every action takes place on a minefield of identity and memory. He is dangerously overdetermined, and he is expected to answer for this.’ <br /> <br />Zidane’s importance with regards to France’s sporting, colonial and cultural history has occasioned his appearance in numerous artistic depictions. This essay primarily discusses three such texts: Douglas Gordon and Philippe Parreno’s film Zidane, un portrait du 21e siècle, Jean- <br />Philippe Toussaint’s short literary essay La Mélancolie de Zidane and Anne Delbée's novella La 107e Minute (all 2006). In addition, it also considers Adel Abdessemed’s monumental bronze sculpture Coup de Tête (2012). Each of these projects, I argue, attempt in their own way to negotiate the skeins of discourse which accompany “Zizou” wherever he goes, in order to offer a perspective on their subject which differs substantially from the on-dit. <br /> <br />In presenting this argument I engage with Pierre Bourdieu’s conception of the aesthetic regime of high culture advanced in La Distinction (1979), which views the work of art as necessarily rejecting of the ‘expressive content which explodes in the expressiveness of popular language’. The differing ways in which the four works mentioned above attempt this rejection are analysable in terms of differences in cultural politics. While the former two attempt through various strategies to mute the popular language which attends Zidane’s persona, the latter two strive rather to divert this language, elevating the player into the realms of high cultural discourse. These latter works, I argue, may thus be culpable of perpetuating certain colonial notions of Zidane which are less foregrounded in Toussaint and Gordon and Parreno. More than a critical comparison of texts, however, and drawing on a wider research project concerning the relationship between 21st century football and visual culture, this essay attempts to seize upon the dense weave of writing dedicated to Zidane as a way of questioning what it might mean for art and literature to seriously engage with the overdiscussed, overdetermined protagonists of contemporary globalised sporting culture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9216668" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="820406" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/LukeHealey">Luke Healey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="820406" type="text/json">{"id":820406,"first_name":"Luke","last_name":"Healey","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"LukeHealey","display_name":"Luke Healey","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/LukeHealey?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820406/6184098/11025358/s65_luke.healey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9216668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9216668"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9216668, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9216668", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9216668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9216668; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9216668"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9216668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9216668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9216668; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9216668]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9216668").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9216668").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9216668"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Literature">French Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="660" type="text/json">{"id":660,"name":"French Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Literature?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1470" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Football_soccer_">Football (soccer)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1470" type="text/json">{"id":1470,"name":"Football (soccer)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Football_soccer_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13340" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pierre_Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13340" type="text/json">{"id":13340,"name":"Pierre Bourdieu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pierre_Bourdieu?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15863" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Literature">Postcolonial Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15863" type="text/json">{"id":15863,"name":"Postcolonial Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Literature?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9216668]'), work: {"id":9216668,"title":"“The gaze always finds Zidane”: aesthetics, overdetermination and Zizou","created_at":"2014-11-09T21:27:09.535-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9216668/_The_gaze_always_finds_Zidane_aesthetics_overdetermination_and_Zizou?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_9216668","summary":"Within the globalised image economy that circulates around football in the 21st century, a number of individuals stand out for their singular visibility. One of these is the former French national captain Zinédine Zidane. As a highly prominent and successful workingclass French Maghrebian from the banlieue of Marseille, Zidane has come to occupy a delicate position within French cultural discourse: in Nacira GuénifSoulimas' words, ‘His image is politicized, whether he does anything about it or not. His every action takes place on a minefield of identity and memory. He is dangerously overdetermined, and he is expected to answer for this.’\r\n\r\nZidane’s importance with regards to France’s sporting, colonial and cultural history has occasioned his appearance in numerous artistic depictions. This essay primarily discusses three such texts: Douglas Gordon and Philippe Parreno’s film Zidane, un portrait du 21e siècle, Jean-\r\nPhilippe Toussaint’s short literary essay La Mélancolie de Zidane and Anne Delbée's novella La 107e Minute (all 2006). In addition, it also considers Adel Abdessemed’s monumental bronze sculpture Coup de Tête (2012). Each of these projects, I argue, attempt in their own way to negotiate the skeins of discourse which accompany “Zizou” wherever he goes, in order to offer a perspective on their subject which differs substantially from the on-dit.\r\n\r\nIn presenting this argument I engage with Pierre Bourdieu’s conception of the aesthetic regime of high culture advanced in La Distinction (1979), which views the work of art as necessarily rejecting of the ‘expressive content which explodes in the expressiveness of popular language’. The differing ways in which the four works mentioned above attempt this rejection are analysable in terms of differences in cultural politics. While the former two attempt through various strategies to mute the popular language which attends Zidane’s persona, the latter two strive rather to divert this language, elevating the player into the realms of high cultural discourse. These latter works, I argue, may thus be culpable of perpetuating certain colonial notions of Zidane which are less foregrounded in Toussaint and Gordon and Parreno. More than a critical comparison of texts, however, and drawing on a wider research project concerning the relationship between 21st century football and visual culture, this essay attempts to seize upon the dense weave of writing dedicated to Zidane as a way of questioning what it might mean for art and literature to seriously engage with the overdiscussed, overdetermined protagonists of contemporary globalised sporting culture.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":820406,"first_name":"Luke","last_name":"Healey","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"LukeHealey","display_name":"Luke Healey","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/LukeHealey?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820406/6184098/11025358/s65_luke.healey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":660,"name":"French Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Literature?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":1470,"name":"Football (soccer)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Football_soccer_?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":13340,"name":"Pierre Bourdieu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pierre_Bourdieu?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":15863,"name":"Postcolonial Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Literature?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":110136,"name":"Jean-Philippe Toussaint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean-Philippe_Toussaint?f_ri=172660"},{"id":110843,"name":"French colonial Algeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_colonial_Algeria?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":201334,"name":"Expressivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expressivity?f_ri=172660"},{"id":474924,"name":"Douglas Gordon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Douglas_Gordon?f_ri=172660"},{"id":975083,"name":"Sports Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Literature?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1206918,"name":"Zinedine Zidane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinedine_Zidane?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1425294,"name":"Adel Abdessemed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adel_Abdessemed?f_ri=172660"},{"id":1475384,"name":"Philippe Parreno","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippe_Parreno?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2173568" data-work_id="2173568" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2173568/The_Under_theorization_of_Overdetermination_in_Hegemony_and_Socialist_Strategy">The Under-theorization of Overdetermination in Hegemony and Socialist Strategy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2173568" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="656762" href="https://skidmore.academia.edu/WilliamLewis">William Lewis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="656762" type="text/json">{"id":656762,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Lewis","domain_name":"skidmore","page_name":"WilliamLewis","display_name":"William Lewis","profile_url":"https://skidmore.academia.edu/WilliamLewis?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/656762/227991/364431/s65_william.lewis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2173568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2173568"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2173568, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2173568", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2173568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2173568; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2173568"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2173568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2173568"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2173568; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2173568]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2173568").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2173568").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2173568"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14774" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser">Althusser</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14774" type="text/json">{"id":14774,"name":"Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15488" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernesto_Laclau_and_Chantal_Mouffe">Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15488" type="text/json">{"id":15488,"name":"Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernesto_Laclau_and_Chantal_Mouffe?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="461479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Hegemony">Cultural Hegemony</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="461479" type="text/json">{"id":461479,"name":"Cultural Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Hegemony?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2173568]'), work: {"id":2173568,"title":"The Under-theorization of Overdetermination in Hegemony and Socialist Strategy","created_at":"2012-11-21T00:40:14.867-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2173568/The_Under_theorization_of_Overdetermination_in_Hegemony_and_Socialist_Strategy?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_2173568","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":656762,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Lewis","domain_name":"skidmore","page_name":"WilliamLewis","display_name":"William Lewis","profile_url":"https://skidmore.academia.edu/WilliamLewis?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/656762/227991/364431/s65_william.lewis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14774,"name":"Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":15488,"name":"Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernesto_Laclau_and_Chantal_Mouffe?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":461479,"name":"Cultural Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Hegemony?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74098952" data-work_id="74098952" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74098952/Mental_causation_compatibilism_and_counterfactuals">Mental causation, compatibilism and counterfactuals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">According to proponents of the causal exclusion problem, there cannot be a sufficient physical cause and a distinct mental cause of the same piece of behaviour. Increasingly, the causal exclusion problem is circumvented via this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74098952" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">According to proponents of the causal exclusion problem, there cannot be a sufficient physical cause and a distinct mental cause of the same piece of behaviour. Increasingly, the causal exclusion problem is circumvented via this compatibilist reasoning: a sufficient physical cause of the behavioural effect necessitates the mental cause of the behavioural effect, so the effect has a sufficient physical cause and a mental cause as well. In this paper, I argue that this compatibilist reply fails to resolve the causal exclusion problem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74098952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74098952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74098952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74098952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74098952", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74098952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74098952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74098952"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74098952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74098952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74098952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74098952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74098952").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74098952").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74098952"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74098952]'), work: {"id":74098952,"title":"Mental causation, compatibilism and counterfactuals","created_at":"2022-03-19T18:13:57.396-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74098952/Mental_causation_compatibilism_and_counterfactuals?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_74098952","summary":"According to proponents of the causal exclusion problem, there cannot be a sufficient physical cause and a distinct mental cause of the same piece of behaviour. Increasingly, the causal exclusion problem is circumvented via this compatibilist reasoning: a sufficient physical cause of the behavioural effect necessitates the mental cause of the behavioural effect, so the effect has a sufficient physical cause and a mental cause as well. In this paper, I argue that this compatibilist reply fails to resolve the causal exclusion problem.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660"},{"id":38592,"name":"Compatibilism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compatibilism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":181443,"name":"Counterfactuals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactuals?f_ri=172660"},{"id":213994,"name":"Nonreductive Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonreductive_Physicalism?f_ri=172660"},{"id":2681740,"name":"Canadian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Philosophy?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63023365" data-work_id="63023365" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63023365/Mental_Causation_Autonomy_and_Action_Theory">Mental Causation, Autonomy and Action Theory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63023365" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247804" href="https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore">Dwayne Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247804" type="text/json">{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63023365 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63023365"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63023365, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63023365", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63023365 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63023365; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63023365"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63023365 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63023365"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63023365; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63023365]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63023365").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63023365").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63023365"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14805" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Theory">Action Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14805" type="text/json">{"id":14805,"name":"Action Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27714" type="text/json">{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63023365]'), work: {"id":63023365,"title":"Mental Causation, Autonomy and Action Theory","created_at":"2021-12-02T13:53:59.740-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63023365/Mental_Causation_Autonomy_and_Action_Theory?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_63023365","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247804,"first_name":"Dwayne","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"DwayneMoore","display_name":"Dwayne Moore","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/DwayneMoore?f_ri=172660","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":14805,"name":"Action Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Theory?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":27714,"name":"Causal Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660"},{"id":721682,"name":"Erkenntnis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erkenntnis?f_ri=172660"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31486201" data-work_id="31486201" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31486201/Grounding_Mental_Causation_and_Overdetermination_w_Michael_Clark_">Grounding, Mental Causation, and Overdetermination (w. Michael Clark)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, Kroedel and Schulz have argued that the exclusion problem - which states that certain forms of non-reductive physicalism about the mental are committed to systematic and objectionable causal overdetermination - can be solved by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31486201" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, Kroedel and Schulz have argued that the exclusion problem - which states that certain forms of non-reductive physicalism about the mental are committed to systematic and objectionable causal overdetermination - can be solved by appealing to grounding. Specifically, they defend a principle that links the causal relations of grounded mental events to those of grounding physical events, arguing that this renders mental-physical causal overdetermination unproblematic.  Here, we contest Kroedel and Schulz's result. We argue that their causal-grounding principle is undermotivated, if not outright false. In particular, we contend that the principle has plausible counterexamples, resulting from the fact that some mental states are not fully grounded by goings on 'in our heads' but also require external factors to be included in their full grounds. We draw the sceptical conclusion that it remains unclear whether non-reductive physicalists can plausibly respond to the exclusion argument by appealing to considerations of grounding.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31486201" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4886dbb14fec50c9eae02e73c62b567" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52291659,"asset_id":31486201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52291659/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96842" href="https://tilburguniversity.academia.edu/NathanWildman">Nathan Wildman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96842" type="text/json">{"id":96842,"first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Wildman","domain_name":"tilburguniversity","page_name":"NathanWildman","display_name":"Nathan Wildman","profile_url":"https://tilburguniversity.academia.edu/NathanWildman?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96842/26781/24688/s65_nathan.wildman.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31486201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31486201"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31486201, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31486201", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31486201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31486201; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31486201"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31486201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31486201"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31486201; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31486201]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31486201").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31486201").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31486201"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysical_grounding">Metaphysical grounding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52532" type="text/json">{"id":52532,"name":"Metaphysical grounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysical_grounding?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="232923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Externalism_about_mental_content">Externalism about mental content.</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="232923" type="text/json">{"id":232923,"name":"Externalism about mental content.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Externalism_about_mental_content?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31486201]'), work: {"id":31486201,"title":"Grounding, Mental Causation, and Overdetermination (w. Michael Clark)","created_at":"2017-02-17T05:42:07.485-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31486201/Grounding_Mental_Causation_and_Overdetermination_w_Michael_Clark_?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_31486201","summary":"Recently, Kroedel and Schulz have argued that the exclusion problem - which states that certain forms of non-reductive physicalism about the mental are committed to systematic and objectionable causal overdetermination - can be solved by appealing to grounding. Specifically, they defend a principle that links the causal relations of grounded mental events to those of grounding physical events, arguing that this renders mental-physical causal overdetermination unproblematic. Here, we contest Kroedel and Schulz's result. We argue that their causal-grounding principle is undermotivated, if not outright false. In particular, we contend that the principle has plausible counterexamples, resulting from the fact that some mental states are not fully grounded by goings on 'in our heads' but also require external factors to be included in their full grounds. We draw the sceptical conclusion that it remains unclear whether non-reductive physicalists can plausibly respond to the exclusion argument by appealing to considerations of grounding.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52291659,"asset_id":31486201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96842,"first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Wildman","domain_name":"tilburguniversity","page_name":"NathanWildman","display_name":"Nathan Wildman","profile_url":"https://tilburguniversity.academia.edu/NathanWildman?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96842/26781/24688/s65_nathan.wildman.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":52532,"name":"Metaphysical grounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysical_grounding?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":232923,"name":"Externalism about mental content.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Externalism_about_mental_content?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18443481" data-work_id="18443481" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18443481/The_Problem_of_Secondary_Effects">The Problem of Secondary Effects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper argues that two principles held by many metaphysicians and philosophers of mind are inconsistent: (1) there is no systematic overdetermination and (2) some causal effects are also determined by their metaphysical grounds. Call... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18443481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper argues that two principles held by many metaphysicians and philosophers of mind are inconsistent: (1) there is no systematic overdetermination and (2) some causal effects are also determined by their metaphysical grounds. Call this “The Problem of Secondary Effects”. After introducing the problem and noting philosophical theories that face it, the paper offers further clarification by considering three potential strategies for solving it. All fail. An approach that sacrifices ‘secondary effects’ is briefly sketched as a solution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18443481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f699d22bd69cb9f6d807edc141e8b9fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40066459,"asset_id":18443481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40066459/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNTY3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10477278" href="https://dickinson.academia.edu/JeffEngelhardt">Jeff Engelhardt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10477278" type="text/json">{"id":10477278,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Engelhardt","domain_name":"dickinson","page_name":"JeffEngelhardt","display_name":"Jeff Engelhardt","profile_url":"https://dickinson.academia.edu/JeffEngelhardt?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10477278/3289645/3871069/s65_jeff.engelhardt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18443481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18443481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18443481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18443481", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18443481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18443481; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18443481"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18443481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18443481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18443481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18443481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18443481").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18443481").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18443481"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation">Mental Causation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10149" type="text/json">{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysical_grounding">Metaphysical grounding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52532" type="text/json">{"id":52532,"name":"Metaphysical grounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysical_grounding?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination">Overdetermination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172660" type="text/json">{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18443481]'), work: {"id":18443481,"title":"The Problem of Secondary Effects","created_at":"2015-11-16T06:52:48.445-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18443481/The_Problem_of_Secondary_Effects?f_ri=172660","dom_id":"work_18443481","summary":"This paper argues that two principles held by many metaphysicians and philosophers of mind are inconsistent: (1) there is no systematic overdetermination and (2) some causal effects are also determined by their metaphysical grounds. Call this “The Problem of Secondary Effects”. After introducing the problem and noting philosophical theories that face it, the paper offers further clarification by considering three potential strategies for solving it. All fail. An approach that sacrifices ‘secondary effects’ is briefly sketched as a solution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40066459,"asset_id":18443481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10477278,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Engelhardt","domain_name":"dickinson","page_name":"JeffEngelhardt","display_name":"Jeff Engelhardt","profile_url":"https://dickinson.academia.edu/JeffEngelhardt?f_ri=172660","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10477278/3289645/3871069/s65_jeff.engelhardt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10149,"name":"Mental Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Causation?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":52532,"name":"Metaphysical grounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysical_grounding?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false},{"id":172660,"name":"Overdetermination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination?f_ri=172660","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Exclusion">Causal Exclusion</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="27714">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="27714">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaegwon_Kim">Jaegwon Kim</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="101325">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="101325">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_reductive_Physicalism">Non reductive Physicalism</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="964431">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="964431">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience">Supervenience</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="60453">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="60453">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation">Causation</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="8220">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="8220">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G.A._Cohen">G.A. Cohen</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="488387">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="488387">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence">Emergence</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="34960">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="34960">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis_Althusser">Louis Althusser</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="8428">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="8428">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darwinism_-_International_reception">Darwinism - International reception</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="11218">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="11218">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Philosophy_Peirce_Whitehead_">Process Philosophy (Peirce, Whitehead)</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="17897">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="17897">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "582eab953230ac1810d1f9db73940962f620957e41d3327db722ac680872bbbf", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="RnOOTTSgCjt7dYoMWzB+jociWrVYZVyCu0E3YOh7IymE+zc7Rwo0Vj0oREW9dmgnlzwfxMkZRAJK6pRHiP782w==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdetermination" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="S9pVWd+pFBU50Zg8KpN6q2RhRYS/3PtceFhlp9Rw7zaJUuwvrAMqeH+MVnXM1WwCdH8A9S6g49yJ88aAtPUwxA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>