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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jules Olitski</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jevel Demikovski</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1922-03-27</span>)</span>March 27, 1922<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Snovsk, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 4, 2007<span style="display:none">(2007-02-04)</span> (aged 84)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pratt_Institute" title="Pratt Institute">Pratt Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossip_Zadkine" title="Ossip Zadkine">Ossip Zadkine</a> School, Academia de la Grande Chaumiere, New York University</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painting, sculpture, printmaking</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Color_Field_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Color Field painting">Color Field painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyrical_Abstraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyrical Abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract Expressionism">Abstract Expressionism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jevel Demikovski</b> (March 27, 1922 – February 4, 2007), known professionally as <b>Jules Olitski</b>, was an American painter, <a href="/wiki/Printmaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Printmaker">printmaker</a>, and sculptor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olitski was born <b>Jevel Demikovsky</b> in <a href="/wiki/Snovsk" title="Snovsk">Snovsk</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>), a few months after his father, a commissar, was executed by the Soviet government. He emigrated to the United States in 1923 with his mother and grandmother and settled in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>. His grandmother cared for him while his mother worked to support the family. In 1926 his mother married Hyman Olitsky (note "y" ending), a widower with two sons. A daughter was born in 1930. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olitski showed an aptitude for <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a> and by 1935 was taking occasional art classes in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. He attended public schools in New York, winning an art prize upon his graduation from high school. At an exhibit of the work of some of the great masters at the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">New York World's Fair</a> in 1939 he was very impressed by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portraits</a>. Subsequently he won a scholarship to study art at <a href="/wiki/Pratt_Institute" title="Pratt Institute">Pratt Institute</a> and was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a> in New York. His education continued at <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_Institute_of_Design" title="Beaux-Arts Institute of Design">Beaux Arts Institute</a> in New York from 1940-42. </p><p>After discharge from the Army in 1945, Olitski married Gladys Katz and then stayed with Leo and Alma Gershenson in <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a>. After some time, on Leo's advice, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. He later returned to New York, and then in the late 1940s went to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on the <a href="/wiki/G.I._Bill" title="G.I. Bill">G.I. Bill</a>, studying at the <a href="/wiki/Ossip_Zadkine" title="Ossip Zadkine">Ossip Zadkine</a> School and the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_la_Grande_Chaumi%C3%A8re" title="Académie de la Grande Chaumière">Académie de la Grande Chaumière</a>. In Paris he saw the European modern masters and engaged in severe self-analysis, which involved painting while blindfolded to remove himself from all of his customary habits and facility. Olitski presented his first one-man show in Paris in 1951. </p><p>Having returned to New York in 1951, Olitski received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> in 1952 and his <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">M.A.</a> in 1954 in art education, both from <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glow_On.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Glow_On.jpg/220px-Glow_On.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e9/Glow_On.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption><i>Glow On</i> (1963), <a href="/wiki/The_Phillips_Collection" title="The Phillips Collection">The Phillips Collection</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Olitski had his first one-person show at <a href="/wiki/Galerie_Huit" title="Galerie Huit">Galerie Huit</a>, Paris in 1951. He returned to New York, and reacting against the color and imagery of his Paris works, began to paint <a href="/wiki/Monochromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic">monochromatic</a> pictures with empty centers. He divorced and began exhibiting in group shows, and by 1956 was remarried and had joined the faculty of <a href="/wiki/C._W._Post_College" class="mw-redirect" title="C. W. Post College">C. W. Post College</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. In 1958 he had his first New York one-person show, at the Zodiac Room of the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Iolas" title="Alexander Iolas">Alexander Iolas</a> Gallery, and met <a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Clement Greenberg</a>, who exhibited Olitski's paintings in a large solo show at French & Company in May 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960 Olitski abruptly moved away from the heavily encrusted abstract surfaces he had evolved and began to stain the canvas with large areas of thin, brightly colored dyes. These were shown at a second French & Co. exhibit, in April 1961, and he was asked to join the Poindexter Gallery, where he had several exhibitions. Thereafter he exhibited in numerous venues, won a prize at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_International" title="Carnegie International">Carnegie International</a>, and began to be collected by museums. </p><p>By 1965 Olitski had evolved a radically innovative technique of laying down atmospheric blankets of colored spray on the canvas, marked at first by barely discernible straight-edged value changes near the edge of the picture and later by <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_paint" title="Acrylic paint">acrylic paint</a> dragged along portions of the edge. His style "combined the titanic reverb of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rothko" title="Mark Rothko">Mark Rothko</a> with the mischievous optical winks <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a> made famous".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He exhibited internationally in the late 1960s and was selected as one of four artists to represent the United States at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a> in 1966. In 1969 he was invited to exhibit large, aluminum, <a href="/wiki/Spray-painted" class="mw-redirect" title="Spray-painted">spray-painted</a> <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, becoming the first living <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a> to be given a one-person exhibition there. </p><p>He taught at <a href="/wiki/Bennington_College" title="Bennington College">Bennington College</a> from 1963 to 1967. </p><p>In the 1970s Olitski returned to the thick <a href="/wiki/Impasto" title="Impasto">impasto</a> surfaces that characterized his work in the 1950s but with innovative techniques that took advantage of the newly improved <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> and gel acrylic mediums. In 1994 he was elected into the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His late works from 2001 to 2007 are characterized by intensely colored orbs that can evoke <a href="/wiki/Landscape_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape art">landscape</a> or <a href="/wiki/Skyscape_art" title="Skyscape art">skyscape</a>. Norman L. Kleeblat wrote in the catalog that accompanied the exhibition <i>Jules Olitski-The Late Paintings-A Celebration,</i> at Knoedler and Company: "The intensity of Olitski's colors can feel jarring when each colored area is observed separately. But the artist is a master of unlikely clashes of intense and artificial-looking colors recalling <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Olitski had over 150 one-person exhibitions in his lifetime and is represented in museums worldwide. He received <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorates" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorates">honorary doctorates</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hartford" title="University of Hartford">University of Hartford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keene_State_College" title="Keene State College">Keene State College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_New_Hampshire_University" title="Southern New Hampshire University">Southern New Hampshire University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Estate of Jules Olitski is represented by YaresArt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, Olitski's work was included in <i>Every Sound Is a Shape of Time: Selections from PAMM's Collection</i> at the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rez_Art_Museum_Miami" title="Pérez Art Museum Miami">Pérez Art Museum Miami</a>, alongside modern and contemporary artists <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bradford" title="Mark Bradford">Mark Bradford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Serra" title="Richard Serra">Richard Serra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morris_Louis" title="Morris Louis">Louis Morris</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olitski lived and worked in studios in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> and exhibited regularly until his death from <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> in 2007, aged 84. </p><p>He married Gladys Katz in 1945 (one daughter Eve, divorced circa 1955), Andrea Hill Pearce in 1956 (one daughter Lauren, divorced circa 1974), and Joan C. Gorby (a.k.a. Kristina) in 1980. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> art critic Roberta Smith wrote "The artist’s earliest Color Field paintings, with their indomitable colors, austere compositions and wild pictorial spaces, are among the movement’s signal achievements".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Karen Wilkin writes in The New Criterion, January, 2021 "Olitski is...one of the most radical and innovative abstract painters of the recent past." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newcriterion.com/issues/2021/1/jules-olitski-in-new-york">Jules Olitski in New York</a>" Karen Wilkin, New Criterion<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swedish art critic <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Linde" title="Ulf Linde">Ulf Linde</a> mentions Olitski as an example of "visual <a href="/wiki/Elevator_music" title="Elevator music">muzak</a>" in the interview text <i>Om det genant enkla</i> (Eng: <i>About that which is awkwardly simple</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> art critic Roberta Smith says in her October 14, 2005 review that Olitski is "...an artist who, if he hasn't quite come full circle, has always combined a penchant for flash and visual drama with a keen interest in the physicality of paint, whether thin, as in his stained and spray-painted abstractions of the 1960s, or thick", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501EED6173FF937A25753C1A9639C8B63">accessed online November 26, 2007</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlitski1973" class="citation book cs1">Olitski, Jules (1973). <i>Catalog for the exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</i>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Kenworth_Moffett" title="Kenworth Moffett">Kenworth Moffett</a>. Chronology by Elinor L. Woron.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalog+for+the+exhibition+at+the+Museum+of+Fine+Arts%2C+Boston&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Olitski&rft.aufirst=Jules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Jules Olitski</i>, Catalog for the retrospective exhibition at the Buschlen-Mowatt Gallery, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver, BC</a>, 1989, Preface by Barrie Mowatt, Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Clement Greenberg</a>, Essays by Jules Olitski.</li> <li><i>Jules Olitski</i>, The New Hampshire Exhibits, Autumn, 2003. Edited by Lauren Poster, pub. Jan 2005 by Four Forty, Marlboro VT 96 pages 115 color plates. Essay "Paths" by Jim Walsh and DVD interview for The Front Porch NH Public Radio with John Walters</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoffett1981" class="citation book cs1">Moffett, Kenworth (1981). <i>Jules Olitski</i> (Monograph). New York: Harry N. Abrams.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jules+Olitski&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Moffett&rft.aufirst=Kenworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKleeblatt2008" class="citation book cs1">Kleeblatt, Norman L. (2008). <i>A Culmination of Contradictions: Jules Olitski's Last Decade</i>. New York: Knoedler & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9789987-5-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9789987-5-8"><bdi>0-9789987-5-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Culmination+of+Contradictions%3A+Jules+Olitski%27s+Last+Decade&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knoedler+%26+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=0-9789987-5-8&rft.aulast=Kleeblatt&rft.aufirst=Norman+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3109176"><i>Clement Greenberg in My Studio</i> by Jules Olitski, 1994</a>. Retrieved February 4, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkers2013" class="citation web cs1">Akers, Torey (2013-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406233911/http://artseditor.com/site/superb-irrelevance/">"Superb Irrelevance: experiencing Jules Olitski's late works"</a>. <i>ArtsEditor</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artseditor.com/site/superb-irrelevance/">the original</a> on 2015-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtsEditor&rft.atitle=Superb+Irrelevance%3A+experiencing+Jules+Olitski%27s+late+works&rft.date=2013-11-19&rft.aulast=Akers&rft.aufirst=Torey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartseditor.com%2Fsite%2Fsuperb-irrelevance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalacademy.org/academy/national-academicians/?na=O">National Academicians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506004320/http://www.nationalacademy.org/academy/national-academicians/?na=O">Archived</a> 2014-05-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Past Academicians - National Academy of Design</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman L. Kleeblatt The Susan and Elihu Rose Chief Curator at The Jewish Museum, excerpt from essay "Jules Olitski The Late Paintings A Celebration" Nov 8, 2007-Jan 5, 2008 Knoedler & Company, New York <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9789987-5-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9789987-5-8">0-9789987-5-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olitski.com/biography">"Biography"</a>. <i>Olitski.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olitski.com&rft.atitle=Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olitski.com%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yaresart.com/artists/jules-olitski#tab:slideshow">"Jules Olitski - Artists - Yares Art"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jules+Olitski+-+Artists+-+Yares+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yaresart.com%2Fartists%2Fjules-olitski%23tab%3Aslideshow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFwgclients012024" class="citation web cs1">wgclients01 (2024-08-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miamilivingmagazine.com/post/p%C3%A9rez-art-museum-miami-presents-every-sound-is-a-shape-of-time">"Pérez Art Museum Miami Presents "Every Sound is a Shape of Time"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Miami Living</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miami+Living&rft.atitle=P%C3%A9rez+Art+Museum+Miami+Presents+%22Every+Sound+is+a+Shape+of+Time%22&rft.date=2024-08-19&rft.au=wgclients01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamilivingmagazine.com%2Fpost%2Fp%25C3%25A9rez-art-museum-miami-presents-every-sound-is-a-shape-of-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pamm.org/en/exhibition/every-sound-is-a-shape-of-time-selections-from-pamms-collection/">"Every Sound Is a Shape of Time: Selections from PAMM's Collection • Pérez Art Museum Miami"</a>. <i>Pérez Art Museum Miami</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%A9rez+Art+Museum+Miami&rft.atitle=Every+Sound+Is+a+Shape+of+Time%3A+Selections+from+PAMM%27s+Collection+%E2%80%A2+P%C3%A9rez+Art+Museum+Miami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pamm.org%2Fen%2Fexhibition%2Fevery-sound-is-a-shape-of-time-selections-from-pamms-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/arts/design/jules-olitski-color-field-painter-yares-art.html">"The Great Beginning of Jules Olitski (Published 2021)"</a>. 2021-01-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304004132/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/arts/design/jules-olitski-color-field-painter-yares-art.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Great+Beginning+of+Jules+Olitski+%28Published+2021%29&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F28%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fjules-olitski-color-field-painter-yares-art.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newcriterion.com/issues/2021/1/jules-olitski-in-new-york">"Jules Olitski in New York by Karen Wilkin"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jules+Olitski+in+New+York+by+Karen+Wilkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewcriterion.com%2Fissues%2F2021%2F1%2Fjules-olitski-in-new-york&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Olitski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linde, Ulf: "Svar", Albert Bonniers förlag, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-0-056885-6" title="Special:BookSources/91-0-056885-6">91-0-056885-6</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Olitski&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olitski.com/">Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/05/arts/05olitski.html?_r=1&oref=slogin,">The New York Times Obituary</a>, February 5, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723103758/http://www.duffin.net/fenton/olitskimasterworks.html">Jules Olitski, <i>Reflections on Masterpieces</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119309866">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50048462">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14975733t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14975733t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1679799">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06894974X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007506111905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500009050">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/60452">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/3903/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/4399">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/jules-olitski">National Gallery of Canada</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119309866.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/092091865">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6542t64">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" 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