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id="toc-Beginnings_and_national_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prohibition_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prohibition_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Prohibition period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prohibition_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prohibition_to_last_years_of_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prohibition_to_last_years_of_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Prohibition to last years of independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prohibition_to_last_years_of_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_by_InBev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_by_InBev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Acquisition by InBev </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_by_InBev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-acquisition_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-acquisition_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Post-acquisition changes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-acquisition_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations_and_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations_and_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Operations and products </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations_and_products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations and products subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations_and_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corporate_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Corporate leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brewery_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brewery_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Brewery operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brewery_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Other operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beverage_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverage_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Beverage products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beverage_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Advertising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spykes_underaged_alcohol_marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spykes_underaged_alcohol_marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Spykes underaged alcohol marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spykes_underaged_alcohol_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Environmental record </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budweiser_Bill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budweiser_Bill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Budweiser Bill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budweiser_Bill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Up_for_Whatever"_beer_campaign_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Up_for_Whatever"_beer_campaign_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 "Up for Whatever" beer campaign controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Up_for_Whatever"_beer_campaign_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquor_law_violations_in_Seattle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquor_law_violations_in_Seattle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Liquor law violations in Seattle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquor_law_violations_in_Seattle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_Super_Bowl_advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_Super_Bowl_advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 2017 Super Bowl advertising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_Super_Bowl_advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_Super_Bowl_advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_Super_Bowl_advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 2019 Super Bowl advertising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_Super_Bowl_advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_Bud_Light_boycott" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_Bud_Light_boycott"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 2023 Bud Light boycott </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_Bud_Light_boycott-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ties_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ties_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ties with Washington University in St. Louis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ties_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4" title="أنهايزر بوش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنهايزر بوش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_Companies" title="Anheuser-Busch Companies – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anheuser-Busch Companies" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4" title="انهایزر-بوش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انهایزر-بوش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A4%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80%EB%B6%80%EC%8B%9C" title="앤하이저부시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앤하이저부시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_Brewing" title="Anheuser-Busch Brewing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anheuser-Busch Brewing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8-%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A9" title="אנהאוזר-בוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנהאוזר-בוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="アンハイザー・ブッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンハイザー・ブッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anheuser-Busch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC" title="این ہارزر بوج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="این ہارزر بوج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%AF-%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%8C" title="安海斯-布希 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安海斯-布希" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125074#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Anheuser-Busch" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Anheuser-Busch&params=38_35_57_N_90_12_52_W_">38°35′57″N 90°12′52″W / 38.59917°N 90.21444°W / 38.59917; -90.21444</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American brewing company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the St. Louis based company. For the parent company, see <a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">AB InBev</a>. For the historic brewery, see <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_Brewery" title="Anheuser-Busch Brewery">Anheuser-Busch Brewery</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:AnheuserBusch2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/AnheuserBusch2022.png/220px-AnheuserBusch2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/AnheuserBusch2022.png/330px-AnheuserBusch2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/AnheuserBusch2022.png/440px-AnheuserBusch2022.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="198" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Beverages</li><li>Beverage packaging</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1852; 172 years ago (1852) (as Bavarian Brewery) <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Anheuser" title="Eberhard Anheuser">Eberhard Anheuser</a><a href="#cite_note-anheuser-busch.com-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Busch" title="Adolphus Busch">Adolphus Busch</a><a href="#cite_note-anheuser-busch.com-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 Breweries & 9 Can Plants</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">North America</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Brendan Whitworth<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (President)</li><li>Todd Allen<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> (Vice President)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malt_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt beverage">Malt beverages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_drink" title="Energy drink">Energy drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">US$15.588 billion (2018)<a href="#cite_note-revenuenote-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$9.811 billion (2018)<a href="#cite_note-revenuenote-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">AB InBev</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anheuser-busch.com">anheuser-busch.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈænhaɪzər ˈbʊʃ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AN-hy-zər BUUSH</a>) is an American <a href="/wiki/Brewing_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewing company">brewing company</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hampson18-6">[6]</a> Since 2008, it has been wholly owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (<a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">AB InBev</a>), now the world's largest brewing company,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hampson18-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-aboutab-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-aboutnazone-9">[9]</a> which owns multiple global brands, notably <a href="/wiki/Budweiser" title="Budweiser">Budweiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelob" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelob">Michelob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stella_Artois" title="Stella Artois">Stella Artois</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beck%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Beck's">Beck's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The company employs over 19,000 people,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> operates 12 breweries and 9 aluminum can plants in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-abinbevusreport2012-12">[12]</a> and until December 2009, was one of the largest theme park operators in the United States, with ten theme parks through the company's family entertainment division <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_Parks_%26_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment">Busch Entertainment Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ledger-13">[13]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Anheuser-Busch&params=38_35_57_N_90_12_52_W_">38°35′57″N 90°12′52″W / 38.59917°N 90.21444°W / 38.59917; -90.21444</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings_and_national_expansion">Beginnings and national expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginnings and national expansion">edit</a>]</div> In 1852, <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German American</a> brewer and saloon operator George Schneider opened the Bavarian Brewery on Carondelet Avenue (later known as South Broadway) between Dorcas and Lynch streets in South St. Louis.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_32-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hampson20-15">[15]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] Schneider's Brewery expanded in 1856 to a new brewhouse near Eighth and Crittenden streets; however, the following year, financial problems forced the sale of the brewery to various owners during the late 1850s.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_32-14">[14]</a> In 1860, the brewery was purchased on the brink of bankruptcy by William D'Oench, a local pharmacist, and <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Anheuser" title="Eberhard Anheuser">Eberhard Anheuser</a>, a prosperous German-born soap manufacturer.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_32-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hampson20-15">[15]</a> D'Oench was the <a href="/wiki/Partnership" title="Partnership">silent partner</a> in the business until 1869 when he sold his half-interest in the company.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_32-14">[14]</a> From 1860 to 1875, the brewery was known as E. Anheuser & Co., and from 1875 to 1879 as the E. Anheuser Company's Brewing Association.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_32-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Busch" title="Adolphus Busch">Adolphus Busch</a>, a wholesaler who had immigrated to St. Louis from Germany in 1857, married Eberhard Anheuser's daughter, Lilly, in 1861. Following his service in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Busch began working as a salesman for the Anheuser Brewery.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_33-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hampson20-15">[15]</a> Busch purchased D'Oench's share of the company in 1869, and he assumed the role of company secretary from that time until the death of his father-in-law.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_33-17">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine_ACF_builders_photo_pre-1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine_ACF_builders_photo_pre-1911.jpg/220px-Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine_ACF_builders_photo_pre-1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine_ACF_builders_photo_pre-1911.jpg/330px-Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine_ACF_builders_photo_pre-1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine_ACF_builders_photo_pre-1911.jpg/440px-Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine_ACF_builders_photo_pre-1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Anheuser-Busch was one of the first companies to transport beer nationwide using railroad <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">refrigerator cars</a>.</figcaption></figure> Adolphus Busch was the first American brewer to use <a href="/wiki/Pasteurization" title="Pasteurization">pasteurization</a> to keep beer fresh; the first to use mechanical <a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">refrigeration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">refrigerated railroad cars</a>, which he introduced in 1876; and the first to bottle beer extensively.<a href="#cite_note-anheuser-busch.com-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbst_34-19">[19]</a> By 1877, the company owned a fleet of 40 refrigerated railroad cars to transport beer.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_34-19">[19]</a> Expanding the company's distribution range led to increased demand for Anheuser products, and the company substantially expanded its facilities in St. Louis during the 1870s.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_36-20">[20]</a> The expansions led production to increase from 31,500 barrels in 1875 to more than 200,000 in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_36-20">[20]</a> To streamline the company's refrigerator car operations and achieve vertical integration, Busch established the St. Louis Refrigerator Car Company in 1878, which was charged with building, selling, and leasing refrigerator cars; by 1883, the company owned 200 cars, and by 1888 it owned 850.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_37-21">[21]</a> To serve these cars and switch them in and out of their St. Louis brewery, Anheuser-Busch founded the <a href="/wiki/Manufacturers_Railway_(St._Louis)" title="Manufacturers Railway (St. Louis)">Manufacturers Railway Company</a> in 1887. The shortline operated until 2011, when Anheuser-Busch sought to shut down operations.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> During the 1870s, Adolphus Busch toured Europe and studied the changes in brewing methods which were taking place at the time, particularly the success of <a href="/wiki/Pilsner" title="Pilsner">pilsner</a> beer, which included a popular Budweiser beer brewed in <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice" title="České Budějovice">Budweis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson-16">[16]</a> In 1876, Busch took the already well-known name <a href="/wiki/Budweiser" title="Budweiser">Budweiser</a> and used it for his new beer, even though his product had no connections to the city of Budweis.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson-16">[16]</a> His company's ability to transport bottled beer made US Budweiser the first national beer brand in the United States, and it was marketed as a "premium" beer.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson-16">[16]</a> The company was renamed Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association in 1879; in 1880, Adolphus Busch became company president upon Anheuser's death.<a href="#cite_note-herbst_37-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rhodes-23">[23]</a> The Busch family fully controlled the company through the generations until Anheuser-Busch's sale to InBev in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> During the 1880s and 1890s, Busch introduced a series of advertisements and marketing giveaways for the company, including bottle openers, calendars, <a href="/wiki/Mounted_corkscrew" title="Mounted corkscrew">corkscrews</a>, pocketknives, postcards, and prints.<a href="#cite_note-herbst38-25">[25]</a> Among the most well-known of these giveaways was Custer's Last Fight, a lithograph print of a painting by St. Louis artist Cassilly Adams.<a href="#cite_note-herbst38-25">[25]</a> As a marketing tactic, Busch distributed thousands of copies of the print to bars in 1896,<a href="#cite_note-herbst38-25">[25]</a> the same year Anheuser-Busch introduced its new "super-premium" brand, <a href="/wiki/Michelob" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelob">Michelob</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Eventually, more than one million copies of the print were produced, and it became "one of the most popular pieces of artwork in American history."<a href="#cite_note-herbst38-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> At the turn of the 20th century, Anheuser-Busch continued to expand its production facilities to keep up with demand.<a href="#cite_note-herbst39-28">[28]</a> In 1905, the company built a new stockhouse in St. Louis, and by 1907 it produced nearly 1.6 million barrels of beer.<a href="#cite_note-herbst39-28">[28]</a> As demands for the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of alcohol">prohibition of alcohol</a> in the United States grew, Anheuser-Busch began producing non-alcoholic and low-alcoholic beverages (known as <a href="/wiki/Near_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Near beer">near beer</a>); the most successful of these was <a href="/wiki/Bevo_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bevo (beverage)">Bevo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Malt_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt beverage">malt beverage</a> introduced in 1908.<a href="#cite_note-herbst39-28">[28]</a> After the death of Adolphus Busch in 1913, control of the company passed to his son, <a href="/wiki/August_Anheuser_Busch_Sr." title="August Anheuser Busch Sr.">August Anheuser Busch Sr.</a>, who continued to combat the rise of prohibitionists.<a href="#cite_note-herbst39-28">[28]</a> As part of an effort to improve the respectability of drinking, August Busch built three upscale restaurants in St. Louis during the 1910s: the Stork Inn, the Gretchen Inn (now known as the Feasting Fox), and the <a href="/wiki/Bevo_Mill,_St._Louis" title="Bevo Mill, St. Louis">Bevo Mill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-herbst39-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olivedrabcan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Olivedrabcan.JPG/170px-Olivedrabcan.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Olivedrabcan.JPG/255px-Olivedrabcan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Olivedrabcan.JPG/340px-Olivedrabcan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Anheuser-Busch produced olive-colored <a href="/wiki/Budweiser" title="Budweiser">Budweiser</a> cans during World War II.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prohibition_period">Prohibition period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prohibition period">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anheuser-Busch_logo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Anheuser-Busch_logo.gif/220px-Anheuser-Busch_logo.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Anheuser-Busch_logo.gif/330px-Anheuser-Busch_logo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3d/Anheuser-Busch_logo.gif 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>Original Anheuser-Busch logo used from 1879 to 2022</figcaption></figure> As with all breweries in the country, the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a> and eventual <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition in the United States</a> dealt a major blow to the company in the 1910s through the 1930s. Some of the products sold by Anheuser-Busch to survive during Prohibition included brewer's yeast, malt extract, ice cream, and Bevo, a nonalcoholic malt beverage, or "near beer".<a href="#cite_note-Rhodes-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prohibition_to_last_years_of_independence">Prohibition to last years of independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prohibition to last years of independence">edit</a>]</div> In 1957, Anheuser-Busch became the largest brewer in the United States. In 1981, Anheuser-Busch International, Inc., was established as a subsidiary responsible for the company's international operations and equity investments. Prior to its 2008 acquisition, Anheuser-Busch operated 15 breweries internationally: 14 in China and one in the United Kingdom. In 1997, Chinese production of Anheuser-Busch products began after the company's purchase of a local brewery; later, the company operated both Budweiser Wuhan International Brewing Company and <a href="/wiki/Harbin_Brewery" title="Harbin Brewery">Harbin Brewery</a>, which Anheuser-Busch fully acquired in 2004. In the United Kingdom, the Budweiser Stag Brewing Company produced and packaged Budweiser at the Stag Brewery in <a href="/wiki/Mortlake" title="Mortlake">Mortlake</a>. At one time, Anheuser-Busch International also held investments in <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Modelo" title="Grupo Modelo">Grupo Modelo</a> in Mexico<a href="#cite_note-abpr2006-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao Brewery</a> in China;<a href="#cite_note-abpr2006-30">[30]</a> Anheuser-Busch also held investments in <a href="/wiki/Redhook_Ale_Brewery" title="Redhook Ale Brewery">Redhook Ale Brewery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a><a href="#cite_note-wotp-31">[31]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Widmer_Brothers_Brewery" title="Widmer Brothers Brewery">Widmer Brothers Brewery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wotp-31">[31]</a> After the 2008 acquisition, most international operations were transferred to AB InBev zones where the interests are located. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_by_InBev">Acquisition by InBev</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Acquisition by InBev">edit</a>]</div> On June 12, 2008, Belgian-Brazilian brewing company <a href="/wiki/InBev" title="InBev">InBev</a> announced that it had made a US$46 billion offer for the company,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> which if it was accepted would join two of the world's four largest brewing companies (based on revenue) and create a company brewing three of the highest-grossing beers in the world, namely <a href="/wiki/Bud_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Bud Light">Bud Light</a>, Budweiser, and <a href="/wiki/Skol" title="Skol">Skol</a>. InBev also stated that the merger would not result in any U.S. brewery closures and they would attempt to retain management and board members from both companies.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> On June 25, 2008, Anheuser-Busch officially announced that they would reject InBev's offer and provide a restructuring of the company to maintain shareholders and United States World Headquarters in St. Louis.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> On July 1, 2008, InBev urged Anheuser-Busch shareholders to vote in favor of the buyout as InBev felt the offer of $65 per share should be considered a reasonable offer in view of the falling stock market. The company had previously filed suit in <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, after the rejection of their offer, to ensure that the stockholders could oust Anheuser-Busch's 13 board members.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> On July 7, 2008, Anheuser-Busch filed a lawsuit against InBev to stop them from soliciting the support of shareholders, stating that the company's offer is an illegal scheme. InBev was also accused of concealing that they do business in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, which might have created additional obstacles to their efforts to operate in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On July 13, 2008, Anheuser-Busch and InBev said they had agreed to a deal, pending shareholder and regulatory approval,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> for InBev to purchase the American icon at $70 per share, creating a new company to be named Anheuser-Busch InBev. Anheuser-Busch would get two seats on the combined board of directors. The all-cash agreement, almost $52 billion in total equity, created the world's largest brewer, uniting the maker of Budweiser and Michelob with the producer of <a href="/wiki/Beck%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Beck's">Beck's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stella_Artois" title="Stella Artois">Stella Artois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoegaarden_Brewery" title="Hoegaarden Brewery">Hoegaarden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leffe" title="Leffe">Leffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_(beer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass (beer)">Bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Labatt">Labatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brahma_(beer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahma (beer)">Brahma</a>. The two companies had combined yearly sales of more than $36.4 billion, surpassing the current No. 1 brewer, London-based <a href="/wiki/SABMiller" title="SABMiller">SABMiller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Grupo Modelo took InBev to arbitration for more than a year and a half after the deal was completed, attempting to block the deal. On October 7, 2009, parent company Anheuser-Busch InBev announced plans to sell the theme parks division to The Blackstone Group for up to US$2.7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In July 2010, a panel decided that the takeover did not violate Anheuser-Busch's agreement with Modelo.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-acquisition_changes">Post-acquisition changes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-acquisition changes">edit</a>]</div> On November 18, 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Hostile_takeover" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostile takeover">hostile takeover</a> was completed, and the <a href="/wiki/Parent_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent corporation">parent corporation</a> was renamed Anheuser-Busch InBev; Anheuser-Busch became a <a href="/wiki/Wholly_owned_subsidiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholly owned subsidiary">wholly owned subsidiary</a> of the new corporation, controlled within the North America zone unit of AB InBev. By early 2009, AB InBev "turned a family-led company that spared little expense into one that is focused intently on cost-cutting and <a href="/wiki/Profit_margin" title="Profit margin">profit margins</a>, while rethinking the way it sells beer."<a href="#cite_note-wsjchanges-42">[42]</a> AB InBev focused on reducing costs in the Anheuser-Busch Companies subsidiary and implemented performance-related pay,<a href="#cite_note-wsjchanges-42">[42]</a> along with several other changes. They immediately laid off 1,400 employees and 415 contractors,<a href="#cite_note-layoffs-43">[43]</a> sold Busch Entertainment Corporation, and sold company-owned <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-loschmanagement.com-44">[44]</a> For employees, AB InBev ended <a href="/wiki/Perquisite" class="mw-redirect" title="Perquisite">perquisites</a> such as executive assistants for senior management, company contributions to the salaried employee <a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">pension</a> plan, and company-provided <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a> to retirees; it also reduced the number of company-provided cell phones, taking back 1200 Blackberries;<a href="#cite_note-loschmanagement.com-44">[44]</a> and ended tuition reimbursement, and <a href="/wiki/Severance_package" title="Severance package">severance packages</a>. Perks like free tickets to <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> baseball games and for <a href="/wiki/Busch_Gardens" title="Busch Gardens">Busch Gardens</a> were taken away from employees. Anheuser-Busch stopped providing free beer to its employees and visitors to its theme parks.<a href="#cite_note-:0-45">[45]</a> These internal changes accompanied changes in its <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>. These cost-cutting measures rapidly reduced AB InBev's debt from $56.6 billion in 2008 to $30.1 billion at the end of 2012. When the restructuring was complete, only three senior-level Anheuser-Busch managers remained.<a href="#cite_note-loschmanagement.com-44">[44]</a> InBev auctioned off several large assets in an effort to pay off debt to the banks that financed the merger.<a href="#cite_note-:0-45">[45]</a> It sold Anheuser's 27% stake in China's <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao</a>, sold a few beverage can and lid-making plants to Ball Corporation, and sold its own <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_South_Korea" title="Beer in South Korea">Korean beer</a> business for $1.8 billion to <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm Kohlberg Kravis and Roberts & Co.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> It put the 10 theme parks in Anheuser's Busch Entertainment Unit, which included its three <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld" title="SeaWorld">SeaWorld</a> locations, up for sale.<a href="#cite_note-:0-45">[45]</a> Under InBev, Anheuser-Busch also lengthened <a href="/wiki/Accounts_payable" title="Accounts payable">accounts payable</a> terms, and introduced <a href="/wiki/Zero-based_budgeting" title="Zero-based budgeting">zero-based budgeting</a>. These changes caused concern from its suppliers when Anheuser-Busch announced it would take 120 days to pay its bills rather than 30 days, taking time to use that money for other purposes. The new payment policy often results in longer periods than 120 days, since the 120 days starts from the end of the month in which the invoice is 'approved' internally, which can be many days/months after an invoice is submitted.<a href="#cite_note-:0-45">[45]</a> InBev signed a 10-year lease on 31,500 square feet of office space on <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, which led to speculation that they would move Anheuser-Busch InBev North American headquarters from <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In February 2013, a widely publicized lawsuit accused AB InBev<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> of "watering down" products including Budweiser and Michelob. Such beers are intentionally brewed over-strength and then "watered down" to the intended level, creating a product of equal or greater quality.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The lawsuit was dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Of Anheuser's top executives, only three remained in their jobs following the acquisition: <a href="/wiki/Dave_Peacock_(businessman)" title="Dave Peacock (businessman)">Dave Peacock</a> as president of the merged company's US division; Gary Rutledge as general counsel for the company's North American business; and Bob Golden, Anheuser's former acquisitions head, as global head of the merged company's <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a> effort.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations_and_products">Operations and products</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operations and products">edit</a>]</div> Anheuser-Busch Companies operates as one of several subsidiaries in the North America zone unit of <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_InBev" class="mw-redirect" title="Anheuser-Busch InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a> SA/NV (AB InBev) and it produces and distributes hundreds of products from the AB InBev portfolio. On October 10, 2016, a $100 billion merger between Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller closed. The new company is trading as NewbelcoSABMiller.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_leadership">Corporate leadership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Corporate leadership">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Doukeris" title="Michel Doukeris">Michel Doukeris</a> is the current <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of AB InBev, the parent company of the U.S. operation,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and Brendan Whitworth is the current CEO of the Anheuser-Busch subsidiary.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Previous corporate leaders of Anheuser-Busch include: <ul><li>1860–1880 Eberhard Anheuser</li> <li>1880–1913 Adolphus Busch</li> <li>1913–1934 August A. Busch Sr.</li> <li>1934–1946 <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Busch_III" title="Adolphus Busch III">Adolphus Busch III</a></li> <li>1946–1971 <a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a></li> <li>1971–1974 <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Meyer" title="Richard A. Meyer">Richard A. Meyer</a></li> <li>1974–2002 <a href="/wiki/August_A._Busch_III" class="mw-redirect" title="August A. Busch III">August A. Busch III</a></li> <li>2002–2006 <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stokes_(businessman)" title="Patrick Stokes (businessman)">Patrick Stokes</a></li> <li>2006–2008 <a href="/wiki/August_A._Busch_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="August A. Busch IV">August A. Busch IV</a></li></ul> In 2008 Anheuser-Busch was acquired by InBev, and the combined company was renamed Anheuser-Busch InBev. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Years </th> <th>CEO of parent company AB InBev </th> <th>Leader of the Anheuser-Busch subsidiary </th></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2012 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Brito_(businessman)" title="Carlos Brito (businessman)">Carlos Brito</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Dave_Peacock_(businessman)" title="Dave Peacock (businessman)">Dave Peacock</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012–2014 </td> <td>Luiz Edmond </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014–2018 </td> <td>João Castro Neves </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018–2021 </td> <td>Michel Doukeris </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021–Present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michel_Doukeris" title="Michel Doukeris">Michel Doukeris</a> </td> <td>CEO Brendan Whitworth </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brewery_operations">Brewery operations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Brewery operations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_at_St._Louis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_at_St._Louis.jpg/220px-Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_at_St._Louis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_at_St._Louis.jpg/330px-Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_at_St._Louis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_at_St._Louis.jpg/440px-Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_at_St._Louis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Brewery at <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StLouisABPackaging_Plant.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/StLouisABPackaging_Plant.JPG/220px-StLouisABPackaging_Plant.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/StLouisABPackaging_Plant.JPG/330px-StLouisABPackaging_Plant.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/StLouisABPackaging_Plant.JPG/440px-StLouisABPackaging_Plant.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The packaging plant in St. Louis</figcaption></figure> Anheuser-Busch Companies has operated 13 breweries, all located in the United States: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a> (opened 1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a> (opened 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a> (opened 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a> (opened 1959, now closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a> (opened 1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> (opened 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a> (opened 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack,_New_Hampshire" title="Merrimack, New Hampshire">Merrimack, New Hampshire</a> (opened 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a> (opened 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield, California</a> (opened 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwinsville,_New_York" title="Baldwinsville, New York">Baldwinsville, New York</a> (opened 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado" title="Fort Collins, Colorado">Fort Collins, Colorado</a> (opened 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartersville,_Georgia" title="Cartersville, Georgia">Cartersville, Georgia</a> (opened 1993)</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_Brewery_(St._Louis,_Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anheuser-Busch Brewery (St. Louis, Missouri)">St. Louis brewery</a>, which opened in 1852, is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark_District" title="National Historic Landmark District">National Historic Landmark District</a>, and includes three buildings listed as <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmarks" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Landmarks">National Historic Landmarks</a>. Public tours of the brewery are offered. The tour takes visitors through the complex where they can see beer being made and packaged in a working part of the brewery. The company keeps a rotation of its famous <a href="/wiki/Budweiser_Clydesdales" title="Budweiser Clydesdales">Budweiser Clydesdales</a> at its headquarters, and visitors to the brewery can observe the <a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clydesdale (horse)">clydesdales</a> in their exercise field and see their places in the carriage house. The brewery was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-58">[58]</a> The landmarked area includes 189 structures spread over 142 acres (57 ha), including many red brick Romanesque ones "with square crenelated towers and elaborate details."<a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-57">[57]</a> The Brew House, built in 1891–1892, is particularly notable for its "multi-storied hop chandeliers, intricate iron-work, and utilization of natural light".<a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_operations">Other operations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other operations">edit</a>]</div> Aside from supply operations like brewing and packaging, Anheuser-Busch Companies includes Anheuser-Busch Wholesale Operations Divisions (WOD), Anheuser-Busch Agricultural Operations, Anheuser-Busch Recycling Corporation, Eagle Packaging, and <a href="/wiki/Busch_Properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Busch Properties">Busch Properties</a>, which manages subsidiary-owned property. Anheuser Busch owns and operates aluminum can plants (Metal Container Corporation). MCC supplies Anheuser Busch breweries and Pepsi Beverages Group fillers across the US. Suppliers to Anheuser-Busch Companies include <a href="/wiki/Owens-Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Owens-Illinois">Owens-Illinois</a>, which provides glass bottles to several Anheuser-Busch breweries. Anheuser-Busch also owns glass production facilities, such as the former Longhorn Glass, which provides glass for the Houston brewery. Anheuser-Busch Companies delivers its products to retailers through a network of more than 500 independent wholesalers and 13 wholly owned distributors.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> On February 20, 1953, Anheuser-Busch purchased the St. Louis Cardinals <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">major league baseball</a> club and owned them until March 21, 1996, when the club was sold to a group of private investors. In 1966, <a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">Busch Memorial Stadium</a> was paid for and built by the brewery and opened for business; Anheuser-Busch later purchased the stadium in 1981 for $53 million and removed the "Memorial" in its name. The stadium was demolished in late 2005 and replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Busch_Stadium" title="Busch Stadium">new ballpark</a> in 2006. Anheuser-Busch signed an agreement to retain the "Busch Stadium" name on the new building through 2025. Up until 2009, Anheuser-Busch was also one of the largest theme park owners/operators in the United States, with ten parks throughout the country through its entertainment division, Busch Entertainment Corporation, including its three SeaWorld locations. The company is now known as <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_Parks_%26_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment">SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beverage_products">Beverage products</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Beverage products">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_brands" title="Anheuser-Busch brands">Anheuser-Busch brands</a></div> Anheuser-Busch Companies is responsible for the production, importation and distribution of several AB InBev products, including three company-designated global brands, Budweiser, Stella Artois, and Beck's.<a href="#cite_note-abinbevusreport2012-12">[12]</a> Other multi-country brands distributed or produced by Anheuser-Busch Companies include Leffe and Hoegaarden, while local brands produced by the company include <a href="/wiki/Bass_Brewery" title="Bass Brewery">Bass Pale Ale</a>, Bud Light, <a href="/wiki/Busch_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Busch Beer">Busch Beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landshark_Lager" class="mw-redirect" title="Landshark Lager">Landshark Lager</a>, Michelob, Michelob Ultra, <a href="/wiki/Natural_Light" title="Natural Light">Natural Light</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shock_Top" title="Shock Top">Shock Top</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abinbevusreport2012-12">[12]</a> The company also produces nonalcoholic beverages, <a href="/wiki/Malt_liquor" title="Malt liquor">malt liquors</a> (such as King Cobra and Hurricane), and flavored malt beverages (e.g. the Bacardi Silver family and <a href="/wiki/Tequiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Tequiza">Tequiza</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On December 22, 2015, it was announced that Anheuser-Busch would purchase Breckenridge Brewery for an undisclosed sum.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advertising">Advertising</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Advertising">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_harvick_(47223208601)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kevin_harvick_%2847223208601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kevin_harvick_%2847223208601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kevin_harvick_%2847223208601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kevin_harvick_%2847223208601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kevin_harvick_%2847223208601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Kevin_harvick_%2847223208601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4301" data-file-height="2293" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Harvick" title="Kevin Harvick">Kevin Harvick</a>'s Busch sponsored <a href="/wiki/2019_Monster_Energy_NASCAR_Cup_Series" title="2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series">2019</a> <a href="/wiki/NASCAR_Cup_Series" title="NASCAR Cup Series">NASCAR</a> <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(sixth_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (sixth generation)">Ford Mustang</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pocono_Raceway" title="Pocono Raceway">Pocono Raceway</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malt-Nutrine,_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Malt-Nutrine%2C_1898.jpg/220px-Malt-Nutrine%2C_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Malt-Nutrine%2C_1898.jpg/330px-Malt-Nutrine%2C_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Malt-Nutrine%2C_1898.jpg/440px-Malt-Nutrine%2C_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>1898 magazine ad for Malt-Nutrine</figcaption></figure> Prior to its acquisition by InBev, the company was known in the United States for its advertising presence, including a sports marketing division which created advertising material for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> and many other sporting events. Budweiser has sponsored horse racing events and <a href="/wiki/Motorsports" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsports">motorsports</a> including <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Miss_Budweiser" title="Miss Budweiser">Miss Budweiser</a>" racing <a href="/wiki/Hydroplane_(boat)" title="Hydroplane (boat)">hydroplane</a>, and the "Budweiser King" championship top fuel dragster of <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Bernstein" title="Kenny Bernstein">Kenny Bernstein</a>. Since the acquisition by AB InBev, the company has significantly cut back its advertising, predicated on the belief that "changing <a href="/wiki/Demographics" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics">demographics</a> and media habits no longer require spending as much on mainstream sports events".<a href="#cite_note-wsjchanges-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spykes_underaged_alcohol_marketing">Spykes underaged alcohol marketing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Spykes underaged alcohol marketing">edit</a>]</div> In 2007, the company introduced a flavored 12% abv malt liquor under the name Spykes. It was sold in colorful, 2-<a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a> bottles. Available flavors included <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">lime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hot_melon-61">[61]</a> It was withdrawn in the same year after criticism from <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> industry watchdog groups that it was being marketed to underage customers, and the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau">Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau</a> found that the labeling of Spykes was illegal.<a href="#cite_note-Booze_buzz-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spykes_labels_illegal-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_record">Environmental record</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Environmental record">edit</a>]</div> In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Political_Economy_Research_Institute" title="Political Economy Research Institute">Political Economy Research Institute</a> ranked Anheuser–Busch 40th among the "Toxic 100", a list of U.S. corporations most responsible for <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a>. The study found that Anheuser–Busch released 1,002,786 kg (2,213,657 lbs) of toxic pollutants annually into the air.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> This is mainly because large amounts of <a href="/wiki/CO2" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2">CO2</a> are released during the process of <a href="/wiki/Brewing#Fermenting" title="Brewing">fermentation</a>. Anheuser-Busch has received numerous awards for its efforts to reduce its impact on the environment.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In 1995 Anheuser-Busch's Baldwinsville brewery won an award for pollution prevention from the New York Governor for its use of a "comprehensive, energy-producing pollution-prevention system – bioenergy recovery – to treat wastewater from the brewing process." The brewery also reduced solid waste by nearly 70 percent from 1990 to 1994. In addition, the Baldwinsville brewery found markets for previous "waste" materials used in the <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a> of Anheuser-Busch beers.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The Anheuser-Busch Recycling Corp. recycled more than 27 billion cans in 2006, a number far greater than what was used in its own packaging. Similarly, Anheuser-Busch has set short-term goals to reduce energy consumption 5% and increasing use of renewable fuel from 8 to 15% by 2010. Along with these goals, Anheuser-Busch has succeeded in cutting down its water use by 3% since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Its parent company Anheuser-Busch InBev has recently announced a commitment to secure 100% of the company's purchased electricity from renewable sources by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The brewery also operates an environmental outreach program to encourage recycling, energy conservation, and habitat preservation, as well as to prevent <a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">littering</a> and water pollution.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> For past 18 years Anheuser-Busch employees have participated in "Green Week", which focuses on environmental conservation education for employees and their families.<a href="#cite_note-csrwire1-72">[72]</a> Anheuser-Busch states they do not use animal-derived products, artificial ingredients, additives or preservatives at any stage of the brewing process or as part of the packaging in any of their range, with the exception of three Michelob products and two Bud Light products, which contain honey and shellfish respectively, and are marketed as such.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> All other Anheuser-Busch beers are brewed using water, yeast, barley malt, hops, and additional cereal grains. Anheuser-Busch eliminates the need for <a href="/wiki/Isinglass" title="Isinglass">isinglass</a> <a href="/wiki/Finings" title="Finings">finings</a> by settling and removing particles before fermentation. The beechwood aging process also helps to attract and remove yeast from the brew before the lagering process has ended.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> This only applies to the beers the company brews itself. Anheuser-Busch became a pioneer for electricity-powered heavy trucks. It ordered hundreds of trucks from <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikola Motor">Nikola Motor</a>, an Arizona company specialized in the development of hydrogen-fueled engines.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budweiser_Bill">Budweiser Bill</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Budweiser Bill">edit</a>]</div> In 2003, after numerous deaths in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">soccer</a> stadiums, Brazil passed a law outlawing alcohol sales in stadiums. FIFA demanded that Brazil allow alcohol sales at the <a href="/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2014 FIFA World Cup">2014 FIFA World Cup</a> because Budweiser, a major World Cup sponsor is the "Official Beer of the FIFA World Cup", a role it has played since 1986. In response, Brazil passed a law paving the way for alcohol sales in the World Cup, nicknamed the "Budweiser Bill".<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Up_for_Whatever"_beer_campaign_controversy">"Up for Whatever" beer campaign controversy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: "Up for Whatever" beer campaign controversy">edit</a>]</div> In April 2015, Anheuser-Busch, in an effort to target new, younger consumers to buy its products, the company printed a slogan on Bud Light bottles that said "The perfect beer for removing 'no' from your vocabulary for the night. #UpForWhatever."<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The label triggered a backlash, and the company was immediately criticized by people who charged that it could be interpreted as promoting rape.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Bud Light's vice president Alexander Lambrecht addressed the situation via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, first saying that the slogans were meant to promote brand engagement in a "positive and lighthearted way", but that the company had "missed the mark" with their "up for whatever" slogan.<a href="#cite_note-auto-81">[81]</a> He ended his message by saying that Bud Light would "never condone disrespectful or irresponsible behavior". His message was followed by a Twitter response from Lisa Weser; the former head of communications and marketing for <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_InBev" class="mw-redirect" title="Anheuser-Busch InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> who also responded to the situation via Twitter. Her response repeated Alexander Lambrecht's concluding message.<a href="#cite_note-auto-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquor_law_violations_in_Seattle">Liquor law violations in Seattle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Liquor law violations in Seattle">edit</a>]</div> The Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (WSLCB) issued a $150,000 violation to Anheuser-Busch in May 2016. Investigators determined that Anheuser-Busch entered into an illegal agreement of exclusivity with two concert venues in Seattle – the <a href="/wiki/The_Showbox" title="The Showbox">Showbox</a> and the Showbox SoDo.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_Super_Bowl_advertising">2017 Super Bowl advertising</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2017 Super Bowl advertising">edit</a>]</div> In early February 2017, Anheuser-Busch's "Budweiser – Born the Hard Way" Super Bowl commercial was released online, prompting conservative political rebuke over its depiction of the immigration of founder Adolphus Busch from Germany to St. Louis. Although the ad had been conceived eight months before its release, some perceived the ad to be a political statement in opposition to then-current president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>. A week before the ad's release, public controversy erupted over an executive order prohibiting entry of immigrants, refugees, and re-entry of permanent residents from seven countries into the United States.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The script for the advertisement was finalized after the November elections, when Budweiser's internal marketing team settled on the twelfth revision of the script. Shooting for the commercial then took place in January.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The ad controversy followed after controversy in May 2016 when Trump, then a presidential candidate, was perceived by some to be hijacking Budweiser's America branding campaign for his own political purposes.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_Super_Bowl_advertising">2019 Super Bowl advertising</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2019 Super Bowl advertising">edit</a>]</div> On March 21, 2019, Anheuser-Busch was sued for false advertising by rival <a href="/wiki/MillerCoors" title="MillerCoors">MillerCoors</a> over a Bud Light commercial that aired during <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIII" title="Super Bowl LIII">Super Bowl LIII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The commercial claimed MillerCoors' <a href="/wiki/Miller_Lite" title="Miller Lite">Miller Lite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coors_Light" title="Coors Light">Coors Light</a> products contain <a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">corn syrup</a>, but the lawsuit argues that corn syrup is only used during the brewing process as a fermentation aid and neither beer contains corn syrup. The suit alleges that Anheuser-Busch is using "false and misleading statements" to confuse health-conscious consumers into thinking the beers contain <a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">high-fructose corn syrup</a>, which has been linked with <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> An Anheuser-Busch spokesperson called the lawsuit "baseless" and said it would not deter Bud Light from "providing consumers with the transparency they demand."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> MillerCoors [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] sought an injunction to prevent Bud Light from continuing the ad campaign, as well as a trial by jury and legal fees. Anheuser-Busch prevailed in the Seventh Circuit in 2020,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> with the court finding that since Miller included corn syrup on the ingredients list, Anheuser-Busch was within the bounds of the Lanham Act. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_Bud_Light_boycott">2023 Bud Light boycott</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2023 Bud Light boycott">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Bud_Light_boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Bud Light boycott">2023 Bud Light boycott</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WSJ_bud_light_data.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/WSJ_bud_light_data.jpg/220px-WSJ_bud_light_data.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/WSJ_bud_light_data.jpg/330px-WSJ_bud_light_data.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/WSJ_bud_light_data.jpg/440px-WSJ_bud_light_data.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="883" /></a><figcaption>Top beer brands in the U.S. the first half of 2023</figcaption></figure> On April 2, 2023, Anheuser-Busch's brand <a href="/wiki/Bud_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Bud Light">Bud Light</a> started facing a <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> after partnering with <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> influencer and activist <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Mulvaney" title="Dylan Mulvaney">Dylan Mulvaney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-92">[92]</a> Alissa Heinerscheid, the vice president of marketing behind the campaign,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> took a leave of absence on April 21, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> She was replaced by Budweiser Global Marketing VP Todd Allen.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On May 10, 2023, <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> downgraded <a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a> stock as it dealt with a "Bud Light crisis".<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-101">[101]</a> Analysts at <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> cited "deeper problems than ABI admits" after the partnership with Mulvaney resulted in a wave of backlash and a boycott. The analyst cited a Beer Marketer's Insights note that showed a steep drop in beer sales "of maybe more than 25%" in April.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-101">[101]</a> On June 13, 2023, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported that Bud Light lost the title as the top-selling U.S. beer, with <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Modelo" title="Grupo Modelo">Modelo Especial</a> in May taking the top sales spot.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>, on July 10, 2023, reported a recent <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> survey's findings that Bud Light's popularity among American beer brands dropped to the 14th position.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On July 26, 2023, the <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> reported that Anheuser-Busch laid off hundreds of workers at its U.S. sales offices after months of slumping sales at Bud Light.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Anheuser-Busch reported in its second quarter earnings, on August 3, 2023, that its revenue in the United States fell more than 10 percent in the second quarter, versus the same period last year, “primarily due to the volume decline of Bud Light.” Operating profit at the U.S. unit dropped by nearly 30 percent.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> On February 29, 2024, <a href="/wiki/CNN_Business" title="CNN Business">CNN Business</a> reported, Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's largest brewer, experienced a significant financial hit, potentially losing up to $1.4 billion in sales. This loss was attributed to the controversy and subsequent boycott of Bud Light in the United States, following the sponsored <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> post featuring the transgender influencer Dylan Mulvaney, which notably impacted the company's overall growth and beer sales volume in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ties_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis">Ties with Washington University in St. Louis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ties with Washington University in St. Louis">edit</a>]</div> Adolphus Busch joined <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University</a>'s Board of Directors in 1895, back when the school was still located on its old downtown St. Louis campus. Adolphus would continue to serve on the board until his death in 1913, at which point his son, <a href="/wiki/August_Anheuser_Busch_Sr." title="August Anheuser Busch Sr.">August Busch Sr.</a> took over his seat. Though <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Busch_III" title="Adolphus Busch III">Adolphus Busch III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a> never sat on the board, the ties between their company and the school were still strong. August Busch III, CEO of Anheuser-Busch from 1975 to 2002, would become a trustee of the university, a position he holds to this day. The Anheuser-Busch Foundation donation that gave its name to Anheuser-Busch Hall was made in honor of Fred L. Kuhlmann, an executive officer of both the company and the St. Louis Cardinals under August Busch III. Kuhlmann, who held these positions for most of the 1980s and early 1990s, graduated from WashU's undergraduate and law programs.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Though the Busch family no longer owns Anheuser-Busch, the connection between the company and the university is ongoing. Jack H. Purnell, former CEO of Anheuser-Busch, where he worked for 36 years, is an executive in residence of the <a href="/wiki/Olin_Business_School" title="Olin Business School">Olin Business School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/28px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/42px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/56px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Beer" title="Portal:Beer">Beer portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_InBev" class="mw-redirect" title="Anheuser-Busch InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_Brewing_Association_Building" title="Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association Building">Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaWorld Entertainment">SeaWorld Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturers_Railway_(St._Louis)" title="Manufacturers Railway (St. Louis)">Manufacturers Railway (St. Louis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> – former <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> worked at the St Louis plant in the 1950s during his summer term at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-anheuser-busch.com-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anheuser-busch.com_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anheuser-busch.com_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anheuser-busch.com_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anheuser-busch.com/about/heritage">"Heritage | Anheuser-Busch"</a>. anheuser-busch.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150725/https://www.anheuser-busch.com/about/heritage">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved May 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anheuser-busch.com&rft.atitle=Heritage+%26%23124%3B+Anheuser-Busch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anheuser-busch.com%2Fabout%2Fheritage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ab-inbev.com/about-us/management-team.html">"Our Leaders"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816025503/http://www.ab-inbev.com/about-us/management-team.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Leaders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ab-inbev.com%2Fabout-us%2Fmanagement-team.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuhmacher2023" class="citation web cs1">Schuhmacher, Harry (April 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beernet.com/bud-light-management-changes-todd-allen-appointed-vp-bud-light/">"Bud Light Management Changes: Todd Allen Appointed VP Bud Light"</a>. beernet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421223310/https://beernet.com/bud-light-management-changes-todd-allen-appointed-vp-bud-light/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=beernet.com&rft.atitle=Bud+Light+Management+Changes%3A+Todd+Allen+Appointed+VP+Bud+Light&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft.aulast=Schuhmacher&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeernet.com%2Fbud-light-management-changes-todd-allen-appointed-vp-bud-light%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-revenuenote-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-revenuenote_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-revenuenote_4-1">b</a> Revenue and gross profit for 2018 was reported by zone unit and therefore includes other North American subsidiaries of AB InBev, from pg. 58 of company annual report </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=103284">"Company Overview of Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC"</a>. Bloomberg Research. Bloomberg. February 5, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303152127/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=103284">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2017. <q>Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC brews and sells beers. Its portfolio includes spirits, malt beverages, and wines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Research&rft.atitle=Company+Overview+of+Anheuser-Busch+Companies%2C+LLC&rft.date=2017-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fresearch%2Fstocks%2Fprivate%2Fsnapshot.asp%3FprivcapId%3D103284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hampson18-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hampson18_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hampson18_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampson2008" class="citation book cs1">Hampson, Tim (2008). The Beer Book. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.anheuser-busch_companies_llc.03826aea9ef132b9676f22ddd179d1f3.html?sitespectflag=TRUE&imok=hoovers&aka_re=1">the original</a> on July 26, 2020. 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Retrieved June 22, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory-Nomination%3A+Anheuser-Busch+Brewery&rft.date=1978-04&rft.au=Cecil+McKithan+and+Stephen+Lissandrello&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F66000945_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000945_photos">Accompanying four photos, from 1895, ca. 1900, 1942, and ca. 1970</a> (1.90 MB) </li> <li id="cite_note-nhlsum-58"><a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804114432/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=715&ResourceType=District">"Anheuser-Busch Brewery"</a>. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=715&ResourceType=District">the original</a> on August 4, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+summary+listing&rft.atitle=Anheuser-Busch+Brewery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D715%26ResourceType%3DDistrict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224132200/http://anheuser-busch.com/index.php/our-company/operations/wholesale-operations/">"Anheuser-Busch Wholesaler Operations"</a>. Anheuser-Busch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anheuser-busch.com/index.php/our-company/operations/wholesale-operations/">the original</a> on February 24, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anheuser-Busch+Wholesaler+Operations&rft.pub=Anheuser-Busch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanheuser-busch.com%2Findex.php%2Four-company%2Foperations%2Fwholesale-operations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2015" class="citation web cs1">Wallace, Alicia (December 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_29298392/breckenridge-brewery-sold-giant-anheuser-buschs-high-end">"Breckenridge Brewery sold to giant Anheuser-Busch's "High End""</a>. denver Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123161616/http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_29298392/breckenridge-brewery-sold-giant-anheuser-buschs-high-end">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=denver+Post&rft.atitle=Breckenridge+Brewery+sold+to+giant+Anheuser-Busch%27s+%22High+End%22&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Fci_29298392%2Fbreckenridge-brewery-sold-giant-anheuser-buschs-high-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hot_melon-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Hot_melon_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16815536">"Hot melon in your Budweiser? – Business – US business – Food Inc. – NBC News"</a>. NBC News. January 25, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018044302/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16815536/">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Hot+melon+in+your+Budweiser%3F+%E2%80%93+Business+%E2%80%93+US+business+%E2%80%93+Food+Inc.+%E2%80%93+NBC+News&rft.date=2007-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna16815536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Booze_buzz-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Booze_buzz_62-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/17862137">"A booze buzz for teenyboppers?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923220948/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/17862137">Archived</a> September 23, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, March 30, 2007, NBC News </li> <li id="cite_note-Spykes_labels_illegal-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Spykes_labels_illegal_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cspinet.org/new/200704161.html">"Anheuser-Busch's "Spykes" Labels Illegal, Group Says"</a>. April 16, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211637/http://www.cspinet.org/new/200704161.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anheuser-Busch%27s+%22Spykes%22+Labels+Illegal%2C+Group+Says&rft.date=2007-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cspinet.org%2Fnew%2F200704161.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205013537/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/05/18/national/main2824509.shtml">"Anheuser-Busch Pulls "Spykes" – CBS News"</a>. www.cbsnews.com. May 18, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/05/18/national/main2824509.shtml">the original</a> on February 5, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anheuser-Busch+Pulls+%22Spykes%22+%E2%80%93+CBS+News&rft.date=2007-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2007%2F05%2F18%2Fnational%2Fmain2824509.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001071549/http://www.peri.umass.edu/Toxic-100-Table.265.0.html">"PERI: Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peri.umass.edu/Toxic-100-Table.265.0.html">the original</a> on October 1, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PERI%3A+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peri.umass.edu%2FToxic-100-Table.265.0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211145956/http://www.abehsreport.com/docs/performanceawards.html#China">"Anheuser-Busch Environmental, Health & Safety Report"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abehsreport.com/docs/performanceawards.html#China">the original</a> on February 11, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anheuser-Busch+Environmental%2C+Health+%26+Safety+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abehsreport.com%2Fdocs%2Fperformanceawards.html%23China&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/public/22539.html">"NYS Governor's Awards for Pollution Prevention – Anheuser-Busch"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200709/http://www.dec.ny.gov/public/22539.html">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved May 6, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gliving.tv/news/anheuser-busch-to-make-green-beer/">"Anheuser-Busch To Make Green Beer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200858/http://gliving.tv/news/anheuser-busch-to-make-green-beer/">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved May 6, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anheuser-busch.com/newsroom/2017/03/anheuser-busch-inbev-commits-to-a-100--renewable-electricity-fut.html">"Anheuser-Busch InBev Commits to a 100% Renewable Electricity Future"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409111001/http://www.anheuser-busch.com/newsroom/2017/03/anheuser-busch-inbev-commits-to-a-100--renewable-electricity-fut.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anheuser-Busch+InBev+Commits+to+a+100%25+Renewable+Electricity+Future&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anheuser-busch.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2017%2F03%2Fanheuser-busch-inbev-commits-to-a-100--renewable-electricity-fut.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelman" class="citation news cs1">Helman, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2017/04/06/bud-boss-promises-green-beer-in-big-shift-to-renewable-energy/#2ea456bb7ea9">"Bud Boss Promises 'Greener' Beer In Big Shift To Renewable Energy"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409022608/https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2017/04/06/bud-boss-promises-green-beer-in-big-shift-to-renewable-energy/#2ea456bb7ea9">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Bud+Boss+Promises+%27Greener%27+Beer+In+Big+Shift+To+Renewable+Energy&rft.aulast=Helman&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fchristopherhelman%2F2017%2F04%2F06%2Fbud-boss-promises-green-beer-in-big-shift-to-renewable-energy%2F%232ea456bb7ea9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abenvironment.com/">Anheuser-Busch Environmental Outreach.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203082112/http://www.abenvironment.com/">Archived</a> February 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-csrwire1-72"><a href="#cite_ref-csrwire1_72-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/26465-anheuser-busch-employees-seeing-green">"Anheuser-Busch Employees Seeing Green"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007183008/https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/26465-anheuser-busch-employees-seeing-green">Archived</a> October 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Corporate Social Responsibility Newswire" April 11, 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barnivore.com/beer/3/Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch: Has Some Vegan Options</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110314115011/http://www.barnivore.com/beer/3/Anheuser-Busch">Archived</a> March 14, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Barnivore.com. Feb 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110707212845/http://www.barnivore.com/beer/Rolling%20Rock?keyword=rolling+rock">"Barnivore – Your online drink directory"</a>. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barnivore+%E2%80%93+Your+online+drink+directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnivore.com%2Fbeer%2FRolling%2520Rock%3Fkeyword%3Drolling%2Brock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeraint_Paul_Bevan" class="citation web cs1">Geraint Paul Bevan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925000414/http://www.zen159730.zen.co.uk/Vegetarian_beers.html#AnheuserBusch">"Vegetarian beers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zen159730.zen.co.uk/Vegetarian_beers.html#AnheuserBusch">the original</a> on September 25, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vegetarian+beers&rft.au=Geraint+Paul+Bevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zen159730.zen.co.uk%2FVegetarian_beers.html%23AnheuserBusch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Christof Leisinger: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/finanzen/wasserstoffbrennzellen-nikola-motor-im-hoehenflug-ld.1560518">Nikola – der «Tesla» der Lastwagenbranche hebt ab wie eine Rakete.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611161703/https://www.nzz.ch/finanzen/wasserstoffbrennzellen-nikola-motor-im-hoehenflug-ld.1560518">Archived</a> June 11, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Neue Zürcher Zeitung, June 11, 2020. 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Retrieved June 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Bud+Light%27s+%27Up+for+Whatever%27+slogan+hits+a+target%2C+but+is+it+the+wrong+one%3F&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft.au=Kurtis+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-budweiser-controverisal-slogan-20150429-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Venutolo2015" class="citation news cs1">Anthony Venutolo (April 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/04/bud_light_label_rape_culture_poll.html">"Poll: Does Bud Light\u0027s controversial label promote rape?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">The Star-Ledger</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060741/http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/04/bud_light_label_rape_culture_poll.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016. 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Retrieved April 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bud+Light+chief+says+he+%27never+intended%27+boycott+over+trans+star+Dylan+Mulvaney&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Selk%2C+Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farts-entertainment%2F2023%2F04%2F15%2Fbud-light-apology-letter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2023-04-25/anti-transgender-backlash-against-bud-light-explained">"Anti-trans backlash against Bud Light has executives on the hot seat. What's going on?"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 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Retrieved April 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Anti-trans+backlash+against+Bud+Light+has+executives+on+the+hot+seat.+What%27s+going+on%3F&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fstory%2F2023-04-25%2Fanti-transgender-backlash-against-bud-light-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurbin2023" class="citation web cs1">Durbin, Dee-Ann (April 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/bud-light-transgender-dylan-mulvaney-nike-2fe1425ba09a3f0e271fda0ae4b67434">"Bud Light fumbles, but experts say inclusive ads will stay"</a>. 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Retrieved June 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Bud+Light+Loses+Title+as+Top-Selling+U.S.+Beer&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Maloney&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fbud-light-modelo-best-selling-beer-6a4d6b27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/bud-light-plummets-14th-place-210130892.html">"Bud Light Plummets To 14th Place Among Beers As Anheuser-Busch CEO Pleads For Consumers To Think Of The 65,000 Employees Impacted By Boycotts"</a>. Yahoo Finance. July 10, 2023. 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Edward (August 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/business/bud-light-sales-decline.html">"Fall in Bud Light Sales Puts Dent in Beer Maker's Earnings"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved August 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fall+in+Bud+Light+Sales+Puts+Dent+in+Beer+Maker%27s+Earnings&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=J.+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F08%2F03%2Fbusiness%2Fbud-light-sales-decline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiady2024" class="citation web cs1">Ziady, Hanna (February 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/29/business/bud-light-boycott-ab-inbev-sales/index.html">"Bud Light boycott likely cost Anheuser-Busch InBev over $1 billion in lost sales"</a>. CNN. Retrieved February 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Bud+Light+boycott+likely+cost+Anheuser-Busch+InBev+over+%241+billion+in+lost+sales&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft.aulast=Ziady&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F02%2F29%2Fbusiness%2Fbud-light-boycott-ab-inbev-sales%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wustl.edu/about/campuses/danforth-campus/anheuser-busch-hall/">"Anheuser-Busch Hall"</a>. Washington University in St. Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804010844/https://wustl.edu/about/campuses/danforth-campus/anheuser-busch-hall/">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anheuser-Busch+Hall&rft.pub=Washington+University+in+St.+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwustl.edu%2Fabout%2Fcampuses%2Fdanforth-campus%2Fanheuser-busch-hall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studlife.com/scene/2019/02/06/bears-and-beer-a-history-of-wus-connection-to-anheuser-busch/">"Bears and beer: A history of WU's connection to Anheuser-Busch"</a>. Student Life. February 7, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804010853/http://www.studlife.com/scene/2019/02/06/bears-and-beer-a-history-of-wus-connection-to-anheuser-busch/">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Student+Life&rft.atitle=Bears+and+beer%3A+A+history+of+WU%27s+connection+to+Anheuser-Busch&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studlife.com%2Fscene%2F2019%2F02%2F06%2Fbears-and-beer-a-history-of-wus-connection-to-anheuser-busch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnheuser-Busch" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Dethroning the King – The Hostile Takeover of Anheuser-Busch, an American Icon. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julie_MacIntosh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julie MacIntosh (page does not exist)">Julie MacIntosh</a> (John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2011)</li> <li>Bitter Brew – The Rise and Fall of Anheuser-Busch and America's Kings of Beer. <a href="/wiki/William_Knoedelseder" title="William Knoedelseder">William Knoedelseder</a> (HarperCollins, 2012)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anheuser-Busch&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anheuser-Busch" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anheuser-busch.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125074#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) No. MO-1613, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/mo0926/">Anheuser-Busch Brewery, Broadway & Pestalozzi, Saint Louis, Independent City, MO</a>", 3 photos, 2 data pages, 1 photo caption page</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113182118/http://www.budweisertours.com/toursSTL.htm">Anheuser-Busch Web Page on the St. Louis Brewery Tour</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anheuser%E2%80%93Busch_InBev" title="Template:Anheuser–Busch InBev"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anheuser%E2%80%93Busch_InBev" title="Template talk:Anheuser–Busch InBev"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anheuser%E2%80%93Busch_InBev" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anheuser–Busch InBev"><abbr title="Edit this 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href="/wiki/International_Breweries_plc" title="International Breweries plc">International Breweries plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Breweries_Limited" title="Nile Breweries Limited">Nile Breweries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABMiller" title="SABMiller">SAB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Breweries" title="South African Breweries">South African Breweries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechaba_Brewery_Holdings" title="Sechaba Brewery Holdings">Sechaba Brewery Holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kgalagadi_Breweries_Limited" title="Kgalagadi Breweries Limited">Kgalagadi Breweries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Refrigerator_Car_Company" title="St. Louis Refrigerator Car Company">St. Louis Refrigerated Car Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Breweries_Limited" title="Tanzania Breweries Limited">Tanzania Breweries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equity investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craft_Brew_Alliance" title="Craft Brew Alliance">Craft Brew Alliance</a> (32.2%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AB_InBev_brands" title="AB InBev brands">AB InBev brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Doukeris" title="Michel Doukeris">Michel Doukeris</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Busch_IV" title="August Busch IV">August Busch IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Frericks" title="Anson Frericks">Anson Frericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Paulo_Lemann" title="Jorge Paulo Lemann">Jorge Paulo Lemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoud_de_Pret_Roose_de_Calesberg" title="Arnoud de Pret Roose de Calesberg">Arnoud de Pret Roose de Calesberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Spoelberch" title="Philippe de Spoelberch">Philippe de Spoelberch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:AB_InBev" title="Category:AB InBev">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anheuser%E2%80%93Busch_InBev" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anheuser–Busch InBev">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_owners_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_franchise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066; !important;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_owners" title="Template:St. Louis Cardinals owners"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Louis_Cardinals_owners" title="Template talk:St. Louis Cardinals owners"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Helene Hathaway Britton">Helene Hathaway Britton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Breadon" title="Sam Breadon">Sam Breadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Robert E. Hannegan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anheuser-Busch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_DeWitt_Jr." title="William DeWitt Jr.">William DeWitt Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125074#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145557602">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/279394-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91119792">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/55312adf-1599-484f-833e-acc92445ee84">MusicBrainz label</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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